Library Content Research Articles

The selection performance of an antibody library displayed on filamentous phage coat proteins p9, p3 and truncated p3.

BackgroundFilamentous phage display has become an ordinary tool to engineer antibody fragments. Several capsid proteins have been applied for displaying antibodies, of which gene III (p3) protein is used the most followed by experiments with gene IX (p9) protein. Despite the popularity, there are no library scale studies to objectively compare differences in the selection performance of the libraries, when displayed via different capsid proteins.ResultsIn this study, an identical antibody repertoire was displayed as Fab fragments on p9, p3 and truncated p3 (p3Δ). In addition, the library clones were displayed as ScFv fragments on p3Δ and the Fab-p3 display valency was modulated by hyperphage and VCS-M13 superinfections. The selection performances of the libraries were followed in repeated parallel panning reactions against streptavidin (STR) and digoxigenin (DIG). Selection was successful with all display formats, but the enrichment of specific clones from Fab-p9 library was clearly less efficient than from the other libraries. The most diverse outputs were obtained from p3Δ display and the highest affinity anti-DIG antibodies from the ScFv repertoire. Unfortunately, the number of retrieved specific clones was too low for explicit analysis of the differences in the number of obtained unique clones from each library. However, severe reduction in sequence diversity was observed in p3-Fab libraries prior to panning, which in turn, materialized as a low number of unique specific clones. Oligovalent display by hyperphage resulted in a higher number of unique clones, but the same highest affinity anti-DIG Fab was recovered also by VCS-M13 superinfection.ConclusionsThe compromised enrichment of the target-specific clones from the Fab repertoire as a fusion to p9 capsid protein in our experiments, the significant loss of functional diversity in Fab-p3 library after single phage packing cycle and the retrieval of higher affinity anti-digoxigenin clones as ScFv molecules than as Fab molecules from the same source repertoire indicate that the chosen display format may have a significant impact on the selection outcome. This study demonstrates that in addition to library content, also display related issues, should be taken into consideration when planning directed evolution experiments.

Management Technology of the Electronic Resources of Library in the Informational and Educational Environment of Higher School

The accumulation of internal and external electronic resources in higher education institutions requires the development of operational management system for data collection and awareness of scientific and academic departments of university or college on the existing information resources. Process Automation Control of the internal and external content of library expands the information base for the educational process and scientific research that contributes to the effectiveness of scientific and educational activities of the universities, as well as ensures the promotion of the domestic resources into the environment.

An integrated approach to knowledge-driven structure-based virtual screening.

In many practical applications of structure-based virtual screening (VS) ligands are already known. This circumstance requires that the obtained hits need to satisfy initial made expectations i.e., they have to fulfill a predefined binding pattern and/or lie within a predefined physico-chemical property range. Based on the RApid Index-based Screening Engine (RAISE) approach, we introduce CRAISE-a user-controllable structure-based VS method. It efficiently realizes pharmacophore-guided protein-ligand docking to assess the library content but thereby concentrates only on molecules that have a chance to fulfill the given binding pattern. In order to focus only on hits satisfying given molecular properties, library profiles can be utilized to simultaneously filter compounds. CRAISE was evaluated on a range of strict to rather relaxed hypotheses with respect to its capability to guide binding-mode predictions and VS runs. The results reveal insights into a guided VS process. If a pharmacophore model is chosen appropriately, a binding mode below 2 Å is successfully reproduced for 85% of well-prepared structures, enrichment is increased up to median AUC of 73%, and the selectivity of the screening process is significantly enhanced leading up to seven times accelerated runtimes. In general, CRAISE supports a versatile structure-based VS approach allowing to assess hypotheses about putative ligands on a large scale.

Iudin’s “Second Library,” 1907–1912: Current Status of Research

The paper explains the history and contents of the book collection assembled by Gennadii Vasil’evich Iudin (1840–1912) between 1906, when he sold his 80,000-volume “first” library to the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, and his death in 1912. The paper also examines efforts in both Russia and the United States to reconstruct the contents of the second library.

A Single-Chain Antibody Using LoxP511 as the Linker Enables Large-Content Phage Library Construction via Cre/LoxP Recombination

To obtain natural or “me-better” antibodies (e.g., affinity-maturated antibodies), phage display libraries are widely used. However, the likelihood of obtaining satisfactory antibodies depends on the library content. Here, we used computer-aided design to model the use of the LoxP511 site as a linker between the heavy and light variable domains of an antibody for construction of a large single-chain fragment (scFv) antibody phage library by using the Cre/LoxP recombinant system. Then, we constructed two novel scFvs based on 2C4, namely, AH_scFv15 (15 amino acid [aa] linker; common [SG4]3 sequence) and AH_scFv21 (21-aa linker; LoxP511 sequence), to verify the use of the LoxP511 site as a linker. Our results indicate that LoxP511 could be used effectively for the construction of a large (e.g., 5 × 1012) phage display library of scFv antibodies from which it was possible to isolate an antibody with the same epitope as 2C4 but with higher affinity.

High Throughput Characterization of Polymer Libraries by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy

AbstractDiffuse reflectance FTIR (DRIFT) was established as a high throughput characterization method for classic copolymer systems. Four different methyl methacrylate‐based polymer libraries with styrene, N‐vinylpyrrolidone, 4‐vinylpyridine, or 2‐carboxyethyl acrylate as comonomers were synthesized using an automated/robotic synthesizer platform, and analyzed by 1H NMR and DRIFT. By multivariate data analysis both data sets were compared and correlations with R2 between 0.9373 and 0.9971 could be achieved. By this means high throughput screening of comonomer contents of these polymer libraries was enabled.

Websites of Deemed Universities in Tamil Nadu: An Analysis of Library Content

In the information and communication technology era, library services are the most developing and the fast improving segment of university libraries nowadays. Surveyed of websites of 29 deemed universities of Tamilnadu based on UGC universities list. The aim of this paper is to analyse library contents in terms of their collection, sections, services and website tools of deemed universities in Tamilnadu.

An overview of some historical knowledge organisation systems and classifications with a special emphasy on m

AbstractThe article gives an overview of some most prominent historical turning – points in the field of knowledge organization and western European sistematization of science, based on Greek and christian philosophy. Some examples of earlier attempts to unify the systems of knowledge organization and science systematization are presented. Some specific systems of the most prominent European christian religious orders’ library contents arrangement and classification are described in this context.

Preliminary Performance Assessment of TV White Spaces Technology for Broadband Communication in Malawi

Recently, the use of TV White Spaces for broadband communication has raised interest. White Spaces refer to regions of radio spectrum that are not used all the time in a specific geographical location. This paper presents the preliminary performance assessment of a TV White Spaces deployment in Malawi. The method used involved coverage simulations at the TV White Spaces frequencies, deployment of the network, monitoring and performance analysis. The preliminary results report usable coverage distance up to 7.5km which has allowed that remote students access the content of the university library and interact with the university faculty. The results thus show that the TV White Spaces technology can be used for broadband connectivity in rural and undeserved areas even when the WiFi and broadcasting spectrum is already utilized. A typical application that supports remote access of e-library resources from a rural Secondary School was developed using DSpace architecture over the White Spaces infrastructure is discussed.

Automatic Learning of Linguistic Resources for Stopword Removal and Stemming from Text

While multimedia digital documents are progressively spreading, most of the content of Digital Libraries is still in the form of text, and this predominance will probably never be questioned. Except pure display of these documents, all other tasks are based on some kind of Natural Language Processing, that must be supported by suitable linguistic resources. Since these resources are clearly language-specific, they might be unavailable for several languages, and manually building them is costly, time-consuming and error-prone. This paper proposes a methodology to automatically learn linguistic resources for a natural language starting from texts written in that language. The learned resources may enable further high-level processing of documents in that language, and/or be taken as a basis for further manual refinements. Experimental results show that its application may effectively provide useful linguistic resources in a fully automatic manner.

Academic, Public and Special Libraries on Facebook: A Content Analysis

This paper compares Facebook contents of Indian academic, public and special libraries with the purpose of understanding pattern of Facebook use in libraries. Contents were categorised into history, images, services, collection, events, photos, notes; groups and Likes. The points earned by all the individual contents at the 10-point scale were added together to find total points earned by each individual Library Facebook. Again the total points earned by individual libraries were taken together to find out the average points earned by three categories of libraries. The most significant findings are that average points earned for Facebook content are more by the public library, in comparison to special and academic libraries.

Enhanced methods for unbiased deep sequencing of Lassa and Ebola RNA viruses from clinical and biological samples.

We have developed a robust RNA sequencing method for generating complete de novo assemblies with intra-host variant calls of Lassa and Ebola virus genomes in clinical and biological samples. Our method uses targeted RNase H-based digestion to remove contaminating poly(rA) carrier and ribosomal RNA. This depletion step improves both the quality of data and quantity of informative reads in unbiased total RNA sequencing libraries. We have also developed a hybrid-selection protocol to further enrich the viral content of sequencing libraries. These protocols have enabled rapid deep sequencing of both Lassa and Ebola virus and are broadly applicable to other viral genomics studies.

The Poet's Mind: The Psychology of Victorian Poetry, 1830-1870 by Gregory Tate (review)

Reviewed by: The Poet's Mind: The Psychology of Victorian Poetry, 1830-1870 by Gregory Tate Lindsy Lawrence (bio) Gregory Tate , The Poet's Mind: The Psychology of Victorian Poetry, 1830-1870, Oxford English Monographs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. xi + 201, $110/£60 cloth. Gregory Tate's investigation of the ways Victorian poets explored the embodied mind is a finely constructed analysis of the intersection of psychology and poetics. Moving chronologically from the late 1820s through the end of the 1870s, Tate traces the various ways Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Arthur Clough, Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, and the spasmodic poets fashioned the embodied mind. This study contributes to the field by more fully exploring the ways in which Victorian poets contemplated the mind's processes, physical sensations, and emotive effects. Drawing from the work of Philip Davis on intellectual culture and Isobel Armstrong on poetic theory, Tate argues for the influence of associationist psychology on Victorian poetics—in terms of both content and form. His methodology includes close reading of selected works by the poets in question as well as consideration of the work of nineteenth-century thinkers and writers on associationist psychology, physiology, evolution, and poetics. Of particular interest to readers of VPR will be Tate's use of periodical poetry reviews from a range of journals, including the Athenaeum, Edinburgh Review, Examiner, London Quarterly Review, North British Review, Monthly Repository, and Westminster Review. While this is not a work devoted to periodical study, Tate does more than merely mine the periodical record. The first chapter analyzing Tennyson's and Browning's early works, in particular, uses contemporary periodical reviews to establish how both poets and reviewers drew from Romantic discourse on poetic feeling and early associationist psychology. [End Page 572] Tate also demonstrates how these poets were influenced by the emerging science of psychology through careful attention to print history. In his later chapters on Tennyson, Browning, and Eliot, Tate uses the contents of these writers' libraries to support his claims about their use of psychological theory. This evidence is most compelling in the chapter on Browning's epic psychology in The Ring and the Book. Tate notes two physiological psychology books in the Brownings' collection—Julius Althaus's The Functions of the Brain (1884) and James John Garth Wilkinson's The Human Body and Its Connexion with Man (1851)—arguing that Browning "was aware of the tenets of physiological psychology" (167). While it is an argument of correlation, his later suggestion—that Browning also would have been familiar with James Hinton's two articles on psychology and the physical processes of the brain, published in the Cornhill in 1862, and later George Henry Lewes's "The Heart and the Brain," published in the Fortnightly Review in 1865—is supported by convincing biographical evidence. Browning was asked in March 1862 to edit the Cornhill, and he wrote to Isabella Blagden in August 1865 praising the first installment of Anthony Trollope's The Belton Estate, which appeared in the same issue as Lewes's article. The strength of this evidence adds weight to Tate's close reading of Browning's poem. Overall, this work elegantly explores the intersection of nineteenth-century poetics and psychology. Lindsy Lawrence University of Arkansas, Fort Smith Lindsy Lawrence Lindsy Lawrence is Assistant Professor of English, Rhetoric, and Writing at the University of Arkansas-Fort Smith. She teaches a variety of courses on nineteenth-century British literature, with special attention to publication history, gender roles, and the conventions of serial fiction. She is currently working on a book manuscript examining how domestic serials functioned as part of the editorial voice of the nineteenth-century family literary magazine. She is co-director of the Periodical Poetry Index. Copyright © 2013 The Research Society for Victorian Periodicals

Cellulolytic potential and filter paper activity of fungi isolated from ancients manuscripts from the Medina of Fez

The content of libraries in Fez is an important historical testimony and a treasure of knowledge of several civilizations. Unfortunately, this cultural heritage has suffered deterioration caused by many factors, including microbial deterioration specifically by cellulolytic fungi. The aim of our study was the identification and characterization of the microflora that damage historical manuscripts books from an old library of the Medina of Fez. A total of 31 filamentous fungi were isolated from deteriorated paper of ancient books. Nine of these isolates were screened positive for the ability to degrade carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The ability of the nine isolates to produce filter paper activity (FPUase) in liquid media as well as the effect of temperature and pH were also studied. According to the molecular identification, the most frequent species were Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Mucor racemosus, and other less frequent, such as Hypocrea lixii, Aspergillus melleus and Schizophyllum commune were also present. Also, the effect of fungal contamination in paper artificially attacked for 18 months at 25 °C was examined. The fungal strains were able to degrade filter paper to varying degrees.

Digital Library of Collections from Cultural Institutions in Plovdiv

This report presents the project outcomes for digital presentation of historical artefacts from the region of Plovdiv, related to the Balkan War (1912- 1913). The selected collections include digitized periodicals, postcards, photographs, museum objects and paintings by Bulgarian artists. Problems related to the digitization, creation, storage and visualization of digital objects from the funds of these cultural institutions are also discussed. The content of this digital library is expected to be completed with other collections at cultural institutions in Plovdiv. The idea is as a next step to integrate the project with the other digital libraries. The project website „Digital library of collections from cultural i nstitutions in Plovdiv” is also presented here - http://plovdivartefacts.com/ (Figure 1).

Regulating Internet access and content in UK public libraries: Findings from the MAIPLE project

This paper reports the results of an online survey concerning the management of Internet access in UK public libraries. All UK public library authorities were invited to complete the survey which had a response rate of 39%. The survey explored the ways in which acceptable use of the Internet in public libraries is managed through the use of mechanisms such as filtering software and authentication of identity. All 80 responding public library authorities used filtering software. Procedures for authenticating identity for static Internet access were uniform whereas wireless access was much less regulated.

Policy on literature content based on software as service

Applications based on the software as a service (SaaS) platform that integrate the content of libraries across the country for personal and enterprise users are needed in the future. SaaS---based literature content integration has not yet been done in Korea. Therefore, this paper presents a SaaS application that integrates and manages the content of public organizations or libraries. This paper outlines a SaaS method and content framework for a literature content service that utilizes the metadata encoding and transmission specification and the metadata object description schema as the standard formats.

Fitting in

PurposeIntegration of library services via automated means does not require that the patron make abrupt shifts between interfaces or tools in order to take advantage of the vast array of resources a modern academic library provides. This can be accomplished in a seamless manner. This column aims to explore ways in which libraries can leverage the data sources of their parent institution to provide robust resources in the environments where their constituents typically perform their day to day work.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was done, but the column primarily relies on the experience of the author.FindingsThis column just scratches the surface for how libraries can better “fit in” with their parent institutions by leveraging already existing data sources. While this requires a high degree of cooperation with institutional partners, the return on that investment is very valuable.Originality/valueIntegration services are a key area in the provisioning of library services and content. Institutional data sources provide a rich source of information for catering library resources and content to individual students and faculty.

A Novel Approach for Document Ranking in Digital Libraries using Extractive Summarization

Digital libraries have become an important tool for searching the scientific literature. The growth of digital libraries is exponential based upon the fact that researchers are utilizing it more and more by the days. To make the search better, the content of digital libraries should be ranked properly. The rank of research paper depends upon many factors like citations to paper; content, authors and publications of the paper etc. Based upon these parameters, different ranking algorithms have been proposed till now. In this paper, a new algorithm C3 ranking is proposed, which considers two important factors i.e. citations to the paper and the relevancy of the content with the query.

Moving Our Data to the Semantic Web: Leveraging a Content Management System to Create the Linked Open Library

While migrating their website and digital library content to the Drupal content management system, the Smithsonian Libraries saw an opportunity to not only improve the management and presentation of their content, but also tomake it available for reuse by its own site and others by publishing it as linked open data 1(LOD). Leveraging the core functionality of Drupal 7 to produce RDF, it embarked on two projects. The first will publish bibliographic data taken from the library catalog as part of its digitization program and present it as RDFa. The second will create LOD from a much-cited botanical reference work.