Glycoprotein Content Research Articles

Prospective comparative study of the use prp and viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel in patients with grade ii knee osteoarthritis

The development of an effective and safe methods of conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis of the has a priority in modern orthopaedics. Objective: to compare results of Platelet-Rich Plasma — PRP and PRP in combination with 2 % viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel (proFLEX INTRA) in patients with the II grade knee osteoarthritis.Methods: from 2018 to 2019 prospective randomized comparative study of the efficiency of using PRP therapy (group I) and PRP in combination with a 2 % viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel (proFLEX INTRA) (group II) was conducted in 50 patients with II grade knee osteoarthritis (aged between 48 and 73 years). Patients were assessed before treatment, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment with the help of VAS while walking, WOMAC, and OKS scales. Laboratory assesment of inflammation markers in serum and synovial fluid were performed before treatment and 4 weeks after. Synovial fluid was examined by using clinical-microscopic and biochemical methods according to the following markers: cytosis, percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, synoviocytes and macrophages, protein, hyaluronic acid. In blood serum were determined: total protein, glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, alkaline phosphatase activity.Results: in II group was noted a statistically significant improvement according to VAS and WOMAC scale comparing with I group 6 months after treatment. The content of glycoproteins and chondroitin sulfates in blood serum of patients in the II group, also the protein content in synovial fluid, 4 weeks after treatment was lower (p < 0.05) comparing with the I group. However, the content of HA was higher (p < 0.05) in the II group of patients.Conclusions: both methods, PRP; PRP and HA allowed to reduce VAS pain score while walking and to improve joint function according to WOMAC and OKS scales in patients with the II stage knee osteoarthritis, six months after treatment. While, in the group of combined use PRP and 2 % viscoelastic sodium hyaluronate gel the results of treatment according to VAS and WOMAC scales were statistically significantly better and the inflammatory-dystrophic degree of changes in the knee was less comparing with the I group.

Carvacrol and eugenol inhibit postharvest soft rot disease by enhancing defense response in peaches during storage

Peaches are in high demands because of their nutritional value and delicious flavor, but often become unmarketable due to the fungus infection. In this study, carvacrol and eugenol were used to preserve peaches. Rhizopus stolonifer growth was completely inhibited by carvacrol at 32 µl/Lair and eugenol at 64 µl/Lair. Carvacrol at 0.5 µl/Lair and eugenol at 1 µl/Lair significantly reduced the incidence and severity of soft rot decay in artificially inoculated peaches. Also, carvacrol and eugenol significantly reduced the natural incidence of soft rot disease and maintained high sensory acceptance and quality of peaches during storage. The activities of defense-related enzymes were enhanced by carvacrol and eugenol fumigation, and the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in these two oils treated fruit, were much higher than untreated control during storage. These observations indicted that carvacrol and eugenol could preserve peach fruit during postharvest storage. Practical applications Carvacrol and eugenol showed great potential application in the preservation of peach fruit during postharvest storage, exhibiting high antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifer and enhancing defense response to soft rot disease.

Protective effect of theaflavin on glycoprotein components and TCA cycle enzymes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

BackgroundTheaflavins are major polyphenols in black tea which is the most widely consumed tea in the world. They possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of theaflavin on glycoprotein content and tricorboxylic acid cycle enzymes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as there was no study on this aspect. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding them with high-fat diet and injecting them intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.wt).ResultsDifferent doses of theaflavin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.wt /day) were administered orally to high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 30 days for fixing the glucose lowering dose. However, the dose at 100 mg/kg b.wt showed a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance with concomitant elevation of insulin when compared to the other two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt). Hence, 100 mg/kg b.wt was fixed as an effective dose and used for further analysis. Theaflavin administration restored the altered glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and glycoproteins (Hexose, hexosamine, fucose, and sialic acid) and TCA cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase) near the normal levels by correcting hyperglycemia. Improved histological changes were observed in the pancreas of diabetic rats upon treatment with theaflavin which supported the biochemicals investigated.ConclusionThe effect produced by the theaflavin on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin—a reference antidiabetic drug. These findings suggest that theaflavin can replace the commercial drugs which could lead to reduction in toxicity and side effect caused by the later as well as reduce the secondary completions.

Glycoprotein Content of Duodenum in Induced Duodenal Ulcer in Aged Male Mice and Aloe Vera Gel

Glycoprotein Content of Duodenum in Induced Duodenal Ulcer in Aged Male Mice and Aloe Vera Gel

GPR55 controls functional differentiation of self-renewing epithelial progenitors for salivation.

GPR55, a lipid-sensing receptor, is implicated in cell cycle control, malignant cell mobilization, and tissue invasion in cancer. However, a physiological role for GPR55 is virtually unknown for any tissue type. Here, we localize GPR55 to self-renewing ductal epithelial cells and their terminally differentiated progeny in both human and mouse salivary glands. Moreover, we find GPR55 expression downregulated in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas and GPR55 reinstatement by antitumor irradiation, suggesting that GPR55 controls renegade proliferation. Indeed, GPR55 antagonism increases cell proliferation and function determination in quasiphysiological systems. In addition, Gpr55-/- mice present ~50% enlarged submandibular glands with many more granulated ducts, as well as disordered endoplasmic reticuli and with glycoprotein content. Next, we hypothesized that GPR55 could also modulate salivation and glycoprotein content by entraining differentiated excretory progeny. Accordingly, GPR55 activation facilitated glycoprotein release by itself, inducing low-amplitude Ca2+ oscillations, as well as enhancing acetylcholine-induced Ca2+ responses. Topical application of GPR55 agonists, which are ineffective in Gpr55-/- mice, into adult rodent submandibular glands increased salivation and saliva glycoprotein content. Overall, we propose that GPR55 signaling in epithelial cells ensures both the life-long renewal of ductal cells and the continuous availability of saliva and glycoproteins for oral health and food intake.

BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE METABOLISM IN RATS’ BLOOD SERUM WITH EXPERIMENTAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND THEIR DYNAMICS DURING CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT

Introduction: There are many methods for diagnosis and treatment of knee joints osteoarthritis in modern orthopedics. The infrared radiation is one of the most popular and effective methods though it needs experimental substantiation on rats. The aim: Experimental definition of the effectiveness of the proposed method of conservative treatment of knee joints osteoarthritis using sodium diclofenac, glucosamine hydrochloride and infrared laser radiation, on the basis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in rats. Materials and methods: Experimental studies were performed on 40 white male rats. A part of rats received infrared laser radiation in addition to diclofenac sodium and glucosamine hydrochloride. Results: Using a complex of infrared laser radiation and glucosamine hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium in conservative treatment of rats with experimentally induced knee joints osteoarthritis rats after 24 days of treatment. Treatment with the above-mentioned scheme resulted in a significant reduction in the content of glycoproteins (28.5%), chondroitin sulfates (26.1%), alkaline phosphatase activity (32.3%), and I and II fractions of glycosaminoglycans, namely chondroitin-6- (28.7%) and chondroitin-4-sulfate (40.3%). Moreover, these indicators of the studied markers approached the level of intact animals. Conclusions: Changes in biochemical markers of connective tissue in rats during experimental knee joints osteoarthritis indicated a higher efficiency of the treatment regimen with the use of low-intensity infrared laser radiation compared with exclusively drug therapy.

Динаміка лабораторних показників щурів після імплантації матеріалу біоскла і склокераміки

Aim. To explore the recovery of the structure and density of the spongy and cortical bone after filling the defect with the bioglass developed by the authors. Material and Methods. The experiment was performed on white rats where the dynamics of blood biochemical markers were studied after implantation of glass-based and glass-ceramic materials. The study rats were divided into 2 groups. In the first group a material on the basis of glass ceramics AC-5 was implanted; in the second group - a material on the basis of glass FAR-5. Implant toxicity was determined based on the study of the dynamics of serum protein content, urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity. The state of restoration of the structure and density of the spongy and cortical bone was examined using alkaline phosphatase level. Results and Discussion. The study found no impact of implants based on glass ceramics AC-5 on the functional state of the liver and kidneys of experimental animals, but revealed the presence of inflammatory-regenerative changes in bone tissue at the implant site manifested only on day 7 of observation, which is normal regeneration after implantation. The dynamics of alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of rats corresponded to the stages of bone regeneration and implant survival. In the rats of the second group, the content of total protein, unlike the animals of the first group, was significantly higher compared to the intact rats at all observation periods, indicating the presence of intoxication in animals. The glycoprotein content was increased, indicating the presence of inflammation in the animals at the end of the study. In contrast to the rats of the first group, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased compared with that of the intact rats. The indicator increased with the observation period and returned to the reference values by the 90th day. Conclusion. Based on the study of the markers of bone metabolism (alkaline phosphatase activity and serum level of chondroitin sulfate ), a longer process of bone remodeling in case of implantation of the FAR-5 implant material was revealed, which increased compared to the test parameters of the intact animals.

Моделювання остеоартрозу колінного суглоба у собак

У статті висвітлено результати проведених досліджень з моделювання остеоартрозу у собак із використанням хірургічного методу Pond-Nuki. Описано методику проведення оперативного втручання та виготовлення гістопрепаратів. Описано наявність у них виразних мікроскопічних змін тканини та макроскопічних змін у макропрепараті. Відзначено, що за остеоартрозу колінного суглоба собак у суглобовому хрящі стегнової кістки виявляються руйнування поверхневих шарів суглобового хряща, невпорядковане розташування хондроцитів, руйнування й лізис частини хондроцитів та зменшення вмісту глікопротеїдів у міжклітинній речовині.

KIR2DL4-HLAG interaction at human NK cell-oligodendrocyte interfaces regulates IFN-[formula omitted]-mediated effects

Interactions between germline-encoded natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their respective ligands on tumorigenic or virus-infected cells determine NK cell cytotoxic activity and/or cytokine secretion. NK cell cytokine responses can be augmented in and can potentially contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system focused upon the oligodendrocytes (OLs). To investigate mechanisms by which NK cells may contribute to MS pathogenesis, we developed an in vitro human model of OL-NK cell interaction. We found that activated, but not resting human NK cells form conjugates with, and mediate cytotoxicity against, human oligodendrocytes. NK cells, when in conjugate with OLs, rapidly synthesize and polarize IFN-γ toward the OLs. IFN-γ is capable of reducing myelin oligodendrocyte and myelin associated glycoproteins (MOG and MAG) content. This activity is independent of MHC class-I mediated inhibition via KIR2DL1, but dependent upon the interaction between NK cell-expressed KIR2DL4 and its oligodendrocyte-expressed ligand, HLA-G. NK cells from patients with MS express higher levels of IFN-γ following conjugation to OLs, more actively promote in vitro reduction of MOG and MAG and have higher frequencies of the KIR2DL4 positive population. These data collectively suggest a mechanism by which NK cells can promote pathogenic effects upon OLs.

Development of a relative potency test using ELISA for human rabies vaccines

The NIH potency test for human rabies vaccines has disadvantages for use, especially in developing countries where rabies is endemic and prophylaxis needs ample, rapid, and reliable vaccine supplies. In China, 60–75 million doses of human rabies vaccines are administered each year. Vaccine quality control is of paramount importance, as is the release of potency-validated vaccines. We intended to design an alternative to the NIH in vivo method, and developed a relative potency test using an ELISA. Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we found a close relationship between the rabies vaccine glycoprotein content in vitro and the potency values in vivo. We suggest the relative potency test developed here as a simplified method for human rabies vaccine quality control in China and a possible alternative to the NIH method.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ БОКАЛОВИДНОГО ЭПИТЕЛИЯ В ОТВЕТ НА ХОЛОДОВУЮ БРОНХОПРОВОКАЦИЮ У БОЛЬНЫХ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМОЙ С ХОЛОДОВОЙ ГИПЕРРЕАКТИВНОСТЬЮ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ

Destruction of bronchial epithelium in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) is at the bottom of the mechanism of epithelial dysfunction, mucociliary insufficiency and bronchial remodeling. The aim of the work is to assess the character of changes that happen in the structural organization of cell elements and secretory activity of bronchial goblet epithelium in response to cold bronchial challenge in BA patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR). 28 patients with mild BA took part in the research. In the first day of the research the collection of the induced sputum was done, then the next day there was conducted a standard 3-minute test of isocapnic hyperventilation with cold (-20ºC) air (IHCA), after that the collection of sputum was done again. In cytograms of the sputum the percentage, the degree of destruction and cytolysis intensity of cell elements was determined; the contents of glycoproteins in goblet epithelial cells (GS) was studied. The first group included 14 patients with CAHR, the group of comparison (the 2nd group) included 14 patients with BA who did not have airway response to IHCA (ΔFEV1=-19.9±1.6 and -2.8±1.3%, respectively, p=0.00001). After IHCA in cytograms of the sputum of the patients with CAHR there was an increase of the number of neutrophils in relation to the basic one (from 39.9±2.8 till 54.0±2.3%, respectively, p=0.0004), the decrease of the number of macrophages (from 45.3±3.4 till 31.4±2.6%, p=0.005) without the changes of the number of eosinophils (10.0±2.2 and 10.4±1.6%, p=0.14) against intensified cytolysis (2.4±0.16 and 3.1±0.16%, p=0.0007). There was a decrease of the number of GC in relation to the initial one (from 0.22±0.02 till 0.16±0.02%; p=0.037) without significant changes of the number of epithelial cells (1.6±0.54 and 1.5±1.20%; p=0.97). The total index of destruction of GC was 0.45±0.02 and 0.51±0.02 (p=0.045); the index of cytolysis intensiveness of GC was 0.20±0.04 and 0.20±0.02 (p=0.27). A high number of GC that had a normal structure (0 and 1 class of destruction) as well as an increase of the number of cells in relation to initial values of the number of cells of II class against the absence of changes of III and IV classes of destruction were quite noticeable. Under cytochemical reaction the number of alcian blue stained GC actively synthesizing and secreting glycoproteins in response to IHCA increased in relation to the basic value (from 59.8±3.3 till 70.8±4.0%, p=0.0002, respectively). There was found a close correlation between the intensified production of GC glycoproteins in response to bronchial challenge and intensification of bronchial response (∆FEV1) to IHCA (r=-0.37; p=0.029). Thus, in the patients with BA and CAHR a short-term cold air exposure leads to the increase of the number of neutrophils and the decrease of the number of GC under intensive production of glycoproteins in them.

Lectin Affinity Plasmapheresis for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus and Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Elimination

Background/Aims: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are among the World Health Organization’s top 8 emerging pathogens. Both zoonoses share nonspecific early symptoms, a high lethality rate, and a reduced number of specific treatment options. Therefore, we evaluated extracorporeal virus and glycoprotein (GP) elimination by lectin affinity plasmapheresis (LAP). Methods: For both MERS-CoV (pseudovirus) as well as MARV (GPs), 4 LAP devices (Mini Hemopurifiers, Aethlon Medical, San Diego, CA, USA) and 4 negative controls were tested. Samples were collected every 30 min and analyzed for reduction in virus infectivity by a flow cytometry-based infectivity assay (MERS-CoV) and in soluble GP content (MARV) by an immunoassay. Results: The experiments show a time-dependent clearance of MERS-CoV of up to 80% within 3 h (pseudovirus). Up to 70% of MARV-soluble GPs were eliminated at the same time. Substantial saturation of the binding resins was detected within the first treatment hour. Conclusion: MERS-CoV (pseudovirus) and MARV soluble GPs are eliminated by LAP in vitro. Considering the high lethality and missing established treatment options, LAP should be evaluated in vivo. Especially early initiation, continuous therapy, and timed cartridge exchanges could be of importance.

Protective Effects of Miswak (Salvadora persica) against Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

Gastric ulcers are among the most broadly perceived illnesses affecting individuals. Alcohol consumption is the main cause of gastric ulceration. This study assessed the protective effects of Salvadora persica (SP) extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and elucidated the conceivable underlying mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 40 rats were allotted into 4 equal groups (control, ethanol- (EtOH-) treated, and SP-treated “SP200 and SP400” groups). The control and EtOH-treated groups were given phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and both the SP200 and SP400 groups were given SP extract dissolved in PBS at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., respectively. All treatments were given orally for 7 constitutive days. On the 8th day, all rats were fasted for 24 h followed by oral gavage of PBS in the control group and chilled absolute ethanol solution (5 ml/kg b.w.) in the EtOH- and SP-treated groups to induce gastric lesions. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were harvested. Gross and microscopic examinations of the EtOH-treated group showed severe gastric hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, destruction of epithelial cells, and reduced glycoprotein content at the mucus surface. These pathological lesions were defeated by SP extract treatment. Administration of SP extract modulated the oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defenses. The elevated ethanol-expressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes, as well as bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were diminished in the SP-treated group. Curiously, SP extract upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression comparable to that of the EtOH-treated rats. Aggregately, SP exerted antiulcer activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat models via modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, mitigation of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis, as well as remodeling of both NOS isoforms.

Serum and urine biochemical markers dynamics after using of laser therapy in patients with chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis from endemic iodine deficiency regions

The problem of diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of long limb bones remains complex, multifaceted and not completely resolved in purulent orthopedics.Objective: to determine the biochemical markers of bone tissue in the blood and urine of patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis for the primary assessment of their condition and control of the effectiveness of treatment.Methods: 47 patients were treated with post-traumatic osteomyelitis: 1st group (10 persons) received from non-endemic areas, 2nd (10) and 3rd (27) — f rom endemic (with iodine deficiency). In the 1st a nd 2 nd g roups t he s tandard t reatment s cheme w as used, in the 3rd it was supplemented with laser therapy. The controls used indicators of clinically healthy persons (20). Glycoproteins, alkaline and acidic phosphatase activity, sialic acids, chondroitin sulfates, total and ionized calcium were determined in the serum of blood; in the urine — the content of oxyproline and uronic acids.Results: Patients in group 1 have been gradually lowering biochemical markers of bone destruction and inflammation, starting from 7 days of treatment. Reduction in the level of excretion of oxyproline and uronic acids indicates a slowdown in catabolism of collagen and proteoglycans. In patients in group 2, the decrease in the content of glycoproteins, cholesterol and haptoglobin in serum was noted only 14 days after the start of treatment. Patients in the 3rd group recovered biochemical blood and urine output more intensively.Conclusions: post-traumatic osteomyelitis is characterized by an in­crease in serum of markers of inflammation and destruction of bone tissue, as well as catabolism of collagen and proteoglycans. The use of the treatment regimen using laser therapy had a higher clinical efficacy, which was confirmed by a decrease in the biochemical markers of inflammation and bone destruction during treatment.

Evaluation of biochemical algal floc properties using Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Imaging

Coagulation and flocculation (C-F) followed by a separation process such as sedimentation or dissolved air flotation is a major barrier to algal or cyanobacterial cells in water treatment plants and a common harvesting technique for algae cultured for high value products. Tailoring algal physical floc properties (size, strength, and density) has been shown to be important to optimise separation, however, the chemical properties of the flocs that lead to the physical properties are not yet well understood. This study investigated the biochemical composition of algal (Chlorella vulgaris) and cyanobacterial (Microcystis aeruginosa) flocs produced under sweep flocculation using aluminium sulphate as a coagulant. These flocs had very different physical properties. A new approach was developed to undertake biochemical characterisation of associated flocs using reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging. Analysing the biochemical composition of the algal and cyanobacterial flocs revealed that the distribution of proteins and carbohydrates in the flocs are most likely responsible for the unique physical floc characteristics observed. The large flocs of C. vulgaris were characterised by a homogenous distribution of proteins and polysaccharides, and a high glycoprotein and biopolymer content. In contrast, the smaller but stronger flocs of M. aeruginosa had more concentrated protein regions within the flocs that tended to associate at the edge of regions which were absent of biomolecules, potentially comprising coagulant. Overall, the technique shows great potential for analysing algal flocs to gain a better understanding of the underlying biochemical composition and distribution of these biomolecules that leads to the varying physical floc properties.

Genome editing for scalable production of alloantigen‐free lentiviral vectors for in vivo gene therapy

Lentiviral vectors (LV) are powerful and versatile vehicles for gene therapy. However, their complex biological composition challenges large‐scale manufacturing and raises concerns for in vivo applications, because particle components and contaminants may trigger immune responses. Here, we show that producer cell‐derived polymorphic class‐I major histocompatibility complexes (MHC‐I) are incorporated into the LV surface and trigger allogeneic T‐cell responses. By disrupting the beta‐2 microglobulin gene in producer cells, we obtained MHC‐free LV with substantially reduced immunogenicity. We introduce this targeted editing into a novel stable LV packaging cell line, carrying single‐copy inducible vector components, which can be reproducibly converted into high‐yield LV producers upon site‐specific integration of the LV genome of interest. These LV efficiently transfer genes into relevant targets and are more resistant to complement‐mediated inactivation, because of reduced content of the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G compared to vectors produced by transient transfection. Altogether, these advances support scalable manufacturing of alloantigen‐free LV with higher purity and increased complement resistance that are better suited for in vivo gene therapy.

Dynamics of biochemical and immunological blood markers in patients with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck after total hip arthroplasty

The importance of biomarkers to predict recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is still unclear to clinicians. To assess the preoperative biomarkers of patients with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck and their dynamics in the early postoperative period after THA, 50 patients aged 33 to 82 years old, 18 males and 32 females diagnosed with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck after failed internal fixation and failed conservative management were studied. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 27 to 50 years, 13 males, 17 females. Patients’ blood was examined for biochemical markers upon admission, and then on the 7th and 14th days after surgery. Their blood serum content of total protein, albumin, glycoproteins, sialic acids, chondroitin sulfates, haptoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, acid phosphatase, thymol index; interleukins (IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6.) and C-reactive protein was measured. The content of glycoproteins in the blood exceeded normal by 2.3 times, chondroitin sulfate by 4.7 times, sialic acids by 1.5 times, haptoglobin by 55.8%, fibrinogen by 19.1%, globulin by 19,6%, alkaline phosphatase activity by 72.3%, IL-1 by 94.7 and IL-6 by 3 times, C-reactive protein by 2.6 times. After THA there was a gradual decrease in blood biochemical and immunological markers. The most informative laboratory markers were glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, sialic acids, haptoglobin, activity of alkaline phosphatase, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-4, and C-reactive protein. Subsequent research is required to validate these dynamics.

Overexpression of Golgi Protein CYP21-4s Improves Crop Productivity in Potato and Rice by Increasing the Abundance of Mannosidic Glycoproteins.

CYP21-4 is a novel Golgi-localized cyclophilin protein involved in oxidative stress tolerance. Here, we generated transgenic plants overexpressing AtCYP21-4 and OsCYP21-4 in potato and rice, respectively. The stems and roots of AtCYP21-4–overexpressing potato plants were longer than those of wild-type (WT) plants, which resulted in heavier tubers. In vitro tuberization in the transgenic potato also resulted in significantly greater tuber number and weight, as well as a shorter time to microtuber formation. Similarly, OsCYP21-4–overexpressing transgenic rice plants had higher biomass and productivity with longer early-stage internodes than the WT and higher seed weight. Immunoblot analysis with CYP21-4 antibody showed that these productivity-enhancing phenotypes were associated with high CYP21-4s protein expression. Anatomically, transgenic potato stems exhibited higher lignin content in xylem cells and thicker leaves. In addition, relative content of mannosidic glycoproteins per unit of total protein was above 20% in transgenic potato tubers and rice grains. Based on these findings, we propose that CYP21-4s are involved in the growth and development of plant vegetative and storage tissues via their effects on glycoprotein abundance or glycan processing in the Golgi apparatus. Thus, increasing CYP21-4s expression in crops could represent an alternative way to increase crop productivity and yield.

Effect of different agricultural management practices on soil biological parameters including glomalin fraction

The aim of the study was to determine the glycoproteins content (total glomalin (TG), easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and soil proteins related to glomalin (GRSP)) in soil under long-term monoculture of maize. Soil microbiological and biochemical properties, including microbial biomass and enzymatic activity were also assessed. The presence of total, easily-extractable glomalin and soil proteins related to glomalin was dependent on both the growth phase of the plant and tillage system. The highest content of glomalin was detected in the soils under maize in direct sowing and reduced tillage. The glomalin content was correlated with soil biological activity. The linear regression was observed between TG and GRSP content, but no linear relationship was found between GRSP and C<sub>org</sub>. The principal component analysis showed the strong correlations between the parameters of soil quality and biodiversity indicators. Selected indicators of soil microbial parameters explained 52.27% biological variability in soils.

Features of metabolic disorders in patients with hernias of lumbar spine associated with arterial hypertension

The combination of arterial hypertension (AH) with the spine pathology is a natural manifestation of connected structural-functional disorders.Aim is to determine the features of metabolic disorders in the organism of patients with hernias of lumbar spine, associated with arterial hypertension (AH), on the base of clinical-biochemical and immunological markers.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2016 on the base of SI “Institute of spine and joints pathology, named after prof. M.I. Sitenko, NAMS of Ukraine”. There were examined 37 patients with lumbar spine hernias: 23 – without concomitant pathologies, 14 – in association with AH of 1–2 degrees of І–ІІ stage. The control group – 30 persons, 13 men and 17 women. General protein, glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, C-reactive protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, β-lipoproteins, calcium, ALAT, ASAT, CPK, LDG, IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6 were determined in blood serum.Results of research. The content of interleukins in the group of patients with AH was higher than in the group of patients without it. In the group of patients with AH IL-1 was increased in 10,5 times, IL-6 – in 5,3 times that testifies to heavier immunologic disorders in patients with AH. The content of glycoproteins in patients without AH was increased by 55,8 %, in patients with AH – in 2,1 times comparing with control. The content of chondroitin sulfates in patients with hernias without AH was increased in 2,8 times, in ones with AH – in 4 times. LDG was increased, CPK – decreased in both groups. β-lipoproteins in blood of patients without concomitant AH was increased by 44,6 %, in patients with AH – by 67 %.Conclusions. In patients with lumbar spine hernias, associated with AH were observed heavier inflammatory-destructive disorders in the cartilage tissue. The increased content of β-lipoproteins in blood of patients with lumbar spine hernias, associated with AH comparing with patients without it may indicate age disorders of lipids metabolism. IL-1 and IL-6 уin patients with lumbar spine hernias, associated with AH were higher comparing with patients without it