Content Categories Research Articles

Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network optimized with Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm

Music Tone Synthesis is an applied science or method that implies to identify and study of specific orchestral tone currently part of a music. It is especially effective in the area of oral music training system classes, somewhere be able to support in the practice and growth of musicians. Music Tone Synthesis provides singer and writer to produce large number of noises as well as imitate several tools and impact it cannot be flexible otherwise realistic for create over standard classical instrument. In this manuscript, Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network enhanced with artificial hummingbird Optimization algorithm (MTS-AIDINN-AHOA) is proposed. The input data are obtained from the audio signal. Then the data are pre-processing using Stein Particle Filtering (SPF) to remove the noise. The pre-processed data is given into the Two-sided Offset Quaternion Linear Canonical transform (TSOQLCT) for extracting the musical features such as melody, harmony, tempo, and dynamics. After this the extracted feature is provided to the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) is used for the music tone synthesis and it is classified as pitch, chronaxie, volume, tone color. In general, the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) does no express adapting optimization strategies to determine ideal parameters to assure precise prediction. Thus, it is proposed to utilize the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm enhancement AIDINN for Music Tone Synthesis. The proposed MTS-AIDINN-AHOA method is implemented on MATLAB. Then performance of proposed technique is evaluated to other existing techniques. The proposed technique attains 26.36%, 20.69% and 35.29% higher accuracy, 19.23%, 23.56%, and 33.96% higher precision, 26.28%, 31.26%, and 19.66%higher recall, 28.96%, 33.21% and 23.89%higher specificity comparing with the existing methods such as a research on Musical Tone Recognition Method Based on Improved RNN for Vocal Music Teaching Network Courses (MTS-RNN), Music Timbre Extracted from Audio Signal Features (MTS-BPNN)and Feature Extraction and Categorization of Music Content Based on Deep Learning(MTS-SMNN) respectively.

Determination, categorization, and hierarchy of content for a pediatric emergency medicine curriculum designed for emergency medicine residents.

Currently, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education requires time-based pediatric experiences for emergency medicine (EM) residents in both pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and critical care settings. The American Board of Emergency Medicine has published the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, which is a list of content an EM resident should learn. However, this list is large and without prioritization and therefore can be difficult to incorporate into time-limited curricula. The primary objective of this study was to develop comprehensive categorization of PEM content using an EM lens. The second objective was to suggest a prioritization for the EM learner of the enumerated PEM elements. We first assembled a comprehensive list of PEM concepts, diagnoses, and procedures that might be taught to EM residents. We then convened focus groups composed of key stakeholders to help formulate content and concept themes important for EM resident training. Once the themes were identified, we divided the list of PEM topics into appropriate themes and then carried out a second round of focus groups expanded to include more diverse expert input for prioritizing the elements of the comprehensive list within each theme. We prioritized 168 important PEM concepts from previous standards and emerging PEM literature among 10 identified themes: the pediatric normal, the bottom-line boil-it-down approach, common presentations, high-acuity pediatric cases and procedures, differences between children and adults, same between children and adults, red flags, infrequency of caring for a child compared with an adult, keep breadth but promote self-directed depth, and triage and disposition. Based on input from stakeholders in EM resident education, we identified key themes within PEM education and created a framework for the hierarchical categorization of PEM content for within an EM residency.

Text-Based Content Analysis on Social Media Using Topic Modelling to Support Digital Marketing

This study aims to create Social Media Analytics (SMA) tools to help Digital Marketers or Content Creators create content topics for creating text-based Instagram content and support digital marketing strategy. Since no SMA tools can provide topic discovery for text-based Instagram content, this research aims to make an SMA tool. The data requirements to make an SMA tool include content text, content caption text, likes, comments, upload time, and content category obtained through the Instascrapper. The method used in this study is the Topic Modelling method using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach to find the most dominant topic in the content. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) performs an image transformation process to extract text from text-based Instagram content images. The results of SMA tool creation are tested on three expert users, which shows that 93% of test participants could use the SMA to find topic references, and 85% can still be used by users even though they find it difficult. Since the test result shows that SMA tools still need development, for further research, SMA tools can focus on developing the user experience to increase the value of user acceptance by paying attention to the ease of the SMA tools. Also, SMA tools can focus on target users such as Data Analysts, Business Intelligence Analysts, or others within a company to support decision-making for the marketing department.

Personal Branding pada Konten Feeds Fashion Blogger @tamaradai dan @elikaboen di Instagram

Thanks to the emergence of Instagram as a social media platform, the popularity of fashion bloggers has been increasing, and they have utilized the power of Instagram to build their personal branding based on their expertise in specific fields. By effectively building and promoting their personal branding, fashion bloggers can enhance their visibility, attract new followers, and generate higher income and engagement rates. This research aims to analyze the content of two prominent fashion bloggers, @tamaradai and @elikaboen, on Instagram. The study examined 128 photo posts obtained through sample size calculation. Hypothesis testing was conducted using quantitative descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson Chi-Square test with IBM SPSS software version 26. Data collection involved observing image-based fashion blogger content and manually coding the data using a coding book. The findings indicate that the fashion theme is the most dominant in the content feeds of both fashion bloggers, and the majority of posts do not contain hashtags or mentions of brands or other entities. The statistical analysis results demonstrate a significant relationship between certain image content categories and the external relationship category, particularly in terms of tag usage and mentions with '@'.

A diary study investigating the differential impacts of Instagram content on youths’ body image

Through social media like Instagram, users are constantly exposed to “perfect” lives and thin-ideal bodies. Research in this field has predominantly focused on the time youth spend on Instagram and the effects on their body image, oftentimes uncovering negative effects. Little research has been done on the root of the influence: the consumed content itself. Hence, this study aims to qualitatively uncover the types of content that trigger youths’ body image. Using a diary study, 28 youth (Mage = 21.86; 79% female) reported 140 influential body image Instagram posts over five days, uncovering trigger points and providing their motivations, emotions, and impacts on body image. Based on these posts, four content categories were distinguished: Thin Ideal, Body Positivity, Fitness, and Lifestyle. These different content types seemed to trigger different emotions regarding body image, and gender distinctions in content could be noticed. The study increased youths’ awareness of Instagram’s influence on their mood and body perception. The findings imply that the discussion about the effects of social media on body image should be nuanced, taking into account different types of content and users. Using this information, future interventions could focus on the conscious use of social media rather than merely limiting its use.

Evaluation of Cultural Content on English Module of 9th Grade Students Published by Indonesia’s Government during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 Pandemic affects all sectors in every side of the world. The education side is also becoming one of the most affected areas due to this situation. Indonesia’s government made a regulation for conducting distance learning almost in the past two years. By creating this regulation, they also made a module for the teachers and students with the aim of facilitating the education field so it could achieve the materials planned in the general syllabus of Indonesia’s curriculum even though they have to do distance learning. The cultural content is usually found in the English module or textbooks. Culture as one of the national identities should be taught to the students as young as they are. There are three categories of cultural content as follows: source culture, target culture, and international target culture. The descriptive qualitative method will be used in this study since it is aimed to classify and evaluate the cultural content found in the English module used by the 9th grade students in Indonesia and discuss the most appropriate culture that should be taught to junior high school students when it comes to the education in the digital age. The findings of this study show that most cultural categories occurred is from the target culture that is the US and UK culture followed by the source culture. Then, the most cultural elements found in the English module are in a form of product, person, and practice in a line. There is no perspective element found in this study. Since the aim of learning by using this module is for mastering the target language (English), it is acceptable when the target culture is easier to find compared to the source or international target culture. The need of module evaluation here hopefully can help the teachers to select the appropriate sources for the teaching and learning materials in the English classroom, especially in junior high school.

Balancing the platform responsibility paradox: A case for amplification regulation to mitigate the spread of harmful but legal content online

This paper examines the complex issue of harmful but legal content (HBLC) moderation on the internet, focusing on the contentious nature of specific content categories regulation and the emergence of an alternative approach, regulating these categories under the umbrella of HBLC. It highlights the fundamental difference between legal and illegal content and the irony when platforms face more liability than the principal poster for failing to take down legal, albeit harmful content, posted by third parties. Instead, it argues that platforms should be held accountable for amplifying harmful content due to the role of their recommender systems in promoting this content for engagement purposes. While challenging to conceptualise, the concept of amplification regulation is scrutinised in relation to HBLC and the potential ways of implementing such regulation are examined. Furthermore, the paper delves into the dynamic between the State and online platforms in the context of HBLC and amplification regulation, emphasising the need for a balanced approach tailored to each jurisdiction's context.

A Content Analysis of Doctoral Research in String Education, 1992–2022

Kantorski examined string education doctoral research between 1935 and 1992 and highlighted potential future areas of research. In this content analysis, I examined dissertations in string education between 1992 and 2022 to determine current trends of doctoral research. I reviewed 393 string education dissertations and coded each to determine the methodology, the content categories, the participants, and the specific instrument(s) the researchers examined. Results indicate that doctoral string education research increased between 1992 and 2022. Historical ( n = 190, 24.55%) and descriptive ( n = 171, 22.09%) research methods were used most frequently. Among the seven main content categories, dissertation authors most frequently examined instructional materials ( n = 170, 21.96%) and historical and biographical topics ( n = 133, 17.18%). The teacher ( n = 66, 8.53%) and the style and genre ( n = 49, 6.33%) categories were least frequently studied. I found that DMA candidates examined instructional materials (16.02%) most frequently while PhD candidates examined students (8.53%) most frequently thus highlighting the differing priorities of performers and educators. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Convergence or divergence? A cross-platform analysis of climate change visual content categories, features, and social media engagement on Twitter and Instagram

Advocacy organizations increasingly leverage social media and visuals to communicate complex climate issues. By examining an extensive dataset of visual posts collected from five organization accounts on two multimodal social media platforms, Twitter and Instagram, we conducted a cross-platform comparison of visual content categories and visual features related to climate change. Through deep-learning-based unsupervised image clustering, we discovered that visual content on both platforms could be broadly classified into five categories: infographics/captioned images, nature landscape/wildlife, climate activism, technology, and data visualization. However, these categories were not equally represented on each platform. Instagram featured more nature landscape/wildlife content, while Twitter showed more infographics/captioned images and data visualization. Through computational visual analysis, we found that the two platforms also presented significant differences in overall warm and cool colors, brightness, colorfulness, visual complexity, and presence of faces. Additionally, we identified platform-specific patterns of engagement associated with these categories and features. With the urgency to address climate change, these findings can guide climate advocacy organizations in developing strategies tailored to each platform’s specific characteristics for maximum effectiveness. This study highlights the significance of using computational methods in efficiently uncovering meaningful themes from extensive visual data and quantifying aesthetic features in strategic communication.

Late-Ming Book Culture and the Fujian Christian Community: a Case Study of Lixiu yijian 勵修一鑑 (A Mirror to Encourage Self-cultivation)

Abstract This study demonstrates the importance of book culture in the building of a religious community and in the preservation and interpretation of local experiences, through the making of a book titled Lixiu yijian 勵修一鑑 (A mirror to encourage self-cultivation) around 1645. The main author, Li Jiugong 李久功, mobilized members of the Fujian Christian community to collaborate on this communal book project outside the Christian church. Both xylographic print culture and manuscript culture were involved in the process and in the final product of this project. Through genre affiliation, content categorization, and the addition of commentaries, Li and his associates transformed the diverse source materials into a cohesive guidebook for their fellow Christian readers. The book provided Chinese references or contexts to stories of Western origin. Meanwhile, it also portrayed a group image of devoted and resourceful local Chinese Christians among their Western peers, thus promoting Chinese Christians’ experience as an invaluable part of a universal religious system.

Measuring Commonality in Recommendation of Cultural Content to Strengthen Cultural Citizenship

Recommender systems have become the dominant means of curating cultural content, significantly influencing the nature of individual cultural experience. While the majority of academic and industrial research on recommender systems optimizes for personalized user experience, this paradigm does not capture the ways that recommender systems impact cultural experience in the aggregate, across populations of users. Although existing novelty, diversity, and fairness studies probe how recommender systems relate to the broader social role of cultural content, they do not adequately center culture as a core concept and challenge. In this work, we introduce commonality as a new measure of recommender systems that reflects the degree to which recommendations familiarize a given user population with specified categories of cultural content. Our proposed commonality metric responds to a set of arguments developed through an interdisciplinary dialogue between researchers in computer science and the social sciences and humanities. With reference to principles underpinning public service media (PSM) systems in democratic societies, we identify universality of address and content diversity in the service of strengthening cultural citizenship as particularly relevant goals for recommender systems delivering cultural content. We develop commonality as a measure of recommender system alignment with the promotion of a shared cultural experience of, and exposure to, diverse cultural content across a population of users. Moreover, we advocate for the involvement of human editors accountable to a larger value community as a fundamental part of defining categories in the service of cultural citizenship. We empirically compare the performance of recommendation algorithms using commonality with existing utility, diversity, novelty, and fairness metrics using three different domains. Our results demonstrate that commonality captures a property of system behavior complementary to existing metrics and suggests the need for alternative, non-personalized interventions in recommender systems oriented to strengthening cultural citizenship across populations of users. Moreover, commonality demonstrates both consistent results under different editorial policies and robustness to missing labels and users. Alongside existing fairness and diversity metrics, commonality contributes to a growing body of scholarship developing “public good” rationales for digital media and machine learning systems.

Newspaper Headlines and Intimate Partner Femicide in Portugal

The media’s representation of intimate partner femicides has been contributing to addressing gender-based violence as a structural phenomenon. Aiming to understand which crime elements are valued and how they might contribute to victim blaming, the present study explores the portrayal of intimate partner femicides in Portugal through the analysis of newspaper headlines. The core of the analysis comprises 853 newspaper headlines published between 2000 and 2017, which were subjected to a categorical content analysis. The results suggest two major trends that are aligned with the scope of the two newspapers analyzed. While some headlines offer informative perspectives on crime and its characteristics, the majority tend to sensationalize the narratives, potentially legitimizing violence against women. The results of this study enrich the social and academic debate on the media’s potential influence in preventing and combating gender-based violence. Moreover, by shedding light on the media’s representation of intimate partner femicides, the study reinforces the importance of a broader discussion on the role of journalism in fostering social change.

A Social Media Quality Review of Popular Sinusitis Videos on TikTok.

Social media may inform health care decisions among younger patient populations. TikTok is a social media platform that allows users to post short-form videos. This study aimed to assess the quality of sinusitis-related videos on TikTok. We searched TikTok on January 29, 2023, for sinusitis-related hashtags: #sinusitis, #sinus, #sinusinfection. Internet. The number of views/shares per day, uploader type (nonmedical influencer, lay individual, and medical professional) content categories (medical advice, marketing, comedy, and lifestyle/acceptability), and content type (educational vsfactual) were collected. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Material and Journal of the American Medical Association criteria score was used to measure understandability, actionability, and reliability. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to evaluate the quality of videos; the harm/benefit score was used to evaluate causative effects. Analyses were performed using analysis of variance (α = .05). There were 221 videos identified, which garnered over 300 million views and 1 million shares. Almost half of the videos were published by nonmedical influencers. When controlling for covariates, nonmedical influencers and lay uploaders were more likely to have harmful harm/benefit scores, less understandable videos, and lower GQS scores compared to medical professionals. Less than half of videos posted by nonmedical influencers categorized as educational were factual (46.7%); lay individuals and medical professionals had higher rates of factual educational content (79.9% and 83.7%, respectively). Most nonmedical influencer-posted TikTok videos about sinusitis are inaccurate, despite being portrayed as medical advice/educational. Rhinologists must find modern ways to disseminate true disease-related content via social media to combat medical misinformation.

A Study on the Impact of Social Media Platforms and Financial Advertisements on Youth and Their Lifestyle in Mumbai

An extensive research endeavour spanning an entire year investigates the complex interplay among financial advertisements, social media platforms, and the lifestyles of the youth residing in Mumbai. Commencing with the formation of a riding school, the research investigates a range of operational facets, including financial resources, equine grooming operations, and strategic partnerships with Mahalaxmi Racecourse. By employing SPSS software for comprehensive statistical analyses, this study reveals significant findings regarding the impact of social media on young individuals' body image, lifestyle preferences, and financial decision-making. Fundamentally, the results demonstrate a noteworthy positive association between the utilization of visual social media platforms and apprehensions regarding body image, thereby emphasizing the psychological ramifications of online exposure. Furthermore, the study demonstrates a significant correlation between heightened social media utilization and a deterioration in both physical and mental health, underscoring the importance of developing a more nuanced comprehension of digital participation. Regression analyses illuminate the influential effect that financial advertisements have on the investment propensity and consumer decisions of young individuals. The research additionally underscores the significant impact that social media has on the way of life of the youth in Mumbai, acknowledging both favourable and unfavourable aspects. It is worth noting that age and educational background are not considered substantial factors in determining social media influence. This emphasizes the need to acknowledge and account for individual variations in digital engagement. Moving forward, it is suggested that further investigation be conducted into particular categories of content found on social media platforms that have a substantial influence on body image concerns and lifestyle choices. It is recommended to conduct long-term analyses of the relationship between social media usage and well-being in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of causality and durable effects. Furthermore, the study promotes the investigation of cultural subtleties that impact social media, the ethical implications of financial advertising, and the influence of peer relationships on social media on the decisions and behaviours of young people. In summary, this study reveals a complex and multifaceted account of the dynamic relationship among financial advertisements, social media, and the way of life of young individuals residing in Mumbai. Academics, policymakers, and practitioners will benefit from the findings, which urge a comprehensive comprehension of the digital influence on the younger generation. The study not only investigates immediate conjectures but also establishes a groundwork for subsequent inquiries into the continuously developing domain of the influence of social media on the conduct and welfare of young individuals.

Hosting and hoping on social media – a study on SoMe communication strategies among Danish cultural institutions and tourist attractions during COVID-19

PurposeThe COVID-19 lockdown severely impacted organizations in the cultural and tourist business as their products all of a sudden “disappeared”. This study aims to explore if and how the unexpected and disruptive nature of the pandemic accelerated the development of new communication strategies on their social media.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on data from 24 midsize cultural institutions and tourist attractions in Denmark over the first two months of the lockdown in 2020. Approximately 900 posts on Facebook were collected and analyzed through the netnographic method. The analysis followed a two-layered qualitative approach. First, open coding to identify typologies and enable a comparison with established strategies from the literature review. Then, an exploratory examination was conducted across the typologies.FindingsNine different content categories were identified in the data and subsequently assessed and discussed in relation to the literature on strategies and dialogic intentions. This resulted in the emergence of two new overarching strategies: hope and host.Practical implicationsWhile hope is particularly relevant in crisis situations, the utilization of employees in the host role presents an opportunity for further development and engagement. Further, the results call for future research that breaks with the traditional quest for ideal strategies for the benefit of exploring the notion of “strategic doers”.Originality/valueThe identification of the hope and host strategies, along with the analysis of content categories and their alignment with various strategic intentions, contributes to the existing knowledge in this field. Further, the classic perception of engagement as driven by explicit interaction and dialogue is also challenged.

Gynecomastia Surgery Patient Education: An Information Quality Assessment of YouTube Videos.

YouTube is a platform for many topics, including plastic surgery. Previous studies have shown poor educational value in YouTube videos of plastic surgery procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and accuracy of YouTube videos concerning gynecomastia surgery (GS). The phrases "gynecomastia surgery" (GS) and "man boobs surgery" (MB) were queried on YouTube. The first 50 videos for each search term were examined. The videos were rated using our novel Gynecomastia Surgery Specific Score to measure gynecomastia-specific information, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to measure understandability and actionability, and the Global Quality Scale to measure general quality. The most common upload source was a board-certified plastic surgeon (35%), and content category was surgery techniques and consultations (51%). Average scores for the Global Quality Scale (x̄ = 2.25), Gynecomastia Surgery Specific Score (x̄ = 3.50), and PEMAT Actionability (x̄ = 44.8%) were low, whereas PEMAT Understandability (x̄ = 77.4%) was moderate to high. There was no difference in all scoring modalities between the GS and MB groups. Internationally uploaded MB videos tended to originate from Asian countries, whereas GS videos tended to originate from non-US Western countries. Patient uploaders had higher PEMAT Actionability scores than plastic surgeon uploaders. The quality and amount of gynecomastia-specific information in GS videos on YouTube are low and contain few practical, take-home points for patients. However, understandability is adequate. Plastic surgeons and professional societies should strive to create high-quality medical media on platforms such as YouTube.

Self-management of diabetes in adolescence: experience of Portuguese young adults and their parents

Objective To identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the construction of autonomy in adolescence through the experience of young adults with type-1 diabetes and their parents. Methods This was a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study. Two focus group interviews were conducted: one with nine young adults who were experts in managing their illness and the other with seven parents. Thematic and categorical content analysis was used for data analysis, with particularities of a focus group interview and the use of the NVIVO 12 software. Results Two major categories and ten subcategories related to factors that facilitated (support systems, knowledge, diet, insulin pump, early responsibility for managing therapy, and characteristics of young people) and hindered (therapeutic regimen, stigma, attitude of health professionals, characteristics of young people, and knowledge) the development of autonomy in disease management emerged. Conclusion Autonomy in the management of diabetes involves several challenges for adolescents, which requires adaptation of attitudes and interventions by professionals. In addition to the traditional management of the health condition, addressing issues related to the socialization of adolescents is essential, looking for innovative strategies that promote coping and quality of life. The results of this study make it possible to reflect on the therapeutic relationship with adolescents, emphasizing the importance of individualizing care and innovative responses to their specific needs.

The Mobilizing Power of Visual Media Across Stages of Social-Mediated Protests

ABSTRACT The popularity of camera phones, the availability of photo-editing apps, and the rise of visually oriented social media platforms have made it convenient for citizens to produce and circulate visual content in contentious politics. While scholars have increasingly recognized the role of visuals in mobilizing social-mediated protests, how different types of visuals affect message engagement across different stages of protests remains underexplored. For this study, we analyzed approximately ten million tweets from Twitter for three social-mediated protests (Black Lives Matter, Stop Asian Hate, and Women’s March). We found that posts with images and videos generally attracted more audience engagement than their textual counterparts. Unpacking the role of visual media across different modalities and stages of social-mediated protests, we found that the superior effects of visuals were generally more pronounced during the ignition phase of the protest than the periods before and after. By applying unsupervised image clustering on millions of protest visuals, we systematically established four common visual content categories: crowd-based protest photos, non-crowd-protest human photos, non-human photos, and non-photograph visuals. We revealed heterogeneous effects on audience engagement across content categories and protests, and explored these categories through qualitative analysis of most-engaged visuals. These findings enrich our understanding of the mobilizing power of visual media in social movements and shed light on effective communication strategies regarding social inequalities.

A multidimensional comparative study of help-seeking messages on Weibo under different stages of COVID-19 pandemic in China.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people posted help-seeking messages on Weibo, a mainstream social media in China, to solve practical problems. As viruses, policies, and perceptions have all changed, help-seeking behavior on Weibo has been shown to evolve in this paper. We compare and analyze the help-seeking messages from three dimensions: content categories, time distribution, and retweeting influencing factors. First, we crawled the help-seeking messages from Weibo, and successively used CNN and xlm-roberta-large models for text classification to analyze the changes of help-seeking messages in different stages from the content categories dimension. Subsequently, we studied the time distribution of help-seeking messages and calculated the time lag using TLCC algorithm. Finally, we analyze the changes of the retweeting influencing factors of help-seeking messages in different stages by negative binomial regression. (1) Help-seekers in different periods have different emphasis on content. (2) There is a significant correlation between new daily help-seeking messages and new confirmed cases in the middle stage (1/1/2022-5/20/2022), with a 16-day time lag, but there is no correlation in the latter stage (12/10/2022-2/25/2023). (3) In all the periods, pictures or videos, and the length of the text have a significant positive effect on the number of retweets of help-seeking messages, but other factors do not have exactly the same effect on the retweeting volume. This paper demonstrates the evolution of help-seeking messages during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in three dimensions: content categories, time distribution, and retweeting influencing factors, which are worthy of reference for decision-makers and help-seekers, as well as provide thinking for subsequent studies.

Mapping the Field: A Content Analysis of Marketable NCAA Athletes’ Social Media Self-Presentation

The following study applies the framework of self-presentation theory to examine one year of posts ( n = 1064) from the TikTok and Instagram accounts of 18 highly marketable NCAA athletes. A content analysis was used to examine differences by platform, gender, and content type following the approval of NIL compensation for collegiate athletes. Findings revealed significant differences between male and female athletes regarding the type of content posted, prevalent self-presentation themes, and engagement. Male athletes were found to post more frontstage athletic performance content and backstage marketable lifestyle content than female athletes. In contrast, female athletes posted more backstage content in the attractive appearance category, which also was the category with the highest engagement from audiences. Additionally frontstage content in athletic performance content categories was more prevalent on Instagram, while backstage content appeared more frequently on TikTok. These findings advance our understanding of athletes’ social media platform use and are in line with traditional media presentations of gender and sport.