Malondiadehyde Content Research Articles

Effects of cytokinin and abscisic acid on heat resistance of Vetiveria zizanioides

Vetiveria zizanioides is ideal in maintaining soil and water, and is widely used for remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. However, it is affected by high-temperature stress. In this study, Vetiveria zizanioides plants were sprayed with 6-BA and ABA in a growth chamber 1 d before heat stress treatment, then the plants were subjected to high-temperature conditions. Relative water content, relative electrical conductivity, contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as the antioxidative substances, and content of malondiadehyde (MDA) were determined. Also, the antioxidative enzyme activities and the osmoprotectants levels were detected. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of leaves and roots in Vetiveria zizanioides was observed for determination of hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The results showed that relative water content was decreased, relative electrical conductivity and MDA content were increased by the heat stress treatment. Under high-temperature conditions, relative water content was increased and relative electrical conductivity was decreased by 6-BA and ABA treatments. At the middle and the late stages of the heat stress treatment, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of ASA and GSH in leaves of the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated plants were significantly higher, whereas the MDA content was significantly lower than those in the high-temperature controls. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation levels in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves and roots were lower than in the high-temperature controls. Contents of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves were significantly higher than those in the high-temperature controls. Proline content in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves was stable. The results suggested that the enhancement of the heat resistance by 6-BA and ABA treatments was correlated with the activation of the antioxidant system, as well as the sugar-based osmoprotectant.

Effect of intestinal bubble accumulation on antioxidant enzyme and lysozyme activities in the tissues of <italic>Pampus argenteus</italic>

In order to investigate the effect of intestinal bubble accumulation on the antioxidant capacity of silver pomfret <italic>Pampus argenteus</italic>, fifteen diseased fish were chosen as diseased group[(11.7±0.8)cm, (42.8±4.1)g] and fifteen healthy fish as control group [(12.5 ± 0.7)cm, (48.6 ± 5.6)g]. These fish were collected from Fuding research center of East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute in March 2019. Liver, kidney, muscle, and gill tissues of each group were collected and used to test their superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, malondiadehyde content and total antioxidant capacity, and kidney and gill tissues of each group were collected and used to test their lysozyme activity. The experimental results showed that the total antioxidant capacity of liver, gill and kidney of the diseased fish group decreased, and it decreased significantly in the liver and kidney(<italic>P</italic> <0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity in muscle was significantly higher than that in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05); the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver and muscle of the diseased group was significantly lower than that in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05); the malondiadehyde content in liver and muscle was significantly higher than that in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05), but the malondiadehyde content in gill and kidney were significantly lower than those in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05); lysozyme activity of gill was significantly higher than that in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.05). Results show that: 1) During the intestinal bubble accumulation, the antioxidant enzyme activity of liver and muscle tissues of <italic>Pampus argenteus</italic> is impacted strongly. The antioxidant enzyme activity indicators of these two tissues can be used for the detection and pathological analysis of the disease; 2) The accumulation of bubbles in fish intestines is likely to be accompanied by bacterial infections, but still needs further verification.

荒漠绿洲过渡带不同年限雨养梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)对土壤水分变化的响应

通过调查分析河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带不同种植年限（5、10、20、30和40a）人工梭梭生理生化变化（叶片渗透调节物质、丙二醛和叶绿素含量，根系活力）和个体形态特征（叶片、枝条和茎干生物量、枯枝落叶比、株高、冠幅等）以揭示不同种植年限雨养梭梭对土壤水分变化的响应机制。研究结果表明：随着梭梭种植年限增加，人工梭梭林内深层100-120cm和180-200cm土壤水分变化明显，在5-20a保持在3%-4%，而在种植后期（30-40a）土壤水分下降到1%-2%左右。在5-20a，梭梭主要通过显著提高叶片渗透调节物质可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量，维持叶片较低的丙二醛含量和较高的叶绿素含量，保持新叶光合能力；同时，显著提高0-20cm根系的活力，增强对表层土壤水分的吸收能力；但在30-40a，梭梭叶片渗透调节物质明显减少，梭梭叶片丙二醛含量增加，叶绿素含量下降，同时叶绿素a，b比例失调，渗透调节作用失效，梭梭叶片老化，老叶比例明显增加，光合作用能力下降，枝条和茎干退化严重，个体生物量进一步减少，在40a梭梭叶片、枝条和茎干生物量下降到最低值。研究表明在年降水100mm左右的荒漠绿洲过渡带，在种植梭梭5-20a土壤水分为3%-4%，梭梭可以通过生理调节适应土壤干燥，但是从30a土壤水分下降到1%-2%时，梭梭主要通过枯枝落叶降低个体蒸腾耗水量，在40a梭梭进入休眠（假死）状态，这暗示土壤水分下降到1%-2%，可能是梭梭的临界吸收土壤水分。;In a typical desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor, we examined the eco-physiological and individual morphological responses of artificial rain-fed Haloxylon ammodendron in different plantation ages (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40a) under different soil water stresses imposed by high evapotranspiration and limited precipitation. The results showed that the soil moisture in 100-120 cm and 180-200 cm decreased sharply with the increase of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation age, especially after 30-40 years, the soil moisture decreased from 3%-4% to 1%-2%. In the early stages of 5-20a, Haloxylon ammodendron could respond to the fluctuations of soil moisture by increasing the osmotic adjustment substances (i.e. soluble sugar and soluble protein) and chlorophyll content and decreasing the Malondiadehyde (MDA) content of leaves to maintain the photosynthetic capacity of young leaves. Meanwhile, the vitality of feeder roots in the 0-20 cm increased significantly to absorb soil water at shallow depths. However, from 30 to 40 years, the osmotic adjustment substance and chlorophyll content in Haloxylon ammodendron leaves significantly decreased with the increase of MDA content, indicating that the function of eco-physiological regulation failed. The morphological adjustments of Haloxylon ammodendron occurred when the soil moisture decreased to 1%-2% after 30-40 years through reducing the biomass of leaf, branches and stems to lower the values of transpiration water consumption amount. These results indicated that in the arid desert-oasis ecotone with annual precipitation about 100 mm, Haloxylon ammodendron could alleviate the stress of soil moisture through physiological responses when the soil moisture kept at 3%-4% at the early ages of 5-20 years; however, after 30-40 years when the soil moisture decreased to 1%-2%, Haloxylon ammodendron could lose the old leaves, branches and stem to keep a dormant state (fake death).

Effects of Morroniside on the Viability of Random Skin Flaps in Rats

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether morroniside can improve the survival of ischemic skin flaps in rats. Methodology: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (control group and treatment group). Modified McFarlane flaps were performed (causally based, 9 cm × 3 cm). The percentage of survival of each flap was calculated. Flap blood flows were measured by Laser-Doppler flowmeter. Flap vasculature was assessed by angiography after Lead oxide-gelatin injection. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated by immunochemistry. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) level and malondiadehyde (MDA) content were determined using assay kits. Results: At the seventh postoperative day, the morroniside-treated rats showed a higher percentage of flap survival than the control rats. Flap perfusion and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly elevated in the morroniside-treated group. In the treatment group, the distal section of the flap was nearly saturated with contrast agent, while in the control group, the contrast agent perfused only half of the flap. In the treatment group, morroniside administration significantly increased SOD level and reduced MDA content. Conclusion: Morroniside can enhance ischemic flap survival.

Impairment of spatial learning and memory and changes of oxidative stress in hippocampus from Type 1 diabetic mice

To investigate the relevance between spatial learning and memory impairment and the changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in hippocampus from Type 1 diabetic mice. Methods: Sixty male mice were randomly assigned into a control group (NC group, 20 mice) and a Type 1 diabetic group (DM group, 40 mice). Type 1 diabetic mouse models were established by a large dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg). The spatial learning and memory abilities of mice were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test. After MWM test, we chose 20 mice (diabetic encephalopathy mice) with the worst spatial learning and memory abilities from diabetic model group, and detected the iNOS activity, SOD activity and MDA content in hippocampus in both groups. Results: Compared with the NC group, the escape latency was significantly extended and platform crossings were significantly declined in diabetic mice (P<0.01). Furthermore, the activity of iNOS and the content of MDA were markedly increased, and the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in hippocampus of diabetic encephalopathy mice (P<0.01). Conclusion: The established Type 1 diabetic mice show symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, which might be related to the increase of oxidative stress in hippocampus.

Effects of simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in rabbits

To investigate the effects of simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving on tissue inflammatory cytokines in rabbits. Eight New Zealand rabbits were performed a simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving program which was established according to the Haldane theory. The expression levels of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), myeloperoxidase(MPO) and matrix metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9) in rabbits lung and brain tissues were detected by Elisa after diving decompression. The tissue wet/dry ratio was calculated. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione(GSH), catalase(CAT), malondiadehyde(MDA) and lipid peroxide(LPO) were detected by Elisa method in rabbits before and after diving. The expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MPO and MMP-9 in simulated diving group rabbits were significantly increased compared with the intact group(P<0.05, P<0.01); the simulated diving rabbits tissues wet/dry ratio had no significant changes compared with the intact group. After diving, the activities of SOD and GSH were decreased significantly (P<0.01), while the contents of CAT, MDA and LPO were increased significantly (P<0.01). The simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving had significant impact on oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in rabbits, the results of wet/dry ratio showed that the diving rabbits had no tissue edema after decompression.

Effects of yttrium under lead stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa

Yttrium is a main kind of rare earth elements (REEs) with wide applications in modern industry and farming. Lead has been considered to be one of the most important heavy metal pollutants due to its environmental persistence and tendency. In order to clarify the effects of REEs on cyanobacteria in case of suffering heavy metal pollutants, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of yttrium ion (Y3+) on the common blue-green microalgae Microcystis aeruginosa, grown under conditions of lead ion (Pb2+) stress. Growth and physiological status were tested involving several important enzyme of antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), soluble sugar and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in cultured experiments. Results indicated that growth of M. aeruginosa was stimulated when treated less than 0.50 mg/L Y3+ and 0.20 mg/L is the optimum concentration. With the increasing content of Chl-a and activity of SOD, POD, CAT at the 12th day at relatively low concentration of Y3+ treatment (≤0.20 mg/L), enhancement of photosynthesis and the improvement of eliminating active oxygen on M. aeruginosa were observed. On the contrast, soluble sugar content on algae reduced as the treatment of initial Y3+ concentration was in the range of 0.00–0.50 mg/L. Besides, there was a significant accumulation in both contents of MDA and MC-LR exposed from 1.00 to 5.00 mg/L Y3+, indicating that the ruin of antioxidant defense system and further aggravation to the existence of algal cell may be due to MC-LR releasing. M. aeruginosa might suffer a more positive physiological impact for exposure of relatively low Y3+ concentration against Pb2+ stress harm, which provided a far-reaching significance on blue-green algae research.

Effects of waterborne Cu and Cd on anti-oxidative response, lipid peroxidation and heavy metals accumulation in abalone Haliotis discus hannai ino

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of waterborne copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on survival, anti-oxidative response, lipid peroxidation and metal accumulation in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Experimental animals (initial weight: 7.49 g ± 0.01 g) were exposed to graded concentrations of waterborne Cu (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg L−1) or Cd (0.025, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 mg L−1) for 28 days, respectively. Activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidases, GPx; glutathione S-transferase, GST), contents of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondiadehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas, and metal accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscles were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 days of metal exposure, respectively. Results showed that 0.04 mg L−1, 0.06 mg L-−1 and 0.08 mg L−1 Cu caused 100% death of abalone on the 21st, 10th and 6th day, respectively. However, no dead abalone was found during the 28-day waterborne Cd exposure at all experimental concentrations. Generally, activities of SOD and GST in hepatopancreas under all Cu concentrations followed a decrease trend as the exposure time prolonged. However, these activities were firstly increased and then decreased to the control level and increased again during Cd exposure. Activities of CAT in all Cu exposure treatments were higher than those in the control. These activities were firstly increased and then decreased to the control level and increased again during Cd exposure. Contents of MDA in hepatopancreas in all Cu treatments significantly increased first and then decreased to the control level. However, the MDA contents in hepatopancreas were not significantly changed during the 28-day Cd exposure. The metals accumulation in both hepatopancreas and muscles of abalone significantly increased with the increase of waterborne metals concentration and exposure time. These results indicated that H. discus hannai has a positive anti-oxidative defense against Cu or Cd. In conclusion, anti-oxidative mechanism in abalone to resist waterborne Cu did not follow the same pattern as that for waterborne Cd.

Carvacrol alleviates ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway in rats.

BackgroundLiver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathophysiological process in many clinical settings. Carvacrol, a food additive commonly used in essential oils, has displayed antimicrobials, antitumor and antidepressant-like activities. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of carvacrol on I/R injury in the Wistar rat livers and an in vitro hypoxia/restoration (H/R) model.MethodsThe hepatoportal vein, hepatic arterial and hepatic duct of Wistar rats were isolated and clamped for 30 min, followed by a 2 h reperfusion. Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells were incubated under hypoxia for 4 h, followed normoxic conditions for 10 h to establish the H/R model in vitro. Liver injury was evaluated by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspatate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondiadehyde (MDA), and hepatic histology and TUNEL staining. MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of BRL cells in vitro. Protein expression was examined by Western Blot analysis.ResultsCarvacrol protected against I/R-induced liver damage, evidenced by significantly reducing the serum levels of ALT and AST, histological alterations and apoptosis of liver cells in I/R rats. Carvacrol exhibited anti-oxidative activity in the I/R rats, reflected by significantly reducing the activity of SOD and the content of MDA, and restoring the activity of CAT and the content of GSH, in I/R rats. In the in vitro assays, carvacrol restored the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of BRL cells, which were subjected to a mimic I/R injury induced by hypoxia. In the investigation on molecular mechanisms, carvacrol downregulated the expression of Bax and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, thus inhibited the activation of caspase-3. Carvacrol was also shown to enhance the phosphorylation of Akt.ConclusionThe results suggest that carvacrol could alleviate I/R-induced liver injury by its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities, and warrant a further investigation for using carvacrol to protect I/R injury in clinic.

Effects of temperature and dietary protein on gene expression ofHsp70andWap65and immunity of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Juvenile mirror carp were fed diets containing 303.4, 321.7, 341.2, 361.0 and 379.1 g kg−1 proteins, respectively, and reared at different water temperatures (18, 23 and 28°C) for 60 days. Gene expression of heat shock protein gene (Hsp70) and the warm temperature acclimation-related 65 kDa protein gene (Wap65), immunity and antioxidant status in the carp were investigated. Results indicated that the contents of serum complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LSZ) were significantly enhanced with increasing dietary protein (P < 0.05), while content of malondiadehyde (MDA) decreased. Gene expression level of Wap65 in the liver significantly increased with dietary protein, while gene expression of Hsp70 decreased. The contents of C3, C4 and IgM, the activities of SOD and LSZ and gene expression level of Wap65 in the liver significantly increased with temperature. These results suggest that: Serum immune parameter, antioxidant enzymes and Hsp70 and Wap65 expression interact in fish to improve ability to adapt to the environment; and the optimal conditions for the immunity of carp are 348.1˜354.5 g kg−1 protein at 18°C, 352.3˜364.9 g kg−1 at 23°C and 360.2˜364.3 g kg−1 at 28°C, and the optimum temperature for carp is 23°C.

Effects of cerium on growth and physiological characteristics of Anabaena flosaquae

In the present study, the effects of cerium (Ce) on the growth and physiological changes were investigated in the cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae (A. flosaquae) during a 17-day period. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll a (chl-a) and activity of antioxidase (e.g. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) increased with Ce3+ concentration in the range of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L and the growth of A. flosaquae was stimulated. While at around 5 mg/L, the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) increased significantly but the activity of antioxidase reduced, which resulted in the ruin of antioxidant defense system. Compared to the control (Ce3+-free), the population size of live cells declined significantly. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the most common and toxic cyanotoxins produced by A. flosaquae, was detected and the highest content of MC-LR was observed in 10 mg/L Ce3+ treatment. These results implied that the aqueous environment might suffer a more negative ecological impact when exposed to relatively low Ce3+ concentrations (<0.1 mg/L).

Stressed Response of Submerged &lt;i&gt;Elodea nattalii&lt;/i&gt; under Eutrophication Growth Conditions

Eutrophication in water bodies affects the growth of aquatic plants. In this study, we conducted static experiments to better understand the metabolic responses of Elodea nattalii under eutrophication conditions. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) levels in tissue, malondiadehyde (MDA), and activities of three antioxidases (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) of Elodea nattalii cultured at different nutrient levels (oligotropher, mesotropher, eutropher, and hypertrophics) were investigated. The results showed that with nutrient concentration increase, N and P contents of Elodea nattalii increased. The MDA content improved with nutrient increase. the POD activity initially increased and later decreased. CAT and SOD activities decreased during the experimental time period. These finding suggested that changes in stem the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity can be served as the indicators of the response of Elodea nattalii to eutrophication conditions.

Interaction of Barley β‐Glucan and Tea Polyphenols on Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Soluble dietary fiber and antioxidants have received much attention as most important components of functional foods. However, few data are available on the effects of the combination of tea polyphenols (TP) and β-glucan (BG) on blood glucose in a diabetic rat. The effects of administration of barley BG and TP or their combination (TP + BG) on blood glucose, lipid profiles, and antioxidant parameters on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Significant improvements on the blood glucose level, serum lipid parameters (decreases in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and increase in HDL-C), lipid peroxidation (decrease in malondiadehyde content), and serum antioxidant status (increases in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity) resulted in diabetic rats after administering TP + BG. This study, therefore, demonstrated that the intake of TP + BG has beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and serum antioxidant status. It also revealed that TP + BG is better than TP or BG alone in improving glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Practically, the present study suggested that polyphenols-rich cereal foods are help for type 2 diabetes. Although TP or BG was definitely helpful in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, synthetic anti-hyperglycemic effects were found between TP and BG. The fortification of a BG-rich cereal diet with TP could be used as a strategy to maintain health of diabetic subjects.

Attenuation effects of compatible medicines on arsenical and lead toxicity of Badu Shengji San

Badu Shengji San(BDSJS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for drawing out toxin, eliminating suppuration and promoting granulation. Toxic minerals such as arsenic and lead are the two most important components of BDSJS. Previous hypothesis indicated that according to the compatibility theory of TCM, the toxicity of the entire BDSJS was weaker than that of arsenic and lead, respectively. In the present study, SD rats with injured skin were treated with distilled water and different composition of BDSJS (complete formulations, compatible herbs, mineral medicine containing arsenic and lead, mineral medicine containing arsenic and mineral medicine containing lead) once a day for consecutive 2 weeks. Kidney coefficient and urinary beta-N-acetyl glucosidase (NAG) were used as the indicators of renal toxicity and the content of malondiadehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) in the renal tissue were measured. Our data showed that kidney coefficient, the severity of renal pathological lesion and MT level in the kidney of the entire BDSJS group decreased significantly compared with arsenic and lead group. Additionally, the NAG content of the entire BDSJS group had the decreased trend. The kidney CuZn-SOD level of the entire BDSJS group had the increased trend, but the MDA, GSH-PX, GSH level had no obvious difference. Our results suggested that compatible herbs in BDSJS relieved renal injury induced by arsenic and lead, and the attenuation mechanism may be related to MT and CuZn-SOD, but not to MDA, GSH-PX and GSH directly.

The effects of ischemic postconditioning and ischemic preconditioning on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective To study the effects of ischemic postconditioning and ischemic preconditioning on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.Methods A reversible focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was modeled using middle cerebral artery occlusion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups (n = 10 in each group) : a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group, an ischemic postconditioning group and an ischemic preconditioning group. The impairment of neurological function was scored and the infarct volume, the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondiadehyde (MDA) content were measured after the operation.Results In the ischemic postconditioning and preconditioning groups the neurological function was better and the infarction volume was significantly smaller compared with the model group. In the preconditioning group both infarction volume and neurological function were significantly better than in the postconditioning group. In the brain tissues of the preconditioning and postconditioning groups MDA content was lower, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher than in the model group.Conclusions lschemic postconditioning can attenuate pathological injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia and repedusion. The neuroprotective effect induced by ischemic preconditioning is stronger than that induced by ischemic postconditioning. Key words: Cerebral ischemia; Reperfusion; Ischemic postconditioning; Ischemic preconditioning

Effects of neodymium on growth and physiological characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa

Abstracts To investigate the effect of neodymium (Nd) on Microcystis aeruginosa, the growth and physiological changes were studied by lab cultured experiments. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), soluble protein and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) increased compared with the control (Nd3+-free), and the growth of M. aeruginosa was stimulated in the treatments of initial Nd3+ concentration ≤1 mg/L; while the treatments of initial Nd3+ concentration was in the range of 5.00-10.00 mg/L, the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) increased immediately but the activity of CAT reduced, which resulted in weakened M. aeruginosa's ability to eliminate the active oxygen and the ruin of antioxidant defense system, and stunting the growth of M. aeruginosa. With the initial Nd3+ concentration of 50 mg/L, the growth of M. aeruginosa was totally stunted. The ultrastructure showed that excess Nd3+ could lead to the decrease of thylakoid and the increase of fat particle in cells of M. aeruginosa, and the cell membrane became rough and even broken, causing an irreversible damage to algal cells.

Effect of Water Stress on Physiological Traits and Yield In Rice Backcross Lines after Anthesis

Abstract Under the water stress, the physiological metabolism process changed a lot. In this paper, some physiological traits were analyzed, which has been closely related to rice yield. Some rice backcross lines with drought resistance were discussed, and the effect of water stress after anthesis on rice yield was studied under the artificial control condition. The result indicated the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) of rice flag leaf increased obviously, the activity of superoxide dismatase (SOD) of rice flag leaf activity weakened; the various traits of the rice variety with strong drought resistance reduced slightly compared to control and with high yield, while of the rice variety with weak drought resistance reduced significantly compared to control and with low yield.

Growth responses of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. plants to water contamination with cadmium

Cadmium accumulation, the relative content of different chemical forms of Cd, as well as the toxic effect of Cd on nutrient element uptake, physiological parameters, and ultrastructure of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. seedlings were determined after the seedlings were exposed to different Cd concentrations for 4 days. The results showed that S. sagittifolia had the ability to accumulate large amounts of Cd. In the root, stem, and bulb, the predominant chemical Cd forms were NaCl extractable. With an increase in the Cd2+ concentration, the chlorophyll content, the relative membrane penetrability (RMP) of root cells, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves, malondiadehyde (MDA) content and the superoxide anion (O2−) generation rate in roots all decreased following an initial increase. On the other hand, catalase (CAT) activity, SOD activity in roots, MDA content, and the generation rate of O2− in leaves all increased gradually. The toxic effect of Cd2+ was more severe on roots than on leaves at the same concentration. Cadmium affected the mineral nutrition balance; mainly, it promoted the uptake of Ca, Cu, Mn, and Fe, while inhibited Mg, Na, and K uptake. The physiological toxic effect of Cd2+ was close to the ultrastructural damage induced by Cd contamination. A significant correspondence was observed between the Cd dose and its toxic effect. Cadmium could destroy the normal ultrastructure, disturb the ion balance, and interfere with cell metabolism.

Oxidative stress disturbs energy metabolism of mitochondria in ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury

To study the role of mitochondrial energy disorder in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury. Wistar rats were used in this study. A gastric mucosal injury model was established by giving the rats alcohol. Gross and microscopic appearance of gastric mucosa and ultrastructure of mitochondria were evaluated. Malondiadehyde (MDA) in gastric mucosa was measured with thiobarbituric acid. Expression of ATP synthase (ATPase) subunits 6 and 8 in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The gastric mucosal lesion index was correlated with the MDA content in gastric mucosa. As the concentration of ethanol was elevated and the exposure time to ethanol was extended, the content of MDA in gastric mucosa increased and the extent of damage aggravated. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was positively related to the ethanol concentration and exposure time. The expression of mtDNA ATPase subunits 6 and 8 mRNA declined with the increasing MDA content in gastric mucosa after gavage with ethanol. Ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury is related to oxidative stress, which disturbs energy metabolism of mitochondria and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury.

Drought-Resistance Index in Rice Backcross Lines after Anthesis

In this study, many indexes correlated with drought resistance including yield components, chlorophyll content, the content of proline, the content of malondiadehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismatase (SOD), the content of peroxides (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity soluble protein content and leaf area in flag leaves were measured under water stress after flowering in five rice backcross combinations. The indexes for drought resistance were screened by the correlation and the gray relationship analysis, under water stress after flowering. The results indicated that after flowering, rate of seeds fertilization was significantly correlated with yield remarkably. And proline content, MDA content in flag leaf and leaf areas were significantly influenced with drought resistance in rice, which indicated that it is feasible to predict the drought resistance in rice after flowering. According to the gray relationship analysis, ability of drought resistance in five rice backcross combinations is the following, the combination 5 > combination 1 > combination 4 > combination 3 > combination 2. Results were generally consistent with the performance in field, which indicated that it is reasonable to predict the drought resistance in rice after flowering with the four indexes screened out in this study.