Superoxide Dismutase Content Research Articles

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders

The literature review reflects the contemporary information on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. We present data on the importance of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and epigenetic influences on the development of oxidative stress, which, during critical periods of early brain development, may influence the induction and progression of the disease. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, immunological disorders, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, hypoperfusion of the brain causing or aggravating the redox imbalance in patients with autism spectrum disorders is shown. Analysis of the literature data indicates that the increased content of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, ceruloplasmin and transferrin in the blood and brain of patients with autism spectrum disorders reflects the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Increased levels of malondialdehyde, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide in various biological media indicate insufficiency of antioxidant protection system. Taking into account the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders, therapy including antioxidant drugs is indicated for correction of metabolic disorders.

Superoxide dismutase secreting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores attenuate pulmonary fibrosis

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can convert active oxygen to oxygen or hydrogen peroxide, and recent research has suggested that it can protect against lung damage and fibrosis. Clinical applications based on SOD remain limited however due to costs and low stability. We here investigated a potential new therapeutic delivery system for this enzyme in the form of SOD-overexpressing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores which we introduced into a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. This treatment significantly alleviated the disease, as quantified using a hydroxyproline assay, at 107 colony forming unit (CFU) of Bacillus spores per day. Exposure of the mice to the spores was further found to decrease the lung mRNA levels of CTGF, Col1a1, α-SMA, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and the protein levels of TGF-β, Smad2/3, αSMA and Col1a1, all major indicators of pulmonary fibrosis. Survival benefits, and reduced byproducts of lipid peroxidase such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynen, were also noted in the treated animals. The beneficial effects of these Bacillus spores on pulmonary fibrosis were further found to be greater than the equivalent free SOD concentration. Immunofluorescence staining of primary pulmonary fibroblasts extracted from the bleomycin-induced model showed decreased αSMA expression following the in vivo treatment with SOD-overexpressing Bacillus. Our treatment approach SOD through Bacillus spores shows beneficial effects against pulmonary fibrosis, combined with the suppression of the SMAD/TGF-β pathway, suggesting that it is an effective novel delivery route for antioxidants.

Ruscogenin regulates endogenous antioxidation in dopamine neurons by activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ruscogenin (RUS) on cell viability, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) model.Methods: The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was modified with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) to establish a PD model. RUS (1 or 10 μM) was used to treat MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ATP production, Ca2+ concentration and JC-1 were quantified using commercial kits. The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Keap1, Nrf2 and HO-1 were evaluated by western blot analysis.Results: RUS protected cell viability, reduced LDH production, and elevated TH expression in MPP+- modified SH-SY5Y cells. RUS promoted the release of SOD, CAT and GPx, but suppressed MDA production. Furthermore, RUS enhanced ATP metabolism, decreased Ca2+ leakage and maintained mitochondrial function. RUS also repressed Keap1 expression but increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels.Conclusion: RUS enhances cell viability while alleviating cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in dopamine neurons through the activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Thus, RUS is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.

Exogenous methyl jasmonate affects genes involved in monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, phyto-biochemical accumulation, and enzymatic activity of Satureja hortensis L.

Satureja hortensis L. (SH) is a medicinal and aromatic herb utilized markedly in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its specific secondary metabolites (SMs), especially monoterpenoids. However, the impact of elicitors on the expression of monoterpene synthase genes in SH remains unexplored. Therefore, the supreme objective of this research was to elucidate the phyto-biochemical and targeted genes expression responses of SH to the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Accordingly, having chosen four concentrations of MeJA, they sprayed at the five-leaf stage for two weeks, and then leaves were harvested at two exposure times of 24 and 48 hrs for further analysis, using spectrophotometric, real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and gas chromatography−mass spectrometric (GC–MS) methods. The results highlight that not only were the highest contents of phenolic, flavonoids, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, and malondialdehyde in the elicited SHs but also the highest expression of β-farnesene synthase (BFS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductase (DXR) genes together with the highest amount of carvacrol were up-regulated in them compared to their respective control. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the great industrial potential of MeJA in improving the production of phytochemicals in medicinal plants, particularly in SH.

Physiological and behavioral assessment of Metaphire posthuma in response to clothianidin insecticide: Insights from molecular and biochemical analysis

In the present study, Clothianidin [(E) - 1-(2 - chloro-1,3 - thiazol - 5-ylmethyl) - 3-methyl - 2- nitroguanidine] (CLO) was selected as a soil pollutant and earthworm was employed as a test organism. The various responses like biochemical and detoxification process of earthworm Metaphire posthuma towards Clothianidin at lethal and sublethal doses were studied using OECD-standardized toxicological guidelines. The present study examined the toxicity of CLO to earthworms after 28 days of exposure at conc. 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 mg kg−1 in a soil mixture. Biochemical markers including Guaiacol peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in earthworms were measured. Acute toxicity tests revealed that CLO caused a concentration-dependent increase in mortality with LC50 (Lethal concentration) values of 10.960 and 8.201 mg kg−1 for 7th and 14th day respectively. The earthworms were exposed to CLO contaminated soil for 56 days and reflecting the significant decrease in earthworm growth, cocoon and hatchling production. Moreover, enzyme activities such as CAT, SOD, POD and MDA content were significantly enhanced with the increased concentration and exposure period of CLO. Molecular docking studies indicated that CLO primarily interacts to the junction site of SOD and in active centres of CAT, POD and GST. As a result, the current findings imply that the sub chronic CLO exposure can induce variations in physiology and avoidance behaviour of earthworms, oxidative stress as well as alterations in enzyme activities.

The potential roles of stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 and connexin 43 in rats with reperfusion arrhythmia.

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a critical gene for maintaining myocardial homeostasis. Interestingly, Cx43 and stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) were recorded to be lowly expressed in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, their impacts on reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) remain to be explored. Our study aimed to find out the related underlying mechanisms. After the establishment of an isolated heart model through Langendorff perfusion, the heart rate, conduction activation time, conduction velocity, and conduction direction of the left ventricle were evaluated, along with the apoptotic rate detection in the collected myocardial tissues. After the construction of a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cellular model, cell apoptosis, intercellular communication, cell viability, and the content of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and lactic dehydrogenase were measured. The expression of Cx43 and STIP1 was determined in both rat heart and cell models. The bindings of STIP3 and Cx43 to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were verified. Relative to the corresponding controls, Cx43 and STIP1 were decreased in myocardial tissues of RA rats and H/R-stimulated H9C2 cells, where Cx43-binding HSP70 and HSP90 were respectively increased and decreased, and ubiquitination level of Cx43 was enhanced. STIP1 overexpression promoted protein expression of Cx43, intercellular communication, and cell viability, and reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in H/R-stimulated H9C2 cells. STIP1 promoted Cx43 expression to improve intercellular communication and reduce oxidative stress in H/R-stimulated H9C2 cells.

Determining superoxide dismutase content and catalase activity in mammalian cell lines

Traditional methods for determining superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and catalase (CAT) activity rely on measuring the absorbance of individual tissue (biological) samples using a cuvette and spectrophotometer, rather than cell cultures. Although there are kits available for SOD and CAT assays, these allow for high-throughput analysis of samples and might be too expensive for research laboratories in countries from the Global South, such as South Africa. This paper describes a simple and cost-effective method to determine SOD content and CAT activity in mammalian cell cultures following exposure to environmental chemical mixtures by measuring absorbance in 96-well microplates. Moreover, the equipment used for this method is considered standard for cell culture laboratories, while the reagents and consumables are easily obtainable.•Antioxidant enzyme levels can be measured in vitro in cell cultures.•The supernatant obtained can be used to determine protein concentration, SOD content, and CAT activity.•This method is simple and affordable, allowing for the analysis of multiple samples (up to 32 samples per microplate).

Effect of Different Warm-Up Durations on the Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Anaerobic Exercise in Amateur Handball Players

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three warm-up durations on post-exercise oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as recovery from the Wingate test in 14 amateur handball players. These players completed the Wingate test three times: after 5 min, after 10 min, and then after 15 min of warm-up, spread over 2 weeks with an interval of 1 week between each session. At the end of each session of the Wingate test, blood samples were taken: at rest (PR), after warming up (PWU) and immediately at the end of the test (P0), then after 10-min (P10) and after 20-min (P20) of recovery. The measured parameters are the total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein-bound-carbonyls (PCs) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs). The main findings revealed that anaerobic exercise induces oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in antioxidant status and significant increases in concentrations of the majority of oxidative stress indicators (p < 0.05). At P20, plasma GPx, SOD, GR, TBARSs, and PC contents, are lower and significantly different after a 15-min warm-up than after a 10-min or 5-min warm-up. ANOVA showed a significant ”warm-up × recovery” effect on plasma GPx, SOD, GR, TBARSs, and PC contents [F(8.104) = 3.61; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.22, F(8.104): from 1.88 to 19.97; η2p: from 0.19 to 0.61: 0.05 < p < 0.001], respectively. We concluded that a 15-min warm-up was more efficient than the other duration in reducing a free radical rise, emphasizing the importance of the warm-up length on plasma oxidative stress biomarkers.

Jasmonic acid impact on botanical and morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) infected by Aphid

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most essential cereal crop among all other crops of Pakistan and belongs to the family poaceae. The experiment was performed to evaluate the response of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth parameter against aphid attack. Two wheat varieties i.e., Fareed-2006 and Paktoon-2016 are cultivated in pots and different concentrations of Jasmonic acid (100 µM and 1 mM) were applied. Concluded results showed that aphid infested plants decreased root and shoot length, plant height, total soluble protein and chlorophyll contents but increased the POD and SOD contents, MDA contents, catalase, H2O2 concentrations and phenolics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) which was further improved through jasmonic acid application. Jasmonic acid treated plants showed better results than control and aphid infested plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped plants to recovery from aphid stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme synthesis, POD (Peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase). The results showed that JA sprayed plants have a reduced aphid population than controls plants. When compared to jasmonic acid (100 µM), the greater concentration of jasmonic acid (1mM) showed more effective. Use of jasmonic acid against devastating diseases seems to hold a more promising future in the pest management and agriculture sector.

Fermented milk supplemented with water-soluble curcumin ameliorates survival rate, selected biochemical parameters and fecal microbiota of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice

This study assessed the impact of fermented cow and soy milk supplemented with curcumin on enhancement the health status of female Swiss mice under Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) condition. Both types of milk were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum EMCC 1027. Ninety-five grams of basal diet mixed with five grams of either fermented cow or soy milk supplemented with curcumin. Induction of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice synergized by intraperitoneal injection with 1 × 106 Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after one week of the adaptation period. Our results showed that levels of survival rate were increased to 117% in mice that were fed fermented cow and soy milk while supplementation of fermented soy milk with curcumin improved the survival rate to 150%. The concentration of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in Ehrlich tumor-bearing was increased after feeding with both types of fermented milk. Fermented soy milk supplemented with curcumin showed the highest reduction levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6. The relative gene expression TNF-α was also significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in mice that were fed fermented soy milk with curcumin. The viable count of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in feces samples was increased when mice fed both types of fermented milk. Dietary feeding with fermented cow or soy milk supplemented with curcumin has an ameliorative impact on the survival rate, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, fecal microbiota in EAC mouse model. Further research is still needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms in this tumor.

Zhishi Daozhi decoction alleviates constipation induced by a high-fat and high-protein diet via regulating intestinal mucosal microbiota and oxidative stress.

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that a high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) causes constipation. This study focuses on understanding how the use of Zhishi Daozhi decoction (ZDD) affects the intricate balance of intestinal microorganisms. The insights gained from this investigation hold the potential to offer practical clinical approaches to mitigate the constipation-related issues associated with HFHPD. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: the normal (MN) group, the natural recovery (MR) group, the low-dose ZDD (MLD) group, the medium-dose ZDD (MMD) group, and the high-dose ZDD (MHD) group. After the constipation model was established by HFHPD combined with loperamide hydrochloride (LOP), different doses of ZDD were used for intervention. Subsequently, the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver were determined. The DNA of intestinal mucosa was extracted, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in intestinal mucosal microbiota. After ZDD treatment, CCK content in MR group decreased and CGRP content increased, but the changes were not significant. In addition, the SOD content in MR group was significantly lower than in MLD, MMD, and MHD groups, and the MDA content in MR group was significantly higher than in MN, MLD, and MHD groups. Constipation modeling and the intervention of ZDD changed the structure of the intestinal mucosal microbiota. In the constipation induced by HFHPD, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium, and Prevotella increased. After the intervention of ZDD, the relative abundance of these pathogenic bacteria decreased, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus and the abundance of Tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways increased in MHD group. Constipation induced by HFHPD can increase pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa, while ZDD can effectively relieve constipation, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and alleviate oxidative stress injury. In addition, high-dose ZDD can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, which is more conducive to the treatment of constipation.

Protective effect of vitamin B6 against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating NHE1 expression.

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been used to treat various types of cancer, but its application is limited due to its heart toxicity as well as other drawbacks. Chronic inhibition of Na+ /H+ exchanger (NHE1) reduces heart failure and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); vitamin B6 (VitB6 ) has been demonstrated to have a crucial role in antioxidant mechanism. So, this study was designed to explore the effect of VitB6 supplement on the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and to imply whether NHE1 is involved. Ultrasonic cardiogram analysis revealed that VitB6 supplement could alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity; hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's staining further confirmed this effect. Furthermore, VitB6 supplement exhibited significant antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effect, which was evidenced by decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, and decreased Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma-2 ratio, respectively. Collectively, VitB6 supplement may exert antioxidative and antiapoptosis effects to improve cardiac function by decreasing NHE1 expression and improve DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Effects of chromium propionate supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, and antioxidant status in Holstein cows under heat stress

Chromium propionate (CrP) supplementation has the potential effects on mitigating metabolic stress on dairy cows, however, the effect of increased CrP supply on alleviating heat stress of mid-lactation cows is rarely evaluated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CrP supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, and antioxidant status in dairy cows under heat stress. Sixty-four Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation with similar parity (2.1 ± 0.2), current milk production (40 ± 1.4 kg/d), and days in milk (143 ± 7.8 d) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments with a completely randomized design. After a 7-day adaptation period, cows were fed CrP at doses of 0, 4, 8, and 12 mg/d of Cr per head for 49 d. The average temperature humidity index (THI) was 77 during the experimental period. The average respiration rate and rectal temperature decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing CrP supplementation. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and milk lactose yield increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing CrP supplementation, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk was not affected by treatments, and feed efficiency tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.07). The percentage of milk protein and lactose increased linearly (P = 0.05) with increasing CrP supplementation, whereas milk urea-N concentration and somatic cell count decreased quadratically (P < 0.01). Although total-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract was not affected by CrP supplementation, neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased quadratically (P = 0.01) with increasing CrP supplementation. The concentrations of milk Cr and urinary Cr were not affected by CrP supplementation. Ruminal pH, the concentration of total VFA and ammonia-N, and the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate were not affected by treatments, whereas the molar proportion of acetate increased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing CrP supplementation. The blood urea-N concentration decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) and the concentration of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing CrP supplementation, while the ratio of glucose to insulin and the concentration of glucose and malonaldehyde did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, CrP supplementation could increase milk yield in mid-lactation cows under heat stress by increasing DMI, reducing respiration rate and rectal temperature, and improving antioxidant status. The recommended dose of CrP is 4–8 mg/d of Cr per cow in hot weather.

DYNAMICS OF LEAD TOLERANCE IN TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.) GENOTYPES

Lead nitrate has reports of significantly inhibiting plant growth. Early exploration of the genotypic difference for lead nitrate stress in tobacco has started. The presented study had eight tobacco genotypes subjected to 200 μM lead nitrate (Pb [NO3]2) stress in a hydroponic culture. Lead stress treatment to plants for 14 days had data recording at three times intervals of stressed plants. Assessing photosynthetic and antioxidant enzymes’ activities was in a time series order of one day, seven days, and 14 days. One-day, seven-day, and fourteen-day-old seedlings gained treatment of 200 μM lead nitrate stress and control. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values for most genotypes decreased, while oxidant and anti-oxidant enzymes increased activity. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll evaluated after lead nitrate toxicity showed reduced activity in studied tobacco genotypes compared with control as time passed. All chlorophyll contents, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, declined with a longer span in lead nitrate solution. Genotype QVA-20 could benefit lead-salt tolerance and susceptible genotype ‘long chang’ cigarette based on chlorophyll content and SPAD values. Chlorophyll a capacity decreased as lead exposure to plants increased, but chlorophyll b increased in all genotypes on the 15th day. The MDA (malondialdehyde) content increased in all tobacco genotypes with increased lead nitrate exposure. Meanwhile, SOD (superoxide dismutase) contents decreased in genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 with increased time, but POD (peroxidase) contents increased in all genotypes on the 14th day. Genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 proved considerably tolerant of lead toxicity at 200 µM.

Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is one of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases of childhood. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the possible mechanisms of its development and complications. The aim of the study was to analyze the content of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in children and adolescents with adequately controlled T1D.Material and methods. A total of 58 children were examined, including 34 children with type 1 diabetes (study group) and 24 conditionally healthy children (control group). The content of glycated hemoglobin, blood plasma glucose per day, post-prandial glucose, total protein, creatinine and urea were determined by conventional methods, as well as the level of SOD and GP in the blood serum by ELISA.Results and discussion. A significant decrease in the content of both enzymes was found in type 1 DM patients compared to conditionally healthy children. In patients with the chronic form of the disease, SOD and GP level was significantly lower than in patients with incident T1D. An inverse correlation was revealed between the antioxidant enzymes level on the one hand and age, duration of the disease, and the number of episodes with a poor glucose history on the other hand. The decrease in SOD and GP concentration was associated with an increase in glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose level over a 24-hour period in patients with chronic type SD 1. The decrease in SOD concentrations was associated with an increase in glycated hemoglobin in patients with T1D chronic type. The discovered abnormalities indicate that decreased antioxidant enzyme level represent a manifestation of OS in patients with adequately controlled type 1 DM.Conclusions. Content of antioxidant enzymes in children with T1D provides an important criterion for the assessment of OS manifestations in this disease.

Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls. Twenty Yanbian cattle (bulls) with initial body weight (BW) 485 ± 42 kg were randomly divided into two groups (control and treatment groups) and participated in a100-day finishing trial. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (total mixed ration, TMR). The treatment group was fed a basal diet supplemented with VE (provided as α-tocopherol acetate, 700 IU/bull/day). VE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of finishing bulls, the beef marbling score, meat color parameters (a* [redness]), intramuscular fat content, the concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), VE and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-13) in the serum and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). VE supplementation significantly decreased drip loss and cooking loss of the beef, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum and muscle tissue, the concentration of malondialdehyde in the muscle tissue (P < 0.05), and tended to decrease the feed: gain (P = 0.077) and shear force (P = 0.062) of the beef. In conclusion, VE supplementation can improve the meat quality parameters of finishing bulls, especially the improvement of beef tenderness. The improvement of beef tenderness by VE supplementation may be related to the increase of MMPs concentration, and a potential mechanism for the secretion of MMPs by VE supplementation may be related to its antioxidant capacity.

Indicators of oxidative stress in blood samples of indigenous residents and newcomers in the Arctic zone of Yakutia

Introduction. Oxidative stress is non-specific reaction of human organism in response to various damaging factors, including climatic. &#x0D; The purpose of the study. To compare markers of oxidative stress and corresponding age dependences in blood samples of indigenous (evolutionarily adapted) and newcomer inhabitants of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. &#x0D; Materials and methods. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) were determined in blood lysates of indigenous (n=100) and newcomers (n=37) residents of Chokurdakh and Tiksi settlements. The compared subsamples did not differ in age (medians 34 and 37 years, p=0.407). &#x0D; Results. No significant differences were found between newcomers and natives in terms of SOD, CAT and MDA content in the blood. The GPx activity of newcomers was 1.2 times higher than that of the natives (27.8 [22.4; 32.0] and 23.4 [19.2; 29.4] U/g Hb, p=0.042), but rapidly decreased with age (R= –0.549; p=0.001) &#x0D; in parallel with the increase in MDA content (R=0.420; p=0.01), whereas the indigenous people had no age-related changes in GPx and MDA. &#x0D; Limitations. Associated with a comparatively modest sample size (137 persons). &#x0D; Conclusion. According to modern gerontology, age-related trends in enzyme activity arise due to changes in regulation of corresponding genes and reflect the rate of aging of the population. So it can be assumed that our data, which show accelerated aging of Arctic alien inhabitants compared to the indigenous ones, can be explained by genetic polymorphism of GPx1 transcription factors.

Assessing the potential of rosary pea (Abrus precatorius L.) derived aqueous seed extracts as anticancer agents and their phytoconstituents as COX-2 inhibitor: an in-vitro and in-silico approach

Abrus precatorius L. is a traditional remedy with a long history of use in medicine around the globe due to its diverse phytochemical composition and bioactivities which are of utmost significance to the scientific community. With the aim to provide new insights into the antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties of A. precatorius aqueous seed extracts, different extraction methods were employed. Aqueous extract prepared by Soxhlet method APW (Sox) had higher total phenolics, flavonoids and tannin content. In DPPH assay, APW (Sox) had the maximum free radical scavenging activity. The maximum FRAP value was displayed by APW (Mac). The maximum inhibition was shown by APW (Sox) against HPV18 (Hep2C) cells and APW (Mac) against HPV18 (KB) cells. In cervical cancer (Hep2C) cells, catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, and glutathione (GSH) content were all highest in APW (Sox) extract, whereas APW (Mac) extract demonstrated the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Similarly, in oral cancer (KB) cells, APW (Mac) extract showed the highest SOD, CAT, GST activity and GSH content whereas APW (Sox) extract showed the least MDA content. Docking studies showed that tannic acid and rutin had the highest binding affinity, while MD simulations showed that they were stable in complex with COX-2 for at least 90 ns. Promising antiangiogenic activities were observed in both APW (Sox) and APW (Mac) in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, aqueous seed extracts of A. precatorius could be considered promising candidates for anticancer and antiangiogenic drugs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Anti-fatigue activities of γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched soymilk in an acute exercise-treated mouse model via regulating AMPK/PGC-1α pathway

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four carbon non-protein amino acid, is extensively distributed in nature and shows various biological functions. In the present study, Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 and Lactobacillus plantarum ASCC 276, two producers with high GABA production capacity, were selected to ferment soymilk and their optimal culture conditions were investigated. Then, the anti-fatigue ability of GABA-enriched soy protein isolate (SPI) fermented milk was assessed by the weight-loaded forced swimming test and the related biochemical parameters were recorded to find possible reasons. Results demonstrated that soymilk added with glucose was capable of yielding the highest GABA content when used Streptococcus thermophilus 1303 and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 as starter bacteria, and exhibited the high anti-fatigue effect in mice, mainly manifested in extending the forced swimming time, suppressing the blood lactic acid, urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase content, and promoting the level of liver glycogen, muscle glycogen and muscle ATP. More importantly, SPI fermented milk beverages decreased reactive oxygen species levels via improving the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and inhibiting the content of malondialdehyd and promoted energy reserves by stimulating the expression of AMPK and PGC-1α in muscle, thus showing its fatigue-alleviating effect. Our study disclosed that there was a positive correlation between GABA content and anti-fatigue-related indicators of SPI fermented milk, which will be of interest for developing fermented milk with high anti-fatigue activity.

Effect of Acute High-Intensity Interval Training on Immune Function and Oxidative Stress in Canoe/Kayak Athletes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on immune function and oxidative stress in male canoe/kayak athletes who were well trained. A total of 22 participants were voluntarily recruited with an age range of 15.9 ± 2.3 years, height of 172.2 ± 5.5 cm, body mass of 63.30 ± 6.95 kg, and body fat of 13.77 ± 3.76%. The modified Wingate kayaking test on a kayak ergometer was performed by all participants. Blood samples were collected at three different time points: before the test (Pre-T), immediately after (Post-T), and 3 h post-test (Post-3 h). Saliva samples were collected at two different time points: before the test (Pre-T) and 3 h after the test (Post-3 h). Results indicated that acute canoe/kayak ergometry HIIT had significant effects on the percentages and counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and lymphocyte subsets. Additionally, it resulted in increased total LPS-stimulated neutrophil elastase release and alterations in plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TBARS. These findings suggest that conventional kayak HIIT regimens can have short-term effects on immune function and induce oxidative stress in athletes.