Contemporary Views Research Articles

MĪRĀTH ALMTḤWL JNSYAN DIRĀSAH FIQHĪYAH QĀNŪNĪYAH

The aim of this study is discussing the contemporary Fiqh views on the impact of sex change on transgender inheritance and discuss them. The study followed the comparative critical inductive approach. The study ended up dividing the impact of sex change on transgender inheritance into two forms; the first: if the transgender is the inheritor, then his share is the share of the hermaphrodite formed according to the Hanafi school; to activate the principle of Ta'zir by taking money, and the position of Hanafi is necessary for the Jordanian Personal Status Law. If the transferee is the inheritor, there is no effect of the transferee on the share of the heirs.

Review on Toxicological Aspect of Ahiphena (Papaver)

Ahiphena (papaver) is one among Upavisha which is air-dried latex juice obtained from unripe capsules of white poppy. White poppy is botanically classified as Papaver somniferum and belongs to family Papaveracea The name poppy is derived from Latin meaning sleep inducing. The Ayurvedic text Rasa Tarangini Included Ahiphena (papaver) among eleven Upavishas . Opium yields wide range of natural, semi synthetic and synthetic alkaloids namely morphine, thebaine, codeine and papaverine which is commonly use in medicine. Semi synthetic heroin, hydro morphine, oxymorphone, oxycodone and synthetic meperidine, methadone, levarphanol , diphenoxylate, fentanyl, proposophene. Opium and its alkaloids cause drug dependence and it is most commonly abused substances after cannabis. Opioids are the main drugs of abuse in Asia, Europe and much of Oceania. The opium act of 1857 empowers only Central Government to cultivate poppy plants and manufacture opium with the help of farmers authorized by Government. The opium act 1878 prohibits import, export, transportation, possession and sale of opium. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 includes opium as narcotic and psychotropic substances and consumption of opium and its leads to imprisonment for one year or with fine or with both. Schedule-E (1) of Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 has included opium in list of poisons. This study design to present all toxicological aspect of Ahiphena in Ayurvedic and contemporary View to treat people of opium poisoning and counselling in drug abuse.

Contemporary view on the care of the rheumatoid wrist.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory condition that can lead to debilitating hand and wrist deformity. Since the introduction of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the 1990s, the rate of surgery for rheumatoid arthritis has dramatically decreased 1. Nonetheless, surgical intervention remains an important tool in the management of patients with RA, and young surgeons must seek out expertise in this domain due to diminished exposure during their training. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the evaluation and management of patients with wrist pathology due to RA as well as surgical technical pearls.

A contemporary view on vascular resections and reconstruction during hepatectomies.

Oncological hepatic surgery carries the possibility to perform vascular reconstructions for advanced tumours with vessel invasion since surgery often represents the only potentially curative approach for these tumours. An extended review was conducted in an attempt to understand and clarify the latest trends in hepatectomies with vascular resections. We searched bibliographic databases including PubMed, Scopus, references from bibliographies and Cochrane Library. Information and outcomes from worldwide clinical trials were collected from qualified institutions performing hepatectomies with vascular resection and reconstruction. Careful patient selection and thorough preoperative imaging remain crucial for correct and safe surgical planning. A literature analysis shows that vascular resections carry different indications in different diseases. Despite significant advances made in imaging techniques and technical skills, reports of hepatectomies with vascular resections are still associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. The trend of complex liver resection with vascular resection is constantly on the increase, but more profound knowledge as well as further trials are required. Recent technological developments in multiple fields could surely provide novel approaches and enhance a new era of digital imaging and intelligent hepatic surgery.

A Desert Mirage, Myth of Detroit’s Food Desert

This piece challenges the contemporary view of the city of Detroit as a “food desert”. Despite a low number of traditional supermarkets, the city of Detroit has developed a unique web of food networks. Only 10% of Detroit qualifies as a food desert, considering these alternative modes of food viability. However, these initiatives often go unnoticed, perpetuating misconceptions and biases against the city and its residents. Detroit’s relationship with food access is much more nuanced, as the city faces food insecurity along more racial lines. Although alternative food networks contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Detroit's food access, the issue of food security persists in various pockets of the city. Communities that experience food insecurity within the city are most often occupied by minority groups. The piece highlights the unresolved issues of Detroit's issue of food security, as many of the city’s minority communities struggle with food insecurity related to a turbulent past of racism and xenophobia. This paper will examine the disparity in the city’s food security as well as the resulting health burden incurred by the city. Additionally, this paper will examine potential mitigation strategies in addressing this issues. Ultimately, this paper will determine the history and current status of Detroit's food insecurity, how it affects the city's residents, and potential strategies to mitigate any disparities in food security.

The use of Melody and Harmony Elements as Techniques in 20th Century Music

This publication is a descriptive-analytical study, Depends on qualitative method. Describes a specific phenomenon or event or thing, depending on the books and sources include examples, and analysis of those examples that are related to the innovations that occurred in the common materials (melody-harmony) used in the twentieth century, and how it was used as a new technique in music. The views of famous composers of the twentieth century are about the change in the definition of music. In their opinion and according to the definitions and materials available, today’s music expresses human feelings more broadly and appropriately, therefore, musical production is performed more profoundly. According to this new and contemporary view, the development of music is discussed and emphasizes how natural materials are used in their works freely, as well as how artistic studies and their goals are presented to humanity by finding new sound effects and how they are different from the past music. This study discusses (Polyphony), where many sounds are used simultaneously based on the standards of global western music, known as (Classical Music). This research includes Problem, Importance, and Objectives of the study in the first part. The second part is devoted to the definition, and information on several important topics, and discusses the most significant changes that have occurred in the twentieth century. The third section focuses on the elements of melody-harmony, presents the necessary information, the changes that have occurred in these elements, and includes analyses of the examples. This publication then concludes with a presentation of the results and a list of bibliographies.

A contemporary view of the mechanisms of formation of new contaminants in vegetable oils – esters of monochloropropanediols and high molecular weight carboxylic acids

Monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and their esters with high molecular weight carboxylic (fatty) acids are new types of technological contaminants present in refined deodorized oils and other foods.The development of measures to minimize the content of MCPD esters in vegetable oils, which are an important component of various food systems, is a priority direction of modern foreign and domestic research in the field of ensuring food safety. The effectiveness of such measures should be based on ideas about the mechanisms of formation of MCPD esters and the identification of their predecessors (precursors) present in the lipid complex of oil seeds, as well as those formed during their processing.Systematized statistically reliable scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of formation of MCPD esters and their derivatives is still missing. Presumably, the formation of MCPDs and their esters with fatty acids should correlate with the presence of chlorine compounds in oilseed raw materials and in the oil itself; chlorine-containing pesticides and biologically active substances (fertilizers) used in agricultural production are one of the sources.Thus, the goal of the research is a systematic and comprehensive synthesis of ideas about precursors and mechanisms of formation of MCPD esters.As a result of analysis and synthesis of literature sources, it has been established that the main precursors of MCPD esters are DAG, TAG and various chlorine-containing compounds. The main factors influencing the rate of formation and amount of accumulation of MCPD esters are high temperatures (more than 120°C), duration of heat treatment, the presence of free fatty acids, antioxidants and moisture. Different chlorine compounds appear to have different activities in the reactions leading to the formation of MCPD esters. The presence of antioxidants in lipid systems can inhibit the formation of 3-MCPD ester, and the effectiveness of the process is determined by the type of antioxidant. According to the degree of increase in inhibitory ability, the most applicable antioxidants in lipid systems can be ranked as follows: α-tocopherol, BOA, BOT, AP, PG and TBHQ. The role of the composition of fatty acids in the formation of MCPD esters still remains unclear; however, there is indirect evidence indicating the influence of the composition of fatty acids on the level of accumulation of MCPD esters, which determines the feasibility of an in-depth study of this issue.

The secret of ancient images of Lepidoptera in the Egyptian tomb of Nakht - Nabokov’s opinion and the contemporary view (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

The secret of ancient images of Lepidoptera in the Egyptian tomb of Nakht - Nabokov’s opinion and the contemporary view (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Contemporary View of a Human Lifetime in a Super-Aging Society : the “Cognitive Reserve” Perspective

Contemporary View of a Human Lifetime in a Super-Aging Society : the “Cognitive Reserve” Perspective

PECULIARITIES OF THE ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL CLEFT UPPER LIP AND PALATE AFTER SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

The article presents the analysis of contemporary views on issues of orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate (CCULP) at the stages of their orthopedic rehabilitation. Particular attention is paid to the complex orthopedic treatment of patients with CCULP, based on a careful investigation and consideration of the types of existing deformations and anomalies and, thus, the determination of the most optimal terms and options of prosthetic treatment, which will make it possible to eliminate deformations of the maxillofacial system and implement effective measures for the rehabilitation of patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the sources of scientific and medical information on the orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate after the completion of surgical intervention. Materials and methods. The research methods include bibliosemantic and analytical approaches. Results. The sources of scientific and medical information concerning the peculiarities of orthopedic treatment of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate after the completion of surgical interventions were analyzed and processed. Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the studies presented in the review confirms that the only successful complex treatment with the use of multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve the process of rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft upper lip and palate.

Reimagining Initial Certification as a Process That Begins During Residency to Support Continuous Development Across Training and Practice.

In the United States, initial board certification remains focused on a high-stakes knowledge examination after completion of training. A more contemporary view supports a program of assessment that includes multiple types and sources of data with an emphasis on direct workplace observation to get the best picture of an individual's performance. In this article, the authors reimagine initial certification as a continuous assessment for learning that begins in residency, focuses on both knowledge acquisition and its application, and interdigitates intentionally with the first cycle of maintenance of certification to advance learning and smooth the transition from training to practice. A more expanded view of competence, as a 3-layered construct (canonical, contextual, and personalized), supports this proposal. Canonical competence (context-independent knowledge)-best assessed through examinations of knowledge-is most heavily weighted and assessed during medical school but remains critical throughout one's career. Contextual competence (context-dependent knowledge) is best assessed in the workplace and is key during residency and fellowship as trainees navigate a myriad of clinical work environments. Personalized competence, representing the totality of one's unique areas of expertise, is best demonstrated during the practice years when deliberate practice experience supports the growth of personalized expertise and discoveries that advance the field. Shifting initial board certification from relying on an anxiety-provoking, high-stakes, often single moment in time standardized examination to a nuanced approach that is part of an individual trainee's program of assessment offers a more just and robust decision about readiness for unsupervised practice. Such a model would also sow the seeds of meaningful individualization of learning needs that begins in training, continues through practice, and lays the foundation for improving the quality of care for patients within a given practice as well as shifting the current contiguous phases of training and practice into a true continuum.

Madhyamaka and Ontic Structural Realism

I’ll argue that one particular argument of Nāgārjuna’s against causation in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā deserves careful consideration from the perspective of contemporary western metaphysics. To show why this is the case, I’ll offer an interpretation of the key passages which differs from at least one popular reading. I’ll then aim to show that a whole swathe of metaphysical views about causation are problematic in light of Nāgārjuna’s argument, so interpreted. I’ll conclude, however, that one contemporary view in metaphysics has the means to respond to this argument: Ontic Structural Realism.

Varieties of Revelation, Varieties of Truth—A Comparative Ontological Study of Revelation through Music and Sciences

Accounts of revelation and contemporary views of these are based on beliefs and historical citations. These accounts shall not be limited to the understanding and interpreting of historical and other events within writings but must present the possibility of an objective analysis of the nature of revelation as a phenomenon, an object of our sensory and mental conscious experiences. This paper approaches the act or phenomenon of revelation regardless of the revealer and its nature. Can we abstract the revealer and the revealed from revelation and have an ontological account of revelation solely focusing on the occurrence itself? The central part of the discussion is based on the object/property pair as ontological categories through which the means are analyzed. A comparative method is used where Scripture, musical writings, and mathematical/physical formulae (as potential means of revelation) are scrutinized. As a result, without any need to determine the revealer, revelation can be based on and described through pure properties (not tropes) in human experience, intellect, and understanding. The possibility of revelation beyond Scripture and Jesus Christ—following a type of liberal and general theory of revelation—presents itself in arts and sciences. The “true” of a musical work, when found and experienced during musical performances and scientific truths represented by the formulae, which describe the world and a meta domain, can be derived from the chains of signs and symbols as it is through Scripture. Human cognitive faculties present a universal natural limit to our direct experiencing of the transcendent, of the supernatural. A new dualist conception of logos as a metaphysical category marks the domain bridging the non-transcendent with the transcendent.

Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Society framework: A constructive critique from a climate change perspective

The Entrepreneurial Society framework occupies a central role not only in research but also in policy discourse. It highlights the important role of new ventures in instigating transformational change to meet new challenges. Yet, the framework was developed in an era when there were few reasons to fear shocks to society. The only shocks theorised were Schumpeterian and those were seen as desirable. This article revisits the Entrepreneurial Society from the perspective of climate change as a cause of shocks that need to be mitigated urgently. The article makes three important contributions to the entrepreneurship literature. First, it explicates contemporary views of the Entrepreneurial Society including contemporary critiques. Second, it outlines key conceptual challenges for the Entrepreneurial Society posed by climate change. Third, it suggests updates to the Entrepreneurial Society framework to strengthen its relevance in the face of climate change to channel entrepreneurial efforts towards a circular economy.

Using drawings and deep neural networks to characterize the building blocks of human visual similarity.

Early in life and without special training, human beings discern resemblance between abstract visual stimuli, such as drawings, and the real-world objects they represent. We used this capacity for visual abstraction as a tool for evaluating deep neural networks (DNNs) as models of human visual perception. Contrasting five contemporary DNNs, we evaluated how well each explains human similarity judgments among line drawings of recognizable and novel objects. For object sketches, human judgments were dominated by semantic category information; DNN representations contributed little additional information. In contrast, such features explained significant unique variance perceived similarity of abstract drawings. In both cases, a vision transformer trained to blend representations of images and their natural language descriptions showed the greatest ability to explain human perceptual similarity-an observation consistent with contemporary views of semantic representation and processing in the human mind and brain. Together, the results suggest that the building blocks of visual similarity may arise within systems that learn to use visual information, not for specific classification, but in service of generating semantic representations of objects.

Contemporary Views on Performance Indicators with Audit-Feedback for Bladder Cancer Treatment

Contemporary Views on Performance Indicators with Audit-Feedback for Bladder Cancer Treatment

A contemporary view of civic leadership: Understanding college student perspectives and addressing barriers of service and engagement.

Civic leadership programming can be found across the United States and allows individuals the opportunity to gain skills focused on engaging their local community, creating space for change and impact to occur, and developing civic agency, a practice of working together across differences. This work describes civic leadership understanding, an examination of Generation Z characteristics, and provides a description of the Civic Leadership Academy at one university. The results of a 3-year longitudinal series of phenomenological focus groups identify student-derived themes that set a definition of civic leadership: catalyst of social awareness and change, bridging people and passions, and developing a culture of service. In addition, they identify barriers to service and provide strategies to challenge these barriers through curricular and co-curricular programs.

Reijers, W., & Coeckelbergh, M. (2020). Narrative and technology

Published in 2020, Wessel Reijers and Mark Coeckelbergh’s Narrative and Technology Ethics provides insight into contemporary views on virtuous technical practices. As with their 2016 and 2018 papers on narrative technology, Reijers and Coeckelbergh’s stated objective is to expand a philosophical theory of narrative technology in other spheres of human lives—in this case—ethics. Starting with the effects of technology on the Covid-19 pandemic, the book traces the evolution of technology throughout the twenty-first century. In tandem with Plato’s technology of writing, Prometheus’s technology of fire, and the technologies used by Icarus and Pandora, the book argues that technology has been responsible for both the development and the suffering of individuals.

Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)

Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae)

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LAW ON AMICABLE RESOLUTION OF LABOR DISPUTES AND THE REVIEW OF THE PRACTICE THUS FAR

During the work process, numerous instances of dispute regarding the positions of the employees, or the interpersonal relations between them or between them and their employer may arise. In addition to the traditional judicial method of labor dispute resolution, it is necessary to develop independent and impartial negotiation mechanisms between the parties in the area of individual and collective labor disputes. In Serbia, these are certainly the arbitration settlement of individual and collective labor disputes, and conciliation as a method of resolving collective labor disputes within and through the Republic Agency for Peaceful Settlement of Labor Disputes. There are many benefits to peaceful labor dispute settlement. The goal of supplementary procedures, i.e. procedures for peaceful labor dispute resolution, is to relieve the traditional judicial approach and direct it to the procedures where a judicial settlement of the dispute is truly necessary. Besides the concept, advantages and characteristics of the amicable labor dispute settlement procedures, certain types of these procedures such as mediation, conciliation and arbitration are also analyzed in the theoretical section of this paper, as well as the most important provisions of the Employment Act and the Law on Amicable Resolution of Labor Disputes. In the research section of this paper, the practice of the Republic Agency for Peaceful Settlement of Labor Disputes in the procedures of amicable labor dispute settlement, both for the territory of the Republic of Serbia and the territory of the City of Novi Sad, is analyzed. The primary research data source was the official data of the Republic Agency for Peaceful Settlement of Labor Disputes. The paper is methodologically based on a theoretical analysis of relevant contemporary theoretical views, a normative analysis of legislative sources, and a quantitative analysis of statistical indicators in the domain of the research subject.