Content Analysis Of Documents Research Articles

Change in the Agikuyu Women’s Local Trade on Indigenous Food Crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the change in the Agikuyu women’s local trade on indigenous food crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980 This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources .The research employed a historical research design based on qualitative procedures. The design enabled the researcher to explain, describe and give a historical analysis of the findings. This being a historical study, non-probability sampling procedures were used such as purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather relevant information. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed the main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure reliability and validity of the information. Interpretation was done within the framework of Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. The study established that the women’s local food crops trade system has not been static the colonial capitalist economic practices brought about profound changes in the economic and social fabric in Nyeri County and significantly undermined the women’s local trade. This resulted to both positive and negative influence to the dimensions of food security in the study area. It was established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and its substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the ministry of trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger

The Role of Pre-Colonial Agikuyu Women’s Local Trade on Indigenous Food Crops and Food Security in Nyeri County Before 1902

The purpose of this paper was to establish the role of pre-colonial Agikuyu women’s local trade on indigenous food Crops in enhancing food security in Nyeri County before 1902. The research was guided by two theories Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources such as key informants, archival data and document analysis. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed. The main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure reliability and validity of the information. The study established that in pre-colonial period women formed the backbone of Nyeri County's food security through their local exchange system leveraging their deep understanding on well-established trade networks of indigenous food crops that helped to mitigate food shortage. The established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and its substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the ministry of trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger

Social Interaction for Empowering and Encouraging Farmer Productivity in Kecamatan Rubaru, Sumenep

This research focuses on social interaction and farmer empowerment in Rubaru District, Sumenep, and its impact on agricultural productivity. Social interaction between farmers plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity, while farmer empowerment is an important factor in increasing welfare. This study adopts the framework of symbolic interaction theory to understand the role of communication and interaction in agricultural development. Miles and Huberman’s research method was used, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document content analysis with five informants. The research results show that positive social interactions between farmers contribute to increasing agricultural knowledge, skills, and innovation. Farmer empowerment involves providing knowledge, skills, and access to resources and supporting better decision-making in agriculture. The role of farmer groups and cooperatives in facilitating social interaction and empowering farmers is very important. Madurese people’s myths and cultural beliefs influence farmers’ understanding of agricultural practices. Field instructors need to have cultural sensitivity and effective communication. In conclusion, social interaction and farmer empowerment positively increase agricultural productivity in Rubaru District, Sumenep. Peer-to-peer education and strong relationships between field extension workers and farmers play an important role in knowledge transfer and behavior change, providing valuable insights for the development of farmer empowerment programs and sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: social interaction, empowerment, farmer groups, productivity

Media priming and immigration attitudes: Moderating effects of political ideology

ABSTRACT The present study investigates whether the amount of media coverage about immigration influences individuals’ attitudes toward this topic. It was expected that such media priming effects would be dependent on preexisting partisan attitudes. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that media priming effects might be observable exclusively in individuals who identify with either the right or left of the political spectrum. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that these individuals associate specific ideas with the topic of immigration, which they recall from memory when confronted directly or indirectly with related media content. Conversely, no priming effect was expected for individuals who identify as centrists. The empirical analysis utilized survey data, contextualizing statistical country data, and data from content analyses of national newspapers collected in six Western European countries between 2002 and 2018. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that higher media coverage is generally associated with positive immigration attitudes across all political orientations. However, this relationship is notably weaker for those on the political right and just slightly stronger for those on the political left. These findings show patterns that are consistent with media priming theory, which posits that media can activate preexisting beliefs.

Analysis of higher order thinking skills and lower thinking skill items in summative evaluation of Akidah-Akhlak learning

This research explores the implementation of summative evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (Akidah Akhlak) subjects at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta, with a focus on implementing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Summative evaluation is considered very important in measuring the achievement of the Islamic Religious Education program. High-level critical and creative thinking skills (HOTS) are considered important in solving everyday problems, especially in the era of globalization. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with document content analysis, especially the final semester assessment questions for Aqidah Akhlak class VII made by the Regional Leadership of Muhammadiyah (PWM) DIY. The findings show that of the 12 final semester assessment questions, 6 questions (15%) meet the HOTS criteria, while 28 questions (70%) fall into the low-level thinking ability (LOTS) category. In addition, 6 items (15%) did not have a correct answer among the available options. These findings underscore the need to increase the integration of HOTS in designing summative evaluation questions for Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This research aims to describe and collect information about the implementation of summative evaluations and assess the results at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. Effective summative evaluation is expected to make a significant contribution to improving the quality of Islamic education at the secondary level.

Accountable hospital governance structure rules in Iran: a qualitative document analysis

PurposeHospital governance accountability structures in Iran, similar to other countries, have undergone various reforms with different goals. The current study aimed to identify the rules and regulations of the hospital governance structure in Iran and how they pay attention to accountability.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative document content analysis study was conducted using hospital governance structure documents in Iran using the Ready materials, Extract data, Analyze data and Distil (READ) document analysis framework. 2,921 documents were extracted from the official government websites of Iran. After screening, seven documents related to the hospital governance structure were selected. A directed content analysis approach was used. The findings were finally future purification matched with the original documents.FindingsThe findings showed that documents had not addressed the inclusive governance structure of the hospital comprehensively. The medical staff organization structure is not considered in the documents, and its duties are assigned to a technical or a clinical director. Most documents addressed financial accountability. The documents did not require the hospital’s governance to have an inclusive accountability structure. However, they paid more attention to the administrative and financial autonomy of hospitals.Practical implicationsAccountability is one of the most essential components in the hospital's governance structure. It can increase the success of hospital efficiency, effectiveness, vision and mission fulfillment. The study result can help health services policymakers and managers formulate better organization structure rules and regulations for hospital governance accountability.Originality/valueThis study is the first qualitative analysis of accountable governance structure documents in Iranian hospitals. We used the READ method as a comprehensive approach for document analysis.

Intensive care unit carbon footprint: A bibliometric and document content analysis.

Sustainable low-carbon health systems are among the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) goals. The literature states that 4.9% of greenhouse gas emissions originate from the health sector. This study aimed to quantify and visualize trends, citations, key terms and countries of publications about the carbon footprint of intensive care and review their contents. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 14 articles selected by searching the SCOPUS database using the keywords 'Environmental sustainability', 'Environmental footprint', 'Carbon footprint' and 'Intensive care unit'. MS Excel was used to create graphs, and VOSviewer was used to perform network analysis. Content analysis methods were used to describe the details in each document. Most articles on intensive care carbon footprint and environmental sustainability were published in 2023 (n = 7, 47%), with the first publication in 2014. The article 'Environmental sustainability in anaesthesia and critical care', from the British Journal of Anaesthesia, was the most cited, with 166 citations. The carbon footprinting studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia, United States and the Netherlands. Minimizing electricity usage and waste generation (reducing, reusing and recycling more) can reduce the carbon footprint of intensive care. The number of studies on the subject was limited, and although none were specifically about nurses, sustainability and environmental impact are relevant topics for all intensive care staff. Nurses and other health care professionals can improve environmental sustainability by better understanding how to reduce the carbon footprint of intensive care units.

Instrumentalization of Fake News and Fake News Laws: A Content Analysis of Hong Kong Newspapers in Transitional Times

ABSTRACT The debate around disinformation has shifted to the political instrumentalization of the term fake news, a growing global trend affecting both democratic and less-democratic countries. While researchers have paid much attention to the consequences of disinformation or how fake news allegations could harm journalism and democracies, few have examined how the term may be instrumentalized to restrict press and political freedoms in non-Western contexts under an authoritarian turn. Through a quantitative content analysis, this paper explores how the term fake news is used in Hong Kong’s newspapers with diverse political inclinations. The paper goes on to analyze how the discursive uses of the term may be connected to the framing of fake news as an existential threat and to the legitimization or critique of fake news laws. The findings show that uses of the term as an attack to adverse media outlets and political opponents are most frequent in state-owned newspapers. State-owned newspapers are also most likely to frame fake news as an existential security issue and legislation as a solution. Implications of the findings as well as theoretical and empirical contributions are discussed.

Representation of Indonesian women politicians (Media analysis to G30S PKI incident coverage from 1965 to 2015)

Background: The G30S/PKI incident that occurred in 1965 is known for the murder of six generals by the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party). The “New Order” (Orba) regime under Suharto carried out the extermination of hundreds of PKI members and supporters, imprisoning thousands of people, including members of Gerwani and those who were neither PKI nor Gerwani members, due to biases and assumptions. Since the Reformation era of 1998, many historical facts about G30S/PKI have been questioned by the public. Over the past 50 years, issues related to G30S/PKI have fluctuated in media coverage. Today, the representation of female politicians cannot be separated from the negative memories of the tragedy and the militant image of Gerwani. Methods: The research questions are: How consistent is media reporting when covering the same issue in different political contexts? How does the media, as a means of value socialization, influence the collective memory of society regarding women's activities in politics?. The research is conducted using content analysis of a national newspaper from 1965 to 2015 to examine the visibility of Gerwani-related issues over time. Discourse analysis is also used to explore the role and position of Gerwani. Findings: The results indicate that the media tends to side with the dominant group, namely the rulers, and does not voice the interests of weaker groups. Women's interests are framed and represented through the perspective of men. Conclusion: In this context, female politicians receive more appreciation from society when they do not emphasize militant methods in advocating their ideas but instead focus on a caring approach. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The originality of this study lies in its focus on the evolving portrayal of Gerwani over different political eras and its examination of the media's role in shaping collective memory and gender biases. It uniquely integrates the political economy of communication, collective memory, and feminist perspectives to explore how media representation impacts societal views on women in politics.

Examining the objectives of ethnic parties: A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of ethnic party competition beyond the constraints of the outbidding model

AbstractThis study scrutinises the core assumptions of Donald Horowitz's outbidding model, which defines ethnic party competition as a rivalry between extremist groups focussed solely on ethnic politics, deeming other socio‐economic issues insufficient for voter mobilisation and electoral success (Horowitz, 1985). Through a comprehensive analysis of ethnic parties in Iraqi Kurdistan, this study demonstrates how these parties extend their focus beyond ethnic concerns to include broader administrative matters, such as social and economic issues within the local governance framework. Utilising content analysis of Kurdish newspapers and a comparative perspective, this study challenges the prevailing notion of ethnic outbidding, revealing the multifaceted strategies employed by Kurdish parties.

Workers’ Exposure to Chemical Risk in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Assessment Methodology and Field Study

This study aimed to develop a state-of-the-art method for assessing chemical risks in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The method combined desk research findings and the authors’ practical knowledge to identify major shortcomings in performing risk assessments at the workplace. Data were collected from nine SMEs across three sectors: agriculture, laboratory research, and conservation and restoration laboratories. On-site observations, focus group discussions, and textual content analysis of occupational safety and health documentation were used to gather information on chemical risks and workers’ perceptions. The developed method uses numerical factors to account for the level of conformity with regulations and the duration of exposure to support an estimation of the probability of an incident. The method was designed to enhance risk assessment practices and tackle common issues encountered by SMEs, including the lack of data for estimating probability. Feedback from SMEs involved in the study indicated that the method’s performance was satisfactory, with its well-organized information flow and supportive components being particularly valued. The study highlights the importance of effective risk assessment in creating a safer and healthier work environment for workers.

Quality Management System in Social Protection Institutions in Relation to Established Goals and Processes

This paper aims to determine the relationship of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina about quality in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution. Quality management in social protection institutions systematically, which implies establishing a quality management system, would contribute to fulfilling their function, reflected in better satisfaction of overall user needs, increased user satisfaction, and societal satisfaction as a whole. In this study, we employed methods such as document content analysis and examination. For data collection, a specialized instrument in the form of a survey questionnaire comprising indicators of goals and processes with three new scales was devised. We applied scaling techniques in collecting data from respondents, employees of social work centers, and relevant non-governmental organizations. Hypothesis testing employed sorting techniques and statistical data processing. The research results showed that the management of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina is sufficiently oriented towards quality management in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution, with evident differences in the perception of quality management according to goals and processes relative to the educational status of employees.

Content Analysis of Serious Illness Conversation Documentation: Structured vs. Free-Text Information

ContextClear, accessible, and thorough documentation of serious illness conversations helps ensure that critical information patients share with clinicians is reflected in their future care. ObjectivesWe sought to characterize and compare serious illness conversations recorded in two different ways in the electronic health record to better understand patterns of serious illness conversation documentation. MethodsWe performed content analysis of serious illness conversations documented in the electronic health record, whether documented via structured tab or free-text clinical notes, for patients (n = 150) with advanced cancer who started a treatment associated with a poor prognosis between October 2020 and June 2022. A multidisciplinary team iteratively developed a codebook to classify serious illness conversation content (e.g., goals/hopes) on a preliminary sample (n = 30), and two researchers performed mixed deductive-inductive coding on the remaining data (n = 120). We reviewed documentation from 34 patients with serious illness conversations documentation in the structured tab only, 43 with documentation in only free-text clinical notes, and 44 with documentation of both types. We then compared content between documentation types. ResultsInformation documented more frequently in structured tabs included fears/worries and illness understanding; clinical notes more often included treatment preferences, deliberations surrounding advance directives, function, and trade-offs. Qualitative insights highlight a range of length and detail across documentation types, and suggest notable authorship by palliative and social work clinicians. ConclusionHow serious illness conversations are documented in the electronic health record may impact the content captured. Future quality improvement efforts should seek to consolidate documentation sources to improve care and information retention.

The Influence of Earnings Management on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information

This research aims to investigate the influence of earnings management practices on the value relevance of accounting information in the Indonesian business environment. The research method used is qualitative with a library study approach and document content analysis. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with related parties such as auditors and financial managers, as well as analysis of the contents of documents in the form of financial reports and company meeting notes. The research results show that earnings management practices can reduce the value relevance of accounting information by affecting the quality of information conveyed in financial reports. Practices such as increasing revenue estimates or delaying expense recognition can cloud the picture of a company's true performance, which in turn affects economic decision making. These findings emphasize the importance of transparency and integrity in accounting practices to maintain the value relevance of accounting information for stakeholders. The implication of this research for accounting theory is the need to pay attention to earnings management practices within a broader theoretical framework regarding the integrity of accounting information. From a practical perspective, companies need to increase awareness of the importance of honest accounting practices and comply with applicable standards to minimize unethical earnings management practices. This implication is also relevant for regulators in strengthening regulations related to financial reporting in order to maintain the integrity of the capital market in Indonesia.

Problems of information security in the management of electronic waste

Subject. The study is devoted to data security issues in the disposal of electronic waste. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of problems and world experience in ensuring user information security in the organization of electronic waste management system, according to the circular economy principles. Methods. The study rests on the content analysis of regulatory and legal documentation on electronic waste management. The information base includes standards of the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), the Basel Action Network, Sustainable Electronics Recycling International (SERI), European legislation on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Russian standards for waste management. Results. So far, Russia has no regulations on data security issues when handling out-of-service electronic equipment, according to the circular economy principles. We propose to supplement Russian regulatory documents with aspects of information security, which will have positive effects on the confidentiality of data available on electronic media when recycling electronic waste. Conclusions. It is required to introduce strict State regulation of processes of handling information contained on electronic media. This will enhance the credibility of e-waste recycling companies with regard to information security.

Identifying stigmatizing language in clinical documentation: A scoping review of emerging literature

Background Racism and implicit bias underlie disparities in health care access, treatment, and outcomes. An emerging area of study in examining health disparities is the use of stigmatizing language in the electronic health record (EHR). Objectives We sought to summarize the existing literature related to stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. To this end, we conducted a scoping review to identify, describe, and evaluate the current body of literature related to stigmatizing language and clinician notes. Methods We searched PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase databases in May 2022, and also conducted a hand search of IEEE to identify studies investigating stigmatizing language in clinical documentation. We included all studies published through April 2022. The results for each search were uploaded into EndNote X9 software, de-duplicated using the Bramer method, and then exported to Covidence software for title and abstract screening. Results Studies (N = 9) used cross-sectional (n = 3), qualitative (n = 3), mixed methods (n = 2), and retrospective cohort (n = 1) designs. Stigmatizing language was defined via content analysis of clinical documentation (n = 4), literature review (n = 2), interviews with clinicians (n = 3) and patients (n = 1), expert panel consultation, and task force guidelines (n = 1). Natural language processing was used in four studies to identify and extract stigmatizing words from clinical notes. All of the studies reviewed concluded that negative clinician attitudes and the use of stigmatizing language in documentation could negatively impact patient perception of care or health outcomes. Discussion The current literature indicates that NLP is an emerging approach to identifying stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. NLP-based solutions can be developed and integrated into routine documentation systems to screen for stigmatizing language and alert clinicians or their supervisors. Potential interventions resulting from this research could generate awareness about how implicit biases affect communication patterns and work to achieve equitable health care for diverse populations.

The eco-social aspects of the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork

With the publication of the European Green Deal (EGD) in December 2019, the European Union (EU) has recognised a link between environmental and social challenges and the need to tackle them together. A body of literature publishing under the umbrella concept of sustainable welfare and the term eco-social policies has acknowledged the environmental and social nexus and has been characterised by six prominent eco-social aspects namely, the integration between environmental and social policy goals, their link with economic growth, just transition, redistribution and compensation, citizens’ participation, and the state’s role. However, an in-depth analysis of the eco-social aspects contained in recent European policy documents that can be traced back to the eco-social literature is missing. To address this gap, this article focuses on two policy documents considered at the heart of the European ambition of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, namely the EGD Communication and the Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy. The article applies a document content analysis of these two documents and uses the six eco-social aspects as a heuristic to analyse and provide descriptive examples of the EGD and the F2F. The content analyses of these documents reveal several elements that advance the understanding of recent EU policies from an eco-social perspective. The study provides knowledge of envisaged compensatory and redistributive measures to the groups and entities affected by the socio-ecological transition and initiatives to enhance a global just transition. Both documents also recognise the primary role of citizens in driving the transition, complementing ongoing eco-social research on participatory processes. The EGD and the F2F reveal also some distinctions in the way the eco-social literature discusses states’ role in eco-social policy-making, the relationship between environmental and social policies and economic growth and intergenerational justice.

Advocating for Disciplinary Reform Through a Systematic Review of School Discipline Laws and State Guidance Across the United States

We conducted a systematic documentary content analysis of state laws and state education agency (SEA) disciplinary guidance from all 50 states in the United States. We focused on zero tolerance policies, mandates for review of disproportionality in discipline data, the utilization of school resource officers in discipline, corporal punishment, and prevention. Knowledge of practices throughout the United States is critical for school psychologists to advocate for socially just disciplinary practices and reform. Most state laws require zero tolerance practices for weapons and drug related offenses, yet very few mandate zero tolerance for minor offenses such as insubordination or disrespect. Only nine states require SEAs to review data for disproportionality or require school districts to remedy disproportionality when it is present. Eleven states allow for school resource officers to be involved in discipline outside of high-level safety concerns. Additionally, 23 states still allow corporal punishment in schools. Many states offer guidance to districts on the implementation of multitiered systems of support (MTSS), positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), restorative practices, progressive discipline, and classroom-based interventions. Implications for school psychologists advocating for disciplinary reform at the local, state, and national level will be discussed. Impact Statement The researchers conducted a systematic national content analysis of school discipline laws and SEA guidance documents. We hope that the findings about school disciplinary laws and SEA guidance in each state will assist school psychologists in targeting their advocacy and reform efforts for more equitable and proactive disciplinary practices at the local, state, and national level.

Hidden nationalism: the nature and configuration of Spanish nationalism

ABSTRACT Spanish nationalism has been a controversial issue among scholars, to the extent that even its existence has been questioned. In this study, the characteristics of Spanish nationalist feeling are analyzed. We use content analysis of newspapers during the ‘Catalan challenge,’ a period of open conflict between the Catalan pro-independence political forces and the Spanish State. During the ‘Catalan challenge’, the characteristics of Spanish nationalism became more visible, making this period an opportunity to carrying out this analysis. The results point to a nationalism with unique characteristics, that we have called Hidden Nationalism. These findings could have key implications for the analysis of political attitudes in Spain.

Legitimacy through representation? Media sources and discourses of offshore wind development

IntroductionThe choice of which individuals and entities to include as sources in newspaper articles is an important decision for journalists, in large part because they can shape how readers understand the issue and which arguments become most salient. This is particularly important for issues that are relatively new or unknown to readers. The growing topic of offshore wind in the United States is a prime example of an issue that many people are encountering for the first time via media reporting. This issue has also proven to be highly divisive, with heated oppositional arguments being promoted by different entities. This study seeks to understand which entities are being represented in media coverage of offshore wind, and the different framing strategies that various entities use in quotes about the first two large-scale projects in the United States, South Fork Wind and Vineyard Wind I.MethodsWe use a newspaper content analysis to identify and code the sources quoted in articles reporting on South Fork Wind and Vineyard Wind I from 2013-2022, as well as the emphasis frames used by each entity.ResultsWe find that coverage varies in the two cases, but developers and political officials are quoted most frequently. As these entities tend to use frames highlighting the benefits of offshore wind more frequently than the risks, those perspectives dominate news coverage. Meanwhile, perspectives of community members and impacted industries such as the fishing industry are represented less frequently in news coverage.DiscussionThese findings help explain the dominance of certain frames and perspectives in offshore wind, and they raise important questions about which voices are legitimized through representation in news media.