Content Validity Ratio Research Articles

Effectiveness of Interventions on Habits Among University Staff in Southeastern Iran

Background: Health-promoting environments are a key focus of the Ottawa Strategic Charter, which aims to enhance health in the workplace and reduce unhealthy behaviors among employees. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health-promoting interventions on the habits of university staff in Southeastern Iran. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran. A total of 254 administrative staff from the University of Medical Sciences and Sistan & Balochistan University were selected using available randomized methods and divided into control and intervention groups. The study instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire, which demonstrated a content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.8, a Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.83 to 0.97, and an internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The questionnaire was distributed online via the Porsline platform. For the intervention, training sessions were conducted online, and the session files and training booklet were made available to intervention group staff through the university's education system. A post-test was administered one month after the pretest. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, with pretest results adjusted using chi-square and ANCOVA statistical tests. Results: The study found that the mean age of participants was 40.5 ± 7.4 years. Scores for employee knowledge, attitude, and behavior were 80.0 ± 16.4, 86.6 ± 22.8, and 80.8 ± 17.6, respectively. The most significant factors influencing attitudes were education (P < 0.001) and health status (P = 0.001). Type of employment (P = 0.025), work experience (P = 0.017), and health status (P = 0.037) were also significantly associated with behavior. After adjusting for pretest results, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of scores for knowledge, attitude, and behavior (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that employees with correct attitudes and healthy behaviors reported better health outcomes. Additionally, educational interventions effectively improved staff knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. To enhance health status, reduce employee disability, decrease absenteeism, and increase organizational productivity, it is recommended to plan and implement workplace health promotion programs focused on employees.

Developing an instrument to measure nursing students’ attitudes towards nurses during clinical practice: A quantitative study

AimThis study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine nursing students’ attitudes towards nurses during the clinical practice. BackgroundNurses affect the clinical practice process of nursing students and play an important role in the latter gaining experience. Evaluation of students’ attitudes towards nurses is a critical factor for the training of qualified nurses. DesignThis study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. MethodsThis study was conducted between February and March 2024 with 408 students studying in the nursing department of a university in Türkiye. The item pool of the scale was formed with 45 items through literature review and qualitative data analysis and presented to 21 experts. After the content validity, the draft scale consisting of 38 items was used as a data collection tool. Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Coefficient, Bartlett’s test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Varimax Factor Rotation Method, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were used to analyze the data. ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed 28 items and three sub-dimensions in the scale. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.902 for the cooperation and understanding sub-dimension, 0.925 for the communication skills and guidance sub-dimension, 0.723 for the support for professional development sub-dimension and 0.946 for the total scale. According to the confirmatory factor analysis fit index results of the scale, RMSEA value was 0.054 and χ2/df value was 2.189. As a result of the analysis conducted to determine the test-retest reliability, it was determined that all items and factor scores showed significant relationships between the two applications (p<0.001). ConclusionsThe scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine nursing students’ attitudes towards nurses during the clinical practice.

Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV (EQUALI-HPV)

IntroductionPeople with human papiloma virus (HPV) struggle with numerous challenges and needs in physical, and psychological aspects of quality of life related to this virus. Several studies have recommended counseling interventions to improve the quality of life for these individuals. There is also a need for standardized and normalized instruments in Iran to evaluate the effect of educational and therapeutic interventions on the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted in gynecological cancer clinics in Kerman and Mashhad to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the “Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV”.MethodsThis study cross-sectional study included 580 women infected with HPV referred to Kerman and Mashhad’s gynecologic cancer clinics. The samples were selected using convenience sampling method in 2023. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity were assessed using explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsThe results of the content validity assessment, which included the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), indicated strong content validity. Additionally, qualitatively confirmed face validity, further supports these findings. The results of the EFA revealed that the Persian version of the EQUALI-HPV questionnaire has a 6-factor structure, with 34 items remaining from the 54 items. These 6 factors accounted for 48.9% of the variance and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and using robust root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.054), comparative fit index (CFI = 0.928), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI = 0.920). The content validity results showed that all the items had a good validity ratio and index. Cronbach’s alpha and Raykov’s rho were greater than 0.7 for all dimensions.ConclusionThe results showed that the Persian version of the “Quality of Life Questionnaire for Women Infected with HPV” had acceptable validity and reliability and can be utilized to measure the quality of life of these people and conduct psychological studies.

Evaluation of Problem Based Gamification Learning (PBGL) Model on Critical Thinking Ability with Artificial Intelligence Approach Integrated with ChatGPT API: An Experimental Study

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Problem Based Gamification Learning (PBGL) model integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) through ChatGPT API in improving participants' critical thinking skills. The study used an experimental design with two groups, namely control and experimental, each consisting of 120 students (240 in total) from two countries (Timor Leste and Indonesia) studying basic Python programming. The main issues were complex system integration with ChatGPT API, technical challenges in AI implementation for automated feedback, and maintaining test consistency and fairness. Results showed the experimental group had a significant improvement in critical thinking skills, with an average score improvement of 23.57 points compared to 9.04 points in the control group, showing a mean difference of 14.53 points. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) testing showed good content validity with CVR values &gt; 0.75 for all items. Construct Validity (CV) testing confirmed the instrument measured the desired construct with significant correlation coefficients. Test-retest Reliability testing showed excellent reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.960. The findings confirm that the integration of AI in gamified learning can provide automatic feedback and additional relevant information, improving critical thinking and motivation of participants. The contribution of the research is the development and testing of an AI-supported PBGL model, which can serve as a reference in digital learning curriculum design and improve critical thinking skills. Practical implications show that the integration of AI in learning enriches the material and provides flexibility to participants and teachers. Overcoming the technical challenges and adaptability of AI models will be key to increasing the effectiveness of PBGL in various educational contexts in the future. This research provides new insights in the development of more effective and adaptive learning methods in the digital era.

Evaluating information management system in epidemic infectious diseases in Iran

Health information management is a vital and constructive component of the health system, refers to the process of producing and collecting, organising and storing, analysing, disseminating and using information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the information management system in epidemic infectious diseases in Iran, specifically focusing on the registration, reporting, quality, confidentiality, and security of infectious disease data. This assessment was conducted from the perspective of policymakers and experts responsible for data registration and reporting. After examining the processes of registering and reporting infectious disease data and interviewing experts, a researcher-designed questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the infectious disease information management system. To assess the content validity of the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio Index, a questionnaire was utilized. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. By employing purposeful sampling and adhering to the inclusion criteria, 150 participants were included in the study. Questionnaires were distributed via email, WhatsApp, or Telegram to employees at various levels of Iran's health and treatment systems who were responsible for registering and reporting infectious disease data. The study encompassed 100 participants who successfully concluded the research. The results highlight that the key strength of healthcare data registration lies in its ability to "depict the epidemic curve during outbreaks of infectious diseases." Conversely, a notable weakness was the "insufficient collaboration from non-academic sectors (e.g., clinics, private laboratories) in registering and reporting infectious diseases. The present study's findings suggest that the issue lies not in the framework itself, but rather in the execution and functionality of the strategies. We can cultivate a repository of reliable and beneficial data by incorporating initiatives like training programs, enforcing regulations with consequences for inadequate data documentation, offering both material and motivational rewards, and streamlining all data collection and reporting systems.

Determining the minimum data set of geriatric assessment at the Iran primary health care referral system: shifting from fragmentation to integration care for older people

BackgroundGeriatric assessment (GA) is a multidimensional process that disrupts the primary health care (PHC) referral system. Accessing consistent data is central to the provision of integrated geriatric care across multiple healthcare settings. However, due to poor-quality data and documentation of GA, developing an agreed minimum data set (MDS) is required. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a GA-MDS in the PHC referral system to improve data quality, data exchange, and continuum of care to address the multifaceted necessities of older people.MethodsIn our study, the items to be included within GA-MDS were determined in a three-stepwise process. First, an exploratory literature search was done to determine the related items. Then, we used a two-round Delphi survey to obtain an agreement view on items to be contained within GA-MDS. Finally, the validity of the GA-MDS content was evaluated.ResultsSixty specialists from different health geriatric care disciplines scored data items. After, the Delphi phase from the 230 selected items, 35 items were removed by calculating the content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and other statistical measures. Finally, GA-MDS was prepared with 195 items and four sections including administrative data, clinical, physiological, and psychological assessments.ConclusionsThe development of GA-MDS can serve as a platform to inform the geriatric referral system, standardize the GA process, and streamline their referral to specialized levels of care. We hope GA-MDS supports clinicians, researchers, and policymakers by providing aggregated data to inform medical practice and enhance patient-centered outcomes.

Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool for Measuring Innovative Thinking in STEM Students

The researcher conducted this study to develop and validate an instrument, an assessment tool for measuring innovative thinking in STEM students of Hilongos National Vocational School, Hilongos, Leyte, in 2024. It was done in three phases: (1) Construct Specification and Item Creation, (2) Content Validation and (3) Internal Consistency Assessment. Figure 1 shows the overview of the instrument development and validation process adopted from Bazhan et al.,. (2023) with modifications. As to content validity, the expert panel members evaluated the 150 items based on the four-point scale. Then, CVI for each item was calculated. Items are retained if they have a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.60 or higher and a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.80 or higher, while items are eliminated if they fall below either criterion, with a CVR of less than 0.60 or a CVI of less than 0.80. The remaining items were revised to experts’ recommendations in terms of the consistency of statements’ verb tenses and the points of view utilized. As to internal consistency, it revealed that the reliability of the five constructs is greater than 0.90, indicating that the reliability is acceptable. This implies that all items demonstrated a valid internal consistency. Cronbach’s α between 0.8 to 1 shows good reliability, between 0.6 to 0.79 indicates the reliability is acceptable, and less than 0.6 indicates poor reliability. The developed questionnaire for measuring innovative thinking in STEM students exhibited strong reliability and content validity. The instrument effectively captured the core dimensions of innovative thinking, such as observing, questioning, experimenting, idea networking, and associating. The factor analysis results supported the instrument's underlying structure, and Cronbach's alpha values indicated high internal consistency. These findings suggest that the questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing innovative thinking in STEM students.

Urdu translation, cross-cultural validation and reliability of ECOS-16 questionnaire among post-menopausal women with osteopenia.

Escala de Calidad de vida Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) was originally developed in Spanish to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in post-menopausal women (PMW) with osteoporosis or osteopenia based on the osteoporosis-specific QoL instruments. ECOS-16 has been translated into several languages, but the Urdu version is not yet available. To translate the ECOS-16 Questionnaire into Urdu and determine its validity and reliability in PMW with osteopenia. This was a linguistic validity and reliability study. ECOS-16 was translated into Urdu using Beaton's guidelines. Content validity was examined using Waltz's four-point ordinal scale. Twenty osteopenia-afflicted PMW aged 48-70 underwent pilot testing for face validity. Discriminant validity was determined by an independent T-test between PMW women with and without osteopenia. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The factor analysis was used to describe the factors. Each question's content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.83-1.00, while the scale's S-CVR was 0.96. Each question's Likert scale content validity index (CVI) was 0.91-0.93, while the scale's S-CVI was 0.91. Significant discriminant validity was found between groups in weeks I and II (p-value < 0.001). A correlation coefficient of 0.89 and 0.96 (p-value < 0.001) between Urdu ECOS-16 total score and SF-36 and EQ-5D scores suggests convergent validity. One component explained 83.86% of Urdu ECOS-16's variance in factor analysis. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.990, 95% CI, 0.985-0.994, p-value < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha for standardized items was 0.995. ECOS-16 translated in Urdu is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess QoL in PMW with osteopenia. It has a simple and easy language that can be understood easily by the Urdu-speaking population.

Reliability and validity assessment of instrument to measure sustainability practices at shipping ports in India

Sustainability has emerged as one of the most critical factors influencing the competitiveness of maritime shipping ports. This emergence has led to a surge in research publications on port sustainability-related topics. However, despite the increasing awareness and adoption of sustainability practices, documented literature on empirical studies with survey and interview data is very limited. Moreover, the existence of validated instruments to objectively assess sustainability through sustainability practices for shipping ports in India needs to be traced. This study contributes by validating an instrument to evaluate objectively sustainability practices in shipping ports by adopting a four-stage process, starting with item identification based on an extensive literature review, instrument evaluation by subject matter experts, assessing of the instrument with suitable content validation indices, and finally evaluating the validity and reliability of the hypothesized theoretical model. For content validation, Content Validity Index, Cohens Kappa coefficient, and Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio were computed with the assessment by a subject matter expert panel comprising six members from the port industry as well as academicians cum researchers in the field of shipping ports. The content-validated instrument was administered to 200 samples comprising officer category port employees. The measurement model was evaluated and validated using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess the extent to which the measured variables represent the theoretical construct of the study and ascertain the factor structure. The empirically validated instrument met the required guidelines of model fit, reliability, and construct validity measures and was found to be a confirmed model for measuring sustainability practices in shipping ports. Structural Equation Modeling methodology was adopted to explain the variance and the path relationship between the higher-order and lower-order constructs of sustainability. The results indicate that the economic dimensions are the major contributors to the overall sustainability of the port as they drive investments in environmental and social dimensions, leading to overall sustainable development. The study’s findings will be helpful for researchers, academicians, policymakers, and industry practitioners working towards sustainability practices that contribute to sustainable growth and development in the shipping industry.

Validity and reliability of the Depression Information Needs Scale among the Iranian general population.

The prevalence of depression in the community is high. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the information needs on depression in the community. This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression Information Needs Scale (DINS) among the general population. The translation and assessment of the validity and reliability of the DINS were conducted from February 2022 to May 2023 in Gonabad, Iran. The inclusion criteria in this study were individuals 18 years or older, those living in Gonabad for 1 year or more, and participants who provided written informed consent. Sample sizes of 546 and 629 were used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. The reliability of the DINS was examined using three methods: McDonald's omega coefficient, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Most participants were women, had a bachelor's degree, and were married. The values of 0.959 for scale content validity index averaging (S-CVI/Ave) and 0.817 for content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. In the EFA section, four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted and explained 63.861% of the variance. Only two items were not placed in related or acceptable factors and were deleted. Finally, based on the results of the goodness-of-fit indexes (e.g., RMSEA = 0.074, CFI = 0.944, NFI = 0.930, and GFI = 0.911), the scale was approved with 18 items and 4 factors: lived experience (4 items), general (facts about depression) (6 items), research and policies (4 items), and specific treatments (4 items). For all the DINS items, the McDonald's omega coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were 0.953, 0.950, and 0.957, respectively. The Persian version of the DINS was validated with 18 items and 4 factors, and this scale can be used to assess depression information needs in the general public and specific groups.

Development and Content Validity of Cervicogenic Headache Patient Questionnaire: New Tool for Assessing Severity and Impact.

Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a complicated and common headache disorder that may present itself with cervical spine dysfunction, irritation of the nerves, central sensitization, and muscular tension. Theoretically, this diagnosis should be an exclusionary diagnosis, considering the fact that it requires extended clinical assessment of the cervical spine and an evaluation for other primary headache types. CGH represents a clinical challenge as they habitually present with an array of nonspecific manifestations highly variable among patients. Management of CGHs is properly based on accurate diagnosis and sound understanding of the complaints of the individual. The development of CGH still carries with it a palpable gap in meaningful literature related to really effective assessment tools for the condition. The aim of the current study was to develop and investigate the validity of the content of the Cervicogenic Headache Patient Questionnaire. This questionnaire is designed especially to measure pain intensity, its impact on daily activities, disturbance in sleep, and the overall quality of life in subjects with CGHs. The content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) have been used to thoroughly examine the content validity. Each item was rated by 10 experts for relevance and clarity. The scale consists of two main parts: demographic information and symptoms. Under the demographic section, the patient is asked for their age, sex, occupation, and any relevant medical history. The Symptom Checklist contains 10 questions concerning headache frequency, intensity, duration, location, and contributing factors, as well as how headaches affect daily activities, sleep, and quality of life. Item-CVI scores ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, and Scale-CVI/Ave was 0.95, which indicates strong overall content validity. The Scale-CVI/Universal Agreement was 0.83, meaning that most items are of high relevance. The clarity assessments resulted in I-CVI ratings of 1.00 for the majority of items. Using CVR analysis, items 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 10 all had a CVR of 1.00, whereas all the rest ranged from 0.40 to 0.80, suggesting unanimous agreement among the experts. Theresults underline the strength of the questionnaire in covering all the critical dimensions of cervicogenic headaches, such as pain, daily functioning, sleep, and quality of life. The scores provided by experts for content validity and clarity were high; hence, it is suitable for use as a comprehensive tool both in clinical and research applications.

Development of a Scale to Assess Cancer Attitude in the Community

The aim of this study was to develop the Cancer Attitude Scale (CAS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study was conducted in a mixed-methods study. The preliminary version of the CAS was created by developing an item pool, and qualitative interviews. The items' content validity ratio was calculated to assess content validity. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest methods were used to determine the reliability of the scale. The Cancer Information Burden Scale was used to evaluate the convergent validity of the scale. Three hundred twenty-five healthy individuals selected by convenience sampling method were included in this study. The CAS sub-dimensions were determined as cancer diagnosis, cancer prevention, stigmatization of individuals with cancer, and personal empowerment after cancer. The content validity of the 22-item scale was 0.94 and four factors explaining 56% of the variance. The model fit indices were χ2/df = 1.968, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.085, and GFI = 0.904. . Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability coefficients of the total scale are 0.76 and 0.936, respectively. The CAS and Cancer Information Overload Scale showed acceptable convergent validity (r = 0.435, P < .001). The Cancer Attitude Scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be applied to assess the attitudes of individuals in the community toward cancer in a multidimensional way. Nurses play crucial roles in society, including enhancing cancer awareness, delivering counseling services, and providing health education. Cancer nursing should plan cancer awareness training in line with individuals' attitudes toward cancer and encourage positive attitudes that increase participation in screening programs.

Postintensive care syndrome: Development and psychometric validation of a knowledge test.

Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is a combination of short-, medium-and long-term morbidities that occur in patients discharged from the Intensive care unit (ICU). ICU professionals have a crucial role in managing and understanding the PICS. This study aimed to develop the PICS Knowledge Test (PICS-KT), which measures ICU professionals'awareness and knowledge levels regarding PICS, and to determine its validity and reliability. The databases were searched in detail, scientific research related to PICS was analyzed, and the draft scale was created accordingly. A total of 117 doctors and nurses who had been working in the ICU for at least 6 months were included in the study. For the validity and reliability analysis of the test, content validity ratio, item difficulty index, item discrimination index values and Cronbach α were examined. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient for the 46-item PICS-KT is 0.93, indicating high reliability. Scores range from 0 to 46, with 32 or higher considered successful, suggesting adequate knowledge of PICS among ICU professionals. Scores of 14 or less indicate minimal knowledge. Those with scores between 14 and 32 possess some knowledge but need improvement. PICS-KT assesses knowledge in four main areas: general information, risk factors/causes, symptoms and findingsand interventions. ICU professionals show high awareness of interventions for preventing and treating PICS, as indicated by a high mean score in the interventions subdimension. The PICS-KT is crucial in assessing healthcare professionals'understanding of the various short-, medium-and long-term morbidities associated with PICS. The study ensures that the test is a robust and dependable instrument for evaluating ICU professionals'knowledge about PICS.

A method for rapid assessment of visual ergonomics and lighting conditions (RAVEL): An in-depth development and psychometrics study.

In workplaces heavily reliant on visual tasks, various factors can significantly influence an individual's performance, necessitating the use of reliable tools to identify and mitigate these factors. This study aimed to develop a swift assessment method for visual ergonomics and lighting conditions, evaluating its validity in real-world scenarios. The questionnaire's content validity was determined by a panel of experts using the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and latent class analysis (LCA). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The RAVEL index, derived from the calculated effect coefficients of items, classified total scores through receiver operator curves (ROCs). The rapid assessment method, comprising two parts with 30 items, demonstrated acceptable reliability with CVR, CVI, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) at 0.75, 0.87, and 0.896, respectively. The EFA on the first part's 22 items identified three factors, confirmed by CFA. The LCA on the second part's eight items revealed that a two-class model best fit the data, with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) = 24249, 17, Akaik information criterion (AIC) = 2179.89, and an entropy R-squared of 0.83, indicating appropriate subject classification based on the model. The RAVEL score was categorized into three levels, with optimal cut points of 55 and 63. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that this method based on visual ergonomics serves as a rapid and reliable tool for assessing visual ergonomic risks of display users in the workplace.

Midwifery assessment and interventions protocol for adolescent pregnancy: a Delphi method approach

Background: Adolescence pregnancy poses risks for both mothers and infants, often due to insufficient prenatal care resulting from societal stigmatization and lack of awareness. Around 16 million adolescents aged 15-19 years in the world give birth each year; in Indonesia, the first pregnant women aged &lt;20 years are 45.10%, while in West Sumatra, it is 33.7%. To address this issue, integrated programs and midwifery care have been implemented. However, providing such care to adolescent mothers comes with its own set of challenges.Purpose: This study aims to conduct a midwifery assessment and intervention protocol for adolescent pregnancy.Method: Qualitative approach The Delphi method involved two rounds of evaluation, with twenty-one participants who were independent practice midwives, six midwives involved in the mother and child health program, and nine midwifery lecturers from accredited educational institutions A (excellent). Participants had at least five years of clinical experience and were selected using purposive non-probability sampling. Participants evaluated statements related to midwifery care during the Delphi process. The validity of these statements was determined by participants providing a minimum score of 3, and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated. Statements with a CVR greater than 0.8 were considered valid.Results: Based on expert consensus, important assessments for adolescent pregnant women include addressing issues of gender equality and domestic violence, reproductive and sexual health, risks associated with smoking and substance abuse, maintaining a healthy pregnancy, and adequately preparing for labor and parenthood.Conclusion: Midwifery management and midwifery information were deemed valid dimensions of midwifery care; relational care had one invalid item.

수정 델파이 기법을 활용한 문화복지 활성화를 위한 공립미술관 설립 및 운영 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to establish a strategy for establishing and operating a public art museum to revitalize cultural welfare, and to provide basic data for establishing a basic plan necessary for establishing and operating a public art museum. A panel of 14 experts in the field of cultural welfare was selected, and a modified Delphi survey was conducted three times from July 1 to September 27, 2023. The collected data were analyzed for content validity ratio (CVR), mean, standard deviation, interquartile range, convergence, agreement, and coefficient of variation for each sub-element item. The factors and discussion points derived from the analysis results are as follows. First, in establishing the role and vision of public art museums, Local government must seek to strengthen local culture, promote citizen participation and foster creators, create cultural value, and seek to establish the art museum brand and identity. Second, when establishing a public art museum, the location should be selected to reflect citizen participation and needs, promote integrated artistic expression with the artistic value of the space and works, and be harmonious with the surrounding landscape and appropriately located in a place with historical significance. Third, in operating public art museums, efforts should be made to develop museum-specific content and research through continuous development of content that reflects local cultural characteristics, ensure efficient budget and operation, and provide citizens with opportunities to participate in cultural life for all generations and classes. Opportunities for participation must be strengthened, professional operation and independence must be guaranteed, and environmentally friendly and sustainable operations must be achieved. Fourth, in order to enjoy cultural rights and bridge cultural gaps, provide opportunities for the unique works of local artists to be exhibited, establish a support program for local artists to contribute to revitalizing the local art ecosystem, and promote the growth of the local community by realizing education through culture. In addition, through the integration of culture and education, we must build an art museum as a space open to all citizens and all cultures and take the lead in inclusive operation to realize the universality of culture by removing social barriers. Through this study, the policy implication was made to keep in mind that discussions between each group are the beginning of the establishment of a public art museum from the beginning of establishing a basic plan for the establishment of a public art museum, and the establishment and operation of a public art museum to revitalize cultural welfare through the 15 items derived from this study. It provides implications of the study, which provides basic data for the plan.

Developing the teledentistry acceptance survey for dentists – TAS-D: a Delphi study

IntroductionThe increasing interest in teledentistry since the COVID-19 pandemic warrants an evaluation of dentists’ willingness to adopt it. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess dentist’s intention to use teledentistry and the associated factors.MethodsA literature search was used to identify items for the questionnaire. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) was adopted as framework. A Delphi panel was constituted of researchers with relevant publications and the International Association of Dental Research e-Oral Health Network members. Three Delphi consultations were conducted to establish consensus on items. Consensus was set at 80% agreement and content validity ratio (CVR), reaffirmed iteratively.ResultsNineteen out of 25 (76%) invited experts participated in the first round, 17 in the second and 15 in the third. The preliminary questionnaire had 81 items in three sections, reduced to 66, 45 and 33 items in the first, second and third rounds. After revision, the final version comprised eight items assessing dentists’ backgrounds in Sect. 1, seven items identifying teledentistry uses in Sect. 2, and 17 items assessing intention to use teledentistry and its determinants in seven dimensions in Sect. 3. The initial CVR was 0.45, which increased to 0.80 at the end of the third round.ConclusionA survey tool was developed to assess the acceptance of teledentistry, and its determinants based on the UTAUT2 framework through consensus among teledentistry experts. The tool had excellent validity and needs further evaluation of its psychometric properties.

Design and Psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of Diabetic Patients in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Background: The sudden emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worldwide has led to numerous problems for patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetics, due to the lack of required information to deal with the disease. The present research aims to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present methodological study aimed to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire. The face and content validity were assessed through both quantitative and qualitative studies. For the quantitative study, 100 diabetic patients were randomly selected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the internal consistency method by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: The original version of the questionnaire was designed with 82 items and the final version with 56 items (awareness [32 items] and self-care performance [24 items]) with seven areas, including disease characteristics, prevention ways, ways of disease transmission, disease symptoms, disease risk factors, diet, and care methods. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.97, the content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.93, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, showing the appropriate validity and reliability of this questionnaire. Conclusion: The Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of diabetic patients in the COVID-19 pandemic possesses the required validity and reliability to evaluate the knowledge level of diabetic patients in infectious pandemics, such as COVID-19, and it has the applicability to be used in similar conditions. It is suggested that the questionnaire’s construct validity be measured to enhance the content validity.

Development and validation of a virtual learning management system usability questionnaire: A case study.

The post-pandemic era has seen a surge in the popularity of Virtual Learning Management Systems (VLMS). However, there is a noticeable lack of tools to measure the usability of these systems. As technology evolves, user needs change, necessitating updated tools for system evaluation. This study aims to develop and validate a VLMS usability questionnaire, specifically designed to assess the usability of a university learning management system. The VLMS usability tool was systematically developed based on relevant domains identified in existing literature and expert opinions. It was then tested for face validity, content validity, and reliability. In a case study, the tool was distributed among 200 students from a Medical Sciences university who had used the Navid VLMS system. Semi-structured interviews with experts were analyzed using directed content analysis, resulting in 21 items categorized into four domains: effectiveness, reliability, learnability, and security. The content validity index and ratio were 0.939 and 0.976, respectively. The Intra Class Correlation (ICC) estimates for each section of the questionnaire ranged from 0.8-0.9, indicating high reliability. Cronbach's alpha was 0.97, suggesting excellent internal consistency. The case study results showed that the Navid platform achieved an average usability score of 70.36, with a standard deviation of 10.6, indicating moderate to high usability. The VLMS usability tool is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the usability of the Navid learning management system. It can be used to improve the usability of the Navid system and serve as a benchmark for assessing the usability of other similar VLMSs.

The Content Validity of an Instrument That Measures Health-Seeking Behavior for Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV in India.

Determinants of health-seeking behavior among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are important. This study aims to develop and assess the content validity of an instrument that measures health-seeking behavior for tuberculosis among PLHIV in India. An instrument was developed using deductive methods and the Modified Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services (BMHS). We identified three domains using the BMHS. Ten subject experts validated the tool between June 2022 and August 2022. Lawshe's Content Validity Ratios (CVRs) and Scale Content Validity Indices (CVIs) were computed. The items with CVR and CVI values ≥0.62 were considered for the final tool. The health-seeking behavior among PLHIV, based on the BMHS, identified knowledge regarding TB (domain 1), healthcare accessibility and factors leading to delay in treatment-seeking behavior (domain 2), and client satisfaction regarding diagnostic and treatment-seeking behavior (domain 3). Content Validity Ratios (CVRs) of all the items related to domains 1 and 2 were ≥0.62. The Scale Content Validity Indices (for relevance), i.e., S-CVI (average) and S-CVI (proportional relevance), were ≥0.62 for all domains. The items with CVR and CVI values ≥0.62 in the domains were accepted in the final tool, which contained 69 items.