Content Of Women Research Articles

The role of mitochondria in premature ovarian failure: A review

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is used to describe women under 40 years old with amenorrhea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility as a result of cessation of ovarian function. It has been reported that almost 20% of women who consult for infertility have signs of premature ovarian ageing. The mitochondrial disorder is one of the critical agents in premature menopause and the occurrence of POF. Due to the maternal inheritance of POF along with the dependence of folliculogenesis upon the mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, it has been suggested that a generalized mitochondrial defect is likely involved in POF. A fuller understanding of the mitochondrial role in POF could contribute to the better management of women with POF in the future. The aim of this review was to illustrate the role of mitochondria in POF. The oocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in women with diminished ovarian reserve is significantly lower than in women with normal ovarian reserve. It has been evidenced that mitochondrial genetic disorders and mitochondrial oxidative stress are associated with POF. According to the maternal inheritance of mtDNA, genetic testing should be performed to detect mtDNA mutations involved in POF before starting treatment strategies. If these mutations are present, it could suggest that healthy mitochondrial transfer during ART should be used to prevent the transmission of POF caused by mtDNA mutation to the female offspring. Future strategies aimed at treatment of POF-related infertility should take into account the significance of the oocyte mitochondrial role in the occurrence of this disorder.

تحریر دلالة مصطلح الخمار والجلباب الواردة فی القرآن والسنة

يهدف البحث إلى بيان دلالة مصطلح الخمار والجلباب من المعاجم اللغوية، ولغة العرب، والتعمق في کتب التفسير، والحديث، والفقه، وبناء على ذلک نستطيع معرفة الحکم الشرعي للبس المرأة للخمار، والجلباب. وقد اتبعت المنهج الاستقرائي، فاستقصيت ما تيسر لي من کتب اللغة، والتفسير، وشروح الحديث، فيما يخص الخمار والجلباب، وکذلک اتبعت المنهج التحليلي من خلال تحليل تلک النصوص، والتدقيق فيها للوصول إلى تصور وحکم صحيحين. وخلص البحث إلى عدد من النتائج منها: أن الحقيقة اللغوية للخمار: کل ما ستر شيئا وغطاه, وأن الحقيقة العرفية للخمار: لا يشف، يستر شعر رأس المرأة. وأن الحقيقة الشرعية للخمار: ثوب لا يشف، يستر شعر رأس المرأة، وعنقها، وفتحة الصدر، وأن الخمار فرض، وتغطي المرأة به العنق وفتحة الصدر إضافة إلى تغطية الأصل؛ وهو شعر الرأس, وأن لبس الخمار بالصفة المذکورة: واجب شرعا. وتوصي الدراسة بالتوسع في تحرير مضمون المصطلحات الخاصة بالمرأة لمعرفة حقيقة بناء الحکم الفقهي. Indication of the woman cover and cloth as provided in the Holy Quran and Sunnah Yaser Ajeel Jassem AL-Nashmi Department of Jurisprudence Principles , faculty of Islamic Sharia, Kuwait University , kaifan, Kuwait. Yaser.alnashmi@ku.edu.kw E-mail: Abstract: The aim of the research is to examine the indication of the term woman cover and cloth according to definitions from the language dictionaries, the Arabic language, and to investigates deeper into the books of interpretation, hadith, and jurisprudence, and accordingly we can know the Islamic ruling of women's dress for woman cover, and jilbab. I followed the inductive approach, exploring the language books, interpretation, and commentary of the hadith, with regard to the woman cover and the cloth, as well as the analytical approach through investigating those texts and scrutinizing them to achieve a correct perception and sharia ruling. The research reached to with several conclusions, including that the linguistic meaning of woman cover: a thing that that cover all, and that the customary truth of woman cover: 'a dress that does not heal, covers the hair of the woman's head'. The legitimate truth of the woman cover is an in-de-transparent dress, covering the hair of the woman's head, neck and chest opening, and that the woman cover is obligatory, and the woman covers the neck and the opening of the chest in addition to covering the origin-which is the hair of the head- and that wearing the woman cover according to the former characteristic, is a duty of law. The study recommends further investigation on the content of women's terminology to establish the sharia rulings Keywords: Woman cover, Cloth, Qur'an, Sunnah, Indication.

Lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content in women’s blood during the third trimester of uncomplicated and complicated gestation

Lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content in women’s blood during the third trimester of uncomplicated and complicated gestation

Russian Women’s Magazines and Women’s Reading in the 18th Century: Focused on “The Monthly Mode, or Library for Ladies’ Room”

본 연구는 근대 러시아 여성잡지와 여성독자, 나아가 여성필자/작가 형성이 관련성을 조명하고 그 다층적 국면을 검토하고자 기획되었다. 이러한 연구의 첫 단계로서 본고에서는 18세기 러시아에서 여성독자를 탄생시키고 여성문학을 형성한 주요한 문화적 장치로서 여성잡지에 주목하고, 잡지에 게재된 작품들의 독해를 통해 당대 여성의 독서 목록과 내용을 탐색함으로써 독자로서의 여성의 탄생 과정의 일면을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 1779년 러시아 최초로 여성독자를 대상으로 하여 출간되 노비코프의 여성잡지 월간유행, 부인용 문고(Модное ежемесячное издание, или Библиотека для дамского туалета) 에 주목하고자 한다. 그의 잡지는 발간 당시 여성독자들 가운데 선풍적인 인기를 끌거나 잡지문학사에 큰 족적을 남기지는 못하였으나 이후 여성잡지 출간의 붐을 일으키는 역할을 담당했다. 또한 노비코프는 누구보다도 먼저 여성을 진지한 독자로 인식했다는 점에서 근대 여성의 독서문화를 탐색하기 위해서는 그의 잡지로부터 연구를 시작하는 것이 마땅하다. 이를 위해 본론 2장에서는 근대 러시아 여성매체가 여성의 독서에 어떻게 관계하였는지를 알아보기 위해 먼저 여성잡지의 등장을 가능하게 했던 당대 러시아의 사회문화적 배경을 살펴보고, 3장에서는 노비코프의 잡지에 수록된 텍스트를 독해하고 작품 목록과 내용을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 4장에서는 러시아 여성잡지가 여성독자들의 문학적 취향을 주조한 내용을 정리하고, 노비코프 잡지가 지니는 한계와 의미를 탐색하며 글을 마무리 하였다.This study was designed to shed light on the relevance of modern Russian women’s magazines and the formation of female readers and women’s writers and to examine its dimensions. As the first step in this study, this paper aims to pay attention to women’s magazines as a major cultural device that gave birth to female readers and formed women’s literature in Russia in the 18th century. It also seeks to explore the reading lists and contents of women’s daily reading through the reading comprehension of works published in magazines, thereby taking a look at a glimpse of the process of women’s birth as readers. To this end, this paper focuses on the women’s magazine The Monthly Mode, or Library for Ladies’ Room, published in 1779 by N. I. Novikov, which was first published for female readers in Russia. The magazine was published from January to December 1779, first in Petersburg, then in Moscow from the May issue, a total of 12. Novikov, above all, was convinced that literature and media play the first role in education, wanted to enlighten the masses, consider their spiritual maturity as his mission, and produce a journal that could be read by all classes in need of enlightenment. In this context, the publication of a women’s magazine in 1779 is the result of Novikov’s efforts to provide reading for women. Actually his magazine was not popular among female readers at the time of its publication, but it later played a role in creating a boom for women’s magazine publication. Given that Novikov recognized women as serious readers before anyone else, it is fair to start studying in his magazine to explore modern women’s reading culture. Therefore in Chapter 2 of this paper, we look at the social and cultural background of Russia of the time, which enabled the emergence of women’s magazines first to find out how modern Russian women’s media were involved in women’s reading. In Chapter 3 we read the text contained in Novikov’s magazine and analyze the list and contents of the works. Finally, in Chapter 4, We look at how Russian women’s magazines developed literary tastes for female readers in the late 18th century, and reflect on the limitations and meaning of Novikov’s magazine.

Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Content in Women’s Blood During II Trimester of Gestation

Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Content in Women’s Blood During II Trimester of Gestation

Invisible Forces: How Contextual Receptiveness to Women Shapes Women’s Representation in the US House

ABSTRACTRecent political events, ranging from the 2016 presidential election to the “Women’s March on Washington,” have brought women’s interests and their representation in the political process to the forefront. Political representation, however, is a complex and nuanced process, and legislator time and energy are finite resources. Which contextual factors and personal characteristics then make legislators decide to focus their representational activity on one group of constituents rather than another? Looking at floor speeches for the 111th through the 113th Congress, this study argues that while the extent and content of women’s representation in the US House are fundamentally dependent on the gender and partisanship of legislators, the precise effect and interaction of gender and partisanship are shaped and conditioned by contextual factors, specifically a political environment of receptiveness to women in positions of political power. This has implications both for researchers trying to understand women’s political representation as well as for citizens and political elites engaging in the process of representation.

STRATEGI KOSMONITA MALANG UNTUK MENGOPTIMALISASI KONTEN PROGRAM PEREMPUAN DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN POSITIONING SEBAGAI RADIO BERSEGMEN PEREMPUAN

Abstract This study aims to optimize the content of women's programs in the form of inserts on Kosmonita radio Malang. This research is an action research study, that focuses on actions that involve researchers and community members, organizations that want to be studied. The purpose of action research is to produce changes with certain actions to refer to social change. The object of this research is Radio Kosmonita Malang, and focuses on radio marketing strategy theory by using STP theory (segmentation, targeting, positioning) and also using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Thread) as supporting theories in order to find the right strategy to optimize women's content programs in Kosmonita radio Malang. Data collection was conducted with Focus Group Discussion, interviews, making radio inserts, and conducting surveys on Kosmonita radio’s listeners in Malang. The results showed that before there was an insert, the inspiring woman program was not optimal, but after the insert, there was an optimization of women's program content. The conclusion of this study is the addition of inspiring women's content, which contains the success stories of female in various fields, increasingly optimizing this program. Based on these conclusions, the researchers suggested to mak the insert as a talk show program that broadcast regularly on Kosmonita radio Malang and the second is regular research or survey so that it could provide new innovations for broadcast programs on Kosmonita radio Malang. Keywords: radio, marketing strategy, swot analysis, action research. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v5i1.2784

The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on human milk macronutrients content.

To test the null hypothesis that human milk (HM) macronutrients (fat, lactose, protein) and caloric content in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is similar to that of women without GDM. Sixty-two lactating mothers (31 GDM, 31 no-GDM) were studied after confirmation by 100-g oral glucose tolerance test. Each mother contributed three manually expressed HM samples (within 72 h after labor (colostrum), after 7 days (transitional) and at 14 days (mature)). Analysis was done by infrared transmission spectroscopy. Non-GDM and GDM groups did not differ by maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, height, diet, pregnancy weight gain, gestational age, and infant birth weight. Macronutrients content in colostrum and transitional milk did not differ between groups. Fat and energy contents in mature HM were higher in non-GDM samples than in GDM samples (p = 0.07 and p < 0.02, respectively). Fat and energy content of mature HM obtained from mothers with GDM is lower compared to that of mature HM from mothers without GDM.

Meeting in the Archive

This paper examines the holdings of several archives that house women's and queer comix. It considers the logics of comix creation, distribution, and collection, and their relationship to the formation of communities. Situating its analysis in relation to the reparative turn in queer history and arguments about queer utopianism, the paper considers these comix, most of which were produced and purchased from the 1970s to the 1990s, against the often libertarian, and misogynist, and better-known, underground comix of that era by figures like Robert Crumb, Spain Rodriguez, and S. Clay Wilson. It asks what sorts of relationships we might discern between the contents of women's and queer comix and the communities they represented and contributed to, and how archives of those comix inflect our understanding of that shared and contested history.

Optimum strata boundaries and sample sizes in health surveys using auxiliary variables.

Using convenient stratification criteria such as geographical regions or other natural conditions like age, gender, etc., is not beneficial in order to maximize the precision of the estimates of variables of interest. Thus, one has to look for an efficient stratification design to divide the whole population into homogeneous strata that achieves higher precision in the estimation. In this paper, a procedure for determining Optimum Stratum Boundaries (OSB) and Optimum Sample Sizes (OSS) for each stratum of a variable of interest in health surveys is developed. The determination of OSB and OSS based on the study variable is not feasible in practice since the study variable is not available prior to the survey. Since many variables in health surveys are generally skewed, the proposed technique considers the readily-available auxiliary variables to determine the OSB and OSS. This stratification problem is formulated into a Mathematical Programming Problem (MPP) that seeks minimization of the variance of the estimated population parameter under Neyman allocation. It is then solved for the OSB by using a dynamic programming (DP) technique. A numerical example with a real data set of a population, aiming to estimate the Haemoglobin content in women in a national Iron Deficiency Anaemia survey, is presented to illustrate the procedure developed in this paper. Upon comparisons with other methods available in literature, results reveal that the proposed approach yields a substantial gain in efficiency over the other methods. A simulation study also reveals similar results.

Cadmium and Lead in Women Who Miscarried.

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic elements which, when ingested excessively in food and drinking water, accumulate in selected organs and pass through the placenta barrier to the foetus, showing teratogenic effects. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of Cd and Pb in blood and placental tissue in women who miscarried. The study group consisted of 83 women who miscarried. The control group included 35 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and after childbirth. The experimental materials consisted of whole blood and fragments of placental tissue. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with electrothermal atomization in a graphite furnace and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in standard mode. The average concentration of Cd (2.730 ± 2.07 µg/L) and Pb (35.54 ± 11.0 µg/L) in the blood of women with miscarriage was higher in comparison to the level of these toxic metals in the blood of women from the control group (Cd 1.035 ± 0.59 µg/L; Pb 27.11 ± 4.6 µg/L). The average Cd (214.4 ± 514 µg/L) and Pb (199.6 ± 348 µg/L) content in the placenta of women with miscarriage was higher in comparison to the amount of these elements in the placenta of women from the control group (Cd 127.4 ± 85 ng/L; Pb 26.35 ± 7.9 ng/L). Tobacco smoking significantly affected cadmium blood levels and the placental tissue content in women who miscarried. Elevated Cd and Pb concentrations in the blood and placenta of pregnant women may be connected with the occurrence of miscarriage; therefore, the levels of these heavy metals should be monitored in women who plan pregnancy. It seems that determining the level of molar ratio between toxic metal and antioxidant elements can be analyzed as a marker for selection for control examinations as a valuable complement to existing diagnostic procedures in prevention, especially in early pregnancy. Additional diagnostic methods should be established as new tools in perinatal care in order to enable early diagnosis of pregnancy pathology and, especially, to prevent miscarriage.

Exploring the Fear of Birth Scale in a mixed population of women of childbearing age-A Swedish pilot study.

The aim of this pilot study was to explore the Fear of Birth Scale in a mixed sample of women of childbearing age, by investigating the levels of childbirth fear and the content of women's thoughts when completing the scale. A cross-sectional mixed method study of 179 women who completed a short questionnaire and a think aloud interview. The mean score of the Fear of Birth Scale was 40.80 (SD 27.59) and 28.5% were classified as having fear of childbirth (≥60). The internal consistency showed a Cronbach's α>0.92, and a mean inter-item correlation of 0.85.The highest scores were found in women younger than 25 years (mean 60.10), foreign-born women (mean 54.30) and women who did not have any previous children (48.72). The lowest scores were found in women who had recently given birth (mean 34.82) and women older than 35 years (mean 34.85). The content analysis categorization matrix clearly accommodated all 436 statements into the five pre-existing categories. The largest categories were: the content of fear and worry with 138 statements and strategies to cope with fear or worry (122 statements). The Fear of Birth Scale seems to be a useful instrument for different subgroups of women. The construct of fear of childbirth may be universally understood and experienced by women of childbearing age irrespective of whether they are currently pregnant, have recently given birth or do not have children. Identifying fear of birth is important in clinical practice in order to support women's reproductive needs.

Influence of Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content on Fatigue during Repeated Resistance Exercise in Recreationally Active Women.

Carnosine is a naturally occurring intramuscular dipeptide that is thought to attenuate fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Carnosine content is influenced by various factors, including gender and diet. Despite research reporting that carnosine content is lower in women compared to men and lower in vegetarians compared to omnivores, no investigations have examined carnosine content in women based on dietary protein intake and its effect on muscle fatigue. Twenty recreationally active women were assigned to either a high (HI; n = 5), moderate (MOD; n = 10), or low (LO; n = 5) group based upon intramuscular carnosine content of the vastus lateralis. Each participant underwent two unilateral maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the knee extensors separated by an isokinetic exercise protocol consisting of five sets of 50 repeated maximal unilateral contractions. Magnitude-based inferences were used to analyze group differences. Percent decline in rate of force development and peak torque (PT) during the MVICs and changes in PT and mean torque during the muscle-fatiguing protocol were lower in HI compared to both MOD and LO. Additionally, absolute and relative dietary protein intake were greater in HI compared to MOD or LO. Results indicated that greater intramuscular carnosine content was reflective of greater dietary protein intake and that individuals with higher carnosine content displayed a greater attenuation of fatigue compared to those with lower carnosine.

COPMPERATIVE CHARECTERISTICS OF SPECIES COMPOSITION OF VAGINAL CAVITY OF WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY OF TYPE I AND II

Introduction. The problem of infertility is not only medical but also social one that comes to the fore in times of economic crisis, reduced fertility and a high level of total mortality. Such phenomenon of infertility is more common than you think. The world percentage of infertile couples is 8-29%, in Ukraine - 15-18%, or each 4-5 pair is unable to realize their plans to have children naturally. The composition of the microbiota of vulvovaginal content in women with infertility of types I and II depends on many exogenous and endogenous factors, mainly etiological agents can be as pathogenic, and so opportunistic aerobic (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, N.gonorrhoae, E. coli, C.albicans) and anaerobic microorganisms. The article compared the species composition of the microbial vulvovaginal content of women with infertility types I and II, which may be involved in the formation of certain dysbiotic disorders.Materials and methods. There were examined 89 women of reproductive age with type I of infertility. The average age was 27.00 ± 2,37 years. Also there was conducted bacteriological and mycological examination of vulvovaginal content of 67 women with infertility of type II aged from 18 to 34 years (average age - 26,00 ± 1,12 g.).In all women for bacteriological and mycological examinatuin it was taken vaginal content in sterile test tubes in sterile conditions. To the material it was added tenfold volume of sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution to get 1:10 (10-¹) dilution. On a base of the resulting mixture there was prepared titration series (10-2 to 10-7), from which it was seeded 0.01 ml to sectors of the optimal culture media fer each taxon evenly distributing on the surface of solid media or semisolid media.Facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were grown in a thermostate (temperature - 37 ºC, 18-24 hours, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida - 30 ºC). Obligate anaerobic bacteria were grown in a stationary anaerostate (CO2 incubator T-125 Medicin - Sweden) for 5-7 days, sometimes up to 14 days. Identification of selected taxons was conducted by morphological, tinctorial, cultural, biochemical properties, according to necessity there were determined signs of pathogenicity and antigenic structure.Results. We found that in women with infertility of type I S.aureus was isolated in 56 (62,9 %) patients, S.epidermidis - in 11 (12,3 %) patients, N.gonorrhoeae - in 8 (8,9 %) patients, E.coli - in 10 (11,4 %) patients, C.albicans - 66 (74,1 %) patients, Lactobacillus - in 28 (31,4 %) patients, Bifidobacterium - in 13 (14,6 %) patients, Peptostreptococcus - in 23 (25,8 %) patients, Propionibacterium - in 3 (3,3 %) patients, T.vaginalis - in 52 (58,4 %) patients.In vulvovaginal content of women with infertility of type II there dominated conditionally pathogenic yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, Staphylococcus aureus, vaginal Trichomonas, Peptostreptococci and Enterobacteria.Conclusions. One of the causative agents of development of infertility is a colonization of vulvovaginal content by opportunistic pathogens of genus Candida, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, vaginal Trichomonas, Peptostreptococci, Enterobacteria, N. gonococcus, Bacteroides and other microorganisms as well as their associations. In the vulvaginal content of women with type I infertility, autochthonous obligate anaerobic microorganisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are isolated in 46.0% of cases, and in women with type II infertility only in 28.2% of women (P &lt;0.05), which causes a decrease in contamination and colonization of the biotope by 2.27 times by enterobacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae) in women with primary infertility. In these women the colonization of vulvovaginal contents by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida increases (by 10.43%), protozoa (T. vaginalis) by 26.41% and microorganisms of the genus Peptostreptococcus - by 91.96%. The difference in the detection of other opportunistic bacteria (S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, etc.) is insignificant (P&gt; 0.05).

Microbiological reasoning of the formation and development of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Aim. To conduct microbiological reasoning of the formation and development of vulvovaginal candidiasis. To study taxonomic composition and major microbiota and yeast-like fungi of genus Candida and their changes in vulvovaginal content of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis.Materials and methods. Vaginal content of 472 women (19–34 years old) with vulvovaginitis was examined. Bacteriological and mycological methods were used. Isolation of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida was done by seeding of investigated appropriate dilutions of the material on solid nutrient Saburo medium. Species identification was carried out by microscopic, cultural properties and by enzymatic activity. Lactobacillus were isolated and grown on MRS-agar, Bifidobacterium – on modified Blaurock medium, propionic acid bacteria – yeast-serum medium. Analytical parameters characterizing the state of the microbiota of microecological biotope were defined by the commonly accepted methods.Results. The study of taxonomic composition of main microbiota of vulvovaginal content revealed that in the vulvovaginal candidiasis there is expressed deficiency of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and elimination of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium, which form the physiological basis of indigeneous protective microbiota of the biotope. It was established that C. albicans is most common (constant) in the vulvovaginal content of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (constancy index is 76.67 %). C. zeylanoides belongs to species that are rare in vulvovaginal content, and other species of yeasts-like fungi of genus Candida (C. glabrata, C. inconspiсua, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and C. kefyr) – the species that are rare (constancy index ranges from 1.11 to 6.30 %).Conclusions. The essential changes in the taxonomic composition of the main microbiota of vulvovaginal main content (lactobacteria, bifidobacteria and propionic acid bacteria) create the preconditions for growth and reproduction of yeast-like fungi Candida that leads to their persistence in the biotope with the subsequent pathogenic effects on the formation of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Hair Trace Element and Electrolyte Content in Women with Natural and In Vitro Fertilization-Induced Pregnancy.

The objective of the present study was to perform comparative analysis of hair trace element content in women with natural and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-induced pregnancy. Hair trace element content in 33 women with IVF-induced pregnancy and 99 age- and body mass index-matched control pregnant women (natural pregnancy) was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that IVF-pregnant women are characterized by significantly lower hair levels of Cu, Fe, Si, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Ba at p<0.05 or lower. Comparison of the individual levels with the national reference values demonstrated higher incidence of Fe and Cu deficiency in IVF-pregnant women in comparison to that of the controls. IVF pregnancy was also associated with higher hair As levels (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant interrelation between IVF pregnancy and hair Cu, Fe, Si, and As content. Hair Cu levels were also influenced by vitamin/mineral supplementation and the number of pregnancies, whereas hair Zn content was dependent on prepregnancy anthropometric parameters. In turn, planning of pregnancy had a significant impact on Mg levels in scalp hair. Generally, the obtained data demonstrate an elevated risk of copper, iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium deficiency and arsenic overload in women with IVF-induced pregnancy. The obtained data indicate the necessity of regular monitoring of micronutrient status in IVF-pregnant women in order to prevent potential deleterious effects of altered mineral homeostasis.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Menstrual Regulation by Medication up to 6 Weeks of Gestation &amp; 7-9 Weeks of Gestation

Objective: The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of menstrual regulation (MR) by medication (mifepristone and misoprostol) between women up to 6 weeks and 7-9 weeks of gestation.&#x0D; Method: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months from August 2014 to January 2015. Women seeking menstrual regulation (MR) services with gestational age no more than 9 weeks and confirmed intrauterine pregnancy attending at Reproductive Health Services Training and Education Program (RHSTEP) &amp; Gynaecology Outpatient Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were taken in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. One group consisted of women of gestational age up to 42 days, known as early MR (Group-I, n = 41) and another group consisted of women of gestational age 43-63 days termed late MR (Group-II, n = 42). The main outcome variables were time to bleeding following intervention, complete abortion and need for secondary intervention.&#x0D; Result: The demographic characteristics like age, socioeconomic status, level of education and occupation were almost identically distributed between groups. The women of the two groups were almost matched in terms of their gravidity, past history of abortion or MR, use of contraceptive and indication of present MR. Time to bleeding following misoprostol administration was on an average 2 and a ½ hours and there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.804). Over half (51.2%) of the women up to 42 days of gestation completed abortion at or before 1st follow up visit as opposed to only 19% in late gestation group (p = 0.002). The need for 2nd dose misoprostol to complete the abortion was significantly higher in the latter group than that in the former group (p &lt; 0.001). The need for surgical intervention (for delayed, heavy bleeding) was comparatively less in the former group. Muscle cramping and nausea/vomiting were the most noted complications and were considerably higher in the former group. Women in the early gestation group more often reported (17.1%) less bleeding following intervention compared to that reported by the women of late gestation (2.4%) (p = 0.038). However, pain, adverse effect and time to complete the procedure all were acceptable to the majorities of women of either group.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that Menstrual Regulation with Medication (MRM) with misoprostol is effective in aborting the uterine content in women with early gestation with less bleeding and other complications. As the bleeding is more in women with late gestation, universal recommendation of its use to women with late gestation may be risky.&#x0D; Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&amp;2): 21-26

Taxonomic composition and population level of autochthonous and allochthonous microbiota of vulvovaginal content in women with infertility of type I

Taxonomic composition and population level of autochthonous and allochthonous microbiota of vulvovaginal content in women with infertility of type I

Ocena zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej w populacji kobiet między 50 a 79 rokiem życia

Nowadays obesity is one of the most important problems in the developed countries. It is characterized by the excess increase of fat tissue. The main causes of obesity are insufficient amount of physical activity and overdosing of energy delivered with food. The purpose of this paper is the assessment of skinfold thickness and the percentage of fat tissue content in women between 50 and 80 years of age. 1215 female inhabitants of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship participated in the study and were divided into 6 age groups in 5-year divisions. The skinfold thickness was assessed and the percentage of fat tissue content was calculated. The measurements were made with the skinfold caliper. All tested women in the respective age groups, according to BMI index, were overweight, whereas the percentage of fat tissue content was over 40% in all groups. In 65-69 age bracket there is an increase of all tested parameters, whereas in women above 70 years of age a visible decrease of measured skinfold thickness values is observed as well as reduction of proportional fat tissue content.

Hair biomonitoring and health status of a general population exposed to Nickel

An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in a Greek population, being orally exposed to Ni via food consumption, in order to investigate possible health effects and to evaluate hair Ni concentration as a biomarker of exposure.The study population consisted of 139 men and 155 women, aged 25–69. Socio-demographics, lifestyle, dietary habits, occupational and medical history data were recorded through a personal interview. Hematological and biochemical examinations were conducted in blood specimens. Metals – Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn – were determined in hair samples. Women were characterized by higher Ni and Cu hair concentrations, while men by higher Cr and Hg. Factors affecting hair metal concentrations were identified to be dietary habits, consumption of local crops, occupation and smoking.Hair element content in the study population was comparable to the “reference ranges” reported in Europe, except for Ni, found higher in a fraction of our population. Men in the upper quartile of hair Ni distribution are at higher risk for abnormal high cholesterol, LDL, albumin and calcium, with odds ratios (OR) varying between 3.5 and 6.2. Accordingly, high hair Ni content in women is associated with abnormal glucose (OR=3.9), triglycerides (OR=3.1) and low abnormal sodium (OR=4.3).The study provides evidence of the suitability of hair analysis in assessing environmental exposure to Ni and supports the use of hair Ni content as a valuable and relatively inexpensive tool of biomonitoring, to identify people at risk for certain biochemical alterations.