Viewpoint Of Content Research Articles

The category of legal obligation in the judicial practice of the ECtHR

It is indicated that the category of duty, as opposed to the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen in the context of studying the content of the Convention and its interpretation in the practice of the ECtHR, has not yet become the subject of a comprehensive study. That is why we believe that the study of the understanding of the obligation in the content of the Convention and the corresponding practice of the ECtHR will be of urgent importance for legal science. The activity of the European Court of Human Rights on the application and interpretation of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is increasingly gaining importance, particularly in the aspect of interpreting certain legal phenomena. The reason for this trend is the fact that the norms of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are formulated extremely comprehensively from a content point of view, so their meaning in all the variety of content manifestations is revealed precisely in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The interpretative activity of the ECtHR is also of great importance for ensuring the principle of legal certainty. It is the interpretation of legal norms that allows the subject of law to understand their essence, purpose and purpose, as well as to correctly use such norms in certain legal situations. In addition, the interpretative activity of the Strasbourg Court is a tool for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of convention norms and the level of protection of the legal rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. And although the practice of the ECtHR does not provide us with definitions of legal obligation, it almost does not indicate its signs, however, responding to the dynamic development of social life, the ECtHR comes to more and more relevant interpretations of the studied concept. A clear example of this is the ECtHR’s chosen approach to the interpretation of the state’s obligations in the field of human rights, which provides for ever wider variations, without singling out exclusively negative or positive obligations. In addition, from the content of the Convention, we identified the concept of «ordinary civic duties» and gave them a description based on the judgments of the ECtHR. Finally, we emphasized the use in the practice of the ECtHR of the concept of «obligation of due diligence», which has not yet been properly developed in domestic science, but plays an important role in the doctrine of obligations.

Complexity Theory Approach to Innovation Ecosystems

Purpose: By nowadays, in addition to the innovation systems definitions, the research area of innovation ecosystems operation is also developing significantly. The aim of the research is to examine how the concept of the innovation ecosystem and the conceptual scope of complexity theory are related. Theoretical reference: The paper gives an overview of development of innovation ecosystems literature, and also introduces summary of general systems theory. The authors point out that the joint discussion of the two areas are very rare in the related research works. There are few examples of referring Complex Adaptive Systems as potential approach for innovation ecosystems, but detailed theoretical analysis of the topic is limited. Method: The paper analyses the relationship and possible overlap of fields of innovation ecosystems and complexity theory by evaluation of findings of content analysis and a keyword-based method. As part of the methodology presented, the research of the theme is carried out from two aspects. First, based on review-type and theoretical works, a content analysis was made to define specific key feature word sets in both innovation ecosystems and complex theory areas. Then, based on these keyword set, validation was executed based on abstracts of selected papers in order to define possible relations of the two fields. Results and Conclusion: As a result of the research, authors draw conclusions about the relationship between the definition of innovation ecosystems and complexity theory. Both the joint keywords and the non-relevant words have been pointed out. The authors concluded that there is apparent theoretical relation of the two areas from content point of view, based on analysis of relevant scientific papers. Implications of research: The outcomes of the research fundamentally influence the treatment of innovation ecosystems, which has been traditionally assumed linear, deterministic and controllable behaviour. Introducing the potential of complex systems allow opening new aspects to manage such challenges of innovation ecosystems which could not been handled in the usual way. Originality/value: The joint discussion of the topic of innovation ecosystems and complex systems theory is rather rare in the related scientific works. The novelty of the current paper is the systematic approach defined for this analysis purpose and way of validation of the pre-defined keyword set through abstracts of relevant papers. The present research addressed the preliminary discussion of the given research question, further research and analysis can be made based on larger-scale paper base.

Luigi Donato Ventura, a Trilingual Self-translator

Luigi Donato Ventura, a Trilingual Self-translator

РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДА ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРТОГОНАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К ЛИНЕЙНОЙ РЕГРЕССИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ НА ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ

The work is devoted to the development of linear regression models under conditions of multicollinearity of regressors. In this case, the modifications of the orthogonalization method proposed in this article are used, based on the fact that in paired regression, the residual from the regression is not correlated with the dependent variable. The methods under consideration make it possible to reduce the degree of multicollinearity of regressors, and to predict the values of an endogenous variable, use the most appropriate regressors from a content point of view, regardless of the degree of their correlation.

An analysis of botanical studies of vascular plants from Italian wetlands

Wetlands are essential for life on Earth, but at the same time the most threatened environments due to the gradual alterations associated with climate change and human action. The botanical studies on wetland higher plants carried out in Italy from 1950 until today are analysed in this survey. The 1,265 contributions resulting from this study are analysed from a historical, geographical, and content point of view. Most of the scientific contributions were published in the 1980s and 1990s, often by the same research groups and on a local scale. The predominant research theme is the inventory. Most papers are mainly focused on lakes and rivers. The results of this literature survey point to the need to continue and intensify these studies, especially in southern Italy and in temporary wetlands. It is essential to make the huge amount of data resting in drawers or included in scientific reports but not published in scientific journals readily accessible. This could also be achieved through online geographical databases.

The Organisation of Formal Education of Fencing Coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic

The paper deals with formal educational programmes for fencing coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic. Based on a content analysis of mainly curricular documents, we were able to identify and describe similarities and differences in approaches to coach education. They were apparent primarily on the legislative, organisational and content level. The research shows that the road to coaching excellence takes a different length of time in different countries. It is even in sharp contrast to formal licence education of some fencing federations when it comes to a bachelor study programme. Differences were also found in the approach towards the organisation of practical training. The more traditionally designed education of coaches in Hungary and the Czech Republic differed from the education in Great Britain from a philosophical and content point of view, specifically in topics such as the application of soft skills and setting, planning and assessment of goals in coaches´ practice.

E-learning and development of key competencies: a bibliometric study

The electronic-learning education model (e-learning) articulates technology-mediated learning using different tools and methodologies. Based on this idea, the present study aims at reviewing the impact of e-learning on the development of key competencies from a bibliometric and content point of view. To this end, we analyze the scientific production related to studies where this model is used to develop competencies, and reflect on the benefits of flexible and open environments. More specifically, we have analysed 255 papers available in the Scopus index, restricting the sample to texts published within the last decade. The results show that the scientific production about e-learning has increased in recent years (especially in Spain and the United States), usually in co-authorship and with a limited impact on the number of citations. Most studies are connected to higher education, where this sort of educational actions are much more common. Finally, the content analysis has allowed to identify different linked concepts, as well as the potential of e-learning for the development of competencies such as critical thinking and communicative skills. Conversely, its adequacy for the development of social competencies is often criticized.

NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMATIC NATURE OF POETIC LANGUAGE

The article considers a new method of analysis of the poetic text and defines the property of the language of poetry to influence the human consciousness, including on the basis of hypnotic language patterns and sensory predicates. The poetic neuro-linguistic power of poetic speech is also described. The theoretical and practical significance of neuro-linguistic program research is considered. In the content point of view, the classification of the program neuro-linguistic prisoners and read their poems goal. factors of influence of poetry on the listener from the neuro-linguistic point of view are revealed. The main differences between the neuro-linguistic direction and others are highlighted and translated into the property of influencing the content of communication in the process of communication between people. The interrelation of psychological actions, such as speech and thinking, memory, psycholinguistic and communicative features of poetic language, their influence on the psychology of communicants are considered. The scientific conclusions of scientists about the magical and neuro-linguistic power of poetic language are considered.

Qu’est-ce que les professionnels dévoilent d’eux-mêmes dans la relation thérapeutique avec les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie ?

IntroductionHealth professionals’ self-disclosure is a common practice, but there is still controversy regarding when it is appropriate, what the extent and content of self-disclosure should be, and what the clinical consequences are. ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to investigate self-disclosure in health and social-care professionals. MethodThirteen in-depth interviews with group leaders of an intervention to improve pleasure and motivation in schizophrenia. The interviews were subjected to thematic analysis. ResultsProfessionals describe their personal disclosures as authentic sharing of lived experiences. From a content point of view, professionals select simple events from their personal or professional life, which they find easy to share with patients, in a group. The selection criteria for these experiences mainly concern the therapeutic value and are formulated in terms of relevance of the content and the usefulness envisioned for the patient as well as authenticity. Self-disclosure generates a redefinition of the places in interaction and a more egalitarian relationship. ConclusionSelf-disclosure is found to be a tool for developing and maintaining the therapeutic relationship. Further studies of the phenomenon would be useful to design training and supervision for professionals.

Effectiveness of the EBRD Strategies in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries

The given research is devoted to studying the experience of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the EBRD) in term of developing a roadmap of its strategic plan in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Space. The aim of the article is to consider the results the EBRD investment activity in the Republics of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and in the Russian Federation, to indentify the specific nature of the bank financing strategies of projects in each particular country. The objectives of the article are to consider the investment projects in the EAEU countries from the content point of view, to compare them in terms of implementation conditions, duration, capital investment and volumes of financing, to analyze the effectiveness of ongoing projects, to identify ineffective activities in order to adjust the EBRD strategic plans. Methodology. The research is carried out within the institutional approach, the theory of collective action and the concept of political opportunities. Results. The EBRD projects are categorized in terms of bank activities, a comparative analysis of projects of the same type in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Space was conducted. Conclusion. Studying the experience of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in the field of investment projects that implement the Bank’s strategies for the development of "green economy", energy conservation, quality of corporate governance and road infrastructure shows that the scope of activity of traditional banking institutions and their interests are expanding to global institutional projects taking into account the objective circumstances of the modern stage of development of the countries of operations.

Supporting cybersecurity education and training via LMS integration: CyLMS

Cybersecurity education and training are being conducted on an ever-increasing scale, as most organizations need to improve their readiness in dealing with the more and more frequent cyberattacks. However, most systems used for such education and training purposes are built from scratch, are highly customized, and often proprietary. This is true especially for complex activities that include hands-on practice, such as Capture The Flag (CTF) competitions and realistic cyber range training. Moreover, the specificities of these platforms create an important overhead, both for instructors, who need to develop training content and learn how to use them, and also for trainees, who need to each time adjust to a different platform. In this paper, we present our approach of integrating cybersecurity training activities, both for technical and awareness training, with Learning Management Systems (LMSs). In particular, our system—named CyLMS—provides integration from content point of view with most LMSs through the use of the SCORM format for packaging the training content. Moreover, additional CyLMS modules make possible a tighter integration with the Moodle LMS, a widely-used e-learning platform, for tasks such as automatic activity management and hands-on environment access. In this way, both instructors and trainees benefit from standard interfaces for checking the training content, answering questions, managing the results, etc. The paper includes an evaluation of CyLMS from a functionality, user and performance perspectives that demonstrates its applicability to actual training activities. While so far we have only used CyLMS in the cybersecurity context, the platform is sufficiently generic to be applied to other education activities, as a learning content management tool that facilitates training content creation and sharing.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

The pronounced globalization changes and the high degree of digitization are everyday in the modern work that cause changes in the operation of enterprises, regardless of the size and type of activity it performs. In this regard, the Internet as an informative medium is a part of everyday life, and the adoption of a certain decision for the future business activity is related to the consideration of various social media Social media is a powerful communication medium, but also a tool for sharing information about the business. Through social media, businesses have the opportunity to follow the latest trends, opportunities and analysis and actively participate in the business environment where customers are present and interconnected. Social networking is part of the day-to-day operation of enterprises. Small businesses are increasingly using social media as a marketing tool to improve customer relationships. From the content point of view, the paper will explain the characteristics of social media, the differences between traditional and social media as marketing tools and the factors that contribute to the increased use of social media in everyday work. The subject of this paper's research is focused on perceiving the importance and influence of social media on the development of small enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia. For this purpose, practical research has been conducted. The conducted analysis of the environment and the results of the conducted research confirm the established hypotheses that social media represent a real need for all enterprises and entrepreneurs need education to gain knowledge about the opportunities offered by social media. On the basis of the obtained results from the conducted research will be given suggestions and directions in order to efficiently exploit the possibilities of social media and improve the performance of enterprises in order to adjust the contemporary processes.

Study on Key Audit Matters—Take the Case of Fuyao Glass

The content of audit information has always been a major issue in the field of audit research. However, most of the studies did not specify the information content of the standard unqualified audit opinion.At the end of 2016, following the international trend, MOF approved the issuance of 12 guidelines such as No. 1504 - Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Audit Report. The implementation of this new CSA No. 1504 standard has, to some extent, improved the poorness of the original audit information. This article explores the audit information content under the new guidelines through case studies. From the content point of view, the new guidelines improve the audit information content and enhance the transparency of audit information.

Cataloguing, a necessary evil: critical aspects of RDA

The Toolkit designed by the RDA Steering Committee makes Resource Description and Access available on the web, together with other useful documents (workflows, mappings, etc.). Reading, learning and memorizing are interconnected, and a working tool should make these activities faster and easier to perform. Some issues arise while verifying the real easiness of use and learning of the tool. The practical and formal requirements for a cataloguing code include plain language, ease of memorisation, clarity of instructions, familiarity for users, predictability and reproducibility of solutions, and general usability. From a formal point of view, the RDA text does not appear to be conceived for an uninterrupted reading, but just for reading of few paragraphs for temporary catalographic needs. From a content point of view, having a syndetic view of the description of a resource is rather difficult: catalographic details are scattered and their re-organization is not easy. The visualisation and logical organisation in the Toolkit could be improved: the table of contents occupies a sizable portion of the screen and resizing or hiding it is not easy; the indentation leaves little space to the words; inhomogeneous font styles (italic and bold) and poor contrast between background and text colours make reading not easy; simultaneous visualization of two or more parts of the text is not allowed; and Toolkit’s icons are less intuitive than expected. In the conclusion, some suggestions on how to improve the Toolkit’s aspects and usability are provided.

Big Data Analytics for Emergency Communication Networks: A Survey

Disaster management is a crucial and urgent research issue. Emergency communication networks (ECNs) provide fundamental functions for disaster management, because communication service is generally unavailable due to large-scale damage and restrictions in communication services. Considering the features of a disaster (e.g., limited resources and dynamic changing of environment), it is always a key problem to use limited resources effectively to provide the best communication services. Big data analytics in the disaster area provides possible solutions to understand the situations happening in disaster areas, so that limited resources can be optimally deployed based on the analysis results. In this paper, we survey existing ECNs and big data analytics from both the content and the spatial points of view. From the content point of view, we survey existing data mining and analysis techniques, and further survey and analyze applications and the possibilities to enhance ECNs. From the spatial point of view, we survey and discuss the most popular methods and further discuss the possibility to enhance ECNs. Finally, we highlight the remaining challenging problems after a systematic survey and studies of the possibilities.

The Concept of "Interest" in the Philosophical and Political Legal Thought of Enlightenment Period

This article discusses the basic directions of development of the concept of in the philosophical and political and legal opinions of the thinkers of the Enlightenment in Western Europe, covering the 17th-18th centuries that have passed a long evolutionary path that originated various interpretations and concepts. Theoretical prerequisites of the doctrine of interest, having emerged in the ancient philosophy, got some development during the Renaissance, in particular in the works of N. Machiavelli, who proclaimed the primacy of the public interest over private interests. The Enlightenment formed a whole galaxy of major thinkers, philosophers, politicians, scientists, who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of general philosophical and political legal opinion on human nature and society. The life and work of educators passed in the historical period of exacerbation of contradictions of feudal monarchical absolutism, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the formation and development of industrial production that caused the need for scientific and technical knowledge, as well as in social philosophy. The public and philosophical thought of the time was characterized by rationalism, free thought and the struggle against clericalism and adoption of materialistic ideas. In the political legal sphere the ideas of equality and freedom prevailed. The author emphasizes the views of T. Gobbs, F.-M. A. Voltaire, D. Diderot, J.-J. Roussaeu, C. A. Helvetius P.-H. d'Holbach and I. Kant about the nature of interests, their role in social development, the ratio of private and public interests in a fair state. The conducted analysis shows that the interest having a biological origin and social nature, is based on the needs of individuals and society, and from the content point of view is characterized by moral-psychological, aesthetic, spiritual, political, economic, legal and other aspects. Interest is not always a strong imperative, but evident in individual cases as a driving force for action in both the individual and the state and reflects the variety of forms and types of social interaction in the triad individual-society-state.

Special Issue on Advances in Modeling Rock Engineering Problems

This special issue of the International Journal of Geomechanics contains contributions on advances in rock mechanics, rock slope stability, and tunneling. The broad topic selected for this special issue needed additional focus. This was done by selecting authors within the worldwide rockmechanics community and asking them to provide their latest advancement in modeling engineering problems. The guest editors believe that this goal was achieved, and that some insights and discussion may be stimulated after reading the authors’ work. This special issue includes nine papers and can be divided into three sections from the content point of view. The first section includes three papers devoted to the fundamental aspects in rock mechanics, such as the calibration of advanced constitutive models and the impact of individual textural features on rock strength and fracture mechanics. The topic of geomechanical characterization of shear zones and cataclastic rocks, represented as a bimrock (block-in-matrix rock), is also covered in a specific paper. The attention thenmoves directly to numerical modeling and to twomethods that are currently receiving growing interest: the new advances of the boundary element method (BEM) and the potential of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). While the BEM is described in view of possible applications to underground excavations, the FDEM is shown to play an important role in the study of processes that involve fracture propagation in the rock mass. These aspects are broadly covered in the second section. Examples in numerical modeling of engineering problems constitute the third group of papers. The interest moves from tunneling to rock slope stability. This includes time dependency and damage aspects in tunneling, whereas the potential of the FDEM is shown with reference to the stability of a high rock cut. In closing, the guest editors wish to thank all the authors for their effort and their patience in accepting the time consuming review process, and ASCE for publishing this stimulating special issue.

A Context and Content Reflection on Business-IT Alignment Research

In this paper, the authors present the results of a recently performed literature analysis on the topic of Business-IT Alignment. They have thereby investigated 270 articles from the period 1993-2011 in a structured way. The articles were selected on the basis of three well-known ranking lists of publications in the Information Systems research domain. In the authors’ analysis they distinguish a context and a content point of view. The former one focuses on metadata analysis of the articles under consideration whereas the latter one uses text mining techniques to dive into the articles´ body of content. Finally, they discuss their results and present conceivable future research directions that should be tackled by alignment researchers and conclude their paper.

Compression Processing and Load Compression of Young Scots Pine and Birch Trees in Thinnings for Bioenergy

In many boreal countries forest biomass from dense young stands has great potential to meet growing demands for bioenergy. However, there is currently no cost-effective operational system for harvesting such stands. When harvesting, it would be desirable to compress trees and leave some of the foliage and fine branches in the stand in order to reduce extraction of nutrients and improve the harvested material’s fuel properties from a reduced ash content point of view. The objectives were to evaluate experimental systems (a boom-tip mounted unit for processing bunches, and a small prototype forwarder for compressing loads) in terms of their utility for compressing and partially debranching fresh and stored bunches of Scots pine trees and compressing forwarder loads of fresh Scots pine and birch trees. Processing of fresh bunches resulted in mass losses of about 10% (dbh-class 5–8 cm; not significant) to 15% (dbh-class 12–15 cm; significant) with 35 to 50% reductions in ash contents and increases in bulk and net energy density of about 80 to 160%. In-stand storage of bunches before processing generally yielded no significant advantages except for a 10%-unit reduction in moisture content. Compression of forwarder loads resulted in 16 (pine) to 32% (birch) increases in load densities, with a significant increase for birch trees. The described techniques facilitate productivity increases of off-road and road transport of tree parts, and a substantial proportion of the ash-rich materials such as needles and fine branches are left in the stand. If both tested techniques are applied during the harvesting of young trees the benefits would be substantial.

Der Unterricht im Fach „Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie” an den Hochschulen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach Änderung der Approbationsordnung für Ärzte

The new licensing regulations for physicians introduced in 2002 place core competencies in the field of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy at the centre of medical training and have been considered to constitute a favourable opportunity for psychosocial faculties. To date, no data have been published concerning the consequences of these new regulations. All 34 chairs of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy currently held by professors were surveyed by means of a written questionnaire at the beginning of the year 2006, regarding the present teaching situation and changes occurring through the introduction of the new regulations, as well as particular problem areas and respective solutions and suggestions. The rate of return for the questionnaires was 100 %. The consequences of the new regulations were rated predominantly positively. From a content point of view, classes continue to be more heavily weighted in cognitive areas and less so in areas of clinical practice; demands for an emphasis on affective learning objectives hence appear to have not been adequately met thus far. The newly established course formats (cross-sectional areas, obligatory optional courses, tutorials) also appear to have been employed to a rather limited degree. In addition to a lack of resources, the co-ordination with other specialist areas as well as the adequate assessment of teaching content poses a particular problem. The field of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy constitutes an important engine for the didactic and content-related advancement of the medical curriculum in Germany. Nevertheless, the opportunities which the new licensing regulations for physicians offer to psychosocial faculties have not yet been entirely made use of. Surveyed individuals consider nationwide agreement concerning learning objectives, an exchange of experiences regarding the efficient and creative use of available resources and the development of suitable assessment methodologies, to be tasks to be urgently undertaken.