Fruit Juice Content Research Articles

Amending clayey and sandy soils with nano - bio phosphorous for regulating tomato growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics

Phosphorus is a critical nutrient that significantly enhances tomato production, so maintaining an adequate level of phosphorus plays an essential role in enhancing the growth of tomato by being present in the soil. This study assessed the impact of soil texture and phosphorus content on tomato plant properties using a factorial, complete, randomized design with four replications. Treatments included clayey and sandy soils with varying phosphorus sources: non-phosphorus (P0), calcium phosphate (CaP1 and CaP2), and nano-hydroxyapatite (PN1 and PN2), where 1 indicates a concentration of 0.12 g and 2 indicates a concentration of 0.23 g per 5-kilogram pot of fertilizer. Results indicated that treatments significantly influenced yield parameters such as average fruit weight, juice content, antioxidant activity, and fruit volume. In the clayey soil, CaP2 treatment had a superior effect on yield, average fruit weight, and shoot fresh weight. In comparison with sandy conditions, CaP2 produced a 50% increase in fruit number, 29% increase in average fruit weight, and 91% increase in fruit yield. The treatments then impacted the shoot fresh weight and root length, while the phosphorus concentration appeared to be more dependent on soil type than on phosphorus sources. Similar to the CaP1 and CaP2 treatments, the PN1 treatment in clay soil also resulted in the highest fresh and dry weights of tomato shoots when compared with the control group. Generally, the findings from this study suggest that the use of CaP2 can serve as a reliable method to improve the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes, especially in clayey soil environments. However, nano-based phosphorous sources need to be tested more to see if they can improve tomato performance in a range of soil conditions. Also, further research should look into the long-term effects of phosphorous interventions on soil health and sustainability.

Effect of Pit and Soil Types on Growth and Development, Nutrient Content and Fruit Quality of Pomegranate in the Central Deccan Plateau Region, India

To enhance pomegranate production on marginal gravelly lands, standardized planting techniques were evaluated in an 8-year-old orchard. Trenching, wider pit excavation, pit digging, and auger digs with dimensions of 1 and 2 m were employed. Utilizing native soil from barren land, with or without spent wash, and mixing it with black soil up to 1 m deep, growth parameters, leaf nutrients, fruit production, and fruit quality were assessed. The trench and wider pit methods outperformed others, yielding greater above-ground biomass (>70.3 kg tree−1), root biomass (>24.5 kg, tree−1), and cross-sectional area (>3.30 m2 tree−1). These methods also produced longer roots (>4.0 m tree−1) and higher leaf phosphorus (>0.28%) and potassium (>1.81%) levels, fruit juice content (>48.50%), and total soluble solids (>16.05°) compared to other planting methods. This resulted in higher and more sustainable fruit yield production under the trench and wider pit planting methods (>7.21 t ha−1). Similarly, the native and black soil mixture produced healthy fruit trees, improved fruit quality, and sustainably higher fruit yield over the native soil alone. In summary, the trench and wider pit methods (2–3 m3), combined with a soil mixture, are recommended for sustainable, high-quality fruit production in shallow gravelly terrains, thereby improving food security and the livelihoods of farmers in arid regions.

Evaluation of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Quality Traits

A study on evaluation of acid lime genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits was carried out at Citrus Research Station, Vannikonenthal, Manur Taluk and Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu during the year 2021–2023. Twenty five acid lime genotypes were selected for the experiment. Observation on quantitative traits such as tree height (m), tree spread (m), canopy spread (m2), tree girth (cm), leaf lamina length (mm), number of fruits/tree, mean fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit volume (cc), number of seeds per fruit, yield/tree (kg) and qualitative traits such as total soluble solids (°Brix), acidity (%), juice content (ml), fruit juice percentage (%) and ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) were recorded. The present study results revealed that genotype SCA 19 recorded the highest values for the traits such as tree height (3.49 m), tree spread (3.58 m2 E-W; 3.74 m2 N-S), canopy spread (6.57 m3), leaf lamina length (58.40 mm) and tree girth (13.66 cm). However, genotype SCA 06 registered the lowest tree spread character. In the case of yield traits, genotype SCA 19 registered the highest values in number of fruits per tree (1080), mean fruit weight (58.75 g), yield per tree (57.89 kg per tree), number of seeds (9.10), fruit length (8.50 cm), fruit girth (4.90 cm) and fruit volume (54.81 cc). Regarding quality traits, SCA 19 observed the highest values viz., TSS (6.71˚Brix), acidity (6.78 %), ascorbic acid content (26.50 mg/100 g), fruit juice percentage (52.1 %) and juice content (46.0 ml). Hence, acid lime genotype SCA 19 recommended for further evaluation in different parts of Tamil Nadu.

Fruit and Seed Development of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle ‘Pan Rampai’ Cultivar

The ‘Pan Rampai’ cultivar of Mexican lime is highly consumed for its lime aroma and high juice content. However, occasional instances of low juice content could be found, potentially due to premature harvesting. Moreover, the seed development of the ‘Pan Rampai’ lime has never been investigated. Hence, this study was aimed to explore the development process of the ‘Pan Rampai’ lime fruit, focusing on its fruit weight, juice weight, juice content, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit rind thickness, total soluble solids, titratable acid, TSS/TA ratio, and vitamin C content over the period of 11 to 18 weeks after flowering (WAF). Additionally, we examined the seed development by observing seed width, length, thickness, and germination percentage. Our findings revealed that fruit weight, juice weight, juice content, fruit diameter, and fruit length exhibited a consistent increase throughout the fruit development stages, while the fruit rind thickness decreased. Seed width and thickness remained relatively stable over 11 to 18 WAF, whereas seed length gradually increased. The study of germination percentage indicated that seed germination was mature from the 15th WAF, coinciding with the appearance of the secondary wall of seed coat. There results provide crucial insights into the optimal harvesting periods for juice (from 17 WAF) and seed (from 15 WAF) for the ‘Pan Rampai’ lime cultivar.

Potential of amino acids-modified biochar in mitigating the soil Cu and Ni stresses – Targeting the tomato growth, physiology and fruit quality

Trace heavy metals (HMs) such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are toxic to plants, especially tomato at high levels. In this study, biochar (BC) was treated with amino acids (AA) to enhance amino functional groups, which effectively alleviated the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato growth. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of glycine and alanine modified BC (GBC/ABC) on various tomato growth parameters, its physiology, fruit yield and Cu/Ni uptake under Cu and Ni stresses. In a pot experiment, there was 21 treatments with three replications having two rates of simple BC and glycine/alanine enriched BC (0.5% and 1% (w/w). Cu and Ni stresses were added at 150 mg kg−1 respectively. Plants were harvested after 120 days of sowing and subjected to various analysis. Under Cu and Ni stresses, tomato roots accumulated more Cu and Ni than shoots and fruits, while GBC and ABC application significantly enhanced the root and shoot dry weight irrelevant to the stress conditions. Both rates of GBC decreased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels in plants. The addition of 0.5% GBC with Cu enhanced the tomato fruit dry weight by 1.3 folds in comparison to the control treatment; while tomato fruit juice content also increased (50%) in the presence of 0.5% GBC with Ni as compared to control. In summary, these results demonstrated that lower rate of GBC∼0.5% proved to be the best in mitigating the Cu and Ni stress on tomato plant growth by enhancing the fruit production.

Accurate Estimation of Ethanol Content in Fruit Juices using CIELab Color Space and Chemometrics via Smartphone-based Digital Image Colorimetry

Accurate Estimation of Ethanol Content in Fruit Juices using CIELab Color Space and Chemometrics via Smartphone-based Digital Image Colorimetry

Impact of Natural stimulates and Antioxidant compounds on fruit quality and quantity of pomegranate trees cv. H116

This experiment was carried out during two seasons (2022 and 2023) to examine the effect of spraying pomegranate trees cv. H116 with extract algae at (2cm/l), salicylic acid at (0.5 g/l) and ascorbic acid at (0.5 g/l) either alone or in combination together on productivity, fruit properties and leaf mineral content. All treatments were applied as a foliar three times: at full blooming, after fruit sit and after 30 days from fruit set. The results showed that all treatments caused a significant increase in the yield and the leaf mineral content of trees compared to the control. Treated pomegranate trees with 0.5 g/l ascorbic acid + 0.5 g/l salicylic acid was the best treatment for enhancing the yield (kg), fruit weight (g) and fruit peel (%). Foliar l application on pomegranate trees with (2 cm/l algae extract + 0.5 g/l ascorbic acid + 0.5 g/l salicylic acid) was the best treatment in this study to improve the fruit juice content and its quality and obtain maximum leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Evaluation of energy and nutrient content of fruit juices and similar beverages in Türkiye and their investigation in terms of sustainability

This study aims to evaluate the contents of fruit juices and similar beverages in the Turkish market and to examine them in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Within the scope of the study, the researchers examined the label information of 187 fruit juices and similar beverages from 26 different brands in four different product types. It was determined that all fruit nectars (100%) and almost all fruit and flavored beverages contain added sugar (92.8% for fruit beverages and 70.0% for flavored beverages). It was further detected that 17.5% of fruit nectars and 20.3% of fruit beverages contain sweeteners. Moreover, more than 100% of the daily sodium requirement is met by consuming 100 ml of fruit juice, nectar, or beverages. It was determined that orange and apple juices, apricot, peach, and cherry fruit nectars, and peach, sour cherry, and orange fruit beverages contain more sugar than freshly squeezed fruit juices (p<0.05). The high-fructose syrup manufacturing industry produces large volumes of waste liquid containing various waste carbohydrates, which has a significant environmental impact. Greenhouse gas emission sources are also released to the environment in sugar production processes. On the other hand, it was determined that most of the products examined were packaged in Tetra Pak® packaging. More sustainable product supply chains are those that optimize the use of materials, water, and energy throughout their lifecycle while minimizing waste from products and used packaging. In light of the data obtained from this study, it would be useful for the fruit juice industry to make regulations to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns in order to ensure a healthy and quality life at all ages.

Effects of frozen of marula fruits (Sclerocarya birrea) on chemical, antioxidant activities, and sensory properties of marula fruit juice

This study determined the effects of frozen storage on physicochemical, phenolic content and antioxidant activities of fruit juice extracted from frozen marula fruits. The marula fruits were frozen for zero to eight weeks after which the frozen marula fruits were thawed between 10 and 12 h and the juice extracted manually. There was 36.35% decrease in vitamin C content of the juice, 36.70% decrease in TPC, 46.50% decrease in FRAP and 53.22% decrease in TFC. The colour of the marula fruit juice decreases with increase in frozen storage time and the marula fruit juice extracted from unfrozen marula fruit was score highest in all the sensory properties evaluated. Although, freezing is one of the best preservative methods of fruits, the type of freezer used for the freezing process determines the nutritional value of the fruits and the juice. A home freezer may not be good to store marula fruits.

Pruning Boosts Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Old Valencia Orange Trees: A Field Study

Pruning is an essential practice that helps control branch growth, optimize fruit size, and enhance fruit tree productivity. This study focused on ‘Valencia’ orange trees, which had experienced a decline in productivity after being cultivated on reclaimed lands for several years. The aim was to explore the impact of pruning intensity on vegetation growth, fruit yield, productivity, and fruit quality in these orange trees. The study involved 35-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange trees, which were subjected to four different levels of pruning. The pruning treatments included: T1—no pruning (control group), T2—light pruning (removal of 25% of main branches), T3—moderate pruning (removal of 50% of main branches), and T4—heavy pruning (removal of 75% of main branches). Each season, these pruning measures were consistently carried out on 15 February. The results indicated that the severity of pruning directly influenced vegetative growth parameters, such as shoot length and leaf area. As the pruning intensity increased, so did the growth of the vegetation. However, the overall volume of the tree’s canopy decreased compared to the control group. These findings provide insights into the relationship between pruning practices and the growth and productivity of ‘Valencia’ orange trees. The highest fruit yields were observed when pruning was carried out at a severity level of 75%, followed by 50 and 25%. These pruning treatments had a positive impact on various aspects of fruit quality, including weight, size, firmness, juice content, TSS (°Brix), TSS/acid ratio, and vitamin C content. Additionally, pruning contributed to a greater fruit yield per tree and an overall increase in the yield percentage. In essence, the findings suggest that pruning performed at different severity levels in February effectively promotes vegetation growth and enhances the physical and chemical properties of ‘Valencia’ orange trees. Notably, it resulted in a nearly 20% rise in fruit yield compared to the control group.

Delineating eco-physiological traits linked to salt tolerance and fruit yield in pomegranate

Salt stress can suppress pomegranate growth and yield to varying degrees, reflecting the need for developing salt tolerant cultivars. We studied the effects of salinity stress [soil salinity 6.0–7.75 dS/m; irrigation water salinity ∼4.0 dS/m] on growth, eco-physiological relations, and fruit yield and quality in 15 genotypes of pomegranate comprising 13 soft- and hard-seeded ecotypes and two commercial cultivars (‘Ganesh’ and ‘Bhagwa’). There were contrasting differences (p<0.05) between the soft- and hard-seeded types for several traits; the former were distinctly more productive, had thinner fruit peels, higher 100-aril weight and more juice content than the latter. Such differences were likely due to Na+exclusion, resulting in far lower leaf Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios in soft- than in hard-seeded types. Analysis of Variance revealed highly significant (p<0.001) differences amongst the genotypes for all the traits; fruit weight, aril weight and juice content were particularly highly variable, reflecting the scope for further selection. Higher levels of leaf K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ relative to Na+ and Cl− implied the ability of the tested pomegranate genotypes to overcome salt-induced nutritional deficiencies. Correlation analysis revealed that proline accumulation was likely due to excess Na+, rather than for osmotic adjustment. Strong Na+ and Cl− exclusion capacities in some of the tested genotypes may facilitate their use as parents for developing the salt excluder rootstocks. Lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, better leaf chlorophyll, higher leaf water potential and reduced uptake of Na+and Cl−were identified as the major traits underlying salt tolerance and higher fruit yield in genotypes ‘Raj-4’ and ‘Ajm-3’.

Application of High-Intensity Ultrasound on Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Juice Supplemented with Fructooligosaccharides and Its Effects on Vitamins, Phenolics, Carotenoids, and Antioxidant Capacity

Acerola is considered a superfruit, rich in vitamin C, phenolics, and carotenoids, and having a high antioxidant capacity. However, it is poor in oligosaccharides. Ultrasound technology can improve the bioavailability of several bioactive compounds, improving the nutritional content of several fruit juices. This work evaluated the use of ultrasound processing on acerola juice supplemented with fructooligosaccharides (FOS; 1% w/w) and its effects on the availability of vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic content. The antioxidant capacity of the juice was correlated with its bioactive contents. The study evaluated the effects of important sonication parameters, such as ultrasonic power density, processing time, and processing temperature. The application of ultrasound was efficient in increasing the availability of some vitamins. As a result, ultrasound application increased the availability of vitamins B1, B3, B5, C, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. This improvement increased the antioxidant activity of the FOS-enriched acerola juice.

EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST APPLICATION OF GA3 AND POTASSIUM NITRATE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEACH FRUIT

The research study entitled “effect of pre harvest application of GA3 and potassium nitrate on yield and quality of peach fruit” was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2019. The plots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. Three replications were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on already established peach orchard of almost 14 years old trees of Early Grande cultivar. The uniform size trees were selected and tagged for the experiment. The plants were managed under uniform cultural practices. The selected plants of peach cv. Early Grande were sprayed with various concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) at berry stage. Peach plants were sprayed with GA3 and KNO3 and compared with control. The analysis of data showed that the foliar application of GA3 and KNO3 significantly influenced the yield and quality attributes of peach. Maximum fruit weight (111.98 g), chlorophyll content (51.00 SPAD), TSS (14.60 oBrix), fruit juice content (85.80 %), Fruit firmness (2.16 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (54.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (15.548 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 80 ppm of GA3. In case of KNO3 Maximum fruit weight (101.20 g), chlorophyll content (49.46 SPAD), TSS (13.38 oBrix), fruit juice content (84.86 %), Fruit firmness (2.12 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (51.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (14.829 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Minimum days to maturity (72.52) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (9.65) were found in plants sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 while in case of KNO3 minimum days to maturity (76.92) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (10.62) were found in plants sprayed with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Interactive effect of levels of GA3 and KNO3 was also found significant for some of the parameters. It is therefore concluded that when peach Early Grande cultivar sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 and 3000 ppm of KNO3 the quality as well as yield of the crop were improved.

Isolation and some basic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) —A preliminary study

The carbohydrate content of fruit and vegetable juices has made them a suitable environment for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Various studies have shown that beetroot can be a good substrate for the production of probiotic drinks for consumers. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from beetroot juice. Beetroot juice was prepared from two kilograms of washed beetroot with a cold press. Sterile samples of beetroot juice were first enriched in MRS broth and then cultured on MRS agar. Gram and catalase tests were used for the initial detection of lactic acid bacteria. Then, to identify the species of lactic acid bacteria, biochemical confirmation tests such as the melting of gelatin, and the growth of bacteria has been studied in the ideal condition that is 15-45° C, sugars fermentation, gas production from glucose, and growth in at different concentrations of salt were performed. The final verification of species was done using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA. All isolates formed creamy white round colonies on MRS agar medium, were gram-positive, were able to grow in anaerobic conditions, and were also rod-shaped and catalase-negative. Based on biochemical tests, four types of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus acidophilus) were identified. The findings of this study indicated the presence and diversity of lactic acid bacteria in beet juice, which can be a potential platform for the production of probiotic beetroot juice as a non-dairy product.

A novel tannase from Klebsiella pneumoniae KP715242 reduces haze and improves the quality of fruit juice and beverages through detannification

The presence of high tannin content in fruit juices and other beverages generates bitterness and haze formation with a concomitant deterioration of their quality. This problem could be circumvented by treating these food products with the enzyme tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase EC 3.1.1.20), which contains the ability to hydrolyze the ester and depside linkages present in hydrolyzable tannins. In the present study, a low molecular weight (38.20 kDa) tannase purified from Klebsiella pneumoniae KP715242 was used for clarification and detannification of orange juice, beer, and tea cream solubilization. The initial tannin content of orange juice was reduced to 42.45% upon treatment with 4.5 U/mL of purified tannase at 35°C for 3.5 h. Beer haze was clarified by incubating the colloidal suspension with the purified enzyme. Under the optimum condition of temperature (30°C), incubation time (3.5 h), and enzyme concentration (4.5 U/mL), the initial tannin content of beer was reduced to 46.47%. Tea cream solubilization was achieved by treating the tea extract with varying enzyme concentrations at different time intervals and temperatures. The maximum reduction in the tea tannin content (55%) was observed at 35°C when the enzyme was incubated for 3 h at a concentration of 6.0 U/mL. The results of this investigation could be further exploited at an industrial scale in the detannification of fruit juice, beer, and tea.

Determination of Shelf-Life of New Satsuma (Rize) Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Cultivar Candidates Obtained by Clonal Selection

Satsuma (Rize) Mandarin is Türkiye's most widely produced and exported mandarin variety. Due to its early ripeness and seedlessness, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a popular citrus fruit in domestic and foreign markets. The present study was conducted at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture in 2020-2021 to determine the shelf-life of Satsuma mandarin genotypes obtained as a result of clonal selection carried out in Rize province and its districts. The harvested mandarin variety candidates were pomologically analyzed and stored in an environment containing at 15°C ± 1 temperature and 55-60% humidity. The changes in fruit weight (g), fruit juice content (%), rind thickness (mm), total soluble solid (%, TSS), and titratable acid (%, TA) content were examined at one-week intervals during the storage period. It was determined that weight loss (%) and TSS (%) increased steadily, while fruit juice content (%), rind thickness (mm), and titratable acid (%) decreased steadily during storage in all genotypes and control. Also, the differences detected in terms of the properties examined were lower on 7 and 14 days than the initial value, whereas they were higher on 21 days. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the quality losses of mandarin genotypes showed differences during the shelf-life, but they could be stored for 14 days without much loss in quality.

Application of Emerging Techniques in Reduction of the Sugar Content of Fruit Juice: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.

In light of the growing interest in products with reduced sugar content, there is a need to consider reducing the natural sugar concentration in juices while preserving the initial concentration of nutritional compounds. This paper reviewed the current state of knowledge related to mixing juices, membrane processes, and enzymatic processes in producing fruit juices with reduced concentrations of sugars. The limitations and challenges of these methods are also reviewed, including the losses of nutritional ingredients in membrane processes and the emergence of side products in enzymatic processes. As the existing methods have limitations, the review also identifies areas that require further improvements and technological innovations.

Development and Physico-chemical Evaluation of an Isotonic Nas Narang (Citrus madurensis) Sports Drink

Isotonic drinks are the type of sports drink with a similar number of osmotically active particles as present in the body plasma (i.e. osmolality; 275-295 mOsmole/kg) and help for replenishing the loss of electrolytes and sugar after physical workout. The present study describes the potential of utilization of Nas Narang (Citrus madurensis) fruit juice in the development of Isotonic Nas Narang Sports Drink (INNSD) and investigation of the physico-chemical parameters. INNSD was developed using varying content of fresh juice of Nas Narang 5%, 6.5%, and 7.5% v/v with other recommended food grade ingredients. The 7.5% of fresh Nas Narang juice was selected as the best fruit content based on the highest overall acceptability in sensorial evaluation using a trained sensory panel. The total osmolality of developed isotonic Nas Narang sports drink was 282.95 mOsmol/l. The physical properties of Total Soluble Solids content (TSS), Titratable Acidity (TA), and pH of the INNSD were 9.00±0.00%, 0.53±0.01%, and 2.45±0.01 respectively. The proximate composition of Nas Narang fruit juice and developed sports drink were total ash (0.47±0.11%; 0.42±0.17%), protein (0.47±0.01%; 0.05±0.00%), crude fibre (0.53±0.01%; 0.09±0.01%), total carbohydrate content (6.97±0.27%; 7.31±0.31%) and caloric value (29.44 Kcal /per 100 ml of sports drink) respectively. The vitamin contents of INNSD were ascorbic acid (0.3 mg/100 ml), vitamin B2 (0.135 mg/100 ml), vitamin B5 (0.15mg/100ml) and vitamin B6 (0.145 mg/100 ml). Further, anti-oxidant potential of Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) of fresh Nas Narang fruit juice and developed INNSD were (0.224±0.02 mg GAE/ml; 0.029±0.00 mg GAE/ml) and (0.139±0.01 mg QE/ml; 0.011±0.00 mg QE/ml) respectively.&#x0D; Nas narang fruit is available throughout the year as an adequate source of raw material for industry. It provides natural citrus flavor, attractive yellow colour, appealing taste, minerals and antioxidants to the product and further act as a natural preservative. Present study showed incorporation of Nas Narang juice in formulation of sport drink is technically sound and acceptable.

ՕՐԳԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՄՇԱԿՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԱՅՄԱՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ ԱՉՔԵՐՈՎ ԲԵՌՆՎԱԾՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԴԵՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԽԱՂՈՂԻ ՍԵՎ ԱՐԵՆԻ ՍՈՐՏԻ ՀԱՍՈՒՆԱՑՄԱՆ ԴԻՆԱՄԻԿԱՅԻ ՎՐԱ

The aim of the work is to study the growing dynamics of total sugars, acids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins) in Sev Areni grape berries in conditions of organic farming depending on the buds’ load rate. The studies were conducted in 2020-2021. The vineyard belonging to “Hin Areni” CJSC, established in 2007-2008, is located in the Areni community of Vayots Dzor marz, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. At the start of the trials, 5 hectares of the garden (10 ha) were cultivated with organic methods. The experiments were carried out in four replications through the method of Lazarevskiy including 15 vines in each option. The dynamics of berry ripening was studied according to vine load. Sugar content (refractometric method), titratable acidity (using OIV-MA-AS313-01 method), pH, total phenolic content of fruit juice was determined three times. According to study results, the amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins changes during grape ripening, depending on the vine load. Along with the grapes maturation, sugar content of the fruit juice increases, the acidity decreases. However, parallel to the increase in vine load, the sugar content decreases. In the option of 50 bud load the sugar content decreases. The harvested yield lags behind the option of 30-40 bud load in its qualitative properties. Thus, it is not recommended to use high bud loading option in the organic farming. Based on the study results, it is recommended to use 30-40 bud vine loads of Sev Areni variety in conditions of vineyards organic farming.

Determination of Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Functional Fruit Juices Fortified with Thymus serpyllum L. and Salvia officinalis L. Extracts

Determination of Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Functional Fruit Juices Fortified with Thymus serpyllum L. and Salvia officinalis L. Extracts