Polyester Content Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of Denim Fabric Performances from Cotton/Polyester Blended Rigid and Stretched Yarns

Cotton and polyester fiber blends are commonly used to improve the aesthetic features of finished items. The denim industry’s growing need for polyester fiber aids in analyzing the performance of denim fabrics woven from rigid and stretched weft yarn combined with cotton and polyester. This study evaluates the weight, dimensional changes, stiffness, tensile and tearing strength, stretch, and comfort properties of denim fabric woven from cotton and polyester in various blended ratios. Here, Ne 14/1 (42 tex) 100% cotton warp yarn and Ne 18/1 (33 tex) weft yarns, consisting of 100% cotton, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 cotton/polyester (CO/PES) blends, as well as 100% polyester, were used to produce 3/1 Z twill denim fabric. The weft yarns were categorized into three groups: rigid, core-spun, and dual-core-spun yarns. Experimental results showed a higher polyester content in weft yarn, and denim fabrics’ tensile and tearing strength was improved, whereas fabrics’ weight loss, dimensional changes, and stretch properties were reduced. Furthermore, different statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the type of weft yarn and blending ratio interaction and correlation with fabric properties. Additionally, a regression model was developed with the weft yarn type and blending ratio as independent variables to predict the fabric properties.

From waste to advanced resource: Techno-economic and life cycle assessment behind the integration of polyester recycling and glucose production to valorize fast fashion garments

This work demonstrates the technical, economical, and environmental viability of integrating enzymatic hydrolysis, mechanical refining, and total chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes for industrial-scale production of glucose from textile waste. The process features an innovative mechanical refining pretreatment coupled with TCF oxidation of dyes to achieve over 90% improvement in enzymatic hydrolysis yields of cotton textile waste while also promoting the purification and recycling of synthetic fibers. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis was performed based on a 14,000 bone dry tons (BD tons) annual glucose production line, utilizing both 100% cotton and cotton/polyester blends, reveals capital investments ranging from USD 5.6 to 7.9 million, with manufacturing costs per ton of glucose varying between USD 215 and USD 475, depending on the textile blend used. The cotton/polyester 50/50 blend scenario had the lowest minimum selling price (USD 290 per ton of glucose) due to the revenue from the unhydrolyzed synthetic fibers, which are a valuable and key co-product. A sensitivity analysis highlights the significant influence of recycled polyester content and market prices on the economics. Additionally, a life cycle assessment was performed to compare the carbon footprint of the four scenarios. In contrast to other existing pretreatments that can contribute to up to 70% of the emissions in enzymatic hydrolysis of textiles, the mechanical refining pretreatment can contribute as low as 10% of the total emissions in the process proposed in this work. While certain challenges remain, such as the development of a robust supply chain model, the conversion pathway shown in this work for upcycling cotton textile waste into value-added chemicals represents a promising opportunity to combat textile landfilling and foster the circular economy within the industry.

Wie viel Polyester steckt in der Altkleidersammlung? Ergebnisse einer Voruntersuchung aus Wien

ZusammenfassungTextilien, vor allem Bekleidungs- und Heimtextilien, sind eine der ältesten und wichtigsten Produktkategorien der Menscheinheitsgeschichte. Heute werden Textilien und vor allem Alttextilien auch im Zuge der Kreislaufwirtschaft diskutiert. Um kreislaufwirtschaftliche Lösungen für Alttextilien wie Wiederverwendung und auch die stoffliche Verwertung zu forcieren, ist es jedoch notwendig, die Zusammensetzung von Alttextilien zu kennen. In diesem Beitrag wird dies am Beispiel von Alttextilien aus der Altkleidersammlung in Wien untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Bekleidungs- und Heimtextilien, und hier wiederum auf den wichtigsten Fasermaterialien für diese, nämlich Baumwolle und vor allem Polyester, da letzteres die globale Produktion dominiert. Für die Untersuchung wurden im Herbst 2021 ca. 220 kg Alttextilienproben aus vier Containern der Altkleidersammlung der Magistratsabteilung MA 48 der Stadt Wien entnommen und nach Produkt und Labelinformation zum Fasermaterial sortiert.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der analysierte Inhalt der beprobten Altkleidersammelcontainer hauptsächlich aus Alttextilien bestand. Diese wiederum setzten sich zu etwa einem Drittel aus überwiegend baumwollhaltigen Materialien und zu rund einem Zehntel aus überwiegend polyesterhaltigen Materialien zusammen. Etwas weniger als ein Drittel der Textilien besaß kein Label, wodurch auch eine exakte Zuordnung nach Fasermaterial nicht möglich war. Der Rest waren sonstige Fasermaterialien sowie komplexe Textilien. Unter der Annahme, dass die Zusammensetzung der Textilien ohne Label jener mit Label entspricht, setzte sich die Ware in den untersuchten Altkleidersammelcontainern zu 40 % aus überwiegend baumwollhaltigen Materialien, zu 21 % aus komplexen Textilien, zu 16 % aus Schuhen und sonstigen Nicht-Textilien, zu 12 % aus überwiegend polyesterhaltigen Materialien und zu 11 % aus sonstigen Textilien zusammen. Das bedeutet, dass in der untersuchten Sammelware der Anteil an Polyester bedeutend geringer war als in der globalen Faserproduktion.Ob ein ähnliches Ergebnis auch bei größer angelegten Textilsortierkampagnen erzielt werden kann, ist nicht nur Gegenstand aktueller Untersuchungen, sondern soll in Zukunft auch noch weiter forciert werden, um ein flächendeckendes Bild für möglichst viele Regionen in Österreich zeichnen zu können. Außerdem muss die Analyse mehr ins Detail gehen. Dann erst ist es möglich, das Potenzial an Alttextilien vor allem für das Recycling in Österreich darzustellen. Dies wiederum ist die Voraussetzung für die Planung von Sortieranlagen sowie die Entwicklung mechanischer und vor allem chemisch-physikalischer Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Störstoffen in grundsätzlich recyclingfähigen Textilien.

Insights into the Distinct Behaviors between Bifunctional and Binary Organoborane Catalysts through Terpolymerization of Epoxide, CO2, and Anhydride.

Alkyl borane compounds-mediated polymerizations have expanded to Lewis pair polymerization, free radical polymerization, ionic ring-opening polymerization, and polyhomologation. The bifunctional organoborane catalysts that contain the Lewis acid and ammonium or phosphonium salt in one molecule have demonstrated superior catalytic performance for ring-opening polymerization of epoxides and ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and CO2 than their two-component analogues, i.e., the blend of organoborane and ammonium or phosphonium salt. To explore the origin of the differences of the one-component and two-component organoborane catalysts, here we conducted a systematic investigation on the catalytic performances of these two kinds of organoborane catalysts via terpolymerization of epoxide, carbon dioxide and anhydride. The resultant terpolymers produced independently by bifunctional and binary organoborane catalyst exhibited distinct microstructures, where a series of gradient polyester-polycarbonate terpolymers with varying polyester content were afforded using the bifunctional catalyst, while tapering diblock terpolymers were obtained using the binary system. The bifunctional catalyst enhances the competitiveness of CO2 insertion than anhydride, which leads to the premature incorporation of CO2 into the polymer chains and ultimately results in the formation of gradient terpolymers. DFT calculations revealed the role of electrostatic interaction and charge distribution caused by intramolecular synergistic effect for bifunctional organoborane catalyst.

Insights into the Distinct Behaviors between Bifunctional and Binary Organoborane Catalysts through Terpolymerization of Epoxide, CO2, and Anhydride

AbstractAlkyl borane compounds‐mediated polymerizations have expanded to Lewis pair polymerization, free radical polymerization, ionic ring‐opening polymerization, and polyhomologation. The bifunctional organoborane catalysts that contain the Lewis acid and ammonium or phosphonium salt in one molecule have demonstrated superior catalytic performance for ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides and ring‐opening copolymerization of epoxides and CO2 than their two‐component analogues, i.e., the blend of organoborane and ammonium or phosphonium salt. To explore the origin of the differences of the one‐component and two‐component organoborane catalysts, here we conducted a systematic investigation on the catalytic performances of these two kinds of organoborane catalysts via terpolymerization of epoxide, carbon dioxide and anhydride. The resultant terpolymers produced independently by bifunctional and binary organoborane catalyst exhibited distinct microstructures, where a series of gradient polyester‐polycarbonate terpolymers with varying polyester content were afforded using the bifunctional catalyst, while tapering diblock terpolymers were obtained using the binary system. The bifunctional catalyst enhances the competitiveness of CO2 insertion than anhydride, which leads to the premature incorporation of CO2 into the polymer chains and ultimately results in the formation of gradient terpolymers. DFT calculations revealed the role of electrostatic interaction and charge distribution caused by intramolecular synergistic effect for bifunctional organoborane catalyst.

Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Bagasse/Eggshell/E-glass Fiber-based Polyester Composite

Currently, numerous researchers, scientists, and industrialists are drawn towards utilizing natural fillers rather than synthetic ones because of their environmentally-friendly characteristics, lower density per unit volume and favorable mechanical attributes. Several studies have demonstrated that using organic filler in polyester matrix composites, instead of disposing of them in landfills, has various advantages. The current study focuses on the investigation of the mechanical characteristics of composite material made from a combination of bagasse, eggshell, and e-glass fibers exhibit characteristics such as strength under tension, strength under bending, resistance to indentation, and mass per unit volume. Different weight percentages of eggshell/bagasse were used to make the material using the hand lay-up technique (3wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, and 12wt%), with 19wt% of glass fiber mixed in the resin. The use of inorganic fillers like calcium carbonate, a non-renewable mineral that may be expensive and environmentally hazardous to extract and process, is being reduced in favor of organic fillers like eggshell and bagasse, which are inexpensive and readily available. Specimens were generated by interposing fiber waste amidst chopped strand glass fiber mats, with variations in the bagasse, eggshell and polyester content, while keeping the amount of E-glass fiber constant. Afterward, the specimens were trimmed to the appropriate dimensions and subjected to analysis with a universal apparatus. The research showed that enhancing the quantity of bagasse/eggshell fiber within the hybrid composite resulted in an enhancement of its mechanical characteristics. The best reinforcement effect was observed in a hybrid composite with 6% bagasse/eggshell fiber.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF BROMINE-CONTAINING BICYCLIC UNSATURATED POLYESTERS

A method for obtaining bromine-containing bicyclic unsaturated polyesters by the interaction of 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexabromobicyclo-[2,2,1]-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, propanetriol and maleic anhydride was developed. It was found that unsaturated polyethers synthesized by a two-step method have a higher molecular weight (3130), density (1.461 g/cm3), viscosity (105 St) and ether number (400 ml KOH/g). It was found that the compositions of epoxy resin ED-20 with unsaturated polyether obtained by method III possess higher tensile strength (90 MPa), higher relative elongation (9%), higher Vicat resistance (2500C) than unmodified epoxy resin. It was shown that in comparison with pure epoxy resin ED-20, its composition with unsaturated polyester synthesized by method I and cured in the presence of polyethylene polyamine (ED-20: unsaturated polyester: polyethylene polyamine), has flame retardant properties, high tensile strength, higher relative elongation and thermal resistance by Vicat. The best results are achieved when the content of unsaturated polyester in the composition is 20%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton/Polyester Based Fibers for Shoe Uppers and Lining Products

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of various textile materials based on polyester and cotton for shoe uppers and lining. For that purpose, the influence of the ratio of a mixture of cotton and polyester fibers on the quality of the fabric was investigated. As a result, fabrics with the same composition but different yarn numbers differed from each other in specified properties. With an increase in the content of polyester, all specified properties increase except for vapor permeability, which makes it possible to correctly select the composition of fabrics for shoes.

Study of the Tensile and Bending Stiffness Behavior of Antistatic and Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics

Abstract The influence of fabric treatments, fabric structure and yarn composition on the strength, elasticity and bending stiffness behavior of developed antistatic knitted fabrics was investigated for daily wear clothing. 1×1 rib knit fabrics showed higher elongation and strength than half-Milano rib knit fabrics, with high elongation in the wale direction of the fabrics. An increase in antistatic polyester content causes an increase in the tensile strength of the fabrics. Fabric treatments were found to be highly influential with respect to the properties of the knitted fabrics developed. Dyed and softened fabrics showed lower stiffness, while the antibacterial finished group showed increased bending stiffness.

Design and characterization of BSAS-polyester abradable environmental barrier coatings (A/EBCs) on SiC/SiC composites

This study aims to develop an abradable coating suitable for silicon carbide-based ceramic matrix composites (SiC-CMCs) and further clarify the coating performance. BSAS-polyester abradable environmental barrier coatings (A/EBCs) are designed and prepared on SiC-CMCs using atmospheric plasma spraying technology, which consists of four layers: a Si bond layer, mixed layer (mullite/BSAS), BSAS layer, and additional porous BSAS coating as the abradable layer. The microstructure, bond strength, and rubbing behavior of the coating are characterized. A stable monoclinic-BASA phase is obtained via the heat treatments at 1175–1200 °C, and no phase transformation occurs at 1200 °C for 300 h. The minimum coating hardness is (57.7 ± 2.0) HR45Y with a porosity of approximately 30 % when the polyester content is 8 %. The abradability of CMC and BSAS-polyester A/EBCs with DD6 superalloy at 1100 °C is evaluated by rubbing rig test. Under an incursion rate of 30 μm/s and blade tip speed of 450 m/s, the incursion depth ratio (IDR) of naked CMC is 86.1 %, which is insufficient to provide acceptable abradability to the DD6 superalloy owing to the cracks in the substrate. By contrast, the IDR of the A/EBCs with polyester content of 4 % and 8 % decreases to 69.2 % and 22.4 %, respectively. This study confirmed that BSAS-polyester A/EBCs could improve the abradable performance of CMC significantly at high temperatures up to 1100 °C, and the work can promote the practical application of A/EBCs.

The Effect of Fabric Structure and Ultrasonic Welding Process on the Performance of the Spunlace Surgical Gowns

This study investigates the effects of fabric properties and ultrasonic welding on the performance of surgical gowns. For this purpose, eight spunlace fabrics with different structural properties were provided. First, the fabrics’ thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, air permeability, drape behavior, and surface friction properties were investigated. Then the fabrics were sewn with the ultrasonic sewing machine. Afterward, the sewn fabrics’ seam strength, air permeability and drape behavior were tested. The results were statistically evaluated. Based on the data obtained, a detailed comparison was made between the fabrics with respect to the expectations of the surgical gowns. The higher the polyester content in the fabric, the higher the fabric strength, seam strength and air permeability. However, viscose-rich fabrics have a softer hand and are easier to drape compared to polyester fabrics. Moreover, sewing process leads to a decrease in the drape and air permeability of the fabrics.

Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns

The influence of polyester content, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics produced from 100% bamboo, 80:20 bamboo/polyester and 60:40 bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns has been studied. Comfort properties, such as air permeability, moisture vapour transmission, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance properties have been analyzed with three different twist levels and loop lengths. Box–Behnken, a three level three factorial design software, has been used to study the interactive effect of core-sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics, response surface equations are derived and the design variables are optimized. It is found that the increase in bamboo content in the core yarns having high twist and loop length increases the moisture vapour transmission and thermal conductivity of the knitted fabrics. The air permeability and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics are found to be higher as the polyester component is increased. High twist and loop length increase the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

Evaluation of yarn and fabric properties of environmentally friendly and sustainable chiengora fibers from Pomeranian dog breed for textile applications

ABSTRACT This study envisages prospective usage of chiengora fibers from pomeranian dog breed for textile applications. The pomeranian dog hair which is otherwise thrown as waste is made into knitted fabrics of 2 × 2 rib structure. The chiengora fibers are blended with polyester and acrylic in seven different blend proportions and yarns are produced using rotor spinning machine. The yarn and fabric properties are evaluated, compared with previous studies and the results are presented. The fiber loss in carding is higher at 5.83% for 100% chiengora yarns. The yarn properties depreciate with higher content of chiengora in the yarn. However, yarn quality index is better for 50/50 chiengora polyester content yarns at 6.77 similar to 6.78 of 25/75 chiengora acrylic yarns. The fabric properties dwindle with more chiengora content but better thermal insulation property with a clo value of 0.524 is observed for 100% pomeranian fabric. It is 29% higher than 100% woolen fabrics. One way ANOVA confirms significant difference in all the yarn and fabric properties between different blend proportions of each group. Specific end uses are provided for all the produced fabrics thereby leading to effective utilization of a sustainable fiber.

STUDY OF RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION REACTION OF UNSATURATED POLYESTERS WITH ACRYLIC ACID

One of the promising and inexpensive types of raw materials, taking into account the use of modern technologies for the production of sealing and adhesive materials, are unsaturated polyesters of various compositions.The aimof this work is to study the reaction of radical copolymerization of polyethylene(propylene)-glycolfumarate with acrylic acid in a dioxane solution at various molar ratios of the initial polymer-monomer mixture. Methodology.The composition of the copolymers was identifiedby HPLC spectroscopy by analyzing the mother liquors, the structure was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The copolymerization kinetics was studied by the dilatometric method. The degree of swelling of the copolymers was determined by the gravimetric method, and their degree of unsaturation, by the bromid-bromate method. Radical copolymerization constants calculated by the Mayo-Lewis integral method.The results obtainedindicate thatfor any composition of the initial polymer-monomer mixture, the composition of the copolymer is enriched with acrylic acid links, and with an increase in its content in the initial polymer-monomer mixture, the reaction rate increases significantly.An increase in the content of unsaturated polyester in the initial polymer-monomer mixture leads to a decrease in the ability of the copolymer to absorb moisture, which makes it possible to assume their use as bases in the production of sealing and adhesive materials. Conclusion. An analysis of the numerical values of the copolymerization constants showed a higher activity of acrylic acid in comparison with unsaturated polyesters, thereby confirming the previously put forward assumption aboutthe relatively lower reactive ability of the latter.

Bending behavior of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with different recycled and virgin polymer fibers

This study evaluated Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypropylene (PP) or recycled polyester (POL) fibers inserted in a matrix with elevated silica fume content. Several PP (2.2–2.6%) and POL (2.3–2.7%) contents were tested and compared to a compound containing 2.0% PVA. Flexural bending strength tests, the bending rupture modulus, number and width of cracks and deformation were measured at 5 different curing ages (7, 14, 28, 56 e 84 days). The test results also showed that in the fresh state, ECCPVA2.0 presented the best result with an average spread of 255 mm, followed by ECCPP2.4 and ECCPOL2.3. All Γ values obtained confirmed that all composites attained plastic consistency. In the hardened state, composites with POL fibers had tensile strength performance similar to PVA fibers with regards to deformation, deflection, rupture modulus, average crack width and number of cracks. In addition, ECCPOL2.7 demonstrated mechanical properties superior to ECCPVA2.0. So, the use of 2.7% POL content resulted in strengths higher than the reference PVA compound and demonstrated the potential of POL fibers in ECC development at ages over 28 days. The use of recycled POL fibers, at a content of 2.7%, resulted in an increase in the ductility of the composite, reaching the values of ECC-PVA at 28 and 84 days. On the other hand, PP composites did not present the expected behavior of an ECC. More specifically, the matrix had high tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and tenacity, which limited crack formation and overloaded the reinforcement fibers. Thus, PP fibers were deemed incompatible for ECCs with rich matrices.

AtMYB31 is a wax regulator associated with reproductive development in Arabidopsis.

AtMYB31, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor that modulates wax biosynthesis in reproductive tissues, is involved in seed development in Arabidopsis. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play important roles in plant development; yet, the exact role of each of them remains to be resolved. Here we report that the Arabidopsis AtMYB31 is required for wax biosynthesis in epidermis of reproductive tissues, and is involved in seed development. AtMYB31 was ubiquitously expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues with higher expression levels in siliques and seeds, while AtMYB31 was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Loss of function of AtMYB31 reduced wax accumulation in the epidermis of silique and flower tissues, disrupted seed coat epidermal wall development and mucilage production, altered seed proanthocyanidin and polyester content. AtMYB31 could direct activate expressions of several wax biosynthetic target genes. Altogether, AtMYB31, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulates seed development in Arabidopsis.

Performance evaluation of hot mix asphalt using textile waste

Polyester (PET) is used in asphalt binder to improve the sustainability and performance of the road. Modification of asphalt has become a serious demand these days due to performance requirements caused by significant traffic and heavy vehicles. Asphalt alone cannot bear the stresses. The Marshall Mix design method is used for testing treated and untreated asphalt samples. The properties of all asphalt samples were compared. The best combination of asphalt and PET for best performance is based on the study of PET content used in the mix of PET/Asphalt, i.e., 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The following tests were performed on the asphalt samples for various aspects of performance: stability test, flow test, air voids, voids filled with asphalt (VFA), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and OAC. Polyester waste is utilized in road construction which has been proved helpful to improve the performance of conventional road construction and provide reliability in a sustainable approach. An asphalt grade of 60/70 was taken for evaluation.

Investigating the Liquid Moisture Transport Behavior of Cotton and Polyester Cotton Blended Woven Fabric

This study focused on the effects of varying the warp and weft densities and blend ratio on the overall liquid transport behavior of plain woven 100% cotton and polyester/cotton blended fabric. Overall Moisture Management Capability (OMMC) and Accumulative One-way Transport Index (AOTI) along with wetting and spreading time of the top and bottom surfaces was measured on moisture management tester. The results were used as a basis to grade the fabric for its moisture transport behavior. It was observed that polyester/cotton blends have an overall higher accumulative one-way transport index and overall moisture management capability than 100% cotton fabric. Furthermore, an increase in the polyester content in the fabric resulted in a significant increase in the transport of moisture. However less number of warp and weft yarns in the blended fabric improved the overall moisture management capability of the fabric.

Effects of Monomer Compatibility on Sizing Performance of Chitosan-g-P(MA-co-AM)

To impart good application performance to chitosan (CS) sizes for high polyester content warp yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers, with a variation in feed molar ratio from 1:9 to 4:6, were grafted onto the molecular chains of native CS to obtain CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) products, with similar grafting ratios through a K2S2O8-NaHSO3 redox system. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA and AM on sizing performance of the CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) for high polyester content warp were studied. Grafting MA and AM with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of CS is an effective method to improve the application performance of CS sizes. In view of the overall performance of the CS- g-P(MA- co-AM) sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AM should be 3:7.

Development and Characterization of Knitted Fabrics for Better Sensorial Comfort Properties in Sportswear by Using Grey Rational Analysis

ABSTRACT Sportswear textile is the interface between consumers, clothing and the environment in conjunction with human physiology. In this study, multi-response optimization of sensorial comfort properties of terry and fleece knitted sportswear fabrics was planned by varying areal densities (GSM) and fiber content under Taguchi-based gray rational technique. The L36 Taguchi orthogonal array was used to develop thirty-six samples out of which 18 samples were washed in order to determine the effect of washing, areal density and fiber content on sensorial comfort of fabrics. From the results it was revealed that washing process caused positive influence on crease recovery rate, smoothness score, and resilience while slight reduction in drapability and softness was observed after washing process. It was found that as the polyester content was increased from 20 to 40% the sensory characteristics of both terry and fleece fabrics were increased. Similarly, the areal density of fabric also caused significant influence on sensory attributes of clothing comfort. Based on Taguchi gray rational optimization, the optimum fabric parameters were found to be terry fabric, after wash, 240 GSM and 60/40 cotton: polyester content for simultaneously achieving good sensorial comfort properties for sportswear fabric.