Concentrations Of Constituents Research Articles

Nutraceutical profile of goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries in relation to environmental conditions and harvesting period

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries are well known for their biological activities and health-promoting antioxidant properties. Environmental and climatic factors can greatly affect accumulation of secondary metabolites, carotenoids and other antioxidants in plants. We determined the content and composition of main functional constituents of goji berries produced in central Italy in relation to the time of harvesting during two ripening seasons by analyzing the main environmental variables involved. The highest flavonoids content (0,19 ± 0,006 mg QE/g) and antioxidant power (0,03 ± 0,001 mmol Fe2+eq/g) were found at the beginning of the fruiting season. In September, berries show the highest total polyphenols (3,22 ± 0,09 mg GAE/g) and zeaxanthin contents (339,79 ± 14,12 μg/g). Our study focused on some important aspects related to the production of goji fruits with high nutraceutical characteristics in a non-experimental cultivation. Our results could provide reliable information on Goji performance in the European climate to be used for the exploitation of the species suggesting the best harvesting timing in terms of antioxidant power and nutraceutical features of berries. This information could be particularly useful for farmers eager to improve the quality of their products.

Use of Hydrodistillation to Obtain and Fractionate Essential Oils Simultaneously

A simple method was developed to obtain and fractionate essential oil simultaneously by hydrodistillation. With this method it was possible to obtain essential oils from the leaves of Piper arboreum with the cadinol content ranging from 17.7 to 57.9%. In the essential oils from the leaves of P. aduncum was identified dillapiole with content ranging from 4.6 to 96.9%; and further, essential oil from P. marginatum with the presence of phenylpropanoids as minor compounds. The essential oils of the three Piper species varied in antimicrobial activity when fractionated, with P. marginatum oil exhibiting the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 19.5 µg mL-1 for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium. The method was efficient for the separation and concentration of chemical constituents of essential oils from the same plant, able to distinguish the different chemical profiles, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Petrology of the Lower Succession of Injana Formation, Shorr Shareen area, Wasit Governorate, - Eastern Iraq

This study deals with the petrology of the lower succession of the Injana Formation in the Shorr Shareen area, Wasit Governorate, Eastern Iraq. The study revealed that the sandstone is litharenite consists of 45.56% rock fragments, 22.13% quartz and 8.5% feldspars. The matrix is about 8.39%, consisting of silt and clay particles. The cement is variable (carbonates 8.42%, evaporites 1.78% and iron oxides 0.96%). The grain assemblage infers that the source of the rock fragments is nearby. The petrographic analyses indicate that the studied Injana sandstones are immature mineralogically because of their content of unstable constituents, such as lithic fragments and feldspars. In addition, the presence of such fresh feldspars indicates that the climate in the source area and the deposition site were arid to semi-arid.

An Experimental Study of Pyrochlore Solubility in Peralkaline Granitic Melts

AbstractPeralkaline rocks (defined by molar (Na + K)/Al > 1) are typically enriched in Nb and halogens (such as F and Cl). They can further be subdivided into silica-saturated (e.g., alkali granites) and silica-undersaturated (e.g., nepheline syenites). The current study investigates the solubility product (Ksp) of pyrochlore, the most important ore mineral for Nb in peralkaline granites. The Ksp of pyrochlore increases strongly with increasing temperature and with decreasing A/CNK (molar Al2O3/CaO+Na2O+K2O). By contrast, the Ksp of pyrochlore is only weakly dependent on the F content of the melt, if F concentrations are greater than 1 wt %. The Ksp values of pyrochlore from this study are compared to those of columbite from both this study and the literature to evaluate the controls on the crystallization of these two Nb minerals for granites in variable composition. In peralkaline granitic melts with A/CNK < 1, the Ksp values of pyrochlore are lower than those of columbite, but in peraluminous melts with A/CNK > 1, the Ksp values of pyrochlore are higher than those of columbite, and in subaluminous melts, the Ksp values of pyrochlore and columbite are almost the same. Thus, for melts with similar concentrations of essential structural constituents (Ca-Na in the case of pyrochlore and Mn in the case of columbite), the solubility experiments explain why pyrochlore is more common in peralkaline granitic systems, whereas columbite is the main Nb-bearing mineral in peraluminous systems.An expression that describes the dependence of logKsp on temperature and A/CNK was obtained using the experimental results from the F-enriched granitic melts:logKsp=(−5.22±0.50)×(1000⁄T)−(1.91±0.16)×A/CNK+(3.60±0.61)R2=0.97 where temperature (T) is in Kelvin (K). Using this expression, the saturation solubility or the crystallization temperature of pyrochlore can be calculated for the differentiation of peralkaline granitic magmas. This equation was used in conjunction with data from natural melt inclusions to evaluate whether these melts could have been pyrochlore-saturated. In some cases, the melts could not have been pyrochlore-saturated at reasonable temperatures, but in other cases, notably the pegmatite melts at Strange Lake, the concentrations of the essential structural constituents of pyrochlore (i.e., Nb, Ca, Na, F) in the melt inclusions are consistent with magmatic pyrochlore saturation.

Cytotoxic evaluation and chemical investigation of tomatoes from plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in uncontaminated and experimentally contaminated soils

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the tomato extracts coming from, Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3, and then to evaluate the potential changes when plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium, chromium and lead. Extracts were investigated by UHPLC-HRMS and UV–Vis. Cell viability (CellTiter-Glo Luminescent assay), enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDEFLOUR Assay), cell cycle progression (Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer), apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V-FITC assay) were evaluated on two gastric cancer (AGS and NCI-N87) and two colorectal cancer (HT-29 and HCT 116) cell lines. Different content of polyphenol and carotenoid constituents was observed. Extracts from uncontaminated soil induced cytotoxic activity towards all selected cancer cells, while extracts coming from contaminated soils showed the aberrant phenotype increased in colorectal cancer cells. Chloroform extracts exerted the highest cytotoxic activity. AGS and HT-29 were the most sensitive to cell cycle arrest and to apoptosis. No necrotic effect was observed in HCT 116. The contrasting effects on cancer cells were observed based on tomato variety, the extract polarity, heavy metal identity, and tested cell line. The investigation of potential adverse health effects due to Cd in the fruits should be explored.

Quality Evaluation of Tetrastigmae Radix from Two Different Habitats Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

Tetrastigmae Radix, also known as Sanyeqing (SYQ) in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine with a long history. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg mainly grows in the south of the Yangtze River and is widely distributed. The content of bioactive constituents in SYQ varies greatly in different habitats, and there are obvious differences in the content of bioactive constituents between southwestern SYQ (WS) and southeastern SYQ (ES). To distinguish and evaluate the quality of ES and WS, an analytical method based on ultrafast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 60 constituents including 25 flavonoids, 9 phenolic acids, 15 amino acids, and 11 nucleosides in 47 samples from ES and WS. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), t-test, and gray correlation analysis (GRA) were used to discriminate and evaluate the ES and WS samples based on the contents of 60 constituents. The results showed that there were significant differences in the bioactive constituents between ES and WS, and ES was superior to WS in terms of quality evaluation. This study not only provides basic information for differentiating ES and WS but also provides a new perspective for the comprehensive evaluation and quality control of SYQ from two different habitats.

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps at high speed, and high spatial resolution of thin samples by directly interrogating their molecular vibrations. In its standard implementation, SRS microscopy is narrowband and forms images with only a single vibrational frequency at a time. However, this approach not only hinders the chemical specificity of SRS but also neglects the wealth of information encoded within vibrational spectra. These limitations can be overcome by broadband SRS, an implementation capable of extracting a vibrational spectrum per pixel of the image in parallel. This delivers hyperspectral data that, when coupled with chemometric analysis, maximizes the amount of information retrieved from the specimen. Thus, broadband SRS improves the chemical specificity of the system, allowing the quantitative determination of the concentration of the different constituents of a sample. Here, we report a protocol for chemical imaging with broadband SRS microscopy, based on a home-built SRS microscope operating with a custom differential multichannel-lock-in amplifier detection. It discusses the sample preparation, alignment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometric analysis. By acquiring vibrational Raman spectra, the protocol illustrates how to identify different chemical species within a mixture, determining their relative concentrations.

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps at high speed, and high spatial resolution of thin samples by directly interrogating their molecular vibrations. In its standard implementation, SRS microscopy is narrowband and forms images with only a single vibrational frequency at a time. However, this approach not only hinders the chemical specificity of SRS but also neglects the wealth of information encoded within vibrational spectra. These limitations can be overcome by broadband SRS, an implementation capable of extracting a vibrational spectrum per pixel of the image in parallel. This delivers hyperspectral data that, when coupled with chemometric analysis, maximizes the amount of information retrieved from the specimen. Thus, broadband SRS improves the chemical specificity of the system, allowing the quantitative determination of the concentration of the different constituents of a sample. Here, we report a protocol for chemical imaging with broadband SRS microscopy, based on a home-built SRS microscope operating with a custom differential multichannel-lock-in amplifier detection. It discusses the sample preparation, alignment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometric analysis. By acquiring vibrational Raman spectra, the protocol illustrates how to identify different chemical species within a mixture, determining their relative concentrations.

Quantitative Analysis of Routine Chemical Constituents of Tobacco Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis.

As the most basic indexes to evaluate the quality of tobacco, the contents of routine chemical constituents in tobacco are mainly detected by continuous-flow analysis at present. However, this method suffers from complex operation, time consumption, and environmental pollution. Thus, it is necessary to establish a rapid accurate detection method. Herein, different from the ongoing research studies that mainly chose near-infrared spectroscopy as the information source for quantitative analysis of chemical components in tobacco, we proposed for the first time to use the thermogravimetric (TG) curve to characterize the chemical composition of tobacco. The quantitative analysis models of six routine chemical constituents in tobacco, including total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, total alkaloids, chlorine, and potassium, were established by the combination of TG curve and partial least squares algorithm. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by the value of root mean square error for prediction. The models can be used for the rapid accurate analysis of compound contents. Moreover, we performed an in-depth analysis of the chemical mechanism revealed by the result of the quantitative model, namely, the regression coefficient, which reflected the correlation degree between the six chemicals and different stages of the tobacco thermal decomposition process.

Accuracy and Reproducibility of Above-Water Radiometry With Calibrated Smartphone Cameras Using RAW Data

Consumer cameras, especially on smartphones, are popular and effective instruments for above-water radiometry. The remote sensing reflectance Rrs is measured above the water surface and used to estimate inherent optical properties and constituent concentrations. Two smartphone apps, HydroColor and EyeOnWater, are used worldwide by professional and citizen scientists alike. However, consumer camera data have problems with accuracy and reproducibility between cameras, with systematic differences of up to 40% in intercomparisons. These problems stem from the need, until recently, to use JPEG data. Lossless data, in the RAW format, and calibrations of the spectral and radiometric response of consumer cameras can now be used to significantly improve the data quality. Here, we apply these methods to above-water radiometry. The resulting accuracy in Rrs is around 10% in the red, green, and blue (RGB) bands and 2% in the RGB band ratios, similar to professional instruments and up to 9 times better than existing smartphone-based methods. Data from different smartphones are reproducible to within measurement uncertainties, which are on the percent level. The primary sources of uncertainty are environmental factors and sensor noise. We conclude that using RAW data, smartphones and other consumer cameras are complementary to professional instruments in terms of data quality. We offer practical recommendations for using consumer cameras in professional and citizen science.

Active Microphase Separation in Mixtures of Microtubules and Tip-Accumulating Molecular Motors.

Mixtures of filaments and molecular motors form active materials with diverse dynamical behaviors that vary based on their constituents' molecular properties. To develop a multiscale of these materials, we map the nonequilibrium phase diagram of microtubules and tip-accumulating kinesin-4 molecular motors. We find that kinesin-4 can drive either global contractions or turbulentlike extensile dynamics, depending on the concentrations of both microtubules and a bundling agent. We also observe a range of spatially heterogeneous nonequilibrium phases, including finite-sized radial asters, 1D wormlike chains, extended 2D bilayers, and system-spanning 3D active foams. Finally, we describe intricate kinetic pathways that yield microphase separated structures and arise from the inherent frustration between the orientational order of filamentous microtubules and the positional order of tip-accumulating molecular motors. Our work reveals a range of novel active states. It also shows that the form of active stresses is not solely dictated by the properties of individual motors and filaments, but is also contingent on the constituent concentrations and spatial arrangement of motors on the filaments.

Characterization of a rapid condensate collection apparatus for in vitro assays of electronic nicotine delivery systems

In vitro testing of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) aerosol condensates is important in evaluating their potential toxicity. Collecting sufficient condensate for these tests is a time consuming and costly procedure. The “triple puff (TP)” is a novel system which collects the aerosol from three ENDS devices sequentially into a single filter pad and impinger. The TP substantially reduces condensate collection time relative to the conventional single ENDS, single puff (SP), device system. Both the TP and SP (using two puffing profiles) were used to generate condensates from JUUL ENDS e-liquid Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight). Aerosols were collected using the filter pad and ethanol-containing impinger method. Condensates produced with the SP and TP were compared for concentrations of primary constituents and carbonyl compounds as well as for their cytotoxicity (OECD 129), mutagenicity (OECD 471) and genotoxicity (OECD 487). Condensates generated with the SP and TP, regardless of puffing regimen, were very similar chemically and equivalent in the biological assays tested (not cytotoxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic). The TP device significantly reduces production time of ENDS condensates relative to the standard SP method and thus may facilitate further research by reducing the time and effort required to collect ENDS condensates.

Characterising retrieval uncertainty of chlorophyll-a algorithms in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes and reservoirs

Remote sensing product uncertainties for phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (chla) concentration in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes and reservoirs were characterised across 13 existing algorithms using an in situ dataset of water constituent concentrations, inherent optical properties (IOPs) and remote-sensing reflectance spectra Rrsλ collected from 53 lakes and reservoirs (346 observations; chla concentration < 10 mg m-3, dataset median 2.5 mg m-3). Substantial shortcomings in retrieval accuracy were evident with median absolute percentage differences (MAPD) > 37% and mean absolute differences (MAD) > 1.82 mg m-3. Using the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) band configuration improved the accuracies by 10–20% compared to the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) configuration. Retrieval uncertainties were attributed to optical and biogeochemical properties using machine learning models through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The chla retrieval uncertainty of most semi-analytical algorithms was primarily determined by phytoplankton absorption and composition. Machine learning chla algorithms showed relatively high sensitivity to light absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal pigment particulates (NAP). In contrast, the uncertainties of red/near-infrared algorithms, which aim for lower uncertainty in the presence of CDOM and NAP, were primarily explained through the total absorption by phytoplankton at 673 nm (aϕ(673)) and variables related to backscatter. Based on these uncertainty characterisations we discuss the suitability of the evaluated algorithm formulations, and we make recommendations for chla estimation improvements in oligo- and mesotrophic lakes and reservoirs.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for estimating soil properties: A technology for the 21st century

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements of soil samples are reliable because they are highly repeatable and reproducible. They characterise the samples' mineral–organic composition. Estimates of concentrations of soil constituents are inevitably less precise than estimates obtained conventionally by chemical analysis. But the cost of each spectroscopic estimate is at most one‐tenth of the cost of a chemical determination. Spectroscopy is cost‐effective when we need many data, despite the costs and errors of calibration. Soil spectroscopists understand the risks of over‐fitting models to highly dimensional multivariate spectra and have command of the mathematical and statistical methods to avoid them. Machine learning has fast become an algorithmic alternative to statistical analysis for estimating concentrations of soil constituents from reflectance spectra. As with any modelling, we need judicious implementation of machine learning as it also carries the risk of over‐fitting predictions to irrelevant elements of the spectra. To use the methods confidently, we need to validate the outcomes with appropriately sampled, independent data sets. Not all machine learning should be considered ‘black boxes’. Their interpretability depends on the algorithm, and some are highly interpretable and explainable. Some are difficult to interpret because of complex transformations or their huge and complicated network of parameters. But there is rapidly advancing research on explainable machine learning, and these methods are finding applications in soil science and spectroscopy. In many parts of the world, soil and environmental scientists recognise the merits of soil spectroscopy. They are building spectral libraries on which they can draw to localise the modelling and derive soil information for new projects within their domains. We hope our article gives readers a more balanced and optimistic perspective of soil spectroscopy and its future.HighlightsSpectroscopy is reliable because it is a highly repeatable and reproducible analytical technique.Spectra are calibrated to estimate concentrations of soil properties with known error.Spectroscopy is cost‐effective for estimating soil properties.Machine learning is becoming ever more powerful for extracting accurate information from spectra, and methods for interpreting the models exist.Large libraries of soil spectra provide information that can be used locally to aid estimates from new samples.

Simultaneous monitoring of volatile organic contaminant concentration and controlling factors for vapor intrusion risk evaluations—Two select cases

AbstractThe US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends basing vapor intrusion risk‐related decisions on reasonable maximum exposure (RME). The RME can occur during conditions and factors that control advective vapor transport. The most common vapor intrusion assessment approaches consist of randomly timed sample collection efforts without regard to vapor transport controlling factors. As such, they often do not accurately yield RME estimates and are, therefore, inconsistent with USEPA recommended risk decision criteria. To address these challenges, continuous high‐frequency monitoring platforms have been deployed to concurrently track indoor concentrations of key volatile constituents, climatic conditions, and nominal pressure differential conditions that can result in toxic vapor transport and entry into buildings. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how vapor intrusion RME‐based risks can be successfully and efficiently characterized by documenting concentrations during advective chemical transport into the building. Time series analyses of data from selected sites and time increments were performed and compared to results expected from the most commonly employed sampling methods. These analyses indicate that time‐weighted analyses and resulting conclusions and risk‐based decisions can vary depending upon the sample timing. More specifically, these findings demonstrate that RME estimates will only be representative with a sufficient level of confidence when samples are collected at appropriate times. High‐frequency monitoring of dynamic concentration and controlling factors, and determination of a time‐weighted concentration average over a selected duration concurrent with advective flux conditions allows for the derivation of a representative RME‐based risk estimate. Furthermore, these variable temporal data patterns can prove insightful regarding cause‐and‐effect relationships.

Sex-related Differences of Excoecaria agallocha L. with a View to Defence and Growth.

Excoecaria agallocha is a dioecious mangrove species, reported to have various medicinal properties. This study compares the gender-related biological activities between the sexes of E. agallocha in accordance with morpho-biochemical parameters which indicate their fitness over various environmental stresses as well as some information about the investment of their resources over defence and growth. For this investigation, mature sun leaves of E. agallocha were collected from each sex from three different ecological regions like Bokkhali, Jharkhali, and Kolkata, West Bengal. The comparative study found that leaf of female plants yielded more compounds than males and also resulted in higher anti-bacterial, reducing power, total antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation activities. Female leaves also showed higher concentrations of biochemical constituents like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and total protein content than male leaves. However, leaf area of all-male leaves in all sites was found to be greater than female leaves. The differences in growth rate and secondary metabolite content-based defences between sexes suggest that females invest resources in defences or resistance (Relative electrolytic leakages and TBARS content), whereas male invests their resources in growth (Leaf area) or tolerance. The present study strongly suggests that the female plant’s yields are more beneficial in terms of medicinal properties as compared to the male plant.

Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Wheat Stubble Agro-Residues to Eliminate Non-Process Components Meant for Papermaking and its Impact on Mechanical Strength Properties of Paper Products

Wheat stubble agro-residues material contains lingo-cellulose with high level of extractives and metal ions, which may be able to instigate some harmful impacts on the papermaking process. Pretreatment of stubble on the removal of metal ions and extractive, its impact on the content of chemical constituents like holocelluose, lignin, silica, the pulping yield as well as the mechanical properties of paper were examined in the laboratory. Acid pretreatment significantly reduced the content of the metal ions with about more than 50%. The conditions for acid pretreatment of the material were optimized to pH-2 at 5% consistency for 1 hour retention time with more benefits in extractives and metal ions removal and less impact on cellulose degradation. The demand of active alkali charge during pulp making was observed to be about 3% lower for the pretreated material as compared to the untreated one. Despite of chemical conservation, a higher pulping yield of about 6-7% was also observed in case of acid pretreated materials. Improved thickness, more crystalline and a high degree of polymerization of cellulose fibre were noticed due to acid pretreatment and the pulp obtained from acid pretreated material showed improved mechanical strength properties (tensile, tear, burst strength etc.). The study revealed that pretreatment of agro-residue material with dilute acid (optimized conditions) could be used to remove the non-process component and make it suitable for utilization in papermaking process with improved mechanical properties in the paper products.

Soil Order-Land Use Index Using Field-Satellite Spectroradiometry in the Ecuadorian Andean Territory for Modeling Soil Quality

Land use conversion is the main cause for soil degradation, influencing the sustainability of agricultural activities in the Ecuadorian Andean region. The possibility to identify the quality based on the spectral properties allows remote sensing methods to offer an alternative form of monitoring the environment. This study used laboratory spectroscopy and multi-spectral images (Sentinel 2) with environmental covariates (physicochemical parameters) to find an affordable method that can be used to present spatial prediction models as a tool for the evaluation of the quality of Andean soils. The models were developed using statistical techniques of logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis to generate an index based on soil order and three indexes based on the combination of soil order and land use. This combined approach offers an effective method, relative to traditional laboratory methods, to derive estimates of the content and composition of soil constituents, such as electrical conductivity (CE), organic matter (OM), pH, and soil moisture (HU). For Mollisol index.3 with Páramo land use, a value of organic matter (OM) ≥8.6% was obtained, whereas for Mollisol index.4 with Shrub land use, OM was ≥6.1%. These results reveal good predictive (estimation) capabilities for these soil order–land use groups. This provides a new way to monitor soil quality using remote sensing techniques, opening promising prospects for operational applications in land use planning.

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FICUS GLOMERATA FOR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: This study is focused on the evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties contained in Ficus glomerata. Various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloid, glycoside, total phenolic content, flavonoid, and carbohydrate constituent content were evaluated. Methods: Extraction of plant F. glomerata was obtained using methanol as solvent using soxhlation. Antioxidant properties in F. glomerata extract were evaluated using free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Antioxidant activity of the extract of F. glomerata was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. Results: The result obtained from the study was in support of the use of F. glomerata as a natural antioxidant against free radicals that are formed in the pathogenesis of many metabolic disorders. Conclusion: The results obtained from the research found to conclude that antioxidant properties derived from natural extracts may be a promising alternative to synthetic oxidants and may aid in avoiding the side effects associated with the use of synthetic antioxidants. Other than the antioxidant properties, a correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant properties.

404-P: Relationships among Triglyceride (TG) Concentrations across Lipoprotein Subclasses, Intraglomerular Hemodynamics, and Kidney Oxygen Availability in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses associate with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults with T1D, but little is known about this relationship in youth with T1D. We evaluated cross-sectional relationships among TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses, intraglomerular hemodynamics, and renal oxygen availability (RO2) in youth with T1D. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) , RO2, renal plasma flow (RPF) , afferent arteriolar resistance (RA) , efferent arteriolar resistance (RE) , intraglomerular pressure (PGLO) , and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were assessed. Concentrations of lipid constituents from lipoprotein subclasses were quantified via targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Nightingale Health Ltd., Helsinki, Finland) . Particle sizes for VLDL, LDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, and HDL were measured. Fifty youth with T1D (age 16.0 ± 3.0 years, 50% female, HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.3%, T1D duration 5.7 ± 2.6 years) and 20 without T1D were included. VLDL-TG concentrations and small LDL-TG correlated with intraglomerular hemodynamic function parameters and RO2. To conclude, strong relationships were found among renal function markers and TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses in adolescents with T1D. Disclosure M.E.Pauley: None. K.L.Tommerdahl: None. C.Vinovskis: None. L.Pyle: None. R.Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Dompé, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Other Relationship; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. R.G.Nelson: None. K.J.Nadeau: None. P.Bjornstad: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Horizon Therapeutics plc, LG Chem, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Funding MEP supported by NIH (T32DK063687) ; KLT supported by NIH (K23 HL159292) , Children’s Hospital Colorado Research Institute Research Scholar Award, University of Colorado Diabetes Research Center (P30 DK116073) , Ludeman Family Center for Women’s Health Research at the University of Colorado, and Dept of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology at University of Colorado School of Medicine; PB supported by NIDDK (RDK129211, R21 DK129720, K23 DK116720, UC DK114886, and P30 DK116073) , JDRF (2-SRA-2019-845-S-B, 3-SRA-2017-424-M-B, 3-SRA-2022-1097-M-B) , Boettcher Foundation, American Heart Association (20IPA35260142) , Ludeman Family Center for Women’s Health Research at the University of Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes at University of Colorado School of Medicine