Content Of Cultivars Research Articles

Metabolite profiling of triterpene saponins from different red beetroot cultivars using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of red beets as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Although saponins may be responsible for the pharmacological and nutraceutical activities of red beets, information on the saponin composition of various red beet cultivars is very limited, and the saponin profiles remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we profiled triterpene saponins from the flesh and skin of different red beetroot cultivars, whose names of Polish cv. are Bonel, Chrobry and Nochowski. In addition, the total triterpene saponin contents in cultivars Bonel, Chrobry, Nochowski and in their various root parts were determined. Triterpene saponins isolated from the skin and flesh of different red beetroot cultivars were qualitatively profiled using two high-performance liquid chromatography systems (HPLC-ESI-IT MS and UPLC-HESI-Q-Orbitrap MS). The total triterpene saponin contents in different cultivars were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 40 triterpene saponins were tentatively identified, and among them, 5 compounds were potentially new saponins, not previously reported in red beets. These saponins are new to red beets and were reported in B. vulgaris for the first time. The analyzed cultivars were different in terms of their total saponin content. The results of our study indicated that the variation in the composition of saponins depended on the red beet cultivars and part of the roots. Higher concentrations of these compounds were found in the skins than in the flesh of roots. We developed an analytical strategy to discover and identify triterpene saponins from B. vulgaris L. using a combination of techniques to detect the comprehensive fragmentation pathways of the saponins present at low concentrations in plant material.

온도구배터널 내 재배온도 차이에 의한 찻잎의 생육시기, 아미노산 및 카테킨 함량 비교

The growth time and quality of tea leaf was differed temperature during development and growth for tea plants. The study was to compare growth time, amino acid, theanine and catechin contents by difference of cultivation temperature during development and growth for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Kemsull; and ‘Yabukita’ from the first harvesting season to the third harvesting season in the temperature gradient tunnel system(TGTS). The sprouting time and growth time of tea leaf in the inner region was earlier compared with the middle and the outer regions at the first harvest season and it was not differed by cultivation temperature at the second and third harvesting seasons in the TGTS. The growth and development period (from 1 bud 1 leaf to 1 bud 5 leaves) at the inner region was earlier from 3 to 17 days compared to the middle and outer regions at the first harvesting season. However, there was no difference of cultivation temperature at the second and third harvesting seasons. Also, the difference of the amino acid and theanine contents was greater by cultivation temperature (inner, middle and outer regions) at the first harvesting season than the second and third harvesting seasons. The catechin content was higher than the second harvesting seasons > the third harvesting season > the first harvesting season, and there was few difference between (-)-epigallocatechin–3- gallate(EGCG) and (-) epicatechin-3- gallate(ECG) contents in cultivars and cultivation temperature in the TGTS. The growth and development time, amino acid and theanine contents were very different at the low time about 20∼22℃ (the first harvesting season) of means cultivation temperature compared with above about 20∼22℃ of means cultivation temperature (the second and third harvesting seasons). Therefore, growth and development time, amino acid and theanine contents for tea leaf may be affected by below and above 20∼22℃ of means cultivation temperature.

Effects of Shade Net Colors on Mineral Elements and Postharvest Shelf Life and Quality of Fresh Fig (Ficus carica L.) under Rain-Fed Condition

Photoselective netting is well known for filtering the intercepted solar radiation, thus affecting light quality. While its effects on leaf mineral elements have been well investigated, how color netting affects fruit mineral nutrients remains elusive. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of shade provided by blue and yellow nets on mineral nutrients of fig trees under rain-fed conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Cultivars “Sabz” and “Siah” were covered with color nets or left uncovered (as the control group). The highest nitrogen content (8710 ppm) was recorded for cultivar “Sabz” covered with blue net. Color nets enhanced calcium concentration in cultivar “Siah”. Covering fig trees with yellow net increased magnesium content in cultivar “Siah” and phosphorus content in cultivar “Sabz”. Our observation showed the significant positive effect of photo selective nets on postharvest quality, by decreasing fig fruit weight loss and extending shelf life of fruits. In general, color nets as a new agro-technological approach can maintain fruit nutrition under rain-fed conditions and increase postharvest shelf life and quality of fresh fig.

Assessment of heterogeneity of two cultivars of Olea europaea based on the study of their Ole e 1 protein content.

Olive pollen is one of the main causes of allergic disease in the Mediterranean area. Ten different proteins with allergenic activity have been described in olive pollen, with major allergen Ole e 1. Olea europaea L. may cause allergenic effects of different severity depending on the Ole e 1 content of cultivars. In this paper, we aimed to assess the heterogeneity of two olive cultivars concerning concentrations of the major allergen Ole e 1 during a period of 2 years. Pollens from two most common olive cultivars, known as “Gemlik” and “Celebi,” were analyzed on regular basis. Ole e 1 amounts were measured by double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were expressed as μg of Ole e 1 per μg of total freeze-dried extract. Comparisons of Ole e 1 levels were made both between individual trees and between cultivars. It was analyzed the influence of some meteorological parameters on pollen counts/allergenic content on a local scale, for 2 years. Pollen sampling was carried out continuously for 2 years, using a Hirst-type volumetric trap. “Gemlik” had the higher value (mean ± standard deviation) of Ole e 1 content (2.44 ±0.70 and 1.87 ±1.03 μg/μg, respectively) when compared to “Celebi” (2.16 ±0.86 and 0.20 ±0.30 μg/μg, respectively) in the years 2013 and 2015. In our research, daily variations were observed in pollen samples of two olive cultivars and even different trees of the same cultivar. Furthermore, during certain sampling days, discrepancies between airborne pollen counts and Ole e 1 concentrations were detected for both cultivars. It was found that meteorological changes, especially temperature and precipitation fluctuations, could affect airborne pollen and Ole e 1 allergen levels in the atmosphere. Therefore, pollen samples of different O. europaea cultivars demonstrated great differences in Ole e 1 content. We believe that these findings were a result of alternate bearing behavior modulated by meteorological factors.

The influence of laser beam and high light intensity on lentil (Lens culinaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings growth and metabolism

Light is considered as an environmental signal that controls plants growth and development. Sufficient duration, quality and wavelength are mainly responsible for switching on/off many physiological processes. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway specific response in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lentil (Lens culinaris) seedlings to blue LED laser (intensity= 1.48 W/cm2) and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light (intensity= 3.99 W/cm2) treatments separately, with respect to: seed germination, seedling growth, oxidative damage in term of reactive oxygen substances accumulation, GABA accumulation level, total proteins and total carbohydrates level and glutamate decarboxylase gene (GAD) expression. Data showed a remarkable changes in proteins content, carbohydrates content, chlorophyll level, dry and fresh weight, GABA accumulation, MDA level, and GAD m-RNA level under blue LED laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light treatments; separately in the both wheat and lentil cultivars. There were no significant differences of root emergence in all cultivars under all treatments. The concentrations of MDA increased in all cultivars under blue LED laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light treatments with increasing exposure durations. GABA levels increased and correlated significantly in all cultivars as the exposure duration of blue LED laser and high light intensity increased. Significant decrease in chlorophyll a and b contents in Um Qayes, Jordan1 and Jordan2 cultivars under all laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light treatments. A significant difference was found in proteins content in all cultivars in response to laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light treatments. Carbohydrates content in all cultivars used in this study were significantly decreased under laser treatments. The transcription level of GAD increased significantly under blue LED laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light in all cultivars used in this study. GAD expression was high in Hurani75 cultivar in agreement with the low level of GABA accumulation under high intensity invisible ultraviolet light at 60 min which strongly suggested that GABA was catabolized to enter another pathways (C:N balance) that was confirmed by increase in higher level of carbohydrates and proteins beside reduction in MDA content at the same exposure duration. On other hand, GAD expression in Jordan 2 was lower in response to laser treatment under the same exposure duration. The high increase of GAD gene expression explains the high accumulation of GABA level under both treatments. Results indicated that GABA shunt is a key metabolic pathway that allows wheat and lentil to adapt blue LED laser and high intensity invisible ultraviolet light stressful treatments.

Comparative analysis of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) hot and cold extracts in respect to their potential for α-glucosidase inhibition

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a functional food with potential health benefits, consumed either as hot or cold beverage. To ensure quality control of its various products, accurate measurement of active metabolites is warranted. Herein, we propose a combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analytical platforms for the untargeted characterization of metabolites in two roselle cultivars, Aswan and Sudan-1. The analyses revealed 33 metabolites, including sugars, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic and aliphatic organic acids. Their relative contents in cultivars were assessed via principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis (OPLS). Impact of the different extraction methods (decoction, infusion and maceration) was compared by quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing cold maceration to be optimal for preserving anthocyanins, whereas infusion was more suited for recovering organic acids. The metabolite pattern revealed by the different extraction methods was found in good correlation for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme.

The effect of exogenous silicon on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars under salt stress conditions

ABSTRACT- Seed germination and early seedling growth are critical stages for plants establishment and production, particularly under salinity conditions. Exogenous application of silicon (Si) can enhance germination as well as seedling growth. In this experiment, the effect of priming with Si (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mM sodium silicate) on seed germination and seedling growth under NaCl (0, 100 and 150 mM) conditions was studied in two wheat cultivars of Kavir (salt tolerant) and Shiraz (salt sensitive). The experiment was designed as a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratoryof college of Agriculture, Shiraz University, in 2012. Results showed that seed priming by Si improved germination percentage, germination rate, vigor index, shoot and root length and seedling dry weight in both stress and non-stress conditions. Moreover, Si increased K+ uptake and K+/Na+ ratio and decreased Na+ content of cultivars with the effect of 2.25 mM being more pronounced. On the contrary, salt stress reduced the above traits andK+ uptake and K+/Na+ ratio and increased mean germination timeand Na+ uptake in both cultivars with the negative effects of 150 mMNaCl being more severe. However, the tolerant cultivar (Kavir) accumulated less Na+ and more K+ and had greater K+/Na+ ratio compared to non-tolerant cultivar (Shiraz). Although the salinity adversely affected seed germination and seedling growth in both cultivars, Kavir (tolerant cultivar) was less affected. It was concluded that priming with Si may promote germination and subsequent seedling growth of wheat cultivars under salinity conditions by reducing Na+ in favor of K+ accumulation.

Impact of Different NaCl Doses on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Common Vetch Cultivars (Vicia Sativa L.)

This study was conducted to investigate the NaCl impacts on germination and emergence performance of common vetch varieties. Seeds of Gülhan, Selçuk, Kubilay, Emir and Nitra were used as materials. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of NaCl solutions were 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS m-1. Distilled water (0 dS m-1) used as control. In this study germination and emergence test were applied to the varieties. In germination and emergence test mean germination time, mean emergence time, germination percentage, emergence percentage shoot length, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight were measured at the end of the 14th day after sowing. The results showed that germination and emergence percentage and the seedling growth of the varieties were inhibited by NaCl stress and NaCl stress led to increase in germination time and emergence time. Cultivars Gülhan and Emir were the least affected compared to other cultivars. Moreover increased NaCl levels gave rise to increase in Na+ content of cultivars and it was evaluated that the significant correlation (r=-0,525) between Na+ and K+. It was also determined that the correlation between two characters had negative relationship.

Influence of four different dwarfing rootstocks on phenolic acids and anthocyanin composition of sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L) cvs 'Kordia' and 'Regina'

Influence of four different dwarfing rootstocks: ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 6’, ‘PHL-C’ and ‘PiKU1’ on the amount of polyphenols (total phenols, total and individual anthocyanins and individual hydroxycinnamic acids) of sweet cherry cultivars ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ was researched as well as correlations between polyphenols and colorimetrically measured fruit skin colour. Total phenols (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA) were determined by spectroscopic methods, while individual anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic were quantified and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘PiKU1’ had the strongest influence on the TP content of both cultivars. The main hydroxycinnamic acid identified was p -coumaric acid (p-CA) which content was influenced by cultivar, vegetation year and interaction of cultivar*rootstock*year. Content of p-CA varied the most on rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ for both cultivars, with its lowest amount obtained in 2013 and the highest in 2014 in comparison to other rootstocks.The largest difference in TA content in cultivar*rootstock interaction was identified in ‘Gisela 6’. Substantial difference in correlation pattern between cvs. ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ lead to the conclusion that values L* and b* are better TA indicators rather than values a* and Hue.

Quantitative Estimation of Hydrogen Cyanide in Fresh and Cooked Tuber Parenchyma (Pulp) of Three Cultivars of Sweet Cassava Cultivars Grown in Some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria

The amount of cyanide in fresh and cooked tuber parenchyma (pulp) of three cultivars of sweet cassava from two local government areas (LGA) of Benue state was studied. Cassava tubers were collected and carefully peeled to obtain the pulp. The fresh and boiled samples were adequately processed and treated with ninhydrin, Na2CO3 and NaOH and the absorbance of the reaction product measured using UV-Visible spectrometer after construction of a calibration graph using standard cyanide solutions. The amount of cyanide in the fresh pulp varied with differences in cultivars ranging from White Dan-Warri Cultivar: (19.87 to 28.81) mg/kg; Obasanjo cultivar: (17.23 to 28.81) mg/kg and Red Dan-Warri Cultivar (8.23 to 19.31) mg/kg. Also, the cyanide content of cultivars from Oju LGA was generally higher than that of the cultivars from Gwer-east LGA. Cyanide content varied with the period of the day harvested in the order: Afternoon > Evening > Morning for all cultivars. Furthermore, cooking greatly reduced the cyanide content of all the sweet cassava cultivars but boiling was more effective than roasting with the cyanide removal increasing with increase in cooking time. The cyanide content of the tuber parenchyma of the sweet cassava cultivars was very low (<30 mg/kg) which is in agreement with reported values for sweet cassava. However, cooking at a reasonable time interval will further reduce their cyanide levels to further safe limits.

Quantitative differentiation of phenolic compounds in different varieties of buckwheat cultivars from China, Japan and Korea

The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phenolic compounds in common and tartary buckwheats collected from China, Japan and Korea. Two buckwheat varieties of each country were cultivated using nutrient solution and vermiculite in the greenhouse from February to May, 2012 and harvested at two-week intervals. Phenolics such as chlorogenic acid, C-glycosylflavones (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin), rutin, and quercetin were quantified using high performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC). At 17, 29, 44, 58, and 72 days after sowing (DAS), before harvesting each organs, rutin content of cultivars from China and Korea at 17 DAS was the highest (mean 43.63 and 39.95 mg?g–1 DW, respectively) than that of 29 and 44 DAS. However, two varieties from Japan at 44 DAS were documented maximum; whereas, the amount of rutin in “Hokkai T10” harvested at 44 DAS (58.36 mg?g–1 DW) was the highest of all cultivars. Rutin level in the leaves and stems at 72 DAS were comparatively higher than at 58 DAS. The highest of rutin content was found at 72 DAS (73.33 mg?g–1 DW) in “Hokkai T10” leaves followed by “Daegwan No.3-3” (61.13 mg?g–1 DW), “rice tartary” (53.89 mg?g–1 DW). Rutin content of flowers was presented as the highest amount in “Hokkai T10” at 72 DAS (88.3 mg?g–1 DW) was approximately 14-fold higher than that of 58 DAS (6.44 mg?g–1 DW). However, rutin content of flower in “Xiqiao No.2” was 3-fold higher at 72 DAS than at 58 DAS. Rutin and total phenolic compounds content in flowers, leaves, and stems were higher in the order. The content of four C-glycosylflavones in common buckwheat was higher than those in tartary buckwheat, but rutin content which accounted >90% of the total phenolic compounds was higher in tartary buckwheat. The highest amounts of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were measured in the flower of “Xiqiao No.2” (6.85 and 11.69 mg?g–1 DW, respectively). Based on these results, the presence of different phenolic compounds in all the varieties of buckwheat confirmed that it can be regarded as a potent source of functional foods.

Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Carotenoid Contents of Fruit Flesh in Parental Population Used in Citrus Breeding in Japan

To aid the breeding of citrus (Citrus sp.) for high carotenoid content, we assayed the fruit flesh of 48 cultivars and selections within a parental population consisting of both old and new cultivars and selections at two locations in Japan. The mean total carotenoid (CAR) content across all 48 cultivars and selections over the two locations was 26.59 μg·g−1 fresh weight (FW). The most prominent carotenoid was β-cryptoxanthin [BCR (12.09 μg·g−1 FW)] followed by violaxanthin [VIO (8.04 μg·g−1 FW)], ζ-carotene (2.27 μg·g−1 FW), phytoene (1.86 μg·g−1 FW), and β-carotene (0.96 μg·g−1 FW). Broad-sense heritabilities of CAR, BCR, and VIO were 0.80 or greater based on a sample of five fruit on one tree per location in one time sampling for 1 year in a location, which were revealed to be large enough for gauging the genetic variation. The mean CAR and BCR contents in a cultivar and selection group in advanced generations were nearly the same as in the initial population, suggesting no or little selection pressure on carotenoid content in the citrus breeding so far. High carotenoid contents in cultivars and selections released or selected recently, which have high fruit qualities, suggest their high potential for combining high fruit quality and high carotenoid content in breeding. We showed that the critical phenotypic value used in selecting hybrid seedlings can be determined from the estimate of environmental variance.

Effects of cultivar and fertilization on extensograph parameters of winter wheat flours

In present paper we have examined the effect of mineral fertilization on the extensograph characteristics of wheat-flours. The baking quality of winter wheat is largely determined by cultivar, but it can be influenced by fertilization. Flours were from 4 cultivars grown at six nitrogen fertilizer. The average flour protein content of cultivars was very different (11.8, 13.0, 14.3, and 13.07%, respectively). We have found that the extensographproperties of dough are affected by mineral fertilization, nevertheless, different cultivars distinctly react to the increase of fertilizer doses. We estimates the correlation between flour protein content and extensograph properties, based on our investigations, it became obvious that the correlation between flour protein content and extensograph parameters is really strong.

HPLC IDENTIFICATION OF GLUCOSINOLATES IN CHINESE KALE

Glucosinolates (GSs) are sulfur-containing compounds that upon hydrolysis by myrosinase produce several products. Some compounds have the function of cancer-prevention. In this paper, glucosinolate composition and contents in 28 Chinese kale cultivars, a traditional Chinese Brassica vegetable, were studied. Glucosinolates can be separated successfully in HPLC system with gradient eluents. Eight kinds of glucosinolates were detected in Chinese kale. Among the 28 Chinese kale cultivars, '04BF-1229-1' had the highest total glucosinolate content, which was 319.46 μmol·100 g -1 FW, followed by 'Zizhi' (285.46 μmol·100 g -1 FW) and 'Dongfangzhengda No.1' (274.34 μmol·100 g -1 FW). The lowest total GSs content was 32.48 umol·100 g -1 FW with cultivar 'No.66'. Glucosinolate predominant composition and content varied among different Chinese kale cultivars. Gluconapin was the highest content GS in most of the cultivars. Glucoraphanin, the direct precursor of sulforaphane, had the highest content in cultivar 'DE', which was 49.59 μmol 100 g -1 FW, while cultivar 'Sijiyouqing' had the highest percentage of Glucoraphanin to total GSs content which was 36.5%.

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES OF SWEETPOTATO AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVAR, HARVEST DATE AND COOKING

Qualitative evaluation of ten sweet potato cultivars harvested at 90, 105 and 120 days after planting (DAP) was carried out at the research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India from 2002-03 to determine the optimum harvesting stage, to identify cultivars suitable for table/processing purposes, and to assess the quality of the cooked product. The dry matter content of cultivars over the harvesting stages ranged from 18.11-26.33%, starch 5.55-18.00%, total sugars 1.62-2.94%, ascorbic acid 11.50-28.60 mg/100g and β-carotene 1200-4360μg/100g. Linear increases in dry matter, starch and total sugar content were found between 90 and 120 DAP, while β-carotene content increased up to 105 DAP. A declining trend of ascorbic acid content was observed with age.[...]

Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars of southern (45°N) and northern (≥60°N) origin were grown in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (46° N) and Jokioinen, Finland (61° N) in two years. Timothy was harvested twice a season and nitrogen applied at 100 or 150 kg/ha. Dry matter yields were higher in Charlottetown than in Jokioinen and northern cultivars outyielded southern cultivars. Nitrogen at 150 kg/ha increased total yields an average of 1.4 t/ha over the 100 kg N/ha rate. The stems and panicles of timothy were longer in Charlottetown. Northern cultivars had longer panicles. The leaf content of cultivars ranged from 139 to 230 g/kg. Northern cultivars had greater N concentrations (22.1 g/kg) in cut 2 than southern timothies (19.7 g/kg). Concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in cut 1 were lower in Jokioinen, In conclusion, northern cultivars performed well in Charlottetown but there were differences in yield stability among cultivars. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differences in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study.

Evaluation of a rapid mass-screening technique for measuring antibiosis to Helicoverpa spp. in cotton cultivars

A study of a variety of screening techniques was undertaken to determine their suitability for an antibiosis-enhancing cotton-breeding program. Techniques trialled included 9 different larval bioassays of varying durations on squares, leaves, and seedlings of cotton-using larvae of different ages. Chemical analyses of squares and seedlings, and a field trial to validate laboratory findings, were also conducted. The 'standard' measure of antibiosis in cotton plants, using long-term (8-day) bioassays based on larval weight gain, was found to be unsuitable for mass screening cotton plants for antibiosis to the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hnbner), in Central Queensland. A 48-h technique using instar VI larvae proved as dependable as the standard, but faster and more energy-efficient, making it more suitable for mass screening. Chemical analyses supported previous findings that terpenoid aldehydes (i.e. gossypol) in cotton produce important antibiotic activity against H. armigera. Highly significant negative correlations were shown between gossypol content of ingested plant material and larval weight gains. In contrast, there was no relationship between condensed tannin content and larval weight gain. The relationships between larval bioassays and allelochemical content of cultivars were confirmed in a field trial.

Influence of Cultivar, Season, Irrigation, and Date of Planting on Thiocyanate Ion Content in Cabbages1

Abstract Tissue analysis of 14 cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) in both 1974 and 1975 indicated that late maturing cultivars generally were higher in thiocyanate ion (SCN−) content than early maturing cultivars. In both years, there was a significant positive correlation between SCN− content of cultivars and days to maturity. While SCN− content of late-planted (June 18, 1975) unirrigated ‘Badger Market’ and ‘Storage Green’ cabbages were more than twice as high as corresponding late-planted cabbages irrigated 5 times per week, the SCN− content of early-planted (May 6) cabbages of both cultivars was not significantly influenced by irrigation treatment. In contrast, the marketable head fresh weight of both cultivars was lowest in late-planted, unirrigated plots. Head SCN− content was negatively correlated with marketable head fresh weight and with total top weight of both cabbage cultivars.