Crude Fiber Content Research Articles

Ethno Medicinal, Phyto-Chemical and Physico-chemical Characterization of Selected Endangered Medicinal Plants of Indravati National Park, Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India

Medicinal plants are beneficial for curing several ailments among traditional healers, indigenous people, local practitioners and forest dwellers. If harnessed, traditional knowledge of the ethnomedicinal plants can play a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. In many cases a single medicinal plant can be of multiple uses also, different plant parts of the same plant can be utilized for more than one disease condition. The Ethno-botanical, Phytochemical and physico-chemical characterization of five selected medicinal plants viz., Nyctanthes arbor – tristis, Andrographis paniculata, Cissus quadragularis, Plumbago zeylania and Costus specious is an essence and has been carried out to assess bioactive potential and to establish traditional belief in the light of scientific interpretation. Fresh leaves were collected from Indravati National Park, Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India, dried and powdered for phytochemical and Proximate, ultimate, and compositional analysis. Study revealed that the highest concentration of Ash Content (18.513%), Moisture Content (8.56%), Carbon content (48.77%), Hydrogen Content (24.490%), Nitrogen Content (23.860%) was observed to occur in Plumbago zeylanica leaf than other experimental plants. In Cissus quadrangularis, the percentage composition of fat content (0.230%), extractive content (1.05%), Lignin Content (5.53%) was higher than others. Fat content (0.230%), Moisture Content (8.56%), Vit. C content (64.63%) and Oxygen contents (36.655 %) were observed to be higher in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf than others. The concentrations of Crude Fibre (14.49 %), Moisture Content (8.56%), Protein content (12.16%), Carbon content (75.66 %), Cellulose content (47.63 %) were observed to be highest in Costus speciosus species than others. Carbon content (48.77%) and Hydrogen Content (24.490%) were higher in Andrographis paniculata than in others.

Formulation and Evaluation of Amaranthus dubius herbal gel

The medicinal plants find application in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural and food industry. The use of the medicinal herb for curing disease has been documented in history of all civilization. Plant contains active principles, which are responsible for curative action of the herbs. Amaranthus dubius (Amaranthaceae) is an important medicinal plant much used in ayurveda and other traditional medicines in many parts of the world. Amaranth really shines when it comes to skincare working to hydrate, detoxify soothe, improve elasticity and reduce wrinkles. The present study was carried out pharmacognostical screening, phytochemical and formuation of and evaluation of amarathus leaves. In the pharmacognostical screening Macroscopy, microscopy identified the characters of the leaf. Physical evaluation like ash value (Total ash, acid insoluble ash, extractive value (Pet ether soluable, chrloroform soluble and Ethanol soluble) and crude fiber content was performed. Formulation and evaluation of amarathus gel was performed.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Indian chili powder using physiochemical indicators coupled with multivariate analysis

Chili is an important spice prone to economically motivated adulteration. This study aimed at verifying regulatory compliance of chili powder available in the Indian market. A total of 123 samples from different regions of India were analyzed for specific quality and safety requirements laid down in Indian regulations like moisture, total ash, non-volatile ether extract (NVEE), crude fiber content, and added color. Non-compliance was seen in 43 % of branded samples, with 17 % exhibiting deviation in NVEE and 16 % testing positive for non-permitted Sudan dye. Amongst non-branded samples, 65 % were non-conforming and 51 % of samples were adulterated with Sudan dye. Principle component analysis was carried to understand the percentage variability of the target variable with respect to its principal components derived using feature variables. The total variance explained by the first two components was 88.13 % for selected brands and 88.36 % for source of origin. The results demonstrated that most of the violations were due to the presence of intentionally added coloring matter, therefore there should be an increased frequency of monitoring of Sudan dye in chili powder. The data generated in the present study can be used for estimating national prevalence of adulteration, risk assessments, and providing guidance to industry.

Combined Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Protease on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community during 50 Kg Soybean Meal Fermentation Simulating Actual Production Scale.

The improvement in the utilization rate and nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) represents a significant challenge in the feed industry. This study conducted a 50 kg SBM fermentation based on the 300 g small-scale fermentation of SBM in early laboratory research, to explore the combined effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid protease on fermentation quality, chemical composition, microbial population, and macromolecular protein degradation during fermentation and aerobic exposure of SBM in simulated actual production. The results demonstrated that the increase in crude protein content and reduction in crude fiber content were considerably more pronounced after fermentation for 30 days (d) and subsequent aerobic exposure, compared to 3 d. It is also noteworthy that the treated group exhibited a greater degree of macromolecular protein degradation relative to the control and 30 d of fermentation relative to 3 d. Furthermore, after 30 d of fermentation, adding LAB and protease significantly inhibited the growth of undesired microbes including coliform bacteria and aerobic bacteria. In the mixed group, the microbial diversity decreased significantly, and Firmicutes replaced Cyanobacteria for bacteria in both groups' fermentation.

Selected Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Fresh Fruit Bunches for Processing of Palm Oil

Data on engineering properties of palm fruits enable the design of machinery for optimal production of palm oil. Specific physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of fresh fruit bunches are examined in this study. Fresh palm fruit's selected mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics were determined using standard formulas and equations. One hundred fresh fruit bunch samples were used to ascertain the physical characteristics of the fruit bunches. While the chemical properties were ascertained using suggested standard equations and formulae, the fresh fruit bunches were tested for their strength properties under compression when loaded under an INSTRON Universal Testing Machine. Using the Microsoft Excel program, statistical analysis was performed on the collected data. The average length, breadth, thickness, geometric mean, sphericity, surface area, true mass, true volume and true density mean for palm fruits were 3.35±0.48 cm, 1.92±0.32 cm, 2.24±0.33 cm, 2.42±0.25 cm, 0.73±0.08 cm, 18.61±3.62 cm2, 7.99±1.81 g, 7.01±1.72 cm3, 1.17±0.24 g/cm3 respectively. The average static coefficient of frictions for palm fruits were 0.46±0.13, 0.64±0.18, 0.57±0.21 and 0.59±0.22 while the average angle of reposes was 24.48±6.08, 31.62±9.14, 29.26±6.80, and 29.91±9.11 on wood, mild steel, glass and stainless-steel surface respectively. The energy at break, force at break, deformation at break, strain at break, and stress at break for the palm fruits were 6.87±0.95 J, 2.22±0.80 kN, 14.58±3.02 mm, 0.36±0.08 mm/mm and 123.46±44.31 MPa respectively. The moisture, ash, fat, crude fibre, crude protein, and carbohydrate contents (proximate composition) of the palm fruits were 22.80±0.02%, 0.52±0.01%, 46.47±0.06%, 18.66±0.01%, 2.4±0.21%, and 9.14±0.30% respectively. The sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus and zinc contents of the palm fruits were 58.75±0.07 ppm, 94.20±0.14 ppm, 68.45±0.64 ppm, 5.21±0.00 ppm, 1.22±0.00 ppm, 1.60±0.00 ppm and 55.70±0.28 ppm respectively. This study has provided relevant information which will help engineers to develop a more efficient palm fruit extraction machines that will in turn increase the productivity and profitability of the farmers and food processors. These measured engineering properties of palm fruits help in development of palm fruit processing machines.

Phytochemicals Screening, Proximate composition and Antioxidants Analysis of Italian Citrus paradisi Fruits

Citrus paradise is a largely consumed fruit for nutrition and medicinal importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemicals, proximate, and antioxidants contents of Italian Citrus paradisi fruits. The phytochemicals screening and proximate analysis were performed using the methods of AOAC. Antioxidants contents and capacities of the extract were determined by DPPH and FRAP Assay. The grapefruits aqueous extract revealed the presence of various phytochemicals and contains significant (p < 0.05) amount of carbohydrates (89.36 %), moisture (74.80 %), lipids (4.56 %), protein (3.36 %), crude fiber (2.36 %), and ash content (0.83 %). The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in DPPH percentage inhibition of free radical scavenging activity and FRAP properties comparable to that of the standard, ascorbic acid. The grapefruits extract contains various phytochemicals, proximate nutrients, and exhibited free radical scavenging activity. The grapefruits have nutritional status, antioxidant properties, and medicinal importance.

Productivity and quality of different rabi fodder crops under kinnow mandarin based hortipasture system

A study was conducted for the assessment of productivity and nutritive quality of different rabi fodder crops under kinnow mandarin-based horti-pasture system. Among different rabi fodder crops, higher green fodder yield was produced by berseem followed by ryegrass and lucerne under partial shade of kinnow mandarin orchard. Green fodder yield of berseem was 12.83, 14.50, 37.23 and 79.17% higher as compared to ryegrass, lucerne, oat and mustard, respectively. Due to diversity in genetic makeup, parameters of analysis vary significantly in different rabi fodder crops. Ash content (14.03%), acid insoluble ash content (3.90%), crude fiber content (48.03%) and crude fat content (3.18%) was found highest under berseem, oat, mustard and ryegrass, respectively. Fat content in ryegrass was 2.47, 4.48, 17.67 and 13.25 times higher as compared to mustard, berseem, lucerne and oat, respectively. Crude protein content was highest in lucerne (32.73%) followed by berseem (25.11%). Similarly lucerne was superior fodder crop with respect to N, Zn and Cu concentrations. Though, P, K and Fe concentration in ryegrass fodder was found higher as compared to other fodder crops.

The biochemical composition of wild berries and fruits growing in the Southwestern Taimyr

This article presents research findings on the chemical composition of fruits and berries found in the Southwestern Taimyr region, including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtíllus), northern redcurrant (Ribes triste), blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), prickly wild rose (Rosa acicularis), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), almost-holarctic crowberry (Empetrum subholarcticum), Siberian rowan (Sorbus sibirica), and cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus). We revealed that rowan, blueberries, and prickly wild rose are particularly rich in crude fat. Additionally, prickly wild rose, and red currants were found to be high in crude fiber content, while bilberries, red currants, and cloudberries were dominant in crude protein. Potassium and calcium content were highest in prickly wild rose and rowan, while bilberries, red currants, and prickly wild rose had high sodium content. Moreover, crowberries and rowan berries were rich in phosphorus, and lingonberries, rowan berries, bilberries, and cloudberries were abundant in magnesium. Red currants, bilberries, and cloudberries had the highest total amino acid content, with essential amino acids being more prevalent than non-essential ones in redcurrant, bilberry, crowberry, and cloudberry samples. The content included high levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Overall, the fruits and berries in the Southwestern Taimyr region have significant biological value and could be effectively used in creating functional biologically active substances.

Proximate principles and total phenolic content of Melia dubia Cav. leaf varies across altitudinal gradients in South Gujarat

Five Melia dubia populations were identified through altitudinal gradient (12, 64, 253, 341 and 381 m msl) and four individuals from each population were selected following the selective sampling method through the subjective judgment of the observer. Leaf samples were collected in the winter season of 2020-21 from all the locations. Substantial variations (p <0.05) were recorded in proximate principles and the total phenolic contents in M. dubia leaf fodder along an altitudinal gradient. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and crude fibre (CF) content were significantly maximum at the highest altitude site (Dinbari; 381 m msl) with values of 10.14, 3.23 and 16.81%, respectively. The maximum ash content (15.68%) was recorded in leaf samples collected from Nanapondha (64 m). Conversely, the highest OM (87.53%) was recorded from Mahal (253 m). Acid in soluble ash was recorded maximum (1.27%) in Mulchond, located at 341 m altitude. Leaf nitrogen-free extract was highest (29.83%) at the lowest altitude (12.00 m), i.e., Navsari population and lowest (57.28%) at the highest altitude of Dinbari (381.00 m). Total phenolic content was maximum [102.28 GAE mg/g (10.22%)] in M. dubia leaf samples of the Navsari population, representing the lowest altitude. The study revealed that most of the proximate principles were higher for populations located at higher altitudes. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that among all the five populations, the Dinbari population was found to be more diverse in terms of proximate principles of leaf fodder than others that might be used for further selection and improvement.

Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs.

Nutrition plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome composition, although the impact of diet on the urinary microbiome (i.e., urobiome) remains unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to discover how nutritional features affect the diversity and composition of the urobiome in dogs. Dietary histories were obtained for 15 clinically healthy adult dogs, including limited nutrient (protein, fat, crude fiber), commercial diet brand, and dietary diversity profiles. The urine samples were collected via cystocentesis, followed by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The data were analyzed to determine associations between major nutrients and dietary sources with the urobiome's composition. The protein, fat, and crude fiber contents had no statistically significant effect on the alpha or beta diversity. However, the beta diversity values differed (PERMANOVA; p = 0.017, R2 = 0.10) between dogs fed one commercial diet brand compared to dogs consuming any other brand. The beta diversity values also differed (p = 0.019, R2 = 0.10) between dogs consuming more diverse daily diets compared to those consuming less diverse diets (≥3 or <3 unique food sources, respectively). Overall, the results of this pilot study suggest that diet might impact the urobiome and support further exploration of the relationship between diet and the urobiome's composition in dogs.

Effects of different cooking preparations on the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai &amp; Nagam (Tuhau)

Tuhau (Etlingera coccinea) is a traditional plant widely consumed in Southeast Asia due to its unique flavor and potential health benefits. However, the influence of various cooking preparations on its nutritional composition and antioxidant activities remains understudied. This research aimed to investigate the effect of different cooking methods on Tuhau, providing valuable insights for optimizing its preparation for enhanced health benefits. Tuhau rhizomes were purchased, sliced, and divided into six groups representing different cooking preparations: control, pickled, stir-fried, deep-fried, boiled, and blanched. Proximate analysis was conducted to determine the nutritional composition, including ash, protein, fat, moisture, crude fiber, and carbohydrate content. The antioxidant activities of the cooked Tuhau samples were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-ciocalteu method. Uncooked Tuhau samples were used as a control for comparison. The findings indicate that different cooking methods significantly influence the nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of Tuhau. Cooking processes, such as boiling and blanching, increased the moisture content, while stir-frying and deep-frying led to higher fat content. Moreover, deep-fried Tuhau exhibited the highest crude fiber content and TPC, which could contribute to its enhanced antioxidant activities. However, the weak correlation between antioxidant assays and total phenolic content suggests that other compounds may also contribute to the observed antioxidant properties of Tuhau. This study demonstrates that cooking preparations impact the nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of Tuhau. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the cooking methods of Tuhau to enhance its health benefits. Further research is warranted toexplore other nutritional compositions and the use of Tuhau as a food ingredient in a variety of food products.

Climate-smart hydroponic chamber for efficient green fodder production under resource deficit conditions of semi-arid region

The green fodder deficit is the biggest bottleneck for livestock productivity in semi-arid regions, especially for resource-poor farmers. Low-cost climate-smart hydroponic chamber (CSHC) based hydroponic fodder production provides a viable solution under such an environment. A CSHC equipped with a fan pad-based evaporative cooling system, controlled drip watering system and smart air exhaust system was designed and developed at ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, India with the aim of modifying the inside growth environment of the chamber for improved production of quality fodder. The developed CSHC was capable of maintaining daily average temperature and relative humidity in the range of 23-280C and 87-90%, respectively, with an average cooling efficiency of 78.3%. This efficient cooling was an outcome of specialized CSHC designed with an effective covering material (UV stabilized 200 µm LDPE), shade net with 70% shading efficiency, fan pad-based evaporative cooling system, controlled drip watering system, and smart air exhaust system; which enabled ambient environment conducive for optimum plant growth. Among the different treatment combinations of seed loading rates and soaking hours, the highest maize biomass yield of 2.58 kg/ft2 was achieved after seven days with a seed loading rate of 300 g/ft2 when the seed was soaked for 12 h. At the highest productivity of biomass, the values of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber contents were found as 13.51%, 13.71%, and 15.12% respectively. The benefit-cost ratio of the developed CSHC was 1.32 with a payback period of 3.12 years. The developed CSHC was found productive and profitable; hence, it can create a great impact in achieving feed security under resource deficit conditions of climate-change-affected semi-arid regions across the globe.

Effect of blanching conditions and solar drying on selected nutritional, anti-nutritional and bioactive components of formulated avocado seed powder

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) seeds are mainly considered as waste by-products of avocado fruit processing in many countries, including Tanzania despite their potential health and economic benefits. The present work investigated the effect of hot water blanching and solar drying treatments on nutritional, bioactive, and cyanogenic glycosides of avocado seed samples in an attempt to develop quality avocado seed powders (ASPs) by using solar drying technology. Results showed that total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, total phenolic, proanthocyanidins, and cyanogenic glycosides contents showed a significant reduction in avocado seed powders with respect to increased blanching temperature and time. On the other hand, crude fat and total carotenoids contents, showed a decline with respect to increased temperature only. Blanching treatment at 85 °C for 10 minutes retained a significant amount of total ash (86.9%), crude fat (100%), crude protein (78.8%), crude fiber (91.6%), total carotenoids (43.6%) and total phenol contents (47.0%) in developed avocado seed powder. Cyanogenic glycosides were highly reduced at 95 °C for 20 minutes (81.1%) than at 85 °C for 10 minutes (58.5%). However, the level of cyanogenic glycosides in all avocado seed powders are far below the lethal dose (36 mg/100 g) of hydrocyanic acid. The significant high losses of nutrients and phytochemicals was observed at a blanching treatment of 95 °C for 20 minutes. This could be due to prolonged leaching of soluble compounds to hot water and degradation of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds. The aforementioned results revealed that, different temperatures and times during hot water blanching significantly influence the quality of formulated avocado seed powder. Therefore, hot water blanching treatment at 85 °C for 10 minutes and solar drying technology could be employed to produce a nutrient-rich and palatable avocado seed powder that can find its use in normal food consumption and food processing industries, particularly in low income settings. Key words: Avocado seed, avocado seed powder, solar drying, hot water blanching, utilization

Dried Rice for Alternative Feed as a Waste Management Product for Sustainable Bioeconomy in Rice-Producing Countries

Dried rice, an organic waste recycling product, is made from dried rice leftovers. With a carbohydrate content nearly equivalent to corn but at a lower price, it has potential as an energy-generating feed, especially in poultry farming. The nutrient content and price of dried rice were evaluated to assess its efficiency for animal feed use. Dried rice samples from three areas in East Java, Indonesia, were analyzed for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber content. Additionally, this research assesses the effectiveness of dried rice as a corn substitute in broiler feed by observing its impact on feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and broiler performance index. Proximate analysis showed insignificant differences among treatments, with moisture content ranging 12.45–12.71%, ash content 0.55–1.31%, crude protein 10.34–10.64%, crude fat 0.12–2.48%, and crude fiber from 0.81 to 1.55%. Although all samples were assessed as efficient, products from Lumajang and Pasuruan were preferred for feed production due to their similarity to corn nutrient content. Dried rice costs approximately USD 213–228 per ton, significantly lower than corn. Dried rice production reduces both organic waste and poultry production costs concurrently, serving as a sustainable waste management model in Indonesia and other rice-producing countries, shifting towards a bioeconomy from a linear economy.

The Potential of Using Bisr Date Powder as a Novel Ingredient in Biscuits Made of Wheat Flour Only or Mixed with Barley.

An overproducing date fruit with limited industrial utilization leads to significant waste and losses, especially in the early stage of date maturity known as bisr. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of bisr date powder (BDP) at different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%) as a natural sweetener instead of sugar and barley flour as a source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals instead of wheat flour (50%) in biscuit production over storage periods of 7, 14, and 21 days. The analysis revealed that the bisr Al-Khalas powder sample had a moisture content of 11.84%, ash content of 2.30%, and crude fiber content of 10.20%. Additionally, it had a low protein (2.50%) and fat (0.77%) content, with total carbohydrates at 82.59%. The gradual substitution of bisr Al-Khalas in biscuit production resulted in an increased moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber, and iron content, as well as a decrease in total carbohydrate percentage. A chemical analysis of bisr Al-Khalas powder demonstrated high levels of antioxidants, with 248.49 mg gallic acid/g of phenolic compounds, 31.03 mg quercetin/g of flavonoids, and an antioxidant activity ranging from 42.30%, as shown by the DPPH test. The peroxide content was 0.009 mg equivalent/kg. Biscuit samples with different proportions of bisr Al-Khalas showed an improved resistance to oxidation compared to samples without bisr Al-Khalas, with increased resistance as the percentage of replacement increased during storage. Physical properties such as the diameter, height, and spread percentage, as well as organoleptic properties like color, flavor, aroma, and taste, were significantly enhanced with higher levels of bisr Al-Khalas in the mixture. Biscuit samples fortified with 100% pure bisr Al-Khalas powder were found to be less acceptable, while samples with a 25% substitution did not negatively impact sensory properties. In addition, acrylamide and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were not detected in bisr powder and biscuit samples prepared at different concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). In conclusion, the study suggests that bisr Al-Khalas powder, an underutilized waste product, has the potential to add value to commercial biscuit production due to its high nutritional value and extended storage period resulting from its potent antioxidant activity.

Spermacoce alata Aubl. Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibitory Effects of Acetylcholinesterase, α-Glucosidase and β-Lactamase.

Spermacoce alata Aubl. is widely available in the market as traditional Chinese medicine and animal feed, due to its properties of clearing heat and treating malaria and its high-protein and crude fiber content. In this study, the essential oil of S. alata was obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS and GC-FID methods were used to identify the chemical components and their relative abundance. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and the inhibitory effects of acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and β-lactamase were also evaluated. A total of 67 compounds were identified, with the major constituents being palmitic acid (30.74%), linoleic acid (16.13%), and phenylheptatriyne (8.07%). The essential oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50 > 10 mg/mL), while the IC50 value for the ABTS assay was 3.84 ± 2.12 mg/mL and the FRAP assay value was 87.22 ± 12.22 µM/g. Additionally, the essential oil showed moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 286.0 ± 79.04 μg/mL), significant anti-α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 174.7 ± 13.12 μg/mL), and potent anti-β-lactamase activity (IC50 = 37.56 ± 3.48 μg/mL). The results suggest that S. alata has the potential for application in pharmacology, warranting further exploration and investigation.

Nutritional Content and Acceptability of Vegetable Sausage as an Alternative Source of Protein and Fiber

Nutrition problems in Indonesia are still relatively high. SSGI results (2021) show that malnutrition is 17.1% and stunting is 24.4%. Lack of food consumption, especially protein, is one of the causes. Utilization of tofu dregs is still very low, as is banana blossom. Tofu dregs and banana blossoms have quite a high protein and fiber content. Tofu dregs and banana blossoms have the potential to become a high-nutrient food product that is suitable for consumption and has economic value. This research is a follow-up research from organoleptic tests, finding that vegetable sausages have organoleptic qualities that are no less than commercial sausages. This research aims to conduct laboratory tests for protein and fiber content and tests for the acceptability of vegetable sausages. This type of research is experimental, by design of two groups with control. Test acceptability with the method Visual Comstock by looking at leftovers. The acceptability test was conducted on 51 children in grades IV and V at SDN Pamitran-Cirebon who met the screening criteria. The treatment group consisted of 24 children, and the control group consisted of 27 children. Sample assignment was carried out randomly. Analysis of crude protein content using the IK-03/LAKP/SOP.10 method. Analysis of oil fiber content IK-13/LAKP/SOP.10. Analysis of the difference in receptivity test using the t-test of unpaired data. The research results showed that the protein content of vegetable sausages was (7.54%), slightly lower than commercial sausages (9.29%). The crude fiber content of vegetable sausages (3.48%) is higher than commercial sausages (2.10%). Vegetable sausages have the same acceptability as commercial sausages, with a good acceptability value of 100%. It has been proven that vegetable sausages can be used as an alternative food source of high protein and fiber at a relatively cheaper price.

Storage study on compositional analysis of quinoa and ragi based snacks

This research focuses on examining compositional changes in quinoa and ragi seed-based snack products (Khakhara, Mathari, Laddu, and Cookies) during storage, aiming to provide comprehensive insights into their nutritional stability. The study addresses parameters such as total ash, total moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, energy, crude fiber, iron, and calcium content. The background underscores the significance of understanding alterations in these snacks’ composition during storage, and the purpose is to assess their implications for nutritional value and quality. Methodologically, the investigation thoroughly analyzes the specified parameters over the storage period. The principal results reveal dynamic changes in total ash, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, energy, crude fiber, iron, and calcium content, shedding light on the evolving nature of these popular snacks during storage. This study contributes to the field by highlighting the need for strategies to enhance the shelf life and nutritional stability of quinoa and ragi-based snacks. The major conclusions drawn underscore the importance of further research to comprehend the driving factors behind these compositional changes. Acknowledging research limitations, the study recognizes the necessity for ongoing investigations to unravel underlying mechanisms. In terms of practical implications, the findings suggest a potential impact on the nutritional quality of these snacks, urging the development of strategies to mitigate such effects. Socially, the study’s insights into popular snack products contribute to broader discussions on food quality, nutrition, and health. In summary, this research advances our understanding of compositional changes in stored snacks and prompts further exploration for practical and societal advancements in the field.

COMPARISON OF PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND POLYPHENOLS IN BROSIMUM ALICASTRUM LEAF, FRUIT AND SEED

Ramon nut (B. alicastrum) is known to contain bioactive compounds and has been used for medicinal and food purposes for millennia. In the present study the objectives were to quantify and compare the proximal composition, phytochemical contents, in vitro antioxidant capacity and individual phenolic compounds in B. alicastrum leaf, fruit peel, seed and seed coat. Patterns were recognized using canonical discriminant analysis. After freeze-drying, proximate analyses were done. Phenolic compounds in the leaf, fruit peel, seed and seed coat of B. alicastrum were identified by HPLC-UV. Leaf had the highest ash, lipid and protein contents, seed coat had high crude fiber content and seeds high carbohydrates content. The highest (33.13 %) and lowest (4.77 %) yields of extraction (compounds) were obtained from the fruit peels and seed coat, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed abundant terpenes and tannins in leaf tissue, and abundant sterols in seed coat. Total phenolic content (TPC) was highest (P≤0.05) in seeds (19.74 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g) and total flavonoids content (TFC) was highest (P≤0.05) in leaves (16.62 mg quercetin equivalent QE/g). The highest DPPH antioxidant capacity was identified in seed coat and the highest reducing power (RP) in leaf and fruit peel. The HPLC analysis identified caffeic acid as the most abundant phenolic compound in leaves, gallic acid as the most abundant in seeds, chlorogenic acid in seed coat and 3-hydroxytyrosol in fruit peel. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effectively differentiated the samples by tissue. Proximal chemical composition and bioactive compounds contents differed between B. alicastrum tissues, but they all contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential, highlighting their potential applications in food and non-food systems. Key words: antioxidants; phytochemicals; plant-extracts; Ramón.

Studies on Seasonal Influence on Yield and Quality of Dolichos Bean Genotypes

Background: Dolichos bean [Dolichos lablab (Roxb.) (L) Var. typicus] is one of the most important leguminous vegetable crops cultivated in tropical plains of India. The mature and immature pods are rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. Most of the pole types of dolichos beans are photosensitive in nature, suited for growing in specific season like kharif and not productive when grown in summer season. Different cultivars of Dolichos bean require different seasons for getting maximum yield. With this background, studies on seasonal influence on growth and yield of dolichos bean genotypes were carried out. Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of season and genotypes in Dolichos bean. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and four replications. In this study, three genotypes of dolichos bean viz., CO 1, Dbp-3 and Dbp-4 were sown during kharif, rabi and winter seasons. Result: The main and interaction effects on genotypes and season of sowing had a significant influence on green pod yield, crude fibre, crude protein and total dry matter production. The genotype Dbp-3 sown during kharif season recorded the highest values for green pod yield (23.43 t.ha-1), crude protein (5.99%), dry matter production at various stages of growth (65.9, 254.3, 305.8, 359.2, 389.8 and 418.0 g.plant-1 at 30, 60,90,120,150,180 days after sowing respectively) and it was significantly different from all other treatments. The same treatment i.e., genotype Dbp-3 sown during kharif season was recorded the lowest amount of crude fibre content (1.53%).