Iodine Concentration Research Articles

Changes in food quality attributes of Saccharina latissima following pre-treatments, frozen storage and subsequent thawing

Changes in relevant quality attributes for the food industry were monitored in Saccharina latissima following pre-treatment (PT), freezing and thawing. The evaluation included the monitoring of qualitative indicators (dry weight, drip loss, texture, colour) and microbial status over a 15-month storage period, as well as the characterization of the nutrient profile. Freezing without PT led to extensive drip loss upon thawing (15 to 24 % of the initial weight) as well as structural alterations reflected by textural changes. The resulting liquid fraction contains water-soluble compounds including minerals (predominantly K), carbohydrates (mainly mannitol) and some proteins and free amino acids. Among the tested PTs, steaming resulted in reduced drip loss and higher nutrient retention compared to freshwater blanching and salting. Stable levels of fucoxanthin pigment in steamed samples along with evidence from the characterization of liquid fractions (i.e., drip loss upon thawing) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicate that this treatment inactivates enzymes responsible for the degradation of sensitive compounds. The iodine content of fresh S. latissima may limit its use as food ingredient. Steamed S. latissima was lower in iodine than the untreated control but higher than those of blanched and salted samples. The blanching and salting treatments also resulted in extensive losses of soluble compounds highlighting the compromise between iodine content reduction and nutrient retention in kelp processing. The presented data is directly relevant to kelp producers and food manufacturers in establishing processing methods in commercial production of the kelp S. latissima.

A nomogram for risk stratification of central cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Whether to perform prophylactic central lymph node dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is still controversial. This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the risk stratification of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with PTC. A total of 525 patients from 2017 to 2019 [Tianjin First Central Hospital (Hospital A)] were retrospectively analyzed to form the training cohort and to conduct internal validation. Another group of 204 patients in 2020 (Hospital A) formed the temporal validation cohort. A total of 107 patients in 2020 [Binzhou Medical University Hospital (Hospital B)] formed the geographic validation cohort, which was a retrospective cohort study. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. The locally weighted regression curve was used for risk stratification. Diameter, taller-than-wide, calcification, capsular invasion, and iodine concentration in the arterial and venous phases were independent risk predictors of CLNM. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.922 (95% confidence interval: 0.895-0.943) in the training cohort. Two external validation cohorts demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram in predicting CLNM, with AUCs of 0.912 and 0.861. The significantly improved net reclassification index and integrated discriminatory improvement index indicated that DECT was a powerful supplement to ultrasound for predicting CLNM. The risk stratification system divided all patients into low-risk (0-50 points), intermediate-risk (51-100 points), and high-risk groups (>100 points). The nomogram and risk stratification system estimated the utility of CLNM to guide individualized treatment of patients with PTC.

Impact of scatter radiation on spectral quantification performance of first- and second-generation dual-layer spectral computed tomography.

To assess the impact of scatter radiation on quantitative performance of first and second-generation dual-layer spectral computed tomography (DLCT) systems. A phantom with two iodine inserts (1 and 2mg/mL) configured to intentionally introduce high scattering conditions was scanned with a first- and second-generation DLCT. Collimation widths (maximum of 4cm for first generation and 8cm for second generation) and radiation dose levels were varied. To evaluate the performance of both systems, the mean CT numbers of virtual monoenergetic images (MonoEs) at different energies were calculated and compared to expected values. MonoEs at 50 versus 150keV were plotted to assess material characterization of both DLCTs. Additionally, iodine concentrations were determined, plotted, and compared against expected values. For each experimental scenario, absolute errors were reported. An experimental setup, including a phantom design, was successfully implemented to simulate high scatter radiation imaging conditions. Both CT scanners illustrated high spectral accuracy for small collimation widths (1 and 2cm). With increased collimation (4cm), the second-generation DLCT outperformed the earlier DLCT system. Further, the spectral performance of the second-generation DLCT at an 8cm collimation width was comparable to a 4cm collimation on the first-generation DLCT. A comparison of the absolute errors between both systems at lower energy MonoEs illustrates that, for the same acquisition parameters, the second-generation DLCT generated results with decreased errors. Similarly, the maximum error in iodine quantification was less with second-generation DLCT (0.45 and 0.33mg/mL for the first and second-generation DLCT, respectively). The implementation of a two-dimensional anti-scatter grid in the second-generation DLCT improves the spectral quantification performance. In the clinical routine, this improvement may enable additional clinical benefits, for example, in lung imaging.

Utilizing Date Palm Leaf Biochar for Simultaneous Adsorption of Pb(II) and Iodine from Aqueous Solutions

This study addresses the environmental and health hazards posed by Pb(II) and iodine, two significant contaminants. The objective was to explore the adsorption of these substances from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from the leaf midribs of the date palm through a slow pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis was conducted in two stages within a vacuum furnace: initially at 300 °C for 1 h followed by overnight cooling, and then at 600 °C with a similar cooling process. The resulting biochar was characterized for its microstructural features and functional groups using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It exhibited a porous structure with large numbers of pores (20 to 50 μm in size) and functional groups including O-H, C-H, and C=C, which are integral to its adsorption capabilities. For the adsorption studies, a 100 ppm Pb(II) ion solution was treated with varying amounts of biochar (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg) for 24 h. In parallel, iodine adsorption was tested, with biochar quantities ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 g/50 mL. Both treatments were followed by filtration and analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the remaining concentrations of Pb(II) and iodine. The study also explored the effect of varying incubation periods (up to 30 h) on iodine adsorption. The results were significant; 100% adsorption of Pb(II) was achieved with the addition of 60 mg of biochar per 10 mL of solution. In contrast, for iodine, a maximum adsorption of 39.7% was observed with 30 mg or 40 mg of biochar per 50 mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of date palm-derived biochar as an effective and sustainable material for the removal of Pb(II) and iodine from contaminated water, offering valuable insights for environmental remediation strategies.

Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases

When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the seventh highlighted factor (3.32%) – the use of gadgets to control FR and exercise; the eighth highlighted factor (3.00%) – trust in health workers as a source of information; the ninth highlighted factor (2.59%) – smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The assessment of the effect of FR on the respondents’ own health in the framework of the conducted study turned out to be significantly lower than abstract knowledge about the harmful effects of these FR. The analysis of the factor structure of the studied field confirmed the validity of such a division of knowledge based on ideas about its various forms – «knowledge in itself» and «knowledge for oneself». The analysis made it possible to formulate a number of conditions for improving the effectiveness of preventive work with the population, including to increase the impact of population prevention: it is necessary to more actively involve the most important sources for the population – medical workers, scientific medical workers and health managers; more fully take into account the gender and age characteristics of audiences in preventive measures; the use of mass media should be preceded by an analysis of the level of trust in them from the target audience; the information messages themselves must first be checked for memorability. Preventive measures should change the personal meanings of specific people in relation to FR and HLS, and not be limited to stating general knowledge about them. The study also allows us to determine the directions for further research of the population’s attitude to the FR and their own health as an interdisciplinary task with the necessary involvement of specialists in medical and general psychology, personality psychology and motivation psychology, as well as sociologists.

Differentiation of benign and malignant lesions in Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules via dual-energy computed tomography quantitative parameters and morphologic features.

Thyroid nodules (TNs) cytologically defined as category Bethesda III and IV pose a major diagnostic challenge before surgery, demanding new methods to reduce unnecessary diagnostic thyroid lobectomies for patients with benign TNs. This study aimed to assess whether a model combining dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantitative parameters with morphologic features could reliably differentiate between benign and malignant lesions in Bethesda III and IV TNs. Data from 77 patients scheduled for thyroid surgery for Bethesda III and IV TNs (malignant =48; benign =29) who underwent DECT scans were reviewed. DECT quantitative parameters including normalized iodine concentration (NIC), attenuation on the slope of spectral Hounsfield unit (HU) curve, and normalized effective atomic number (Zeff) were measured in the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP). DECT quantitative parameters and morphologic features were compared between the malignant and benign cohorts. The receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to compare the performances of significant DECT quantitative parameters, morphologic features, or the models combining the DECT parameters, respectively, with morphologic features. A nomogram was constructed from the optimal performance model, and the performance was evaluated via the calibration curve and decision curve analysis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the NIC in the AP (AP-NIC), slope of spectral HU curve in the AP, and NZeff in the AP were 0.749 (95% CI: 0.641-0.857), 0.654 (95% CI: 0.530-0.778), and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.602-0.842), respectively. The model combining AP-NIC with enhanced blurring showed the highest diagnostic performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.808, 0.854, and 0.655, respectively; it was then used to construct a nomogram. The calibration curve showed that the discrepancy between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observations was less than 5%. The decision curve analysis indicated the nomogram had a positive net benefit in threshold risk ranges of 14% to 58% or 60% to 91% for malignant Bethesda III and IV TNs. The model combining AP-NIC with enhanced blurring could reliably differentiate between benign and malignant lesions in Bethesda III and IV TNs.

Positive Associations of Urinary Iodine Concentration With Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 in Expectant Mothers: Cross-Sectional Study

Positive Associations of Urinary Iodine Concentration With Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 in Expectant Mothers: Cross-Sectional Study

Determination of Iodine Content of Different Brands of Edible Iodized Salts Available in Kabul City, Afghanistan

Salt is an excellent carrier of iodine since it is consumed by all community members at approximately consistent, well-defined levels, regardless of socio-economic condition. Iodine is an essential micronutrient of thyroid glands for average growth and mental development. Iodine deficiency is a common problem in some parts, especially in mountainous fields of Afghanistan, and causes specific diseases. One of the essential ways to prevent Iodine deficiency disease is to fortify edible salt with iodine. This research aims to find out how much iodine was in various brands of edible table salts sold at the retailer level in various Kabul shopping centers. This cross-sectional research was performed from 15 July to 15 August 2023. The iodometric titration method determined Iodine in salt samples—23 different brands. We have found 39% of selected samples that are not standard in amount of iodine content. Also, marked samples were found to be 17% without iodine, and 43% had a sufficient amount of iodine. Determination of iodine content in salt samples showed that more than 50% of the powdered samples don’t have adequate iodine content (15 ppm and above). That means advice on powdered salt use does not ensure the proper iodine intake.

Development of the formulation and technology of a new fish culinary product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish" enriched with iodine of kelp of the White Sea

Expanding the range of products based on the rational use of available fish resources is a current direction for the development of the food industry of the Russian Federation. Blue catfish, a little-used fishery item in the Northern Basin, was chosen as a raw material for the development of a fish culinary paste product. Blue catfish meat is significantly watered (up to 93 % of the total mass), as a result there are currently no technologies for deep processing of fish for food purposes. During the research, the technology of a new fish culinary product "Fish cream cheese from blue catfish, enriched with iodine from White Sea kelp" has been proposed in an assortment, and recipes have been developed, optimized in the MatLab program. The amino acid composition of blue catfish meat as well as indicators of the nutritional value of new products have been considered. The energy value of 100 g of product varies from 120 to 150 kcal, the mass fraction of protein is 8.5–11 %; fat – 9–13 %; carbohydrates – 2–2.5 %. The iodine content in a unit of consumer packaging of the product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" was experimentally established to be 340 mcg per 100 g; a 44 g serving of this product contains 100 % of the recommended daily intake of the micronutrient (150 mcg). The developed product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" can be classified as "enriched with iodine" when the amount of its daily consumption (25 g) is indicated on the consumer packaging.

Quantitative parameters of dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography for evaluating differentiation grade and lymphovascular and perineural invasion in colorectal adenocarcinoma

PurposeTo explore the predictive value of dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) quantitative parameters for determining differentiation grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) patients. MethodsA total of 106 eligible patients with CRAC were included in this study. Spectral parameters, including CT values at 40 and 100 keV, the effective atomic number (Zeff), the iodine concentration (IC), the slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit (HU) curve (λHU), and the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) in the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP), were compared according to the differentiation grade and the status of LVI and PNI. The diagnostic accuracies of the quantitative parameters with statistical significance were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. ResultsThere were 57 males and 49 females aged 43–86 (69 ± 10) years. The measured values of the spectral quantitative parameters of the CRAC were consistent within the observer (ICC range: 0.800–0.926). The 40 keV-AP, IC-AP, NIC-AP, 40 keV-VP, and IC-VP were significantly different among the different differentiation grades in the CRAC (P = 0.040, AUC = 0.673; P = 0.035, AUC = 0.684; P = 0.031, AUC = 0.639; P = 0.044, AUC = 0.663 and P = 0.035, AUC = 0.666, respectively). A statistically significant difference was observed in 40 keV-VP, 100 keV-VP, Zeff-VP, IC-VP, and λHU-VP between LVI-positive and LVI-negative patients (P = 0.003, AUC = 0.688; P = 0.015, AUC = 0.644; P = 0.001, AUC = 0.688; P = 0.001, AUC = 0.703 and P = 0.003, AUC = 0.677, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the values of the spectral parameters of the PNI state of patients with CRAC (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe quantitative parameters of SDCT had good diagnostic efficacy in differentiating between different grades and statuses of LVI in patients with CRAC; however, SDCT did not have value for identifying the state of PNI.

Functional product from combined raw materials of animal origin for gerodietetic nutrition

Food is an integral factor in ensuring the active life of older citizens. However, the range of meat products, including sausages for specialized nutrition, is extremely limited. In this regard, a technology of functionally oriented boiled sausage for gerodietetic nutrition "Gerodietetic functional" has been developed. The effectiveness of using a protein-fat emulsion containing a functional ingredient – iodine in the form of a complex compound β-cyclodextrin : iodine in the preparation of minced sausage has been proven. The functional and technological properties of combined minced meat, consisting of meat from productive animals and mechanically separated poultry meat with a protein-fat emulsion have been studied. The losses of microelements amounted to 12 % in key technological operations of meat product production have been studied. Based on the study of the iodine and protein content in the finished product, its functional orientation and characteristics as a product with high protein content have been established. Systematic consumption of "Gerodietetic functional" sausage will contribute to the health and longevity of older people.

Iodine enriched kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.)—The influence of heat treatments on its iodine content, basic composition and antioxidative properties

Iodine enriched kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.)—The influence of heat treatments on its iodine content, basic composition and antioxidative properties

Deep learning image reconstruction generates thinner slice iodine maps with improved image quality to increase diagnostic acceptance and lesion conspicuity: a prospective study on abdominal dual-energy CT

BackgroundTo assess the improvement of image quality and diagnostic acceptance of thinner slice iodine maps enabled by deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in abdominal dual-energy CT (DECT).MethodsThis study prospectively included 104 participants with 136 lesions. Four series of iodine maps were generated based on portal-venous scans of contrast-enhanced abdominal DECT: 5-mm and 1.25-mm using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (Asir-V) with 50% blending (AV-50), and 1.25-mm using DLIR with medium (DLIR-M), and high strength (DLIR-H). The iodine concentrations (IC) and their standard deviations of nine anatomical sites were measured, and the corresponding coefficient of variations (CV) were calculated. Noise-power-spectrum (NPS) and edge-rise-slope (ERS) were measured. Five radiologists rated image quality in terms of image noise, contrast, sharpness, texture, and small structure visibility, and evaluated overall diagnostic acceptability of images and lesion conspicuity.ResultsThe four reconstructions maintained the IC values unchanged in nine anatomical sites (all p > 0.999). Compared to 1.25-mm AV-50, 1.25-mm DLIR-M and DLIR-H significantly reduced CV values (all p < 0.001) and presented lower noise and noise peak (both p < 0.001). Compared to 5-mm AV-50, 1.25-mm images had higher ERS (all p < 0.001). The difference of the peak and average spatial frequency among the four reconstructions was relatively small but statistically significant (both p < 0.001). The 1.25-mm DLIR-M images were rated higher than the 5-mm and 1.25-mm AV-50 images for diagnostic acceptability and lesion conspicuity (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsDLIR may facilitate the thinner slice thickness iodine maps in abdominal DECT for improvement of image quality, diagnostic acceptability, and lesion conspicuity.

Quantitative parameter analysis of pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cervical lymph node characteristics and prediction of radiotherapy sensitivity

BackgroundTreatment efficacy may differ among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at similar tumor–node–metastasis stages. Moreover, end-of-treatment tumor regression is a reliable indicator of treatment sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate whether quantitative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) parameters could predict sensitivity to neck–lymph node radiotherapy in patients with NPC.MethodsOverall, 388 lymph nodes were collected from 98 patients with NPC who underwent pretreatment DECT. The patients were divided into complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) groups. Clinical characteristics and quantitative DECT parameters were compared between the groups, and the optimal predictive ability of each parameter was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated using univariate and binary logistic regression.ResultsDECT parameters were higher in the CR group than in the PR group. The iodine concentration (IC), normalized IC, Mix-0.6, spectral Hounsfield unit curve slope, effective atomic number, and virtual monoenergetic images were significantly different between the groups. The area under the ROC curve of the DECT parameters was 0.73–0.77. Based on the binary logistic regression, a column chart was constructed using 10 predictive factors, including age, sex, N stage, maximum lymph node diameter, arterial phase NIC, venous phase NIC, λHU and spectral Hounsfield units at 70 keV. The area under the ROC curve value of the constructed model was 0.813, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.6% and 81.3%, respectively.ConclusionQuantitative DECT parameters could effectively predict the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy. Therefore, DECT parameters and NPC clinical features can be combined to construct a nomogram with high predictive power and used as a clinical analytical tool.

Organic carbon as a factor of iodine differentiation of the soil cover in the Bryansk and Oryol regions by iodine availability

The distribution of stable iodine and humus in the upper horizon (0–20 cm) of various types of soils of the Bryansk and Oryol regions used as pastures has been studied. Soil sampling was carried out with a hand stick drill in layers in the depth interval: 0–5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10–20 cm. Iodine content was determined by kinetic rhodanide-nitrite method. Corg content was determined by the bichromate method of Tyurin. The work includes data from both long-term studies of the iodine content in the soil cover of the Bryansk region (2008–2020) and new data from expeditionary studies in the Oryol region (2022). It is shown that the soils of the Bryansk pastures are depleted of iodine and organic carbon (OC) in comparison with the Oryol region, which corresponds to the change of soil cover composition from west to east. The humus content in soils was determined and statistically significant correlation between iodine and C org. content in pasture soils were obtained (from r = 0.28 in Chernozems to r = 0.49 in Haplic Albeluvisols; in addition, for the whole sample (n = 48) the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.31 in the 0–5 cm layer to 0.43 in the 10–20 cm layer). The dependence of iodine accumulation on the OC content in different types of soils (Chernozems, Grey-Luvic Phaeozems, Umbric Albeluvisols, Haplic Albeluvisols) and their hydromorphism has been established. The identified differences in soil iodine fixation should be considered as they may influence iodine intake levels in pasture animal milk and local rations.

Evaluation of pancreatic iodine uptake and related influential factors in multiphase dual-energy CT.

To establish normative values and identify potential factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake using dual-energy CT (DECT). This retrospective study included participants without pancreatic diseases undergoing DECT at two institutions with different platforms. Their protocols both included arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP), and equilibrium phase (EP), defined as 35 s-40 s, 60 s-70 s, and 150 s-180 s after injection of contrast agent, respectively. Both iodine concentration (IC) and normalised IC (NIC) were measured. Demographic features, local measurements of the pancreas and visceral fat area (VFA) were considered as potential factors influencing iodine uptake using multivariate linear regression analyses. A total of 562 participants (median age 58 years [interquartile range: 47-67], with 282 men) were evaluated. The mean IC differed significantly between two institutions (all p < 0.001) across three contrast-enhanced phases, while the mean NIC showed no significant differences (all p > 0.05). The mean values of NIC were 0.22 at AP, 0.43 at PP and 0.45 at EP. NICAP was independently affected by VFA (β = 0.362, p < 0.001), smoking (β = -0.240, p = 0.001), and type-II diabetes (β = -0.449, p < 0.001); NICPP by VFA (β = -0.301, p = 0.017) and smoking (β = -0.291, p < 0.001); and NICEP by smoking (β = -0.154, p = 0.10) and alcohol consumption (β = -0.350, p < 0.001) with statistical power values over 0.81. NIC values were consistent across institutions. Abdominal obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes are independent factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake. This study has provided reference normative values, influential factors and effective normalisation methods of pancreatic iodine uptake in multiphase dual-energy CT for future studies in this area as a new biological marker. Evaluation of pancreatic iodine uptake measured by dual-energy CT is a promising method for future studies. Abdominal obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and sex are independent factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake. Utility of normalised iodine concentration is necessary to ensure the consistency across different institutions.

Initial Development of Lamota (Salicornia europae) Yogurt As a Functional Drink

Salicornia europae is a marine plant that grows in coastal areas and tides. In Sumbawa, this plant lives in the former area of ponds and usually called as lamota. S. europae contains beneficial ingredients such as iodine, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, unsaturated fatty acids, and sugars. Marine plant innovations in S. Europae, which is rich in iodine into processed yogurt, has not been well explored. This study aimed to develop the processing of lamota into functional yogurt drink. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment with a single factor of 6 levels of lamota concentration. Iodine content, ash content, pH and scoring test were carried out to find out the best quality of the lamota yogurt. The results showed that the iodine content of the product was 29.01 mcg / g dry weight and ash content was 10.59%. The pH showed that the addition of lamota minimally affected the pH of the yoghurt. In the organoleptic test found that 25% addition of lamota extract was the most preferrable concentration compared to 5, 10, 15, and 20% based on the color, taste, texture, aroma. Panelist describe the 25% lamota addition has greenish color, a little bit salty, watery texture, and green aroma. Based on the iodine content and the best consumers acceptance the yogurt with 25% addition of lamota could be categorized as a rich in iodine drink and a promising product to improve the functional characteristics of yogurt as well develop a value added local marine commodity with unique flavor.

Exploring the Correlation Between Varied Serum Iodine Nutritional Levels and Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies.

Iodine deficiency results in elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) concentrations, with high iodine Tg being more immunogenic than low iodine Tg. The study investigated the correlation between serum iodine concentration and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) levels across diverse iodine nutritional statuses as determined by urine iodine concentration (UIC). Demographic information was collected from 1,482 participants through a questionnaire. Blood and spot urine were collected to measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TgAb, thyroid anti-peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), serum iodine (SIC), serum non-protein-bound iodine (snPBI), urine iodine (UIC), creatinine (UCr). The median UIC and SIC were 146.5μg/L and 74.9μg/L, respectively. A linear relationship was observed between SIC, snPBI, and serum-protein-bound iodine (sPBI) (P < 0.001). The 90% reference intervals for SIC, snPBI, and sPBI were 50.7-120.7μg/L, 21.9-52.9μg/L, and 19.7-77.9μg/L, respectively. The prevalence of elevated TgAb levels was significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.001). Both low and high levels of snPBI and sPBI were associated with an increased risk of elevated TgAb levels. In women, the risk of positive TgAb in the group below the reference value of snPBI (OR = 2.079, 95%CI: 1.166, 3.705) and sPBI (OR = 2.578, 95%CI: 1.419, 4.684) was higher. In men, the risk of positive TgAb in the group below the reference value of SIC was higher (OR = 3.395, 95%CI: 1.286, 8.962). Iodine might exert an influence on TgAb levels through its binding to proteins, primarily Tg, thereby altering the iodine content of Tg. The interplay of gender factors further enhanced the risk of TgAb emergence.

Urinary iodine concentrations in preschoolers and cognitive development at 4 and 6 years of age, the Rhea mother-child cohort on Crete, Greece

BackgroundEvidence regarding child iodine intake and neurodevelopment is scarce. MethodsWe aimed to assess the impact of child iodine intake at 4 years of age on cognitive and motor development at 4 and 6 years among 304 children from the Rhea cohort on Crete, Greece. Child iodine intake was assessed via urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and adjusted for specific gravity. Child cognitive and motor development was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at 4 years of age and Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Finger Tapping Test (FTT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) at 6 years. Associations were explored using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses with UIC categorized according to WHO criteria [insufficient intake <100 µg/L, adequate 100–299 µg/L (reference group), excessive ≥300 µg/L]. ResultsThe children’s median UIC was 249 µg/L (25–75th percentile: 181–344 μg/L). Children with UIC <100 μg/L had lower scores in the motor scale at 4 years (MSCA-motor scale: B=-10.3; 95 %CI −19.9, −0.6; n=10) and in intelligence at 6 years (RCPM-total score: B=-3.6, 95 %CI −6.8, −0.5; n=9) than children in the reference group. No associations were found with the general cognitive scale at 4 years or with TMT and FTT scales at 6 years. Children with UIC ≥300 μg/L had lower cognitive scores both at 4 (MSCA; B= −3.5; 95 %CI −6.9, −0.1; n =101) and 6 years of age (RCPM-total score; B= −1.2; 95 %CI −2.3, −0.0; n =98) than children in the reference group. No associations were observed with the motor scale at 4 years or with TMT and FTT scales at 6 years. ConclusionOur findings indicate that both low and excessive iodine intake at preschool age may adversely affect child cognitive abilities. Additionally, low iodine intake may also impact motor abilities.

A national survey of iodine nutrition in children aged 3-6 years in China and its relationship with children's physical growth.

Iodine, an essential trace element for the human body, plays a pivotal role in sustaining health. Malnutrition has emerged as a pressing public health concern, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Iodine deficiency poses a substantial threat to the development of children, potentially leading to neurological developmental disorders and mental retardation. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can result in structural and functional abnormalities in the thyroid gland. In this study, we selected children aged 3-6 years through a stratified cluster sampling approach in six regions across China to explore the correlation between iodine nutrition and their physical growth. A total of 5920 preschool children participated in this study, with a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 177.33 [107.06, 269.92] μg/L. Among these children, 250 (4.2%) exhibited stunting, 180 (3.0%) were underweight, 198 (3.3%) experienced wasting, 787 (3.3%) were overweight and 414 (7.0%) were classified as obese. The multivariate linear regression revealed that UIC exhibited a positive correlation with body mass index z-Score (BMIZ) in overweight children (β = 0.038; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.075). In normally growing children, the associations between UIC and height-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score and BMIZ displayed nonlinear patterns. Our findings suggest that iodine nutrition is adequate for Chinese children aged 3-6 years. Furthermore, iodine nutrition is intricately linked to the growth and development of these children. Consequently, it is imperative to implement decisive measures to prevent both iodine deficiency and excess.