Content Analysis Approach Research Articles

A critical analysis on the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting—an expert witness account

AbstractPolice brutality has become a contentious topic in both printed and social media. This has been fuelled by incidents in the United States where police officers were accused of torturing civilians during arrests. The purpose of this study is to provide an expert witness account of the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the force factor analysis (resistance vs. sequential levels) that is used internationally to measure the appropriate force allowed in each situation. It further measures the force factor analysis against the different regulatory frameworks that provide oversight of the use of force by law enforcement agencies. A hermeneutics strategy was used to construct a criminological view of the incident. An inductive conventional content analytical approach was used for the subjective interpretation of text data content through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns. The finding indicates that the Resistance Force Comparative Scale is only effective if consideration is given to other environmental dynamics that have an impact on the situation at hand. The effects of prisoner resistance on the severity of force used by correctional staff members are explored, along with implications and recommendations.

Healthcare Providers' Perspectives on Autistic Adolescents Transitioning to Independent Driving.

Licensure is an option for some autistic adolescents and families that increases mobility by enabling independent travel to employment, school, and social activities. The objective of this study was to identify current strategies used by healthcare providers (HCPs) in their guidance to autistic adolescents and families on the transition to independent driving. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 HCPs. The team's previous research, literature review and expert feedback informed the development of the interview guide. A content analysis approach was used in the coding of transcripts, nine of which were double coded. Study team members reviewed coded transcripts, provided and discussed narrative summaries, and identified themes. Interviews were conducted with physicians, social workers, psychologists, therapist and a nurse practitioner. HCP identified their perceptions of autistic adolescents' strengths and weaknesses to be addressed in their individualized approaches. They described using clinical interactions as time to address licensure and driving, but also referred to specialists as needed. HCPs described using existing resources, but also provided a wish list of future resources. HCPs use an individualized approach for guidance in the transition to independent driving, considering the unique needs of autistic adolescent patients and families. These HCPs identified a clear need for tailored resources and guidance they can use in support of independent driving when appropriate for their patients and families.

Analysis of the Conceptualization of Quality in Spanish Educational Legislation

<p style="text-align:justify">Since the 1990s, there has been a global trend in the search for quality in school systems that have materialized in the educational policies of the most developed countries. This article analyzes the treatment given to the concept of quality in the educational reforms approved in the last fifty years in Spain. The objectives of this study were: (a) to analyze the presence and recurrence of the term ‘quality’ in each of the laws and (b) to identify the factors associated with quality in these laws. To respond to these objectives, a bibliographic study was carried out using a content analysis approach to the texts of the different laws, as well as a review of the existing literature on the subject in question. It was, therefore, an eminently qualitative research approach. Among the findings found, it is worth highlighting the high presence of the term ‘quality’ in the legislative texts analyzed since the beginning of the new millennium, as well as a continuity in the educational reforms of evaluation policies of the educational system in coherence with the demands produced by supranational organizations at a global level.</p>

Analysis of Underlying Factors in Financial Neglect and Abuse in Older Adults: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Objectives: To analyze underlying factors in financial neglect and abuse to enhance understanding and inform interventions that can protect the financial well-being of older adults. Design: A qualitative content analysis approach. Setting(s): Borujen, Shahrekord, Iran. Participants: A sample of 15 older adults (8 females and 7 males) aged 60 and above was selected through a purposeful sampling method from healthcare centres in Borujen, based on specific inclusion criteria. Outcome measures: Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth individual face-to-face interviews. Results: The findings displayed one overarching category, which is lost property, along with four subcategories, including forced reluctance to pursue the recovery of lent money, deprivation of financial independence, distress due to an inability to recover lent money, and children’s financial evasions in repaying the lent money. Collectively, these factors contributed to older adults perceiving their property as lost. Conclusions: Addressing the burden imposed by financial neglect and abuse necessitates coordinated efforts from authorities, ensuring that policymakers and planners in the fields of health and aging implement concrete measures to raise awareness among families, older adults, and service providers regarding elder abuse. Ultimately, these efforts should aim to improve the quality of life for older adults.

Menilik Tantangan dan Strategi Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Berbasis Masyarakat

Community-based out-of-school education has emerged as a strategic alternative to improve access to education, especially for communities underserved by the formal education system. Despite its great potential, it faces various challenges, including lack of government support, limited resources and negative stigma. This article aims to identify the meaning, forms, challenges and strategies to improve the effectiveness of community-based out-of-school education. The research method used in this study uses the library research method, which is research based on processed manuscripts (manuscript studies), facts and primary and secondary data (supporting data) related to the focus of the research, namely on community-based out-of-school education. To analyze the manuscript by using the content analysis approach, and questioning the content of the manuscript with experts in their fields. The result of this research is that there are several challenges in implementing community-based out-of-school education. Among them are lack of government support, limited resources, lack of public awareness, negative stigma, lack of collaboration, and challenges in evaluation. Therefore, collaboration between various parties and effective strategies are needed to increase participation and quality of out-of-school education, so that it has a positive impact on society.

Visual Representation of Gender in Morocco's Earthquake Coverage in International News Channel

This study aimed at identifying the way of Media's framing of gender while covering Twitter official accounts for the international news channels concerning Morocco's earthquake. To achieve the study objectives. The researchers used quantitative and qualitative content-analysis approach by using MAXQDA software. Adopted in Ali (2014), where similar sample-selection way and analysis categories were used. The study’s findings indicate that Al-Jazeera account was the most publishing site to mixed images (males/ females) with a total of 22 images, whereas (CNN) account was the most publishing site to women's images with a total of 17 images. The results of image-analysis, according to the category, revealed that the most common category was “helplessness” with a percentage of 46%. The images of “weakness and sickliness” were identical for the mixed and women's images, whereas only one image was for men. This revealed that women have usually been amongst the weakest categories that were more exposed to risks in case of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods. Image analysis revealed that the means of media supports the idea that some housework tasks are exclusive for women, and that those tasks may increase in times of natural disasters. Some images revealed that women remain physically strong and attempt to overcome this disaster, where they could break the stereotypical view implying that women are helpless in times of crises.

The Relationships between the Resilience Quotient of Undergraduate Students in the Educational Psychology and Guidance for Teachers Course and Their Achievement of the Course Learning Outcomes: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine the relationships between the resilience quotient (RQ) of undergraduate students in the Educational Psychology and Guidance for Teachers course and their achievement of the course learning outcomes. The sample comprised 38 second-year students from the Faculty of Education of Kasetsart University enrolled in the course during the second semester of the 2023 academic year. The data were collected through in-depth structured interviews consisting of seven open-ended questions and analyzed using a content analysis approach. It was found that the subjects employed various RO-related strategies to achieve the learning goals according to the course learning outcomes, including adopting relaxation techniques, engaging in enjoyable activities and hobbies, and sustaining self-management by prioritizing tasks and making decisions carefully. When faced with academic challenges, especially when the learning outcomes were not met, the subjects mindfully analyzed the problems, set goals for dealing with them, planned accordingly, and took corrective actions. They also sought guidance from instructors and used the feedback in the problem-solving process while maintaining resilience. From the subjects’ perspectives, the skills in maintaining RQ during a scholastic journey involved accepting reality, reviewing and addressing problems, and continuously improving oneself. The present study underlines the importance of psychological well-being and effective guidance in students’ academic success and personal development.

Awareness of Family Planning Services among Pregnant Women in Arumeru District, Tanzania: Implications for Public Health Interventions

The demand for health literacy in family planning continues to be a global issue, particularly in developing regions. It is also estimated that over 225 million women in developing countries face challenges accessing and utilizing family planning services. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest family planning prevalence, at 24%, with high unmet needs, despite global efforts to improve access and knowledge. This study aimed at assessing the family planning services among pregnant women in Arumeru District, Tanzania. Using a sample size of 269 respondents, data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with healthcare officers between February and March 2024. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques for quantitative data whereas qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis approach. Results reveal that 92.9% of respondents were aware of family planning services, with varying levels of understanding. Education and occupation played significant roles in awareness, with younger, educated individuals showing higher knowledge. Improving awareness about maternal and child health can lead to better healthcare practices, timely interventions, and increased utilization of services, ultimately reducing mortality rates and contributing to broader public health goals of improved health equity and universal health coverage. However, cultural, religious, and literacy barriers continue to hinder full understanding. The study concludes that respondents in the study area have high level of awareness regarding family planning, particularly among younger individuals and those with higher education levels. The study recommends targeted awareness programs, especially for underserved populations, and emphasizes the importance of involving men in family planning education to improve reproductive health outcomes.

Collaborative governance flood disaster mitigation in Indonesia

The problem of flooding in the capital is still classified as a classic problem, but this problem still continues to emerge and becomes a trending problem during the rainy season in urban weather. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of governance collaboration in overcoming the Jakarta flood problem. This research uses qualitative analysis and a content analysis approach. This research found that flood management using a collaborative governance approach was running optimally, the involvement of the private sector and the community was a good and rare synergy. support from international funding sources is used with effective management with the aim of using the budget on target. In the end, this research concludes that collaborative governance in Jakarta flood management is carried out optimally but requires sustainable collaborative efforts. This research has limitations in reaching the involvement of personal actors as a source of supporting information in disaster mitigation studies. Further research requires a more comprehensive discussion by reviewing the involvement of important actors in flood disaster mitigation.

ADEQUATE ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES THROUGH PORTER’S DIAMOND. APPLICATION TO BULGARIAN NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

The topics of competitive advantages and competitive strategies of the enterprise in the wine sector are becoming more and more relevant these days, given the fact that most enterprises operate under conditions of high competition and minimal amount of resources. Competitive advantages and competitive strategies are precisely one of the main processes that make the enterprise profitable, successful and profitable. The main objective of the present paper is to examine the importance of competitive advantages and competitive strategies for the metallurgical enterprise. An adequate assessment of competitive advantages through Porter’s Diamond Model involves analyzing the four key elements - factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry - along with the roles of government and chance. Applying this model to Bulgarian non-ferrous metallurgy, which includes industries producing metals like aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead, can help to assess the competitive position of the sector in the global and European markets. The main research methods used in the development are content analysis, comparison method, intuitive and systematic approach, analysis and synthesis method.

‘Coping in practice’: a qualitative exploration of psychological resilience among paediatric physiotherapists

Purpose The importance of improving psychological resilience among healthcare workers to protect individuals, support the delivery of quality patient care, and safeguard health system functioning is well documented. While research has explored many aspects of psychological wellbeing across various healthcare worker populations, it is unclear how physiotherapists view and experience psychological resilience and stress in the workplace. This study aimed to explore how paediatric physiotherapists described resilience, how stress in the workplace affected their ability to provide services, and the methods used to cope with pressures and stress. Methods A cross-sectional, qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 paediatric physiotherapists working in the Republic of Ireland. The transcripts were analysed using a deductive content analysis approach. Results Five themes arose from the interviews. These were ‘The Nature of Resilience’(summarised many physiotherapist’s perceptions that resilience was ‘coping’ with difficulties in the workplace), ‘Challenges of the Profession’ (described parts of their roles as physiotherapists that contributed to stress)’, Job-Related Gratification’(described the aspects of the role that strengthens resilience), ‘Resilience Strategies (Protective Practices)’(described the actions and activities used by physiotherapists to cope with stressors in the workplace), and ‘Resilience Strategies (Attitudes)’(summarised the attitudes used to safeguard against workplace stress). Conclusions This study evaluated paediatric physiotherapists’ experiences of resilience from a personal and organisational perspective. This study suggests this population shares its understanding of resilience with other healthcare professions. The findings of this research highlights the necessity for additional investigation into methods used by paediatric physiotherapists to cope with workplace stressors.

Humans and Education in Islam: Optimising Multidimensional Potential for a Cultured and Productive Society

The research aims to analyze humans and education in Islam. The qualitative research method, the type of library research that is explored, is sourced from the library. The author uses a content analysis approach model (research content). This research is an in-depth discussion of the content of written or printed information in the mass media. Data analysis was carried out through content analysis, including all content analysis of the Al-Qur'an text and books related to human themes and education in Islam. The research results show that (1) Humans are multi-dimensional creatures with perception, sensation, and intellectual powers. Human potential is actualized in the form of creative works. (2) Humans are expressed in terms of basyar and insan. Basyar refers to their physical appearance, while insan refers to their psychological qualities, namely the power of feeling and the power of reasoning. (3) Humans and education are two elements that cannot be separated because humans, with all their potential, can be empowered through education and training. Education is an essential part of human life. With education, humans can actualize themselves in the form of work, which is manifested in science, art, and culture. This work is a human effort to overcome the difficulties of life.

A multimodal understanding of the role of sound and music in gendered toy marketing.

Literature in music theory and psychology shows that, even in isolation, musical sounds can reliably encode gender-loaded messages. Musical material can be imbued with many ideological dimensions and gender is just one of them. Nonetheless, studies of the gendering of music within multimodal communicative events are sparse and lack an encompassing theoretical framework. The present study attempts to address this literature gap by employing a critical quantitative analysis of music in gendered toy marketing, which integrated a content analytical approach with multimodal affective and music-focused perceptual responses. Ratings were collected on a set of 606 commercials spanning a ten-year time frame and strong gender polarization was observed in nearly all of the collected variables. Gendered music styles in toy commercials exhibit synergistic design choices, as music in masculine-targeted adverts was substantially more abrasive-louder, more inharmonious, and more distorted-than in feminine-targeted ones. Thus, toy advertising music appeared deliberately and consistently in line with traditional gender norms. In addition, music perceptual scales and voice-related content analytical variables explain quite well the heavily polarized affective ratings. This study presents a empirical understanding of the gendering of music as constructed within multimodal discourse, reiterating the importance of the sociocultural underpinnings of music cognition. We provided a public repository with all code and data necessary to reproduce the results of this study on github.com/marinelliluca/music-role-gender-marketing.

Traveling with a desirable destination: a dialogical analysis of professional identity formation among freshman medical students.

We aimed to examine medical students' perceptions regarding their professional identity and explore their creative narratives utilizing the Dialogical-Self Theory (DST). This is a mixed-method study. First-year medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS, Tehran, Iran wrote a creative narrative about their perspectives on their future profession. Based on DST, qualitative-directed content analysis and summative approach were used to identify and quantify different "I-positions" to assess professional identity formation. One hundred eighty-eight first-year medical students at TUMS participated in the study in 2021-2022. In the creative narratives, the reference to "I" was more than other pronouns (he/she/they). The use of "I" positively correlated with rank in the university entrance exam (P value = 0.03). The highest application of "I" per participant belonged to the "present I-position," and the lowest to the "promoter," which has the highest rank in the formation of professional identity. Women tended to use the "present I-position" more than men (P value = 0.03). First-year medical students have accepted their self-role in forming professional identity; however, they have not found a vast perspective of it, as shown by their inability to use meta I-position and promoter I-position. Therefore, educators must provide plans within the curriculum to enhance competencies of professional identity formation. These plans can include incorporating narration writing to encourage medical students to reflect on their professional identity.

Higher Education Students’ Experiences of Game-Based Learning - Fostering and Hampering Aspects in Virtual Teamwork

The application of digital game-based learning (GBL) methods has lately received more attention in higher education (HE). An extensive body of previous investigations has recognised the potential of instructional games to advance the learning of appropriate work life skills. However, there seems to be a lack of understanding in the current literature regarding the students’ views towards meaningful ways to collaborate in virtual teams during educational activities. The current study is contextualised by a business simulation game and examines university students' experiences through working collaboratively in multi-site teams. In that context, the focus is on the fostering and hampering aspects of virtual collaboration as experienced by the students during the simulation sessions. The study was executed among 66 undergraduate university students in Finland. The data were collected from the students' reflection papers and were then analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach. The evidence shows that students experienced fostering and hampering aspects in relation to communication, collaboration, organising, and technology during the simulated sessions. As these are all very typical to modern distributed collaborative work, we may conclude that the GBL course presented in this study provided students with opportunities to experience and rehearse collaborative virtual teamwork in an authentic work context. Our findings highlight the importance of allowing students to practice 21st century skills in an authentic, safe and stimulating environment. Simulation games provide a feasible context for doing so.

Exploring Students’ Feelings in the Initial Phase of a Community-Based Research Service-Learning Course: A Qualitative Approach Using Content Analysis

The emotional experience of situations and interactions with other people plays an important role in teaching and learning processes and interacts with cognitive as well as motivational and intentional factors in the acquisition of knowledge. In our qualitative investigation, we explored participants’ experiences in the initial phase of a community-based research service-learning project that dealt with issues of social inequality, poverty and homelessness. We were particularly interested in the affective processes in the project’s planning phase and during the first meetings between community partners, homeless people and the participating students. After completing the course, we conducted guided qualitative online interviews with the course participants. The interviews were fully transcribed verbatim. We then coded and analysed the data using qualitative content analysis approach. It became apparent that the students were particularly anxious and apprehensive about working with vulnerable groups of people. This manifested itself in uncertainty, nervousness, fears and negative feelings. Regarding the collaboration with the community partners, the emotional situation varied among the students in the initial phase. We conclude that students’ fears, anxieties, and uncertainties in the planning phase of a service-learning or community-based research project should be taken seriously. A relaxed and positive atmosphere at the first meetings can be viewed as particularly important for project progression and the students’ future learning success.

Patient involvement in interdisciplinary bedside rounds from nursing and medical students' perceptions. A Swedish qualitative interview study.

Patient involvement in the interdisciplinary bedside round (IBR) increases care quality and safety but is influenced and perceived differently by different round participants. Nursing and medical students are still not structurally embedded in the healthcare system, and they participate in interdisciplinary bedside rounds for educational purposes. Thus, the students may give a valuable perspective on patient involvement from the 'outside view'. This study aimed to describe nursing and medical students' perceptions of patient involvement in IBRs. This study has a qualitative design with individual interviews. Eighteen informants were recruited with the help of gatekeepers from two sites in Sweden: a university training health clinic and a county hospital. They participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews, which were analysed with an inductive qualitative content analysis approach. The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Informed consent was received from all participants. The results yielded five categories. Two sub-themes and one theme of meaning emerged as a 'red thread' across the categories. The theme of meaning was: 'In hospital rounds, the patient is a respected guest, but with a disadvantaged "alien status" due to the hosts' difficult medical language and unclear routines'. Students perceive patients are not fully involved in IBRs, and the healthcare team controls this involvement due to patients' lack of knowledge and vulnerability, the hectic hospital environment, and complicated medical language. Doctors lead IBRs and encourage or discourage patient involvement and nurses act as patient advocates, supporting their involvement. According to nursing and medical students, patients are seldom involved in IBRs due to multiple interaction barriers and despite communicational facilitators. Their involvement depends on healthcare professionals. Further research should investigate other IBRs stakeholders' perspectives on patient involvement in IBRs to facilitate it.

Evaluation of Virtual Education Experiences of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: During the last two decades, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual teaching methods have been widely utilized in nursing education. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of this method, this study was conducted to explore the experiences of nursing students regarding virtual education. Methods: This qualitative study employed a content analysis approach at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences over two academic semesters in 1400. Purposeful sampling included 20 nursing students from various academic semesters, both male and female. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the interviews, and data analysis was performed manually. Results: A total of 151 initial codes were extracted. After merging similar codes, 123 semantic units were ultimately organized into 21 subcategories and six main categories: Advantages and disadvantages, emotional reactions, teaching-learning process, responsibility and procrastination, motivation, and organizational factors related to virtual education based on the students' experiences. Conclusions: Given the widespread use of virtual education, it is essential to identify the strengths, problems, and inhibiting factors associated with this type of education, especially in the training of medical students. Educational planners should strive to enhance the effectiveness of virtual education.

Genre Analysis of Law Research Article Abstracts and Application in Legal Writing Teaching

Investigating the rhetorical structure of law research article (LRA) abstracts is essential for researchers and instructors in legal writing. Despite their significance in academic discourse, the specific rhetorical strategies used in LRA abstracts remain underexplored. This study examines the rhetorical moves in English LRA abstracts using Hyland’s framework. Fifty LRA abstracts, randomly selected from the Journal of East Asia and International Law and Law in Context, both of which are indexed in Scopus and ISI Web of Science, were analyzed as the corpus. The research employed a qualitative content analysis approach to identify and categorize the rhetorical moves. The study reveals that the purpose and introduction moves are the most prevalent, underscoring the importance of clearly stating objectives and establishing context. The product and conclusion move, which summarize key findings and extend research implications, follow in prevalence. In contrast, the method move appears less frequently, reflecting the genre's focus on legislative analysis rather than detailed methodologies. These findings are valuable for law researchers aiming to publish in international law journals and contribute to a broader understanding of genre analysis in legal writing. The study offers practical implications for scholars and educators, enhancing the effectiveness of legal academic communication.

Enhancing high school human evolution education: Harnessing “sapiens: a brief history of humankind” as an effective learning resource

Understanding human evolution can be challenging for students and may lead to misconceptions, often stemming from the learning materials employed. Current learning resources commonly include textbooks, images, and the internet. The popular science book "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" offers potential as an educational tool for teaching human evolution. This study aims to assess the suitability of "Sapiens" for high school Biology education and its potential as a resource for teaching human evolution in senior high school. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach, data is gathered through documentation techniques. Primary data is derived from the documentation and content analysis of "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind." Data analysis follows the model proposed by Miles and Huberman (1983), encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the book effectively addresses 7 out of 9 (77.78%) sub-topics of human evolution commonly taught in high school Biology. Importantly, the book replaces outdated terms like Pithecantropus and Megantropus paleojavanicus, found in traditional textbooks. Moreover, the book fulfills the five criteria for selecting learning resources as outlined by Djohar (1987). Consequently, "Sapiens" can serve as a valuable learning resource for high school Biology, particularly regarding the study of human evolution.