Content Of Various Forms Research Articles

Analysis of heavy metals in sediments with different particle sizes and influencing factors in a mining area in Hunan Province

Heavy metals mainly exist on the surface of sediment particles and are transported using particulate matter as carriers. Therefore, the particle size of sediment particles can affect the adsorption, release, and migration of heavy metals. This study aim to investigate the distribution characteristics and chemical fraction of Cd, Pb, and As contents in sediments of different particle sizes using the BCR method, and to determine the key factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals through mineralogical methods such as XRD and EDS. The results revealed that the overall content of various forms of heavy metals increases with the decrease of particle size, mainly presents in fine particles. The mineralogical analysis results indicated that fine particles predominantly contained clay minerals such as chlorite and illite and coarse particles mainly include primary minerals. Due to the mining areas in the middle-upstream, Cd, Pb and As were primarily associated with galena, sphalerite and pyrite, respectively. The distribution of heavy metals is jointly influenced by sediment particle size and sediment material composition.

Effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil phosphorus fractions in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production in China.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers change the morphological structure and effectiveness of P in the soil, which in turn affects crop growth, yield, and quality. However, the effects and mechanism of combined N and P application on the content of P fractions and the transformation of effective forms in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production is unclear. This experiment was conducted with four levels of N: 0 (N0), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 kg·ha-1 (N3); and two levels of P (P2O5): 0 (P0) and 100 kg·ha-1 (P1). The results indicated that, under the same N level, P application significantly increased soil total N, and total P, available P, and content of various forms of inorganic P when compared to no P application, while decreasing the content of various forms of organic P and pH value. In general, under P0 conditions, soil total N content tended to increase with increasing N application, while total P, available P content, pH, inorganic P content in all forms, and organic P content in all forms showed a decreasing trend. When compared to no N application, insoluble P (Fe-P, O-P, Ca10-P) of the N application treatments was reduced 2.80 - 22.72, 2.96 - 20.42, and 5.54 - 20.11%, respectively. Under P1 conditions, soil total N and O-P tended to increase with increasing N application, while, pH, Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca10-P, and organic P content of each form tended to decrease. Total P, available P, and labile organic P (LOP) of N application reduced 0.34 - 8.58, 4.76 - 19.38, and 6.27 - 14.93%, respectively, when compared to no application. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the soil Ca2-P ratio, while P fertilization reduced soil Fe-P, moderately resistant organic P (MROP), and highly resistant P (HROP) ratios, and combined N and P elevated the Ca8-P to LOP ratio. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil total N content, available P content, and pH were the key factors affecting the conversion of P fractions in the soil. Nitrogen and P reduced the proportion of soil insoluble P, promoted the activation of soil organic P, resulting in accumulation of slow-acting P in the soil, thereby improving the efficiency of soil P in alfalfa production.

Assessment of the influence of mineral fertilisers on the phosphate regime of meadow chernozem carbonate soil and yield of sunflower and winter wheat

The relevance of the study lies in the need to maintain optimal levels of mobile phosphorus in carbonate soils to support healthy plant growth and development, as it can be converted into less mobile forms in such soils. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of various long-term fertilisation strategies on the content of various forms of phosphorus in the soil to improve this availability. The research was conducted in 2019-2022 as a stationary experiment in a separate division of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Agronomic Experimental Station” in Kyiv Oblast on meadow chernozem carbonate low-humus coarse-sawn light loamy soil in a five-field crop rotation, where the influence of different levels of fertiliser saturation (no fertiliser, minimum, average, and optimal) on soil phosphate status and yield of Etana winter wheat variety and Sumiko sunflower hybrid was investigated. Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers, and the group and fractional composition of phosphates was determined using the Chang-Jackson method and the content of mobile phosphates using the Chirikov and Machigin methods. According to the analysis of the group and fractional composition of soil phosphates, it was found that in meadow chernozem carbonate low-humus coarse-sawn light loamy soil, the content of iron phosphates prevails among all fractions during long-term fertilisation. The results showed an increase in the content of aluminium phosphates in the 0-20 cm surface layer of the soil of two variants with long-term fertilisation, and an increase in the content of the second fraction of soluble calcium phosphates (Ca-PII), with the minimum saturation (N27P18K20) with the highest available phosphate fraction for plants (Ca-PI) is observed. The content of mobile phosphates was maximal at optimal fertiliser saturation (N81P54K62) and was 4.8 and 8.5 mg/100 g of soil, the aftereffect of organic fertilisers positively affected the accumulation of mobile phosphates in the soil. The highest yield of winter wheat (7.55 t/ha) and sunflower (4.28 t/ha) was obtained with optimal fertiliser saturation, the lowest – without the use of fertilisers, where it was 4.45 t/ha for winter wheat and 2.23 t/ha for sunflower. The results of the study can be used to develop more sustainable and effective strategies for using phosphorus in soils, which can help preserve soil resources and prevent possible contamination of water sources due to excessive phosphorus intake

Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide in the 13# Coal Seam of Shaping Coal Mine.

In order to accurately predict the law of occurrence and migration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the underground and effectively solve the problem of excessive concentration of H2S gas, laboratory experiments on the content of various forms of sulfur in coal, sulfur isotopes, thermal evolution history, and coal seam water samples were carried out by applying the theories of coal mine geology, microbiology, and analytical chemistry, and based on the experimental results, the cause of H2S gas was explored. Through the analysis of the geological conditions of the coal seam mined, it can be seen that the coal mine experienced the alternation of marine and continental phases in the process of coal formation and that there was no magma intrusion. The experimental results showed that iron sulfide in coal accounts for 73.25% of the total sulfur, indicating that the coal seam was rich in pyrite. The results of the isotope test showed that the sulfur isotopes in coal samples were all negative, indicating that the sulfur isotope fractionation in coal was large, the loss was serious, and the coal seam was greatly affected by seawater. According to the experimental results of vitrinite reflectance, it can be concluded that the highest temperature during the thermal evolution of the coal seam is 108.12 °C, which has not reached the temperature condition of sulfate thermochemical reduction. Comparing the concentration of acid ions in coal seam water and tap water, it was found that the concentration of SO42- in coal seam water is low, while the concentration of HCO3- is high. According to the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the H2S gas in the high-sulfur coal mine was caused by microbial sulfate reduction. Finally, the transformation path of sulfur in the coal seam was deduced and analyzed. The results showed that sulfur in coal is positively correlated with H2S gas concentration.

Peripheral Blood Cells Composition of the Baikal Seal

The cellular composition of the peripheral blood of the Baikal seal Phoca sibirica (Gmelin, 1788) has been studied. In blood smears, various cells were found: large and small lymphocytes, monocytes, neutro-, eosino- and basophils. Analysis of the leukogram showed the predominance of neutrophils and lymphocytes among white blood cells. The proportion of the content of various forms of leukocytes corresponded to similar data of marine representatives of true seals (Phocidae).

Агроэкологическое обоснование приемов возделывания озимой пшеницы на серых лесных почвах Центрального Черноземья

Studies of gray forest soils used for cultivation in the grain-tillage crop rotation in the Kursk region are presented. Based on the research results, a conclusion is made about the problems of gas exchange in gray forest soil in the study region. The quality of agriculture in the conditions of the research site meets the standards and the indicators of the content of various forms of nitrogen are within the normal range for the formation of a high-quality winter wheat crop. Keywords: GRAY FOREST SOIL, WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL NUTRITION, FUNGICIDE, HERBICIDE, SOIL NITRATES

Nonpoint Source Pollution in Plot-Scale and Small Watershed Studies under Natural Rainfall: An Analysis of the China Experience

Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is still the main factor that affects the quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Starting from the study of the mechanism of NPS, taking the Yangliu small watershed in the Shaanxi section of the Hanjiang River Basin in China as an example, and based on the combination of measured data and models, this paper focused on the analysis of the characteristics of NPS between the runoff plot and small watershed. The results showed that with the rainfall and surface runoff, the nutrient concentration increased first and then decreased, and the highest occurred in the first half of the whole rainfall process. Rainfall, maximum rainfall intensity at 60 min (I60), runoff, and suspended sediment (SS) were all related to nutrient diversion loss. However, the correlation among rainfall, I60, and runoff and the content of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher than that of SS. Crop interplanting and terrace planting could play a significant role in reducing sediment and nutrient loss. For the analysis of NPS pollution in small watersheds, the time-variant gain model (TVGM) was used to simulate the missing flow in some months of the basin during the flood season. The average concentration method was used to calculate the NPS pollution load in flood season. It was found that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) accounted for more than 92% and 69%, respectively. This study is expected to provide scientific basis for NPS pollution control in areas both regionally and worldwide.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORTMS TO IDENTIFY EXTREMIST TEXTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article explores various models and methods employed in classifying text content with the aim of identifying destructive information within social networks. The study focuses on utilizing machine learning techniques, such as support vector machines, naive Bayes classifiers, random tree methods, decision tree, k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, logistic regression, gradient boosting to identify extremist texts. The research findings showcase the effectiveness of these methodologies in the identification process. The article also offers an overview of existing research, methodologies, and software products in the analysis of extremist texts, emphasizing the importance of case-based learning, deductive learning models, and automated data collection and analysis. Additionally, the article provides an overview of existing research, methods, and software products within the field of analyzing extremist texts. It highlights the significance of case-based learning and the use of deductive learning models, as well as automated data collection and analysis techniques. These approaches contribute to the overall understanding and detection of extremist content. The article further discusses the relevance and future prospects of the presented research. It emphasizes the need to expand the corpus of documents studied, enabling a more comprehensive analysis of texts, including those in photo, audio, and video formats. The development of complex models for recognizing hidden extremist propaganda is also identified as a key direction for future work. By addressing these areas of focus, the research presented in the article aims to advance the field of identifying and combating extremist content within social networks. The incorporation of advanced techniques and technologies is crucial to effectively detect and address the presence of such content in various forms and formats.

Structural Hierarchy of PA6 Macromolecules after Hydrostatic Extrusion.

This article presents the influence of severe plastic deformation by hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the thermal and structural properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). During the hydrostatic extrusion process, a fibrous structure oriented along the extrusion direction is formed, which was visualized during microscopic observations. The degree of crystallinity was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Wide-angle X-ray scattering diffraction (WAXS) analysis was used to partially characterize the PA6 structure after the HE process. The contents of various forms of the crystalline phase in PA6 samples before and after the HE process were analyzed in fragments of spectroscopy in infrared (FTIR). The favorable properties of PA6 after the HE process were obtained after deformation under conditions generating an adiabatic temperature higher than the glass transition temperature and lower than the temperature of the onset of melting of the crystalline phase. Thermal analysis using DSC allowed us to conclude that in the PA6 after the HE process generating deformations in the range of 0.68-1.56, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases in PA6. As the deformation increases in the HE process, the crystalline phase proportion increases by 12% compared to the initial material (before HE). The glass transition temperature of PA6 is ca. 50.6 °C, reduced for the sample after the HE process at a small deformation of 0.68 (PA6_0.68) to ca. 44.2 °C. For other samples, Tg is ca. 53.2-53.5 °C. As a result of the analysis of WAXS diffractograms of PA6 samples after various deformations in the HE process, the presence of typical peaks of phases α1 and α2 and γ was observed. The results of the FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirm these observations that as the deformation increases, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases.

INTERACTION OF EXOGENOUS NANOPHASES OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE WITH TIN IN NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS

The processes of interaction of exogenous nanoparticles of refractory compounds ZrO2 with model nickel-base superalloys, containing tin, were studied. It was shown that, under laboratory conditions, the degree of tin removal in the metal after the introduction of ZrO2 nanoparticles depended on the time of isothermal holding and amounted to 11–18 rel.%. The content of various forms of zirconium after the experiments was determined and it was shown that the amount of ZrO2 removed from the metal to the interface of the phases Me-(refractory, slag, gas) was on average 50 rel.%.

Application of drying acceleration to study the forms of moisture bond in currant fruits

The article discusses issues related to the study of the forms of connection of moisture removed during the drying process in black currant fruits. A study was carried out to determine the quantitative moisture content of various forms of communication by two methods and a comparative analysis was carried out. It is shown that the existing methods for studying the forms of moisture-material bonding have significant drawbacks and generally give a qualitative assessment of the state of moisture in the material or are very laborious and require long-term laboratory studies. The efficiency of the approach to determining the forms of moisture connection in black currant fruits is shown on the basis of graphical-analytical analysis of the drying kinetics, which allows qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the state of moisture in the fruits. With the help of a graphical editor, the curves of the drying kinetics of black currant fruits were processed and the dependences of the quantity called "drying acceleration" characterizing the rapidity of the change in the drying rate of currant fruits on the moisture content of the product were obtained. The analysis of the obtained curves is carried out, indicating the presence of extrema and points of inflection to the corresponding critical moisture content, as well as the presence of areas with a slowdown or acceleration of the drying rate change, allowing to establish the intervals of moisture removal with different binding energies. The approach under consideration makes it possible to give a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the physical state of moisture not only in currant fruits, but also in other food products, as well as reduce the time for analysis and improve the accuracy of the results.

Changing the Phosphate Regime of Soils in the Middle Taiga When Using Biochar

The influence of wood biochar on the content of various forms of phosphates was studied in laboratory experiments on soils with different phosphorus availability. Soils of the middle taiga subzone of Karelia were used in this work: a sandy Umbric Podzol and a heavy loamy Umbric Retisol. The tests studied the effect of two fractions of biochar (3–5 and ≤2 mm) in an amount of 2% and 5% of soil mass on pHKCl, the content of available and total phosphorus, the inorganic phosphorus fractions (Chang-Jackson method), and the total phosphatase activity of soils, as well as the effect of separate and combined application of biochar and fertilizer (NPK) on the content of available phosphorus in a pot experiment with spring barley. The research revealed that biochar significantly increased the content of available phosphorus by 20–40%, increased the content of the fraction of Ca-bounded P, Al-bounded P and loosely-bounded P, and also increased the phosphatase activity in the Umbric Podzol. In pot experiment was noted a higher content of P2O5 in variants with biochar ≤2 mm, in variants with fertilizer, and a significant mutual influence factors of biochar and fertilizer. Biochar increased the content of available phosphorus by 2–6%, increased the content of Ca-bounded P and loosely-bounded P (with biochar ≤2 mm at 5% dosage), and had no significant effect on the phosphatase activity in the Umbric Retisol. Only combination of biochar ≤2 mm and fertilizer had a significant effect in pot experiment with Umbric Retisol. In general, the most noticeable effect on almost all studied indicators was provided by ≤2 mm fraction of biochar in a 5% dosage. The use of biochar led to statistically significant increase in pHKCl values, and did not affect the content of total phosphorus in both soils. Biochar had a greater effect on the phosphate regime of coarse-textured soil with an initially lower pH and a less content of available and total phosphorus.

Physiological, Psychosocial and Substance Abuse Effects of Pornography Addiction: A Narrative Review.

Internet pornography provides explicit content in various forms and can progress from habit to addiction. The consumption of online porn has risen due to the general use of current technology. The main reasons people consume it are sexual arousal and sexual enhancement. We planned this review study to identify the reasons for online pornography utilization, the mechanisms involved in its addiction, and its physiological, emotional, behavioral, social, and substance abuse effects. After a detailed literature search using PubMed Central and Google Scholar, four case studies and nine original articles from 2000 to 2022 were included. The main findings of the literature demonstrated that watching porn was most frequently done out of boredom, for sexual gratification, and to pick up new fashion and behavior ideas from these movies. In all facets of the users' lives, negative consequences were seen. Due to the explosion of new technologies, online pornography has risen to an alarming level, which has very injurious effects on societies and individuals. Therefore, it is high time to get rid of this addiction to protect our lives from its harmful effects.

FEATURES OF THE ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN SOILS

The article describes the biological and toxic role of Phosphorus and considers the causes of Phosphorus deficiency in soils in the territory of Ukraine. It has been established that for the functioning of living organisms, in particular plants, the lack of Phosphorus significantly affects the processes of growth, metabolism and photosynthesis, etc. The toxic effect of Phosphorus is manifested in the accumulation of agricultural products. The excess of Phosphorus has a negative effect on the consumers of these products and can manifest itself both in the form of food poisoning and in the form of serious diseases. The main forms of existence of Phosphorus compounds in soils (mobile form, immobile and fixed forms), their composition and the relationship between them, the availability of each of the forms for absorption and use by plants, soil characteristics that affect the mobility of Phosphorus compounds are considered. The existing methods and methods of analysis of the content of various forms of phosphorus compounds in soils are summarized. In general, the following methods of analysis are usually used to determine Phosphorus: photometric, titrimetric, and atomic absorption. The methods presented by us (Kirsanov’s method, Machigin’s method, and Chirikov’s method) have certain differences, but they are all based on the photo-colorimetric method. To determine the gross phosphorus content, a modified method according to Ginzburg, Shcheglova, and Wulfius is used. When choosing a method and method of analysis, the main factor is the provision of the laboratory with the necessary materials and reagents and access to devices. The dependence of the choice of the method of analysis of phosphorus content on the parameters of the soil under study was established. The authors concluded that during the analysis of phosphorus content in soils, the choice of methodology should be based on the type of soil under investigation. Mobile compounds of Phosphorus are prioritized for analysis, as they are the most used by plants.

Cross-Cultural Information for Japanese Nurses at an International Hospital: A Controlled Before-After Intervention Study.

This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of providing health information through an ordinary travel guidebook combined with a short digital video compared with an ordinary travel guidebook alone by measuring the anxiety levels of Japanese nurses dealing with foreign patients. We conducted a controlled before–after intervention study in 2016 at a major international hospital in Japan. We created two interventions: (1) a brief piece of health information from a travel guidebook for Japan, (2) the same travel guidebook, and a four-minute digital video in English on health information in Japan, titled Mari Info Japan for nurses. After each intervention, we assessed the nurses’ levels of anxiety about caring for foreign patients. We evaluated the results through statistical testing and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. Of 111 nurses, 83 (74.8%) completed both interventions and the questionnaires. The second intervention (the guidebook and video) proved more effective than the first (the guidebook) for reducing anxiety related to caring for foreign patients. Japanese nurses can lower their anxiety about dealing with foreign patients by learning about the content of various forms of health care information currently accessible to overseas visitors. Using both guidebooks and digital videos can help to reduce nurses’ anxiety.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE URBAN AESTHETICS CONCEPTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN URBAN PRIORITIES

The article deals with the analysis of changes in perceptions of the aesthetics of the modern city, arising from the EU urban planning documents.
 A number of development direction have been identified where the transformation of urban planning priorities and environmental value categories is taking place. Three conceptual blocks have been outlined, which are used by Western urban planning opinion, and each of them contains valorization categories for assessing the aesthetic quality of the urban environment.
 Three conceptual blocks of urban strategy have been identified, which can be conditionally called social, environmental and self-sufficient. The first is related to "cohesion policy". The main goal is to construct a type of relationship that would minimize the potential for conflict among different groups. In the context of valorization categories of urban aesthetics, it should be noted the deterioration of the associative content of various forms of visual separation; partial loss of attractiveness by dominance markers. As well as the added value of open spaces and places of common presence. The environmental block will lead to a positive rethinking of agricultural motives and fragments of wildlife, innovative man-made ways of nature landscaping. The self-sufficient conceptual block valorizes combines bionic and antropotrophic compositional plots.
 It has been outlined a principles of the corresponding aesthetic model with the revival of spontaneity and departure from geometric determinism are new categories of aesthetic value. Also returning the urban landscape to the synergy between the aspect of identity, which implies inclusive diversity and the aspect of the environment, which leads to the biosphere creation of space with the involvement of elements of nature both directly and in the form of architectural interpretations.

Shallow Groundwater Around Plateau Lakes: Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nitrogen and Its Driving Factors

Shallow groundwater around plateau lakes is one of the important sources of production and potable water. Shallow groundwater NO3--N pollution driven by factors such as surface nitrogen input load, rainfall, and irrigation is serious and threatens the water quality of plateau lakes. In order to identify the characteristics of nitrogen pollution and its driving factors in shallow groundwater, 463 shallow groundwater samples were collected from wells in farmland and residential areas around eight plateau lakes of Yunnan in the rainy and dry seasons in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the average values of ρ(TN), ρ(NO3--N), ρ(ON), and ρ(NH4+-N) in shallow groundwater were 24.35, 15.15, 8.41, and 0.79 mg·L-1, respectively. Nearly 32% of the shallow groundwater samples around the eight lakes failed to meet the groundwater Class Ⅲ water quality requirements (GB/T 14848) of 20 mg·L-1 for NO3--N. Among them, the NO3--N concentration in the shallow groundwater around Erhai Lake, Qiluhu Lake, and Dianchi Lake had the highest rate of exceeding the standard, followed by that around Xingyunhu Lake, Yangzonghai Lake, Yilonghu Lake, Fuxianhu Lake, and Chenghai Lake as the smallest. Land use and seasonal changes affected the concentration and composition of various forms of nitrogen in shallow groundwater. The concentration of various forms of nitrogen in shallow groundwater in the farmland area was higher than that in the residential area. The nitrogen concentration in shallow groundwater in farmland was higher than that in residential areas. Except for NH4+-N, the concentration of various forms of nitrogen in shallow groundwater in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season. NO3--N was the main nitrogen form in shallow groundwater; the fraction of TN was 57%-68%, and the fraction of ON was 27%-38%. The EC, DO, ORP, and T in shallow groundwater were the key factors reflecting or affecting the concentration of various forms of nitrogen in shallow groundwater, whereas soil factors had a weak impact on the concentration of various forms of nitrogen in shallow groundwater.

TRAININGS AS A KIND OF INFORMAL EDUCATION AND THEIR EFFICIENCY FOR EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

The article shows pedagogical potential of trainings as an innovative way of obtaining informal education and self-development of a specialist of the New Ukrainian School. The interpretation of the notion “informal education” by the scientific community is considered, the characteristics of informal education are given, the possible institutions of its receipt are listed. The content of various forms of informal education in the direction of improving the digital competence of teachers is determined. The best experience of organizing and conducting trainings on professional development of scientific and pedagogical workers on the basis of the Center of Innovative Educational Technologies "PNU EcoSystem" of Precarpathian National University is widely presented. It is proved that the practice of such work is effective in the context of the New Ukrainian School, as it is based on the best experience of trainers gained during numerous study visits to leading universities in the world, claiming the best innovative developments for improvement of learning process. The training of primary school teachers has evidenced the effectiveness of such trainings, as they not only promote creative interaction of participants, but also develop the ability to use practical skills and interesting educational content; encourage the enhancement of general cultural and professional development of learners; meet socio-communicative and intellectual needs; stimulate professional self-perfection. The experience of organizing training shows that participants who are familiar only with the basic use of digital tools, tend to apply them more meaningfully in their teaching practice. The research proves, a competent teacher is able not only to use but also to create innovative developments, taking into account their maximum potential in the educational context.

568 Virtualization of In-school, Teacher-Directed Prevention Programs for Children

IntroductionWhile remote/virtual teaching has been used for many years, Covid-19 increased the need for quality educational programs in virtual format. BPN has two in-school, school-based programs, Flicks Fire and Burn Safety for grades 1-5 and The Great Escape for grades 6-8. These teacher-directed programs cover essential topics such as home fire safety, stop drop and roll, youth fire misuse, and home fire escape. They have, historically, been deployed as hard copy curriculum, student workbooks, and associated educational videos, which were physically mailed directly to classrooms within the BPN’s 24-county service area. When Covid-19 became the new reality, the need to pivot to a different type of program delivery became apparent.MethodsBPN recruited professional educators from targeted grade levels, representing varying geographic locations and socioeconomic backgrounds to recreate these programs in a format that will work in a remote learning environment. This team researched various e-learning platforms to determine what would work best for our content and is commonly used across all school districts. We determined that Google Classroom combined with Bitmoji would best serve our needs. We recreated a set of age-appropriate lessons for each grade level from 1-8. Each grade has information that ties each lesson to the appropriate academic standard for education. We employed multiple content formats based on best practices, including videos, audio tracks, text-based articles, and more. Lastly, we virtualized activities by turning them into on-screen interactive games, puzzles, quizzes, worksheets, etc.ResultsOur result is a virtual program for grades 1-8 conducive to both classroom and remote learning environments. It is linked directly to academic standards for education for each grade level and includes engaging, interactive content in various forms. This format not only gives us the ability to update and add new content quickly it also gives us the ability to expand geographic distribution seamlessly.ConclusionsBy utilizing platforms preferred by professional educators and integrating fire safety and burn prevention lessons into existing mandated educational standards, we can more effectively and cost-efficiently expand quality educational programming to children ages 6 – 14.

INOVASI GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KONTEN EDUKASI PLATFORM YOUTUBE SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI

The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of teacher innovation in developing educational content on the YouTube platform as a learning medium and to determine the form of educational content that can be used as a medium for learning biology. This study was designed using a qualitative method with the type of library research. The data analysis procedure was carried out by searching, collecting, and processing various valid sources such as printed books, e-books, and similar e-journals as article references. The result of this study is that teachers have a great opportunity to innovate and develop learning media in the develop learning media in the form of educational content on the YouTube platform in learning biology. The development of educational content is useful for increasing student interest in learning, making it easier for students to receive biology material, and providing opportunities for students to study wherever and whenever. Educational content can be in the form of learning videos, teaching videos, tutorial videos, and even animated videos. The conclusion of this study is that teachers can develop content in various forms freely as a medium for learning biology on the condition that the content contains information on biological knowledge.