Content Of Substances Research Articles

Acidification alleviates the inhibition of hyposaline stress on physiological performance of tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii

Since the Industrial Revolution, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have had a substantial negative impact influence on coastal ecosystems because of direct effects including ocean acidification and indirect effects such as extreme rainfall events. Using a two-factor crossover indoor simulation experiment, this study examined the combined effects of acidification and hyposaline stress on Thalassia hemprichii. Seawater acidification increased the photosynthetic pigment content of T. hemprichii leaves and promoted seagrass growth rate. Hyposaline stress slowed down seagrass growth and had an impact on the osmotic potential and osmoregulatory substance content of seagrass leaves. Acidification and salinity reduction had significant interaction effects on the photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and osmotic potential of T. hemprichii, but not on the growth rate. Overall, these findings have shown that the hyposaline stress inhibitory effect on the T. hemprichii physiological performance and growth may be reduced by acidification.

Influence of Conservation Methods on the sour cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) fruits quality

Objective: Sour cherry fruits (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) belong to the Rosaceae family and are designed as a GRAS ingredient based on the FDA data. Animal experiments and clinical practice confirm that there are many positive pharmacological effects mainly related to anthocyanins. Development of standard regulations for this kind of medicinal plant raw materials is actual to introduce sour cherry fruits into official medical practice. In our research, we investigate macroscopic and microscopic properties and determine the content of tanning substances and anthocyanins in sour cherry fruits of various kinds of conservation. Materials and methods: Modern complex of physicochemical methods was used in pharmacognostical research. Microscopic analysis was performed on a LOMO Micmed-6 microscope with 10× eyepieces, 4×, 10×, 40× and 100× objectives, photographies were taken with a Sony Xperia Z3 compact digital camera. The content of total anthocyanins in terms of cyanidin-3-О-glucoside was determined by differential UV-spectrophotometry, total tannins content – by redox titration. Results and discussion: The anomocytic stomatal complex, fruits pulp druses, anthocyanins containing in the epidermis and fruits pulp cells, and vessels are typical signs for the sour cherry fruits anatomy structure. A conservation method has not to effect on visual representation of diagnostic signs. The contents of tanning substances are little; it is from 2.73±0.08% to 4.12±0.13% in terms of tannin. Maximal anthocyanin contents (in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside and in absolutely dried raw material) were determined in fresh-frozen sour cherry fruits (after defrosting (with juice and without kernel) is 5.40±0.15% or in terms of moisture-containing raw materials (without kernel) – 0.690±0.019%. In the defrosted fruits without juice, the content of anthocyanins is two times lower in terms of completely dried raw material (without kernel), it is 2.77±0.12% or in terms of moisture-containing raw material (without kernel), it is 0.410±0.018%. In the juice released from cherry fruits after defrosting anthocyanin content in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside is of 0.450±0.007% (g/100ml juice), in dried sour cherry fruits (without kernel) – 4.34±0.17%, which is lower than in fresh-frozen raw materials. It can be explained by the varietal features, as well by the conservation conditions; this matter is to be further studied. Contents of tanning substances in fresh-frozen and dried sour cherry fruits when storage during 4 months is insignificantly reduced, but it is established that contents of anthocyanin in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside reduces 1.5 times in 4 months, if the raw material is frozen, and it reduces by 10% if the raw material is dried. Conclusion: Diagnostic signs of macroscopic and microscopic structures, contents of tanning substances and anthocyanins in terms of cyanidin 3-glycoside in sour cherry fruits were studied. The content of the main groups of biologically active substances decreases equally during storage of dried and frozen cherry fruits. When defrosting, it is necessary to carefully collect the juice, as it contains the bulk of the anthocyanins. It is promising to study various options for freezing and drying of cherry fruits with kernels in order to reduce the loss of fruits juice to a minimum. In this case, it is important to ensure that the kernels are whole (not destroyed), in order to avoid the ingress of cyanogenic glycosides into the medicinal plant material. The results will be used to develop normative documentation for sour cherry fruits.

Literature Review: the Effect of Ajwa Dates on Hemoglobin Levels in Perimenopause Women

Ajwa dates or often called prophet dates are types of dates that grow in Saudi Arabia / Al-Madinah Al-Munawara and have significant value in healing several diseases. The content of active substances contained in date extracts such as vitamins B1, B2, nicotinic acid, vitamin complex A, magnesium, calcium and iron which has a function to help the formation of hemoglobin. Perimenopause is an indefinite period of time that surrounds the final years of a woman's reproductive life, usually between the ages of 30-40 years when estrogen levels slowly decline causing menstrual abnormalities. The decrease in estrogen levels in perimenopausal women causes excessive blood loss so that iron deficiency anemia will occur. Objective : To determine the effect of consumption of ajwa dates (Pheonix Dactylifera L) on hemoglobin levels in perimenopausal women. Method : Literature Review with Design Narrative review. Results : Based on the results of research from several literatures that discuss the effects of giving Ajwa Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L) before and after administration, it shows that there are differences in hemoglobin levels. Especially in perimenopausal women who are prone to iron deficiency anemia because Ajwa dates contain high iron, which increases hemoglobin levels. So it is highly recommended for consumption. Conclusion : Ajwa Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L) can increase hemoglobin levels in perimenopausal women.

Used Oil Refining Process by Using Green Tea Waste for Floor Cleaner With An Addition of Pineapple Skin Extract

Used cooking oil is a waste that is produced every day and is increasing. Used cooking oil cannot be consumed again because it contains dangerous substances that will cause disease, but it also cannot be thrown away since it will pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to process used cooking oil, one of which is purification using the adsorption method. The adsorption method for used cooking oil can be derived from green dregs because greens contain antioxidants which can reduce the content of dangerous substances in used cooking oil. In this study, we used variations in adsorbent mass (10 gr, 20 gr, 30 gr, 40 gr, and 50 gr) and stirring time (25 minutes, 45 minutes, 65 minutes, 86 minutes, and 105 minutes) to obtain the highest purification results. was the best and it was found that the adsorbent mass of 50 grams of green dregs and a stirring time of 105 minutes had the best results in being able to reduce the peroxide value, air content and free fatty acids. Next, the purified used cooking oil will be processed into floor cleaning liquid soap with the addition of 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml of pineapple peel extract. The results of the floor cleaning soap showed that the best results were 2 ml based on the alkaline number, pH and anti-bacterial test.

The use of the self-organizing map (SOM) methodology to study the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water body types.

This study investigated the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two distinct water bodies, through the utilization of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with self-organizing map (SOM) methodology. Specifically, this analysis concentrated on neurons 3, 14, and 17 within the SOM model, identifying notable differences in the DOM compositions of a coal subsidence water body (TX) and the MaChang Reservoir (MC). The humic substance content of DOM TX exceeded that of MC. The origin of DOM in TX was primarily linked to agricultural inputs and rainfall runoff, whereas the DOM in MC was associated with human activities, displaying distinctive autochthonous features and heightened biological activity. Principal component analysis revealed that humic substances dominated the DOM in TX, while the natural DOM in MC was primarily autochthonous. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model (MLR) determined that external pollution was responsible for 99.11% of variation in the humification index (HIX) of water bodies.

Cadmium exposure on physiological responses of Erythrophleum fordii seedlings: A comparative study

The adaptability and tolerance of native species to heavy metal-contaminated soils can provide crucial insights for the development of effective heavy metal remediation strategies. Erythrophleum fordii (E. fordii) is a native hardwood species endemic to southern China that exhibits nitrogen fixation and soil improvement capabilities. This study examined the growth and physiological responses of E. fordii seedlings to varying cadmium (Cd) concentrations (control, Cd50, Cd100, Cd150, corresponding to 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm), aimed to ascertain its potential role in phytoremediation efforts. Current results demonstrated that a moderate concentration of Cd (Cd50) significantly enhanced several plant characteristics, including plant height, root biomass, stem biomass, net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, and light saturation point. These observed improvements ranged from 12.15 % to 32.88 %, compared with control. Conversely, the highest Cd level (Cd150) resulted in substantial reductions in plant height, root biomass, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange parameters. Furthermore, malondialdehyde content increased markedly at Cd100 and Cd150 levels by 68.86 % and 118.92 %, respectively. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the content of osmotic regulatory substances (soluble protein and soluble sugar) reached their peaks at Cd100 level, increased by 32.61–88.39 %. This indicated E. fordii's capacity to mitigate Cd-induced stress. Significant correlations were observed between growth indicators, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate, as well as between antioxidant enzymes and osmotic substances. The principal component analysis highlighted the superior performance of E. fordii in Cd50 treatment. The results revealed that moderate Cd promoted growth, photosynthetic activity, and physiological resilience in E. fordii, whereas the highest concentration of Cd (Cd150) was detrimental. These findings offer perceptiveness to the cultivation of E. fordii and its tolerance to heavy metals, with implications for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Geochemical characteristics of the modern Yellow River Delta sediments and their response to evolution of the sedimentary environment

IntroductionSedimentary evolution and river channel changes of large river delta (e.g. Huang River, Changjiang River) in response to environmental changes have been one of the key issues in global change research.MethodsThis study reconstructed sedimentary environment changes in the modern Yellow River Delta (YRD), based on grain size and elemental chemical analysis of two short cores (YDC and YDG) from the southern region of the Qing 8 course delta of the modern YRD. ResultsThe results indicated that the cores YDC and YDG sediment were dominated by silt (58.47% and 67.6%, respectively) with varied grain-size variations and poor sediment sorting. The cores YDC and YDG sediments are both predominantly composed of the major element SiO2, and have an average content of 55.53% and 58.45%, respectively. The R-mode factor analysis showed the content of chemical substances of core sediments was controlled by three factors: grain size, sedimentary provenance, and marine sedimentary dynamics. DiscussionBefore the diversion of the Yellow River to the Qing 8 course in 1996, the two cores sediment were mainly sources from the Yellow River, and both cores were in the delta-front sedimentary environment under weak hydrodynamic conditions. After the Yellow River was diverted to the Qing 8 course, the cores YDC and YDG experienced significant erosion under the nearshore strong waves and tides. And then the sedimentary environment of the YRD changed from siltation to erosion. The results of the study would be helps to further our understanding of the changes in sediment grain size and geochemical element characteristics in the Yellow River estuary, and reveal the evolution of its sedimentary environment.

Characterization of key volatile flavor compounds in dried sausages by HS-SPME and SAFE, which combined with GC-MS, GC-O and OAV

The flavor of three types dried sausage from Guangdong, Sichuan and Harbin were studied by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), sensory evaluation combined with principal component analysis. The results showed that Harbin dried sausage had more prominent spicy flavor attributes, and the varieties and contents of flavor substances were more abundant. Then Harbin dried sausage was selected for further analysis. The flavor dilution factor of 37 aroma components was obtained by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry and aroma extract dilution analysis. 30 compounds were quantitated, and their odor activity values were calculated. The key aroma components were validated by using recombination and omission experiments. The omission experiment of 27 aroma compounds was carried out, and 10 compounds were finally determined as the key aroma active substance. The key aroma components of Harbin dried sausage included hexanoic acid, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, nonanal, acetoin, hydroxyacetone, ethyl hexanoate, eugenol, and p-cresol.

Modified Metal–Organic Framework (MOF-818) inspired by natural enzymes for intelligent detection of total antioxidants and bisphenol A in infant beverages

BackgroundAccurate and quick judgement of the food quality can protect the legitimate rights of consumers. Currently, nanozymes are widely employed in the rapid detection of food due to their stability and economy. The contents of bisphenol A and antioxidant can be used to measure the quality of beverages. However, due to the complexity of the actual samples, it is still challenging to achieve the sensitive detection of both at the same time. The development of nanozyme with high enzyme activity is essential for sensitive detection of targets in complex foods. ResultsIn this work, a novel nanomaterial (ZrTGA) was synthesized based on thioglycolic acid-modified Metal–Organic Framework (MOF-818). The interaction between Cu–S bonds and increase in the proportion of Cu1+ resulted in ZrTGA exhibiting higher peroxidase-like and polyphenol oxidase-like activities. These enzyme activities were 317 % and 200 % of the original values, respectively. With high enzyme activity can sensitively detect two important indicators of bisphenol A and antioxidants in beverages. The increased enzyme activity of ZrTGA enabled the content of both substances to be detected by smartphone extraction of RGB. Finally, through the output of the ''0″ and ''1″ signals of the logic gates, it is possible to quickly determine the level of the two substances and thus directly assess the quality of the beverages. SignificanceThe modification of nanozyme enables the detection of substances at low concentrations based on enhancing dual-enzyme activity. The combination of mobile phone photography and logic gate technology enables the continuous detection of two important indicators in beverages, overcoming the limitations of traditional large-scale instruments. It also provides an alternative strategy for food quality detection.

Mass Yields, Antioxidant and Anti-DU145 Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation Properties of ProSoy Soymilk as Affected by Extraction Methods and Cooking.

Both the soybean variety and processing method affect the end soybean product's characteristics. This study's objective was to characterize the effects of four extraction methods (variations of soaking and grinding) combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances and the antioxidant and anti-DU145 prostate cancer cell proliferation properties of soymilks prepared from a yellow soybean of the ProSoy variety, which is a high-protein variety. The results showed that the soymilk processing yield was the greatest using method 4, although method 2 gave the highest solid and protein yields by about 14 and 12%, respectively. Method 4, a two-step grinding method, also gave increased yields (8 and 7% for solids and proteins, respectively), and in all but one instance produced higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and total isoflavone content values in both raw and cooked soymilks as compared to method 1. Cooking the soymilks reduced 14-17% of their total phenolic substances. Cooking reduced the anti-cancer capacity of the phenolic extracts from the soymilk prepared using method 4 by increasing the IC50 value from about 4.9 mg/mL to 6.8 mg/mL. The increases in phenolic compounds and antioxidants produced in the Prosoy soymilks using methods 2 and 4, with simultaneous increases in product and solid yields, are of significant benefit to the soymilk industry and consumer health.

Experiments on thermal neutralization of marine oily waters

During the operation of the ship's power plant, the formation of oily waters is inevitable. Numerous methods and technologies used on ships do not always ensure the purification of oily waters to the amount of oil content regulated by national and international standards and requirements. In this regard, the development of a new type of installations that allow for the complete purification of oily waters from petroleum products, as well as to reduce their energy and weight and size indicators is relevant. The article presents the first results of experimental studies of the method of thermal neutralization of oily waters, consisting in their spraying in the gas outlet tract of a marine diesel engine, followed by evaporation of water and afterburning of petroleum products from the composition of oily waters with exhaust diesel gases. The research was carried out on a specially designed laboratory stand. The burner of the stand allows to obtain exhaust gases identical in composition and temperature to the exhaust gases in the flue of a marine diesel engine. A gas or liquid medium can be supplied to the flue through the nozzle. Within the framework of the described research period, the influence of the flow rate and composition of the medium supplied to the flue on the temperature at various points of the flue and the resulting composition of the exhaust gases were evaluated. The main task of this stage of the study is to determine the effect of the flow rate and composition of the medium supplied to the flue on the compliance of the gas parameters at the outlet of the installation with the standards for the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines.

EXPANSION OF THE RANGE OF YEAST-FREE BAKERY PRODUCTS MADE USING FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS

Traditionally, biological methods are used to leaven dough semi-finished products in the production of bakery products. However, today consumers are increasingly including yeast-free bakery products in their diet. Given the growing demand for yeastfree bakery products, it is advisable to expand the range of products in this category. To ensure the formation of a developed crumb in yeast-free bakery products, chemical leavening agents are used in their production. Yeast-free bakery products were made using various fermented dairy products: ayran (2,0% fat), kefir (2,5% fat), bifidoyogurt (1,5% fat), and ryazhenka (4,0% fat). To determine the most effective fermented dairy product for the production of high-quality yeast-free bakery products, trial baking was conducted. Experimental dough samples were kneaded using two types of chemical leavening agents - sodium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. The dough was prepared using the straight dough method. The duration of dough resting after kneading was 20-30 minutes. The dough pieces were shaped into "okrayets" (small loaves): the dough was rolled to a thickness of 1,5 cm and the dough pieces were cut out with a cutter, placed on a sheet, and baked in a rack oven at 200-240°C for 16-18 minutes. The research results established that it is advisable to use ryazhenka in the production of yeast-free bakery products using fermented dairy products. At the same time, sodium bicarbonate should be included in the recipe to leaven the crumb. Such a product had the highest comprehensive quality index. Based on organoleptic and microbiological indicators, the product was found to have a shelf life of no more than 48 hours. To improve the taste and aromatic properties of the product, 3% malted barley extract and 4% white crystalline sugar were included in its composition. The developed yeast-free okrayets with ryazhenka was characterized by a higher content of bisulfitebinding substances, indicating an improved aroma of the product and a darker color of the crust and crumb. The developed product meets the body's needs for proteins by 31,5%, fats by 10,5%, carbohydrates by 49,0%, and dietary fiber by 18,3%.

Study on the Water Absorption Characteristics of Anthracite Particles after Immersion in Water.

Reducing pollution caused by coal dust has always been a hot issue in the coal mining industry, and the water absorption of coal particles plays an important role in dust reduction. To study the relationship between different immersion time and the water absorption of coal particles, the substance content of coal particles after immersion was analyzed and water absorption characterization of coal particles was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), water absorption calculations, and water absorption measurements. The results indicate that immersion can alter the material content of coal particles, leading to a decrease in the content of soluble mineral kaolinite, thereby affecting the wettability of coal particles. Notably, the longer the immersion time, the higher the water absorption rate of the particles, indicating a more significant water absorption effect. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between particle sizes and water absorption of coal particles. The research results provide a theoretical reference for reducing coal dust pollution and improving the efficiency of dust suppression through spray.

Performance Evaluation of a Developed Miniature Steam Boiler Using Different Samples of Wood Waste as Fuel for Steam Generation

The adoption of Waste-to-Energy Technology (WTE), which allows solid wastes to be burned in a locally fabricated prototype boiler to generate steam for energy utilization is a response to some of Nigeria's most pressing issues. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of a developed miniature steam boiler using various samples of wood waste as fuel for steam generation. The wood wastes; Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alata were characterized todetermine the proximate and ultimate analysis to ensure better combustion sustainability. The gross heat of combustion of each residue was measured by calculating the wood waste's calorific value. The test results have shown that the wood wastes had a volatile substance content of more than 72%. A low ash content of 3.91%, 2.67%, and 1.93% were obtained for Terminalia ivorensis, Cordia millenii, and Lophira alata. Similarly, for Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alata, the percentages of fixed carbon obtained were 17.98%, 8.95%, and 27.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the calorific values for Cordia millenii, Terminalia ivorensis, and Lophira alataare 20.01 MJ/kg, 21.22 MJ/kg, and 19.99 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides, the electrical energy produced by burning 2 kg of wood waste and the efficiency of the steam boiler were found to be 90.33% and 55 kW. Therefore, Terminalia ivorensis wood waste sample is the best fuel for the steam boiler as compared to Cordia millenii, andLophira alata.

Integration of membrane bioreactor with a weak electric field: Mitigating membrane fouling and improving effluent quality targeting low energy consumption

The electrical assisted MBR (EMBR) has been employed to improve the water quality and solve the fouling problem. However, advanced material-based electrodes or high operation voltage bring difficulties for the practical application of EMBR. Herein, a weak electric field generated by titanium electrodes was employed to establish an EMBR and the fouling mechanism was investigated in detail. The results showed that introduction of a weak electric field at voltage of 0.1 V/cm and current density of 7 μA/cm2 efficiently decreased the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content by over 40 % as such extended the service time of MBR by more than 20 %. Specifically, the weak electric field reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, known for secreting proteinaceous EPS, by 38.61 %, and increased relative abundance of Patescibacteria with EPS decomposition by 6.73 times, thus effectively reducing the EPS concentration. Further KEGG pathway analysis revealed that electric field accelerated enzymatic reactions and promoted microbial metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acid. Furthermore, this weak field reduced the sludge deposition on membrane by increase of the electrostatic repulsion and the irreversible fouling was mediated. According to the composition of the fouling layer, a corresponding cleaning scheme was applied. This EMBR consistently produced high-quality effluent in all cycles, with 99.31 % COD, 98.73 % NH4+-N, 85.87 % TP and 92.66 % TN removals. In conclusion, the weak electric field endow EMBR exceptional anti-fouling ability and superior effluent quality under lower energy consumption.

Residues of veterinary antibiotics in solid natural and organic fertilizers-method development and sample analysis.

Livestock excrement is used around the world as natural fertilizers or, after processing, as organic fertilizers for crops and grasslands. But due to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in them, they may pose a threat not only to the natural environment, mainly to soil microorganisms, but also to human and animal health. This article describes a method for detecting 21 antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers. Antibiotics from fertilizers were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and McIlvain-Na2EDTA buffer, twice. The extracts were purified by solid phase extraction technique on Strata-X cartridges and analyzed with the use UHPLC-MS/MS technique. The method was validated in accordance with EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/808; the obtained recovery ranged from 93.6 to 116.6% (depending on the analytes), and the linearity ranged from 50 to 1000µg/kg. The developed method was used to analyze 73 samples of solid natural and organic fertilizers. Our research has shown that over 38% of natural fertilizers were contaminated with antibiotics, mainly doxycycline in concentrations reaching several dozen milligrams per kilogram of fertilizers. In the case of processed organic fertilizers, the presence of antibiotics was found in over 37% of the analyzed samples. The research results showed that the developed and validated analytical method may be useful for assessing the presence and content of antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers.

The Biostimulation Activity of Two Novel Benzothiadiazole Derivatives in the Tomato Cultivation

Biostimulants are gaining more and more attention in modern agriculture. As follows from the definition, their role is aimed at influencing the plant’s metabolism, which results in increasing the quantitative and qualitative parameters describing the yield. Significant attention should be paid to biostimulants increasing the content of health-promoting substances contained in plants. Treatments with biostimulants should be properly incorporated into existing plant protection schemes, which, of course, requires detailed research in this area. However, reliable research on active substances contained in biostimulants should be made first, and the activity of a given biostimulant must be proven. This work presents the results of a field experiment in tomato cultivation for two new active substances belonging to the group of benzothiadiazoles. The results indicate a positive effect on plant yield and, above all, on the lycopene content in tomato fruits. Increasing the lycopene content in fruit is of key significance, as it opens up opportunities for these active substances to be incorporated into new plant protection programs.

The efficiency of pre-sowing application of humic preparations when applied to European spruce (Picea abies) seeds

ABSTRACT The article discusses the relevance of increasing the sowing qualities of forest seeds. The results of studies on the influence of humic preparations on the sowing qualities of the European spruce (Picea abies) are presented. The positive effect of the studied humic preparations on the germinative energy and germinating ability of seeds was noted. The best effect is obtained when processing seeds which have reduced sowing qualities. The dependence of germinating ability of seeds on duration of soaking in the working solution of humic preparations and the content of the active substance in them has been established. The best indicators of germinating ability and germinative energy were noted when the seeds were soaked for 20 hours in a humic preparation with a humic acid content of 9.9 g/l.

Combination of light quality and melatonin regulates the quality in mustard sprouts

Mustard sprouts is a new form of vegetable product that is gaining attention due to its high content of health-promoting compounds such as glucosinolates. This study investigated the effects of different light qualities (white, red, and blue) alone and in combination with 100 μmol L−1 melatonin on the growth and health-promoting substance content of mustard sprouts. The results showed that white light + melatonin treatment promoted the accumulation of glucosinolates in sprouts (compared with white light increased by 47.89%). The edible fresh weight of sprouts treated with red light + melatonin was the highest, followed by white light + melatonin treatment. In addition, the sprouts treated with blue light + melatonin contained more ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and total phenolics. Therefore, the combined treatment of light quality (especially white light) and melatonin can provide a new strategy to improve the quality of mustard sprouts.

Comparative studies of essential oils from Matricaria recutita L.

The aim of the work is to determine the component composition of the essential oil of medicinal chamomile, grown on the educational and research site of medicinal plants of Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University (ZSMPHU), and commercial essential oil that was purchased via the Internet. Materials and methods. The object of the study was chamomile essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and commercial oil. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the components of essential oils was established using the chromato-mass spectrometric method on a high-performance gas chromatograph “Agilent 7890B GC System” (Agilent, SantaClara, CA, USA) with a mass spectrometric detector “Agilent 5977 BGC/MSD” (Agilent, SantaClara, CA, USA). Results. Dominant compounds of essential oil of chamomile, grown on the educational and research site of medicinal plants ZSMPHU were 2H-pyran-3-ol, tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl) ) – 7.54 %, chamazulene – 5.32 %, alpha-bisabolol – 4.30 %, 1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-3,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene – 3.25 %, myrtenyl acetate – 3.03 %, azulene, 1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl) – 2.16 %, bisabolol oxide B – 1.86 %. Commercial chamomile essential oil was dominated by 3-methoxy-3-methylbutanol (56.15 %), diethyl phthalate (17.46 %), linalyl acetate (6.99 %), linalool (4.41 %). Conclusions. Industrial cultivation of chamomile in southern Ukraine shows a high biologically active substances content and can be in demand in the pharmaceutical industry’s consumer market for raw materials.