Item Content Research Articles

Blueprint of ethics content in undergraduate education: A workshop-research study.

Ethics is a fundamental component of nursing education to increase students' moral competence and moral reasoning abilities. However, the core ethics content that should be included in undergraduate education has not been established to date at the international level. To identify the core contents required in formal undergraduate education to ensure morally competent nurses. An international workshop-research study design in 2023 reported here according to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research. Five countries in the context of Promoting a Morally Competent Nurse project participated. In each country, two workshops took place, one with nurse professionals and one with patients' representatives for a total of 58 individuals (32 and 26, respectively). After being translated into English language, data were categorized deductively. The Dublin Learning Outcomes Descriptors and the blueprint methodology were applied. The research protocol was ethically approved in every country where the study was performed. A total of 59 core content elements emerged, with 'ethics of individualized/tailored/patient-centred care' (n = 8) and 'empathy' (n = 6) as the most suggested. Nearly half (n = 26) of the core content items suggested were reported only once (e.g. 'priority setting') while overall several referred to 'communication skills' (n = 17). A diverse richness across countries emerged, with some suggesting a few items, and others providing several. Similarly, professionals and patients in most countries agreed that some contents of individualized care, empathy and responsibility should be taught in nursing education, but several core contents were mentioned by only one group of participants and in one country. The lack of convergence on core content to be taught suggests that different views are still present. Merging these perspectives may stimulate a reciprocal understanding between professionals and patients, as well as across countries, and support the identification of commonalities and differences to further harmonize undergraduate education in the field.

Implementation intention na adesão aos antidiabéticos orais: validação de estratégia de intervenção

Abstract Objective To develop and validate a brief intervention strategy based on the concept of implementation intention to promote adherence to oral antidiabetics in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus being monitored in primary care. Method This is a methodological study carried out in a primary health unit in Carmo do Cajuru, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from May 2022 to April 2023. The stages taken involved intervention construction based on the concept of implementation intention, with validity of its content by seven experts and assessment of its comprehensibility by 11 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An expert committee assessed the intervention’s relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness, and the target audience exclusively assessed their comprehensibility through a cognitive interview. Agreement among experts was assessed by the item and total Content Validity Index (CVI), with item and total CVI being considered satisfactory ≥ 0.85. Results The intervention strategy was called “Plan for coping with difficulties in taking oral antidiabetics”, and its final validated version was composed of a set of initial instructions, a topic on intended behavior, a column with 13 possible difficulties and a column with 16 possible solutions to the difficulties listed. A total CVI of 0.99 was obtained, and the intervention strategy was understood by the target audience. Conclusion The brief intervention strategy obtained evidence of content validity. This technology can support and motivate healthcare professionals’ practice, especially nurses, to improve their approach to users with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to adherence to oral antidiabetic medications.

Examining item content across nine psychological (in)flexibility scales: What do they measure?

Examining item content across nine psychological (in)flexibility scales: What do they measure?

Psychometric evaluation of the elderly mobility scale in Indonesia.

The Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) is widely used to identify mobility limitations in older adults, though it has not been validated in Indonesia. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the EMS (EMS-I). A cross-sectional design involving 230 older adults in South Tangerang City, Indonesia, was used. The EMS was translated and culturally adapted following a multistage process. Psychometric testing included content validity, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analysis. The participants had a mean age of 70, with 65.7 % female. Results demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .942) and item content validity index (I-CVI > .75). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a unidimensional structure, with confirmatory factor analysis supporting a good model fit. The EMS-I shows high reliability and validity, enabling healthcare professionals to monitor mobility status and facilitate targeted interventions for enhancing well-being in community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia.

Evaluating Online Cannabis Health Information for Thai Breast Cancer Survivors Using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST): Mixed Method Study.

Following medical cannabis legalization in Thailand in 2019, more people are seeking medical cannabis-related information, including women living with breast cancer. The extent to which they access cannabis-related information from internet sources and social media platforms and the quality of such content are relatively unknown and need further evaluation. This study aims to analyze the factors determining cannabis-related content quality for breast cancer care from internet sources and on social media platforms and examine the characteristics of such content accessed and consumed by Thai breast cancer survivors. A mixed methods study was conducted between January 2021 and May 2022, involving a breast cancer survivor support group. The group identified medical cannabis-related content from frequently accessed internet sources and social media platforms. The contents were categorized based on content creators, platforms, content category, and upload dates. Four researchers used the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) to assess content quality, with scores ranging from 0 to 28. Contents were expert-rated as either high or poor. The QUEST interobserver reliability was analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis with the Youden index was used to determine the QUEST score cut-off point. Statistical significance was set at P<.05. Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis was undertaken to examine the underlying discourses around poor-quality content. Sixty-two Thai-language cannabis-related items were evaluated. The content sources were categorized as follows: news channels (21/62, 34%), government sources (16/62, 26%), health care providers (12/62, 19%), and alternative medicine providers (12/62, 19%). Most of the contents (30/62, 48%) were uploaded to YouTube, whereas 31% (19/62) appeared on websites and Facebook. Forty of 62 content items (64%) were news-related and generic cannabis advertisements while 8 of 62 (13%) content items had no identifiable date. The interobserver QUEST score correlation was 0.86 (P<.001). The mean QUEST score was 12.1 (SD 7.6). Contents were considered "high" when the expert rating was >3. With a QUEST score of 15 as the threshold, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between high and poor content quality were 81% and 98%, respectively. Content creation was the only significant factor between high- and poor-quality content. Poor-quality contents were primarily created by alternative medicine providers and news channels. Two discourses were identified: advocacy for cannabis use normalization and cannabis romanticization as a panacea. These discourses overly normalize and romanticize the use of cannabis, focusing on indications and instructions for cannabis use, and medical cannabis promotion, while neglecting discussions on cannabis contraindications and potential side effects. The varying quality of medical cannabis-related information on internet sources and social media platforms accessed and shared by Thai breast cancer survivors is an issue of concern. Given that content creators are the sole predictive factors of high content quality, future studies should examine a wider range of cannabis-related sources accessible to both the public and patients to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties Testing of the Persian Version of the Emergency Department Forensic Nursing Survey.

Forensic nursing is an evolving specialty focusing on healthcare when legal issues are involved. Valid tools are needed to assess emergency department (ED) nurses' performance of forensic nursing role behaviors and their corresponding perceptions. We aimed to translate and culturally adapt the original English version of the "Emergency Department Forensic Nursing Survey" (EDFNS) into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among ED nurses. This methodological study was conducted in 2022. The EDFNS was translated into Persian. Face and content validity, along with construct validity (exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses) and reliability (internal consistency/test-retest reliability), were assessed. The EDFNS-P (EDFNS-Persian) items were appropriate, clear, and relevant in face validity assessment. Content validity was satisfactory for all items (content validity ratio = 0.66/content validity index = 0.92). In total, 274 nurses completed the questionnaires. The EDFNS-P consisted of five factors, namely, identifying forensic cases, acting as a forensic nurse specialist, assisting with legal investigations, providing holistic supportive care, and protecting forensic evidence, explaining 56.49% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis assessment showed a good model fit. The EDFNS-P demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and stability (α = 0.902/intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.938). The concept of forensic nursing role behaviors within Iranian EDs is multidimensional. The EDFNS-P is a 37-item reliable and valid scale. It can help identify areas requiring improvement, promote better collaboration among healthcare professionals, and increase recognition of the specialty. Future studies examining the factor structure in different contexts are suggested to validate the findings. Further research is needed to assess the Persian version of the EDFNS in countries where forensic nursing roles are increasingly emerging.

Quality of life measures for people following stroke: a structured content review.

Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are used widely to collect patient perspectives on their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after stroke. Existing reviews on PROMs typically report the psychometric properties but rarely focus on the content validity. We performed a structured review of the content of items of stroke-specific HRQoL outcomes. We searched four databases using a combination of terms (Stroke, HRQoL, PROMs) to choose the three most frequently used stroke-specific HRQoL-related PROMs. Two raters independently linked the items of the Stroke Impact Scale, Stroke Specific Quality of Life and the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and Item Perspective Classification (IPC). We compared the ICF codes to the ICF Core Sets for Stroke and calculated ICF linkage indicators. More than 75% of the content for all three PROMs is represented in the Comprehensive Stroke Core Set, indicating the universality and validity of the content of these PROMs. All three PROMs represent the content of the ICF Core Sets for Stroke to a similar extent. Most items use an Intensity response option and have a Descriptive perspective. On the IPC framework, most items have a Rational appraisal type and represent the Biological domain. Clinicians and researchers should use patient goals as a reference to choose the appropriate PROM. A deeper understanding of the content of PROMs can help clinicians and researchers make informed decisions on which HRQoL outcomes to use among people following stroke.

Content Validation of the QOL-B-RD and PROMIS-F SF-7a to Measure Respiratory and Fatigue Symptoms of MAC Lung Disease.

The Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis (QOL-B) questionnaire and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Short Form v1.0-Fatigue7a (PROMIS-F SF-7a) have the potential to measure respiratory and fatigue symptoms, respectively, in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease but have not yet been evaluated for content validity in this population. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in United States patients with a current MAC lung disease diagnosis. Concept elicitation (CE) interviews were conducted (n=25 participants) to identify key respiratory and fatigue symptoms expressed as important and relevant to patients with MAC lung disease and to evaluate the appropriateness of the QOL-B and PROMIS-F SF-7a to measure these symptoms. Cognitive interviews (CIs) were subsequently conducted (n=20 participants) to evaluate the relevance, comprehensibility, and appropriateness of the QOL-B respiratory domain (QOL-B-RD) and PROMIS-F SF-7a. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for qualitative content analysis. The most important or relevant respiratory symptom concepts to CE interview participants were "cough," "shortness of breath during activity," and "mucus/phlegm." The most important or relevant fatigue symptom concepts were "tiredness," "lack of energy," and "tire easily/low stamina." These symptoms are covered by existing items in the QOL-B-RD and PROMIS-F SF-7a. Cognitive interview participants' feedback confirmed the item content, response options, concept attributes, and recall period for each instrument were effective, relevant, and meaningful to most patients with MAC lung disease. Based on Wave 1 findings, the QOL-B instructions were revised for the Wave 2 interviews, where the text referencing "bronchiectasis" was replaced with "your lung condition." Participant feedback in Wave 2 confirmed the revised instruction wording was easily understood and appropriate. The study results support the content validity of the QOL-B-RD and PROMIS-F SF-7a, which were shown to be relevant and appropriate to evaluate respiratory and fatigue symptoms, respectively, in patients with MAC lung disease.

Validation of a Questionnaire on COVID-19 Knowledge and Attitude for Dental Patients

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire in both English and Persian to assess dental patients' knowledge and attitude during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: Through a comprehensive literature review, we designed the primary questionnaire in English and then translated it into Persian. The questionnaire consisted of six sections covering background information, knowledge of emergency dental treatments, transmission routes of disease, required preparation, source of information, and attitude. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the researchers obtained expert opinions using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave). They distributed online versions of the questionnaire to a total of 60 English-speaking adults in Nigeria and the United States, and 60 Persian-speaking adults in Iran to measure its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Results: I-CVI score, S-CVI/Ave, and Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire ranged from 0.29-1, 0.62-0.99, and 41.1-87.6%, respectively. After reviewing the scores and comments received on each item, taking into account the opinions of the research team, a decision was made to remove, merge, modify, or retain certain items. This led to a final version of the questionnaire consisting of nine questions in the background section and 46 items in the remaining five sections. Conclusion: Overall, the developed questionnaire appears to be valid and reliable for assessing the knowledge and attitude of dental patients toward COVID-19 in dental settings. It can potentially serve as an appropriate scale in future infectious disease epidemics across diverse populations.

Development, Content Validity, and Reliability of the Physical Therapy Social Determinants of Health Scale.

This study describes the development, content validity, and reliability of the Physical Therapy Social Determinants of Health Scale (PT-SDHS), in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. Addressing inequities stemming from the social determinants of health (SDOH) is critical for providing effective clinical care and improving population health. Currently, no tool exists to assess DPT students' education or competence with SDOH. Recruited domain experts were licensed health professionals, had a peer-reviewed publication on SDOH, and had at least 3 years of experience with SDOH. A convenience sample of DPT students was also recruited from multiple cohorts at 2 universities in multiple geographic locations. The Association for Medical Education in Europe best practices for developing questionnaires for educational research guided development of the PT-SDHS. Eight experts established content validity through item- and scale-content validity index measures and modified Kappa statistics. Qualitative data determined clarity and comprehensiveness. Construct validity and scale reliability were determined using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. The PT-SDHS showed high item content validity (range: 0.86-1) and scale content validity (S-CVI/UA = 0.83; S-CVI/Ave = 0.98). After expert validation, the PT-SDHS consisted of 30 items with 5 ordinal answer choices. Factor analysis of 254 DPT student responses revealed 4 content domains with a factor loading greater than 0.4. Two items did not load onto any of the factors, and 2 items werecross-loaded onto multiple factors, so they were removed, leaving a scale of 26 items. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.74 (satisfactory) to 0.96 (excellent) across the 4 factors. The PT-SDHS is the first psychometrically valid and reliable instrument related to educating DPT students on 4 SDOH domains: Knowledge, Attitudes, Personal Barriers, and Beliefs About Others. This tool could aid development and assessment of SDOH educational interventions for health care students.

The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES-I).

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is increasing in Indonesia. The patient's quality of life will decrease due to this condition. Diabetes self-management is a viable tactic for improving quality of life and reducing blood sugar levels. A key element of diabetes self-management education for nurses and health professionals is self-efficacy. However, a valid and reliable scale to assess self-efficacy in Indonesia is necessary. 'The Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES)' is translated into Indonesian for the psychometric assessment of diabetes patients there. DMSES was translated into the Indonesian version (DMSES-I) using the forward-backward translation method. In addition, 227 adult patients with type 2 diabetes completed the scale which underwent internal consistency, construct validity and content validity tests. The item content validity and scale validity were 0.955 and 0.955, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis showed a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.922 and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.928. The confirmatory factor analysis results were chi-square = 76.610, probability = 0.009 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.049. To assess diabetes self-efficacy in Indonesia, the DMSES-I is a valid and reliable tool. To educate diabetes self-management effectively, nurses must assess their patients' diabetes self-efficacy.

Developing and validating Questionnaire for Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the caretakers for Risk factors in Otitis media (RFOMQ-24) in children.

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for analyzing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) about risk factors in otitis media (OM) in children among their caretakers. The questionnaire was developed following a standardized protocol that consisted of a literature search, peer review, item generation, and expert validation, for construct, content and face validity of items in the questionnaire followed by a cross-sectional survey on 100 caretakers, this was followed by the reliability test of the items in Questionnaire. A KAP questionnaire with 24 items categorized under three domains knowledge, attitude, and practices was developed. The KAP sections have 12, 5, and 7 items, respectively. The Content validity ratio (CVR) of our questionnaire was 0.>0.49, Item -Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was 0.78, Scale content Validity Index average (SCVI a) was 0.9. indicating that all items of the questionnaire could be retained. The Independent Cronbach's α for KAP domains were 0.658, 0.731, and 0.522, respectively, and for the total questionnaire was 0 0.730, indicating good internal consistency. The developed questionnaire will help achieve a better understanding of the caretakers' KAP about risk factors in otitis media in children. This RFOMQ-24 has satisfactory validity and good internal consistency.

Women’s Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the "Women's Views of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire (WVBLSQ)", a tool designed to gauge postpartum women's contentment with the birthing experience. Material and Method: In this methodological study, 320 healthy women who gave birth spontaneously vaginally in the postnatal unit of a state hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye participated. The study data were collected between April 2023 and April 2024. The WVBLSQ and the participant introduction form were utilized to gather data. The study's methods included language and content validity, item analysis, test-retest reliability, and exploratory internal consistency coefficients. Results: The women's average age was 27.09±5.76 years. After the fifth and sixth sub-dimensions were removed from the 26-item version of the scale, Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.77 when the reliability of the scale and its seven sub-dimensions were evaluated separately. The sub-dimensions in the scale are ‘Professional support in labour, home assessment at the beginning of labour, expectation of labour, spouse/partner support during labour, control, environment during labour and pain relief’. For each of the scale's sub-dimensions, the Cronbach's α value ranged from 0.26 to 0.75. The results of the test-retest used to assess the scale's temporal invariance revealed that there was a highly significant correlation between the measures. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the scale proved to be suitable for assessing labor satisfaction in women who had normal spontaneous labor.

Validity and reliability of the TechPH scale in assessing Iranian older adults’ attitudes toward technology

Background and aimGiven the rapid technological advancements and increased usage of digital tools, understanding older people's attitudes toward technology is vital. Assessing their views can help identify barriers and facilitators to adoption. This understanding is essential for developing effective educational strategies and user-friendly technologies that enhance seniors' quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the scale for measuring attitudes—both willingness and anxiety—toward technology (TechPH) in Iranian older adults.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted on 420 older individuals (aged 60 and above) in Tehran in 2024 to perform a psychometric test of the attitudes toward technology scale (TechPH). Validation was carried out using translation validity methods, including translation-back translation with bilingual experts (n = 2), face validity with a sample of the older population (n = 10), content validity with a panel of 11 experts, and construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (n = 420). Instrument reliability was determined through test–retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) methods with a sample of older individuals (n = 30). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and EQS 6.4 software.ResultsA comparison of Persian and English translations revealed acceptable translation validity and cultural adaptability for the scale. Each item's Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were determined, with a total average CVI of 0.95. The results of EFA indicated that the sample size was adequate, as shown by the KMO value of 0.754. Additionally, Bartlett's sphericity test demonstrated a significant correlation between the items (χ2 = 221.819, df = 15, P < 0.0001). EFA revealed that two extracted factors explained 41.002% and 18.111% of the total variance. Furthermore, CFA yielded suitable estimates based on the general fit indices of the model (RMSEA = 0.061, IFI = 0.979, GFI = 0.983, CFI = 0.978, CMIN/DF = 1.769, MFI = 0.989, AGFI = 0.942). In evaluating test–retest stability and internal consistency, the values of the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α were 0.85 and 0.77, respectively, indicating appropriate reliability for the scale.ConclusionP.TechPH, the first Persian version of the scale for measuring technophilia and technophobia among Iranian older people, has favorable psychometric properties. It can serve as a standard tool for assessing older people’s attitudes toward technology in various studies.

Development and Evaluation of a Care Needs Scale for Parents of Children With Tourette Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in school-age children. Although TS is not life-threatening, the tics and comorbidities can impact a child's physical and mental health, as well as interpersonal interactions. Understanding the care needs of parents of children with TS is essential for providing healthcare services that effectively support these children. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the care needs scale for parents of children with TS (CNS-PCTS) in Taiwan. METHODS: This study used a methodological design. The scale was developed by preliminarily identifying relevant items and dimensions through a systematic review of the literature. A pilot test with 30 participants and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) confirmed the subscales and items pertaining to the care needs of the parents. Data analysis included content validity, item analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and EFA. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was adopted to assess the discriminant validity of the CNS-PCTS. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-six parents of children with TS completed the scale. The scale-level content validity index was 0.92. The EFA revealed that the CNS-PCTS consisted of 13 items, with the factor loadings ranging from 0.656 to 0.83, and covered 3 factors: getting information about TS, assisting children in social engagement, and obtaining parenting support. The discriminant validity showed a positive correlation between the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the CNS-PCTS. Cronbach's α coefficients of the subscales ranged from 0.89 to 0.94, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94. CONCLUSION: The CNS-PCTS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. It helps health professionals understand parents' care needs and assess the effectiveness of interventions. Confirmatory factor analysis can be performed in future studies to provide more rigorous validity.

Exposure and probable ingestion of fluoride through non-dietary edible items from Panipat (NCR), India.

The present study revealed that various non-dietary items like pan masala, chewing tobacco, betel nuts, and toothpaste may contribute to the fluoride burden of the human body. In this line, an attempt was made to analyze the fluoride content of non-dietary items collected from Panipat City of Haryana. The study depicts that intake of pan masala, chewing tobacco, betel nuts, and toothpaste expose the consumers to 21.0 to 56.80, 18.00 to 36.20, 7.45 to 77.40, and 21.10 to 1118.20µg fluoride/g respectively. The demand for these non-essential edible items is increasing daily, and people are unaware of the detrimental health effects of these products. The people of the study area are advised to prohibit these products as they contain an appreciable amount of fluoride.

A Literature Review of Nutrition Knowledge Measurement Items Used in Persons Living with Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders.

To identify and describe diet and nutrition knowledge measurement tools/items used among adults with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D). Conducted a literature search for publications measuring diet/nutrition knowledge using items or tools in persons with SCI/D. Eligible articles were published in 1992-2022, in English, and assessed SCI/D participants' nutrition knowledge. Articles were reviewed for study design, questionnaire validation, sample characteristics, item content, and whether nutrition knowledge was general or SCI/D-specific. Of 48 articles examined, five were included in the review. None of the nutrition knowledge questionnaires were validated in persons with SCI/D. Only one study assessed nutrition knowledge in nonathletes with chronic SCI/D, and this study excluded individuals with tetraplegia. The other studies either solely recruited athletes (n = 2; one included participants with amputation) or individuals with acute SCI/D (n = 2). Common item topics included calories/energy, sources of micronutrients and macronutrients and their effects on the body, and nutrition literacy. One questionnaire included non-SCI/D-specific nutrition items for persons with disabilities. Only one (unvalidated) questionnaire contained SCI-specific nutrition knowledge items, which only assessed whether more energy, fiber, and water are needed following acute SCI/D. Studies that assess nutrition knowledge among persons with SCI/D are rare and are typically observational or cross-sectional, with limited information on important SCI/D subgroups. Items relevant to unique needs of persons with SCI/D are sparse. A validated questionnaire that measures knowledge of SCI-specific nutrition, that is relevant to this population, and that can be parceled out by subgroup is needed.

Social media data for content creation in location-based games

ABSTRACT Content in location-based games (LBGs) fundamentally depends on the location, and its global coverage is challenging. Typical content creation approaches involve crowdsourcing, but recent research has also considered Web crawling and OpenStreetMap data as potential resources. A real-world location is a fundamental element in LBGs content. Media items such as images, short video clips, names, geocaches, and riddles can also be attached to the locations for games supporting sightseeing tours and treasure-hunts. In this paper, we evaluate the usability of social media data for content creation purpose in LBGs. We focus on three content items: location, image, and name. For this purpose, we retrieve geotagged images from services such as Flickr, Foursquare, Yelp, and Google Places from 2019 to 2022. Our experiments with six regions show that the Flickr images are representative of place with higher probability (32%) and location accuracy (96%), but relevant name extraction relied on the external method. Foursquare and Yelp images always have the correct location (100%), and the name is usually relevant (100%), but the image is rarely representative (22%, 4%). Google Places, despite providing large volumes of data and a variety of establishments, only 5% of representative images were found; however, location accuracy (75%) and relevant names (100%) are reasonable measures.

Developing Risk Assessment Items of Treatment Interruption Among Vietnamese Patients with Tuberculosis in Japanese DOTS-A Quantitative and Qualitative Survey Using the Delphi Method.

The number of foreign-born patients with tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing in Japan, and the number of Vietnamese patients was the highest in 2019. Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). As the prevalence of TB varies widely globally, measures must be tailored to local characteristics. The Directly Observed Treatment (DOTS) short-course was introduced by the World Health Organization as a global strategy to overcome these challenges. The purpose of this study is to develop an original risk assessment for treatment interruption for Vietnamese patients with TB to be used in Directly Observed Treatment (DOTS), a tuberculosis control measure. The researchers adopted the Delphi method. Public health nurses of mid-career or above (n = 15) who had conducted DOTS for several Vietnamese patients with TB were selected and surveyed about the content and surface validities of the draft risk assessment items for treatment interruption. The survey was conducted three times. The quantification of content validity and the review and modification of responses regarding each item were analyzed by the researchers. The results identified the following risk categories: "physical characteristics", "background of life during residence", "treatment environment", "understanding tuberculosis and disease acceptance", and "cultural and value trends". The results suggest the need to provide support for tuberculosis recovery from various perspectives, including the living environment of Vietnamese patients with TB, their social environment in Japan, and the culture and values of their country of birth and upbringing.

Development of an Exploratory Dementia Family Caregiver Pain Assessment Survey.

To develop an exploratory survey measuring family caregiver use of elements of pain assessment in people living with dementia (PLWD). A survey development process was conducted: Phase 1 (item development), Phase 2 (content validity), and Phase 3 (face validity). A set of survey questions was developed, and their wording modified after review by experts in survey question writing. Content experts rated the exploratory questions as having item content validity indices (I-CVI) from 0.25 to 1. Questions were further tested with a sample of family caregivers (N = 10) who supported face validity and content validity for questions with a low I-CVI. The final survey has eight quantitative and two free-text questions. This survey can be used for exploratory purposes to describe pain assessment by family caregivers of PLWD; however, further validation is needed for uses beyond exploratory work. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17(6), 308-316.].