Content Analysis Of Policy Research Articles

Application of the One Health Surveillance (OHS) Matrix to Evaluate the Disease Surveillance Systems in Gujarat, India: A Policy Content Analysis.

An effective disease surveillance system can detect outbreaks of emerging zoonotic diseases early and allow the system to respond immediately and control the epidemic. Gujarat is a western Indian state with a population of more than 65million humans and 26million livestock, and it has the respective surveillance systems under the Department of Health & Family Welfare for humans and the Department of Animal Husbandry for animals. A veterinarian is placed on establishing cross-sectoral collaborations between these systems, but the joint collaborative activities and their effect on the early warning response are least understood. This provides an opportunity to conduct a secondary policy content analysis study using the One Health Surveillance Matrix (OHSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of collaboration among human-animal disease surveillance systems for zoonotic disease in Gujarat, India. This study findings highlight a few gaps in the human health surveillance system, such as data sharing, sampling, outreach to decision-makers, and external communication, while the animal health surveillance system exhibits deficiencies in the data dissemination to decision-makers, management and storage of data analysis, interpretation of data, and external communication as per the OHSM evaluation. Despite major differences, there is a possibility of developing the One Health Surveillance system in Gujarat, India which is profoundly documented in this study.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and scholarly publishing ethics: A content analysis of journal policies

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have received significant attention since the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022. People are experimenting with AI technologies in different aspects of daily life, including the use of AI tools in the scholarly writing process. Researchers and journal publishers are debating the impact of AI technologies on the quality and accountability of scholarly works. Indeed, scholarly journals play an important role in the dissemination of research and should be advising authors on the appropriate and acceptable use of AI technologies in scholarly publishing. Yet very few studies have examined how journals are providing AI-related guidance to authors. This work-in-progress (WIP) research explores how scholarly journals advise authors about the use of AI in the scholarly writing process by conducting a content analysis of journal policies. Specifically, the study sample was comprised of the top 20 journals, identified using journal metrics provided by Google Scholar in the following subject areas: STEM, humanities, literature & arts, social sciences, and library and information sciences. Policies from these 80 journals were collected from publicly available websites and then examined in August 2024 to assess how journals are currently providing AI-related guidance to authors. The guiding research questions and content analysis focused on the following aspects: 1) The presence or absence of AI in the journal policy; 2) Definition / examples of AI; 3) Guidance on the use of AI for authors; 4) Guidelines about AI for peer reviewers. In this WIP poster, preliminary findings from the content analysis are presented.

Privacy Policies in Public Libraries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: Open Doors, Closed Windows

In an era dominated by digital technologies and the exponential growth of data, safeguarding personal privacy is more crucial than ever. This research investigates the privacy policies of public libraries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, aiming to understand the extent to which these policies protect patrons' privacy rights regarding openness and restrictions. The study employs a qualitative method using structured content analysis of policy documents available through the official websites of the selected public libraries. This study will report coding results to indicate how public libraries in GCC countries address patron and user privacy, including exemptions to established laws and authorities’ protection. This research aims to contribute to the broader discussion on the region's privacy rights and data protection. The findings of this study will provide insights into current privacy practices and identify areas for improvement. The implications of this research will support recommendations for policymakers and the Ministries of Culture in GCC countries.

The Balance Between Gatekeeper Rules and Free Speech in the EU under the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act

Purpose: This article investigates the intricate balance between free speech and content restrictions within the frameworks of the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). It delves into the duties of 'gatekeepers' under the DMA, the challenges of content moderation, and the delicate equilibrium between fostering open communication and curbing harmful material. The primary aim is to contribute to the ongoing debate on digital platform regulation, particularly focusing on the gatekeeper designation under the DMA and its potential to enhance freedom of speech while mitigating excessive compliance and censorship. Methodology: The study employs a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory landscape and its implications. It includes a literature review of academic journals, legal documents, and policy papers; in-depth document analysis of the DMA and DSA; case studies of landmark decisions such as GS Media and Delfi AS v. Estonia; interviews with key stakeholders; a survey of platform users; comparative analysis with other jurisdictions; policy impact assessment; and content analysis of platform policies. The research adheres to ethical guidelines, ensuring informed consent and data protection. Findings: The findings reveal that the DMA's gatekeeper rules have the potential to significantly enhance freedom of speech by curbing platform dominance, promoting content diversity, and encouraging transparent content moderation. However, the risk of over-compliance leading to the suppression of free speech is also identified. The study highlights the importance of independent oversight, clear platform guidelines, and continuous dialogue among stakeholders to maintain a balance between open markets and free speech. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This article offers a novel perspective on how the DMA's gatekeeper designation improves freedom of speech while avoiding excessive censorship. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, digital platforms, and civil society organizations, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to content moderation that respects users' rights. The article also underscores the importance of ongoing review and adaptation of regulations to address the evolving digital landscape, thereby contributing to the development of a safer, more competitive, and fairer online environment.

Progress and challenges in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction at sub-national levels: insights from Aceh, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Common gaps in the current reporting system regarding the progress of meeting the targets Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) implementation in low- and middle-income countries include (1) systematic bias towards central governments’ interests and narratives; (2) reports suffer from lack of independent process committed to evidence-based reporting; (3) progress reports do not reflect adequate aggregation of progress from sub-national levels. This research focuses on assessing the progress of SFDRR implementation at sub-national levels in Aceh province, Indonesia – the place where Indian Ocean Tsunamis killed around 170,000 people on Boxing Day 2004. The authors combined key informant interviews and content analysis of policy documents to collect evidence of the progress in the four SFDRR priorities for action. Two case villages in Aceh demonstrated challenges and opportunities at local levels. Findings suggest gaps in SFDRR implementation include a lack of deliberation of risk assessment and knowledge dissemination, discontinuity of regional DRR forums, lack of incentives for mitigation and shared commitments, and responsibility. Progress at village levels is equally challenging due to the lack of funding allocation, discontinuity of village-level preparedness, and lack of adoption of sustainable recovery and community participation. In summary, since the progress of implementing DRR across four priority areas of the SFDRR in Aceh is not optimal, Aceh authorities (e.g. provincial and district secretariats), provincial and district Disaster Management (DM) Agencies, and other relevant DM actors need to comprehensively improve DRR across all four Priorities for Action of the framework in the province.

Topic identification and content analysis of internet medical policies under the background of Healthy China 2030.

This study aims to analyse the content of internet medical policies, grasp the inherent laws of the development of internet medical policies and provide references for improving the policy system. On the basis of web crawler technology, 436 internet medical policies issued by the central and local governments after the Healthy China Strategy was proposed were collected. The BERTopic model was used to extract topics, and a comprehensive analysis of China's internet medical policy texts was conducted through the analysis of topic content, topic hierarchy and topic clusters. A total of 27 topics were identified in China's internet medical policies, mainly focussing on five topic clusters: medical service regulation, elderly nursing and children's healthcare using traditional Chinese medicine, user safety guarantees, health education and communication and infectious disease treatment and recovery guidance. Different topic contents play a role in promoting the comprehensive and standardized development of internet medical services. However, there is still room for further improvement in policy integrity, consideration of multiple types of users, and implementation effectiveness. Continuous efforts are needed to optimize the effectiveness of policies.

Understanding the evolution of competing institutional logics in the marketization of care: A stage model analysis of Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme

This study explores the marketization of healthcare through a stage model analysis, focusing on Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). By employing mixed methods, including sentiment and frequency analysis as well as qualitative content analysis of policy documents and media coverage, we trace the NDIS's evolution and the interplay of competing social welfare and market logics over time. Our findings underline that the evolution and interplay between competing institutional logics follow a stage model of institutional change, detailing pre-emergence, orientation, contestation, consolidation, and normalization phases. Additionally, we observe a shift in dominant institutional logics across different stages, demonstrating the critical role of media and public sentiment in shaping discourse about the marketization of care, which intertwines with policy decision-making. Our findings emphasize the importance of adaptive engagement and communication strategies by policymakers to avoid marginalizing vulnerable groups as institutional logics evolve, especially in the latter stages of the process when a dominant logic has emerged. The study highlights the complex dynamics of institutional change and offers insights for both researchers and practitioners in the healthcare sector, shedding light on the coevolution of competing logics in the policy development and implementation process.

Planning for Sustainable Agri-Food Production: Factual or Fictional? An Example from Iceland

The concept of sustainability has been widely recognized as a pivotal objective for future growth. Therefore, it is imperative to incorporate the principles of sustainability into policies and plans, particularly in land use and agri-food production, sectors often associated with negative environmental impacts. Addressing all three pillars of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social—is essential, within the contexts of agri-food production and land use. Consequently, sustainable rural development is also critical. This study utilizes Iceland as a case to examine whether and how sustainability goals are translated from national policies to municipal plans, which represent the governance level closest to implementation. The research employs content analysis of national policies and municipal plans, utilizing grounded theory to code the content. The findings indicate that while the concept of sustainability is embedded in Icelandic policies and goals, there is a tendency to overlook the economic and social dimensions. Additionally, the study reveals a limited application of sustainability principles in rural development and agri-food production. Recognizing the “wicked” nature of sustainability, which complicates its implementation, is crucial for advancing from goal setting to effective action.

Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in Health and Well-Being Policy Documents Relevant to Children and Young People in Ireland.

Children and young people constitute a structurally vulnerable group who often experience specific barriers when trying to exercise their rights, including the right to health. The aim of this study was to examine core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in a sample of national health and well-being policy documents relevant to children and young people in Ireland. Using EquiFrame, a validated policy content analysis tool, 3 policy documents were analysed in relation to their commitment to 21 core concepts of human rights and inclusion of 13 vulnerable groups. The Overall Summary Ranking of each policy varied: 'Better Outcomes, Brighter Futures'-Moderate, 'Sláintecare'-Moderate, and the 'Wellbeing Policy Statement'-Low. Across all three documents, Core Concept Coverage was high while Core Concept Quality was low. The findings demonstrate that these documents cover a wide range of human rights but fail to provide specific policy actions to address human rights or an intention to monitor human rights.

Constructing a Socio-Legal Framework Proposal for Governing Large Language Model Usage and Application in Education

Due to the fast-changing environments caused by artificial intelligence development, the socio-technical challenge in contemporary educational systems focuses on the need for more regulative measures guiding system stakeholders’ behavior. In fulfilling the present legal gap, enacted soft law regulation has been laid out, and a detailed systematic literature review was conducted in the paper presented. The specific methodological approach was selected to deal with two crucial research tasks: to reveal and recommend fundamental governing mechanisms regarding the use and application of generative artificial intelligence; more precisely, large language models in educational systems. Three systematically guided layers of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of central policy, legislation, and regulatory mechanisms in governing AI in education were extracted from the 142 Scopus Database and Web of Science research papers analyzed and presented. These research findings benefit policymakers, regulatory and legislative bodies, and agencies in constructing governing frames for using and applying generative artificial intelligence in education.

232 - Fathers’/male partner’s representation in breastfeeding policies: A content analysis of Australian and global infant feeding policies

232 - Fathers’/male partner’s representation in breastfeeding policies: A content analysis of Australian and global infant feeding policies

Inclusion of people with disabilities in Chilean health policy: a policy analysis

BackgroundAround 18% of the population in Chile has disabilities. Evidence shows that this population has greater healthcare needs, yet they face barriers to accessing healthcare due to health system failures. This paper aims to assess the inclusion of people with disabilities in health policy documents and to explore the perceptions of key national stakeholders regarding the policy context, policy processes, and actors involved.MethodsA policy content analysis was conducted of 12 health policy documents using the EquiFrame framework, adapted to assess disability inclusion. Documents were reviewed and rated on their quality of commitment against 21 core concepts of human rights in the framework. Key national stakeholders (n = 15) were interviewed, and data were thematically analysed under the Walt and Gilson Policy Analysis Triangle, using NVivo R1.ResultsCore human rights concepts of disability were mentioned at least once in nearly all health policy documents (92%). However, 50% had poor policy commitments for disability. Across policies, Prevention of health conditions was the main human rights concept reflected, while Privacy of information was the least referenced concept. Participants described a fragmented disability movement and health policy, related to a dominant biomedical model of disability. It appeared that disability was not prioritized in the health policy agenda, due to ineffective mainstreaming of disability by the Government and the limited influence and engagement of civil society in policy processes. Moreover, the limited existing policy framework on disability inclusion is not being implemented effectively. This implementation gap was attributed to lack of financing, leadership, and human resources, coupled with low monitoring of disability inclusion.ConclusionsImprovements are needed in both the development and implementation of disability-inclusive health policies in Chile, to support the achievement of the right to healthcare for people with disabilities and ensuring that the health system truly “leaves no one behind”.

Content Analysis of Dividend Distribution Policy of Indian Listed Companies

Content Analysis of Dividend Distribution Policy of Indian Listed Companies

Policy text analysis of antimicrobial resistance governance in China: A focus on national-level policies

ObjectiveTo explore the structure and characteristics of China's national policies regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) governance. MethodThis research constitutes a quantitative content analysis of AMR policies issued by the central government from 2004 to 2023. A systematic search identified 112 policy documents, which were analysed using a three-dimensional framework. This framework included policy objectives, policy instruments (The supply-focused instrument aims to promote rational and prudent antibiotic prescriptions. The demand-focused instrument affects consumer use of antibiotics, either directly or indirectly. The environment-focused instrument provides a favourable and systematic policy environment for the prudent use of antibiotics.) and policy evolvement. Sub-themes under the framework were identified through a deductive process, followed by descriptions of frequency distributions of the sub-themes and categories. ResultsThe majority of policy documents originated from individual governmental departments, with only 8 (7.14%) being jointly issued. The National Health Commission (NHC) remained the predominant policy maker, issuing 56 (48.21%) policies. A clear preference emerged for utilizing environment-focused policy instruments (69.70%), compared with the demand-focused (18.45%) and supply-focused (11.85%) instruments. 'Optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines' ranked on top of the policy objectives, with 185 (31.25%) citations extracted across 74 (30.58%) policy documents. In addition to increasing numbers of policies over the three stages (2004–2011, 2012–2015, 2016–2023) of development, the use of various instruments became more comprehensive and balanced in the third stage. ConclusionsAMR governance has become increasingly comprehensive in China, despite a deficit in inter-sectoral collaborations. A whole-of-government approach is required to maximize the value of various policy initiatives.

Can China's energy policies achieve the "dual carbon" goal? A multi-dimensional analysis based on policy text tools

AbstractThe continuous increase in global temperatures and frequency of extreme weather events underscore the urgency of achieving "dual carbon" goals. Systematically examining the textual characteristics of energy policies under the "dual carbon" framework, synthesizing the implementation pathways of "dual carbon" initiatives contribute to enhancing comprehension, execution, and optimisation of these policies. This study selecting 409 energy policies under the "dual carbon" goals issued by the central government, the State Council, and ministries from 1992 to 2022 as samples, using policy econometrics and content analysis methods, external characteristics of energy policies including publication time, publication type, and publication subject were analysed. Multidimensional content analysis was conducted for policy tools, objectives, and participants. The implementation path of the "dual carbon" goals was summarised. The study found that China's energy policy under "dual carbon" target has undergone four development stages before and after the release of the energy policy, and energy policy system has been continuously supplemented and improved. Various energy policy tools, diverse policy participants, and policy objectives are of concern and focus. From the "tool-subject-target" perspective, six paths for the implementation of "double carbon" targets in China's energy field are summarised. The energy policy under the "dual carbon" goal has problems such as lack of laws and regulations, over-use of environmental policy tools, uneven distribution in the internal segmentation of policy tools, insufficient involvement of market players and the public, and insufficient attention to the reform of energy systems and mechanisms and the goal of establishing energy-saving and low-carbon concepts.

The climate change adaptation readiness of co‐operative housing in Nova Scotia, Canada

AbstractClimate adaptation policy in Canada is emerging in the context of another major challenge: the diminishing availability of affordable housing. Housing is a well‐known driver of social vulnerability to environmental risks, so as governments respond to these challenges, it will be essential to understand how housing is being situated within adaptation, particularly with respect to differences in housing tenure and how decisions around equity and social vulnerability are factored into planning and policy processes. This research examines how adaptation plans and policies in Nova Scotia are addressing the needs of the non‐profit co‐operative housing sector and assesses the adaptation readiness of housing co‐operatives in the province. Two methods are employed: a systematic content analysis of municipal and provincial climate policy documents, and interviews with key informants across the co‐operative housing sector and government agencies. Using a modified adaptation readiness framework, we consider the potential for co‐operative adaptation and complimentary public policy to address vulnerability at the intersection of housing and climate change. Findings indicate that non‐market forms of tenure have been largely neglected by adaptation planners and state policymakers. Several barriers which contribute to a low level of adaptation readiness for co‐ops are highlighted, notably a lack of usable science and funding to facilitate adaptation. Characteristics such as affordability and a propensity for collective action position housing co‐ops to be agents of equitable and systemic adaptation, but this potential will only be realized in Canada if key barriers are overcome through targeted governmental rt for non‐profit housing organizations.

Education for Sustainable Development – Securitization in International, National and Local Settings? A Critical Study of Environmental Security in Policies, Education Reforms and Teaching Practices in Sweden

Abstract The study focused on environmental security in relation to international and national aims of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to explore if ESD can be understood as being part of a globally implemented securitization process with national empirical studies in Sweden. The perception of environmental threats was first set with regard to international environmental agreements and, mainly, UNESCO’s policy aims of ESD. Expressions, statements and undertakings related to environmental threats were examined through a content analysis of education reform policies. Results demonstrated that the implementation of ESD varied depending on the usage of educational programs and individual understanding of ESD at different societal levels. Individual initiatives among teachers played a significant role in this process. It was also shown that securitization took place both horizontally and vertically and that securitization could be re-activated at the existing societal level although the previous one had ignored the impact of environmental threats to society.

Policy Content Analysis in Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2016 about Hajj Health Istithaah

Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population and sends the most pilgrims to Saudi Arabia. The Hajj Health Istithaah Policy in Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2016 is the government's effort to carry out health screening for pilgrims before leaving so that they can perform the Hajj in a healthy and independent condition. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach by collecting data through in-depth interviews and document reviews. In this study, Walt and Gilson's Policy Triangle Model was used as a reference for reviewing the Hajj health istithaah policy, especially in the content section of the document and its implementation. The aspects reviewed are the harmonization and relevance of policy content and implementing regulations for the Hajj pilgrimage. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out to monitor the progress and development of policies. Revisions and simplifications of the substance of the policy based on the results of discussions and suggestions from stakeholders are used as input to make improvements to the content of the Hajj health istithaah policy. The conclusion of the review results shows that the policy has been implemented correctly from the center to the regions; research recommendations need revision and simplification of the substance of the Hajj Health Istithaah Policy, as well as other efforts so that pilgrims can achieve health istithaah conditions before leaving to perform the pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia.

Comps: Content analysis of doctoral comprehensive exam policies and procedures

AbstractThe doctoral comprehensive exam is a common benchmark in counselor education doctoral programs. The current study examined policies and procedures for comprehensive exams in CACREP‐accredited counselor education doctoral programs. Using conventional qualitative content analysis, researchers analyzed CACREP‐accredited doctoral program student handbooks to determine common practices for conducting comprehensive exams.

When fairness is an abstraction: equity and AI in Swedish compulsory education

ABSTRACT The paper emphasises the need to consider the social, political, and economic contexts within which educational systems operate and use Artificial Intelligence (AI). Focused on Swedish compulsory education, this study explores whether the use of AI envisioned by national authorities and educational technology companies contributes to unfairness. Through qualitative content analysis of Swedish policy documents and educational company reports, the study employs the concept of Relevant Social Groups to assess how diverse stakeholders perceive the risks and benefits of using AI in education regarding fairness. Three distinct groups are identified, each prioritising different forms of “efficiency” as a key value—economic, pedagogical, and accessibility-related. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate interplay between fairness and the use of AI in the Swedish educational system. It also questions the concept of fairness revolving around formal equality of opportunities that separates fairness from the broader context of social justice.