Inorganic Phosphorus Concentrations Research Articles

Equine atypical myopathy associated with sycamore seed ingestion in a Przewalski foal

One of the 172 UK cases of equine atypical myopathy (EAM) reported to the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group (AMAG) in 2014 was that of a five-month old male Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), resident at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, UK. The foal presented initially with sudden-onset and repeated stretching of the neck as if dysphagic, with progressive weakness (including lying down), sweating and an unresponsive demeanour. General anaesthesia, induced with a combination of etorphine, midazolam and hyaluronidase, was required for each examination and subsequent treatment of the foal. Initial biochemical analysis showed a markedly increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity of 105,001 U/L, an increased aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity of 4194 U/L and a mildly increased inorganic phosphorus concentration of 2.35 mmol/L. The foal was unresponsive to treatment and had to be euthanased. Skeletal musculature and the myocardium showed the most significant pathological changes, with histological evidence of rhabdomyolysis, whilst urine organic acid analysis and an abnormal organic acid serum profile were supportive of multiple acyl Co-A dehydrogenase deficiency typical of EAM. This is the first description of EAM in a non-domestic equid.

Correlation of Glasgow Prognostic Score or Procalcitonin to Clinical Variables in Patients with Pretreatment Lung Cancer

Unfortunately, the five-year survival rate of lung cancer is relatively low compared with other cancers. Therefore, better predictors are need for prognosis, therapeutic strategy, risk stratification and predicting long-term mortality of lung cancer. Recently, increasing data suggest that Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and procalcitonin levels are useful predictor cancer prognosis. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the correlation of GPS or procalcitonin to clinical variables in patients with pretreatment lung cancer. In 135 patients with pretreatment lung cancer, GPS, procalcitonin, demographic characteristics, hematological, coagulation, biochemical, inflammatory and cardiac markers were measured. Monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume to platecrit ratio, D-dimer and prothrombin time (PT) levels were higher, whereas mean platelet volume was lower than their normal ranges. Glucose and sodium levels were low, whereas gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were increase compared their normal ranges. Procalcitonin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and troponin-I concentrations were elevated compared with their normal ranges. GPS had significantly positive or negative relations to cancer stage, hematological, coagulation, biochemical, inflammatory and troponin-I. Based on the data, we suggest that GPS may be a potent and useful predictor for prognosis, therapeutic strategy, risk stratification and predicting long-term mortality of lung cancer.

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency-induced increase of osteoclastic bone resorption caused by abnormal renal resorption of inorganic phosphorus via Napi2a.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a risk factor for bone disorders via mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, an increase in serum inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentrations was associated with a vitamin B12 deficiency. Napi2a, a renal cotransporter for Pi reabsorption, accumulated on plasma membranes in a vitamin B12 deficiency suggests that vitamin B12 plays an important role in Pi homeostasis.

Evaluation of phosphorus distribution and bioavailability in sediments of a subtropical wetland reserve in southeast China

The phosphorus (P) fractions and bioavailable P in the sediments from the Quanzhou Bay Estuarine Wetland Nature Reserve were investigated using chemical extraction methods for the first time to study the distribution and bioavailability of P in the reserve sediments. A hypothesis was presented suggesting that the bioavailable P in the sediments could be evaluated using the P fractions. The total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), non-apatite phosphorus (NAIP), and apatite phosphorus (AP) contents in the sediments were in the ranges of 303.87–761.59mgkg−1, 201.22–577.66mgkg−1, 75.83–179.16mgkg−1, 28.86–277.90mgkg−1, and 127.36–289.94mgkg−1, respectively. The water soluble phosphorus (WSP), readily desorbable phosphorus (RDP), algal available phosphorus (AAP), and NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus (Olsen-P) contents in the sediments were in the ranges of 0.58–357.17mgkg−1, 80.77–586.75mgkg−1, 1.09–24.12mgkg−1, and 54.96–676.82mgkg−1, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed that the NAIP was the major component of the bioavailable P and that the impact of the AP on the bioavailable phosphorus may be minimal. Due to the low TP content in the sediments of the Quanzhou Bay Estuarine Wetland Nature Reserve, the potential pollution risks of P in the sediments may not be very high. The results also show that the bioavailable P concentrations in the sediments of the Quanzhou Bay Estuarine Wetland Nature Reserve could not be evaluated by measuring the P fractions and that the hypothesis was untenable.

Phosphorus Cycling in a Freshwater Estuary Impacted by Cyanobacterial Blooms

The availability of reactive phosphorus (P) may promote cyanobacterial blooms, a worldwide increasing phenomenon. Cyanobacteria may also regulate benthic P cycling through labile organic input to sediments, favouring reduced conditions and P release, ultimately acting as self-sustainment mechanism for the phytoplankton blooms. To analyse P–cyanobacteria feedbacks and compare external versus internal loads, we investigated P cycling in the Curonian Lagoon, a freshwater estuary with recurrent summer blooms. At two sites representing the dominant sediment types, we characterised P pools and mobility, via combined pore water analysis, calculation of diffusive exchanges and flux measurements via sediment core incubations. Annual P budgets were also calculated, to analyse the whole lagoon role as net sink or source. Muddy sediments, representing nearly 50 % of the lagoon surface, displayed higher P content if compared with sandy sediments, and most of this pool was reactive. The muddy site had consequently higher pore water dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations maintaining high diffusive gradients. However, measured fluxes suggested that both sediment types were mostly P sinks except for a large DIP regeneration (nearly 30 μmol m−2 h−1) recorded at the muddy site during an intense cyanobacteria bloom. Such internal regeneration had the same order of magnitude as the annual external P load and may offset the net annual DIP sink role of the estuary. It may also prolong the duration of the bloom. Our results suggest that positive feedbacks can regulate N-fixing cyanobacteria blooms and internal P recycling, through either diffusive fluxes or sediment settling and resuspension.

Clinicopathological and Bacteriological Studies on Pneumonia in Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

This study aimed to isolate the most common bacterial pathogens causing respiratory diseases in camel in addition to studying the hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes associated with the disease. Forty apparently healthy she-camels and 60 respiratory-distressed cases were used in this study. Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood and tissue samples were collected from both groups. The results implicated that Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from both healthy and diseased animals. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease in red cell parameters and a significant increase in total leukocytic counts in the diseased group. Significant decreases were observed in serum concentrations of albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and chloride, whereas a significant increase were seen in serum levels of total protein, globulin, urea, creatinine, potassium and activities of hepatic enzymes. There was a significant decrease in blood pH and Po2 and a significant increase in Pco2 and bicarbonate levels in the pneumonic animals. The main histopathological alterations included chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia. We can conclude that Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus appeared to be the main bacterial causes of pneumonia in camel. The disease is associated with significant hematological, and biochemical alterations which upon understanding can provide a good knowledge of the pathogenesis and thus controlling the condition in camel.Key words: Acid-base status, bacteriology, Camelus dromedarius, clinical pathology, pneumonia.

Fibroblast growth factor-23 and phosphorus related factors in young Japanese women: a cross-sectional study.

Phosphorus homeostasis is determined by dietary intake, intestinal absorption, and renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is considered to be a sensitive early biomarker of disordered phosphorus metabolism in both patients with chronic kidney diseases and healthy subjects. However, the number of studies evaluating serum FGF-23 concentrations in healthy subjects is limited. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between serum FGF-23 concentrations and phosphorus related factors in 182 young Japanese women (mean age, 19.5±0.4 years). We found that higher serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorus and lower serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D as well as lower fat but higher phosphorus and calcium intake were weakly but significantly associated with high serum concentrations of FGF-23, adjusted for postmenarcheal age and body weight. These results suggested that in young Japanese women, serum FGF-23 might be indicative of phosphorus nutrition status. However, it is worthy of note that maturity factors, including postmenarcheal age and physical attributes, such as body weight, might be related to serum FGF-23 concentrations.

Effects of decline phase of <i>Vallisneria natans</i> on phosphorus transportation between water and sediment

采用沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)为研究对象,在其衰亡期测定群落内、外上覆水及沉积物各形态磷的含量,以探究沉水植物在其衰亡期对上覆水和沉积物中各形态磷的影响.结果表明:苦草衰亡过程中上覆水中总磷、可溶性总磷、溶解性活性磷、颗粒磷、可溶性有机磷浓度的变化相对平稳,与对照组相比无显著差异;沉积物中各形态磷含量均呈小幅度上升趋势,在实验结束时,苦草组沉积物中总磷含量为719.27 mg/kg,和初始值比增加了14.68 mg/kg,无机磷和有机磷含量分别增加了12.06和2.20 mg/kg,氢氧化钠提取磷和盐酸提取磷含量分别增加了7.05和4.29 mg/kg.总体来看,沉水植物苦草在其衰亡过程中分解速率较慢,对水-沉积物之间各形态磷含量无显著影响.;In order to study the effects of submerged macrophytes on different forms of phosphorus during decline phase, we adopted Vallisneria natans as the study object and measured the content of phosphorus in water and sediment. Results showed that, in water, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, particles phosphorus, and dissolved organic phosphorus in V. natans changed steadily, without any significant difference compared with control groups, while all forms of phosphorus in sediment had a little rising trend. At the end of the experiment, the content of TP was 719.27 mg/kg in the V. natans sediment, and was 14.68 mg/kg higher than the initial value. The inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, NaOH-P, and HCl-P contents raised for 12.06, 2.20, 7.05 and 4.29 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that decomposition rate of V. natans was slow and there was no significant effect of V. natans decomposition on the different forms of phosphorus between water and sediment.

The Contribution of Selected Urinary Solutes to the Determination of Urinary Osmolality in Guatemalan Preschool Children Consuming a Common Menu Offering

Background: Although water is the most abundant and most vital of all human nutrients, hydration is among the most ignored aspects of human nutrition. Many different solutes are eliminated by the kidneys in the urine flow, potentially contributing to the osmotic charge of this body fluid and acting as determinants of the urinary osmolality [Uosm]. Objectives: To measure urine osmolality concurrently with urea, uric acid, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and inorganic phosphorus in a 24 h sample and to determine the patterns of their mutual interactions towards assessing the primary determinants of Uosm. Methods: Seventy-eight children from 2 to 7 years old, 40 girls and 38 boys, with median age of 57 mo underwent 24 h urine collections, with an aliquot separated for measuring urine osmolality by freezing-point-depression osmometry and solute concentrations by various analytical chemistry techniques. Spearman correlations and multiple regression models were run to assess interactions. Results: Backward-elimination multiple-regression models found that the urinary concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, urea, sodium, potassium and magnesium explained 95.1% of the variance in Uosm among the seven analytes quantified; calcium and uric acid made negligible contribution. Conclusion: The analyses allowed us to confirm the determinant roles of urea and the principal electrolytes, sodium and potassium, for urine osmolality and to appreciate coordination in the collateral collinear associations with other excreted solutes.

Climatic changes of temperature, salinity and nutrients in the Amur Bay of the Japan Sea

Recent climate-scale (> 3 decades) changes of water temperature, salinity, and concentration of inorganic phosphorus, silicon and nitrogen (nitrites and nitrates) are considered for the Amur Bay where Vladivostok is located ashore. Mean seasonal values of these parameters are determined for the 1980s and 2000s. In summer, the tendencies of climatic scale are noted of SST heightening, temperature at the sea bottom lowering, and nutrients depletion in the upper layer, except of nitrate. In general, the bay becomes more stratified and less productive, on the primary trophic level, but the nitrate income, presumably from atmosphere, prevents the productivity decreasing. Links of the changes with external conditions are analyzed, and the summer monsoon weakening is defined as their main reason that determines weather conditions over Primorye and cross-shelf exchange on its shelf. These processes related with the summer monsoon present the mechanism of large-scale climate changes downscaling to meso-scale level. Besides, there is concluded that the Amur Bay is more vulnerable to marine processes than to terrestrial ones, though it is subjected to the large river discharge.

Effects of nitrate and phosphate supply on chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic: a mesocosm study

Abstract. In open-ocean regions, as is the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA), pelagic production is the main source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and is affected by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) concentrations. Changes in pelagic production under nutrient amendments were shown to also modify DOM quantity and quality. However, little information is available about the effects of nutrient variability on chromophoric (CDOM) and fluorescent (FDOM) DOM dynamics. Here we present results from two mesocosm experiments ("Varied P" and "Varied N") conducted with a natural plankton community from the ETNA, where the effects of DIP and DIN supply on DOM optical properties were studied. CDOM accumulated proportionally to phytoplankton biomass during the experiments. Spectral slope (S) decreased over time indicating accumulation of high molecular weight DOM. In Varied N, an additional CDOM portion, as a result of bacterial DOM reworking, was determined. It increased the CDOM fraction in DOC proportionally to the supplied DIN. The humic-like FDOM component (Comp.1) was produced by bacteria proportionally to DIN supply. The protein-like FDOM component (Comp.2) was released irrespectively to phytoplankton or bacterial biomass, but depended on DIP and DIN concentrations. Under high DIN supply, Comp.2 was removed by bacterial reworking, leading to an accumulation of humic-like Comp.1. No influence of nutrient availability on amino acid-like FDOM component in peptide form (Comp.3) was observed. Comp.3 potentially acted as an intermediate product during formation or degradation of Comp.2. Our findings suggest that changes in nutrient concentrations may lead to substantial responses in the quantity and quality of optically active DOM and, therefore, might bias results of the applied in situ optical techniques for an estimation of DOC concentrations in open-ocean regions.

Genetic polymorphisms and DNA methylation in exon 1 CpG-rich regions of PACAP gene and its effect on mRNA expression and growth traits in half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a new type of hypophysiotropic hormone and plays an important role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone and gonadotropin. The research on the relationship between PACAP and different growth traits would contribute to explain its function during the process of growth. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation at the CpG sites of the SNPs, play important roles in regulating gene expression. The results suggest that a SNP mutation (c.C151G) in the PACAP gene of male half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is significantly associated with growth traits and serum physiological and biochemical parameters such as inorganic phosphorus (P < 0.05). The SNP is located in a CpG-rich region of exon 1. Intriguingly, the transition (C→G) added a new methylation site of PACAP gene. This SNP was also significantly related to the expression and methylation level of PACAP (P < 0.05). Individuals with GG genotype had faster growth rates than those of CG and CC genotypes. Moreover, GG genotype had significantly higher PACAP expression level and lower methylation level than CG and CC genotypes. In the serum indexes, only inorganic phosphorus content within GG genotypes was significantly higher than CC genotypes. This implied that the mutation and methylation status of PACAP gene could influence growth traits and this locus could be considered as a candidate genetic or epigenetic marker for Cynoglossus semilaevis molecular breeding.

Involvement of Ethylene in the Latex Metabolism and Tapping Panel Dryness of Hevea brasiliensis.

Ethephon, an ethylene releaser, is used to stimulate latex production in Hevea brasiliensis. Ethylene induces many functions in latex cells including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS is responsible for the coagulation of rubber particles in latex cells, resulting in the partial or complete stoppage of latex flow. This study set out to assess biochemical and histological changes as well as changes in gene expression in latex and phloem tissues from trees grown under various harvesting systems. The Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) susceptibility of Hevea clones was found to be related to some biochemical parameters, such as low sucrose and high inorganic phosphorus contents. A high tapping frequency and ethephon stimulation induced early TPD occurrence in a high latex metabolism clone and late occurrence in a low latex metabolism clone. TPD-affected trees had smaller number of laticifer vessels compared to healthy trees, suggesting a modification of cambial activity. The differential transcript abundance was observed for twenty-seven candidate genes related to TPD occurrence in latex and phloem tissues for ROS-scavenging, ethylene biosynthesis and signalling genes. The predicted function for some Ethylene Response Factor genes suggested that these candidate genes should play an important role in regulating susceptibility to TPD.

Assessing of channel roughness and temperature variations on wastewater quality parameters using numerical modeling

Nowadays, problems and barriers to supply adequate water and address environmental issues have caused wastewater treatment (WWT) to be considered a high priority. In light of high costs of WWT, using natural capacities to reduce pollution could be potentially economically significant. In this paper, the impact of varying temperature and channel roughness has been investigated on the wastewater quality parameters using the QUAL2K (Q2K) Numerical Model. The results show, as temperature increases, the reduction rate of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is more than the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Also, organic nitrogen (ON), organic phosphorus (P), coliforms, total organic carbon (C), total suspended solids (TSS) and total nitrogen (TN) decrease; but nitrate concentration (NO3) increases. This numerical assessment indicates that the purification rate is greater as temperature rises above 30°C. The results show that by increasing channel roughness, BOD, COD, Particle Organic Matter (POM), organic nitrogen, phosphorus and coliforms have descending trends while inorganic phosphorus and ammonium concentrations have ascending trends. According to the obtained results, nitrate (NO3) has a decreasing trend when the Manning Roughness Coefficient (N) is higher than 0.04 along the channel, but is reduced when “N” is less than 0.04. © JASEM

Presence of correlation on the cellular level in endometrial hyperproliferative processes

Increasing the proportion of endometrial cancer among malignant tumors of the female genital organs leads to studying features of endometrial hyperplasia, which is considered to be the background and precancerous conditions. Hence, prevention, appropriate treatment and effectiveness of the treatment become very important. We evaluated changes at the cellular and subcellular levels in endometrial hyperproliferative processes, making it possible to further evaluate the efficacy of hormone therapy. The study involved 105 premenopausal women with concomitant extragenital pathology. Among the diagnostic measures were general clinical examination, studying the levels of sex hormones and gonadotropins in serum, rate of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound, endoscopic examination using a hysteroscope firm "Karl Storz" and endometrial biopsy with subsequent histological examination of obtained tissues from the uterus. The activity of intracellular transport ATP system of endoplasmic reticulum of the endometrial cells (Ca2+, Mg2+ - ATP activity) was assessed by the difference of content of inorganic phosphorus, which was determined by the method of Fiske-Subarou. Analysing the results we revealed the presence of correlation parallels between histopathological characteristic changes of the endometrium and Ca2+, Mg2+ - ATP endoplasmic reticulum activity before and after progestagenes treatment of women with endometrial hyperplasia. The highest level of Ca2+, Mg2+ – ATP activity was determined in atypical endometrial hyperplasia. A decrease in activity of Ca2+, Mg2+ – ATP was observed in the following sequence: focal adenomatosis, nonatypical complex hyperplasia, simple nonatypical hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, phase of proliferation and secretion. It was established that the advantage of glandular component in polyps was accompanied by an increased activity of the enzyme, whereas the presence of fibrous component was characterized by their decline. Therefore, the reduction of Ca2+, Mg2+ – ATP activity and positive morphological transformation of the endometrium during progestine drugs therapy in women with endometrial hyperplasia indicate the efficiency and can be considered as prognostic criteria.

Towards sustainable exhibits - application of an inorganic fertilization method in coral reef fish larviculture in an aquarium

Coral reef fish are collected from the wild and exhibited in aquaria worldwide. Some of the fish spawn in captivity; however, the eggs are usually neglected. In this study, we collected the eggs spawned naturally in the exhibit tanks, hatched and cultured them indoor in 2000-L fibreglass tanks (initial density = 18 000 egg tank−1). We applied an inorganic fertilization method commonly used in freshwater fish culture in raising these coral reef fish larvae. We maintained inorganic phosphorus concentration at 100 μg P L−1 and inorganic nitrogen at 700 μg N L−1 daily in the fertilized group (n = 4), while the control tanks (n = 4) were fed with rotifers (10 ind mL−1). Chlorophyll a at particle sizes of both 0.45–20 μm and >20 μm, as well as NH3-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P concentrations were significantly higher in the fertilized group than the control. Zooplankton in the size groups of 10–50 μm (mainly flagellates) and 50–100 μm (mainly ciliates) were abundant (about 10~60 ind mL−1) during 3–7 days in fertilized tanks. The average larval fish survival rate at 21 day after hatch in fertilized group was consistently higher than the control in two trials. The experiments demonstrated that the inorganic fertilization approach can be successfully adapted for coral reef fish culture in an aquarium to achieve sustainable exhibits.

INFLUENCE OF STRONG MONSOON-DOMINATED CLIMATE ON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE HEAVILY ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTED BRANTAS RIVER ESTUARIES AND MADURA STRAIT COASTAL WATER, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Brantas River basin and Madura Strait in East Java Indonesia, are subject to heavily change in land use and land cover, and Brantas River Basin is a very important densely populated area in East Java, Indonesia for agriculture, industry as well as for settlement. The aim of the research is to elucidate the fate of transformation of bio-elements (organic carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Silicate (Si)) and its seasonal variability. The contrast river discharge combined with tide generates the distinctive mixing zone during rainy and dry season. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) concentrations in the river are high and decrease to the very low value seaward. N:P ratio has seasonal variation due to large discrepancy of DIN and DIP supply from land to the sea. Dissolved Inorganic Silicate (DSi) in river and estuaries is extremely higher than the average in the world (&gt; 150 mM). Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in dry season in the coastal water is higher than the rainy season. Due to high Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the primary production is limited by the light in the coastal water.

Age-related changes in hematologic and serum biochemical variables in dogs aged 16-60 days.

The literature reporting hematologic and serum biochemical variables in puppies is limited. As puppies are physiologically different from adult dogs, an age effect would be expected. We aimed to describe age-related changes in hematologic and serum biochemical variables in puppies aged 16-60 days and compare the results to reference intervals (RI) for adults. Our second aim was to determine RI for this age group. A total of 227 blood samples were collected from 101 clinically healthy puppies, mainly mixed breeds. To assess the effect of age, the results were compared to RI for adult dogs, and variations within the age period 16-60 days were studied. Reference intervals for the groups 16-24, 28-45, and 46-60 days of age were determined. Lower values in puppies compared to adults were found for RBC, HGB, HCT, concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, creatinine, and sodium:potassium ratio. Higher values in puppies compared to adults were found for activities of ALP and CK, and concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. For MCV, MCHC, albumin:globulin ratio, and glucose concentration, different values in puppies compared to adults were found for some of the age groups. No age-specific differences were found compared to RI for adults regarding WBC, absolute counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and platelets, RDW, activities for AST, ALT, amylase, lipase, and concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol, urea, sodium, and chloride. Our results support that age has a significant effect on several hematologic and serum biochemical values in puppies, warranting age-specific RI.

Lipid Content Variation in Plantago media Leaves in Response to Light Conditions

The aim of the present work was to study the variation of lipid and fatty acids (FA) composition as well as morphometric characteristics of Plantago media leaves from the different light conditions in northeastern Russia. The content of lipids in the leaves was measured for several years during the blooming period, and the level of lipid peroxidation was estimated. For lipid analysis, the mid leaf part from 12-15 typical plants was cut in small parts and three samples of 1-2 g were chosen from the total biomass. Lipids were extracted three times using three times chloroform/methanol. The quantification of phospholipids (РL) was performed by the content of inorganic phosphorus. Glycolipids (GL) and non-polar lipids (NL) were quantified using a densitometer. The leaves of the plants grown under lower light had lower leaf mass/area ratio (LMA) but larger areas of lamina. They accumulated lower levels of lipid peroxide products. Daily content of malondialdehyde changed more significantly during periods with clear and warm weather. It was found that as the duration of sunshine increased, the content of total lipids (TL) increased (r=0.78), but an increase in temperature resulted in a decrease of their content (r=-0.70), especially for plants in high-sunshine habitats. Concentration of GL in leaves of shaded plants increased with increasing precipitation but decreased with increasing temperature and the duration of sunshine. The same effect is exerted by rainfall on PL content. Amount of saturation FA (SFA) increased with increasing temperature and the duration of sunshine. Precipitation contributed to the accumulation of unsaturation FA (USFA). Thus, the content of lipids in the leaves depended on weather and microclimate conditions.

Influence of &lt;i&gt;Vallisneria natans&lt;/i&gt; on microbial community in sediments

A sediment-water-Vallisneria natans system was built within a simulating lake system,where phospholipid fatty acids( PLFAs) method was used to determine the changes in sediment microbial community structures in the submerged plant V. natans at different growth stages. The results showed that during the growth of V. natans,the organic matter content decreased first and then increased. The concentrations of total phosphorus,organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus decreased by 8. 97%,7. 81% and 10. 28%,respectively,during the growth period. The microbial activity and total phosphorus in sediments showed extremely significantly negative correlation. In the early exuberant period,microbial activity in the experimental group was greater than the control group,while the decline in the microbial activity of the control group was slightly higher than the experimental group. Microbial community structure in the sediments of different periods showed significant differences. Bacteria were the main part of the total sediment microbes,accounting for 76% to 84% of the total microbial. As to bacterial distribution,gram-positive bacilli were predominant. The percentage of gram-positive bacteria and fungi increased with the growth of the V. natans.