Contemporary Ukrainian Society Research Articles

БЕЗПЕРЕРВНІСТЬ ПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Today, it is crucial to shape a teacher-philologist with a high level of linguistic preparation, linguocreative, capable of teaching the Ukrainian language to secondary education students and fostering communicative education in contemporary Ukrainian society. The system of language training for future teachers of the Ukrainian language aligns with the principles of continuous language education.The article outlines the specifi cs of subject training (Ukrainian language) for fu-ture teacher-philologists and identifi es stages of its implementation based on the edu-cational program «Secondary Education (Ukrainian Language and Literature)» of the subject specialty 014.01 «Secondary Education (Ukrainian Language and Literature)» at Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University.In the content block of subject training in the Ukrainian language for future teach-er-philologists, preparatory (propaedeutic), informational-cognitive, and deepening-generalizing stages are highlighted. During the preparatory (propaedeutic) stage of Ukrainian language education for future teacher-philologists in higher education institutions, initial linguistic prepara-tion is conducted through the study of a Ukrainian language practicum, introduction to linguistics, business Ukrainian language, etc.The main component in the content block of the Ukrainian language education system is the informational-cognitive stage, encompassing special linguistic prepa-ration. In this process, students acquire a comprehensive (theoretical) discipline, «Modern Ukrainian Literary Language», historical-linguistic disciplines (Ukrainian dialectology, Old Slavic language and historical grammar, history of Ukrainian liter-ary language, etc.), and applied linguistic disciplines (stylistics and culture of the Ukrainian language, linguistic analysis of text, etc.).During the deepening-cognitive sub-stage of the deepening-generalizing stage, in-depth linguistic preparation takes place, where students study selective linguis-tic disciplines and acquire informal and formal linguistic education. The creative-research sub-stage involves scientifi c-research linguistic preparation, including writ-ing coursework and qualifi cation works on the Ukrainian language, participation in scientifi c events, and the preparation of trial publications.

CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN THE ECONOMIC SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENT YOUTH

The article delves into the challenges associated with the economic socialization of young students in contemporary Ukrainian society. It asserts that the shift towards a new paradigm of economic development, accompanied by profound changes in belief systems, orientations, and mentalities, necessitates early involvement of children in economic activities. Primary economic education is deemed a vital factor in economic socialization as it significantly influences a child's attitudes towards material and spiritual values, contributing to the overall formation of their personality. In the present stage of societal reforms and development, it is crucial to foster a level of economic knowledge that enables students to comprehend economic interrelationships not only in theory but also in practical applications. Recognizing the importance of cultivating an economic culture within individuals and society, the article emphasizes the need for humanization and humanitarianization of education to facilitate comprehensive personal development. A key aspect of this process is increasing the number of hours dedicated to teaching social subjects, including economics. The article underscores the significance of economic education amidst global socio-political and economic transformations and its relevance in enabling successful socialization of individuals within the new economic realities of Ukrainian society. As part of the broader socialization process and the formation of economic culture, researchers and practitioners emphasize the preparation of students for entrepreneurial activities. Three levels of preparation for entrepreneurial engagement are identified, encompassing worldview, advanced training in economic disciplines, and the development of personal entrepreneurial qualities, such as mobility and adaptability in dynamic market conditions. The article highlights the critical issue of preparing students for advanced professional education, which can be accomplished through specialized training programs such as "Small business accounting manager" and "Small business manager with the basics of information technologies" (two years of study). To facilitate effective learning, a combination of lectures, workshops, seminars, discussions, and the simulation of diverse economic situations is recommended.

Epidemia niepamięci. „Pomór” Wałerija Szewczuka

The article concerns the novel The Plague (1989) by Valeriy Shevchuk, in which the author explores the motif of epidemic. In the novel, the epidemic is a metaphor for the lack of historical and cultural memory caused by an oppressive political system. Presented as a form of cultural and national amnesia, it serves as background for reflection on the post-totalitarian heritage of contemporary Ukrainian society. Valeriy Shevchuk’s novel is based on historical documents, but it is not a work of literary realism, but rather a kind of morality play that deals with universal issues.

Mural Art as a Dynamic Art Phenomenon of Contemporary Ukrainian Society

The article raises the issues of emergence, formation of mural art in Ukraine, and development of its manifestations in different cities. Analysis of factors allowed to state that muralism became a popular form of art and found its admirers among artists and city dwellers. Main distinctive features between a mural and graffiti are clarified. The key positions in the formation of the conceptual and ideological components of murals and the phenomenon of the viewer’sinteraction with murals were revealed. The system of organizing various street art festivals in the framework of which the majority of murals in the country were created was investigated. Ukrainian pioneering street artists every year enrich the collection of artworks in Ukraine. Globally renowned foreign artists, whose works can be observed on the facades of buildings in the cities of Ukraine, were listed. The development and spread of muralism in the environment of Ukrainian cities were structured. The positive and negative aspects of the manifestations of this art in the architectural environment were examined. The main factors of the influence of the spread of murals on the cultural and artistic development of the country, as well asthe growth of tourism and the importance of architectural structures with murals, were determined.

Criminals, Business and State in Post-Soviet Ukraine

On the thirtieth commemoration of Ukraine's independence, the present condition of the country highlights the necessity of contemplating the historical trajectory that post-Soviet Ukrainian society has traversed. This is not merely a retrospective consideration encompassing the past and present, but also, perhaps more crucially, a forward-looking assessment of Ukraine's future. While Ukraine exhibited a sense of cohesion and significant societal integration shortly after declaring independence, as evidenced by the outcomes of the All-Ukrainian referendum conducted on December 1, 1991, the year 2021 reveals a notable departure from these characteristics (State Archival Service of Ukraine, 2013). Present-day post-Soviet Ukrainian society has become fragmented, marked by discernible social fault lines. As Samuel Huntington (1996) observes, Ukraine is a nation divided along cultural lines, with two distinct civilizations. The fault line between these civilizations, demarcating the West from Orthodoxy, has bisected the nation for centuries (Huntington, 1996). Over the post-Soviet era, Ukraine has experienced a profound transformation in the role of the state, which has rapidly diminished in its capacity to effectively manage the fundamental pillars supporting society. Throughout this period, Ukrainian society has grappled with an enduring systemic crisis. The erstwhile Soviet framework of existence in Ukraine was dismantled, yet efforts to establish a novel system predicated on principles like market economy, human rights, and democracy have encountered significant challenges. While the contemporary Ukrainian society may project an appearance of stability, it conceals vulnerabilities to the deleterious trends stemming from its transformation, which are driven by three primary factors: the state, business entities, and criminal elements.

Anti-crisis resource of memory policy in Ukraine

The proposed article considers the politics of memory as a tool for overcoming crises in contemporary Ukrainian society. In an open information society, memory is a resource of social dialogue, which provides the construction of a conventional grand narrative, multilateral communication of different groups and segments of the population, the search for opportunities for understanding and reconciliation. There is still no general public consensus in Ukraine on the „alien”, anti-Ukrainian nature of imperial and communist power imposed from outside. Political discussions continue on the interpretation of the Russian imperial and totalitarian Soviet past between the bearers of different conflicting models of memory – neo-Soviet, national-state and liberal. In the post-Maidan period, Ukrainian society is testing a wide range of mnemonic tools of historical policy related to the realities of hybrid warfare and the need to change the emphasis in the language of memory. Decommunization has become an essential step towards the dialogic practices of commemoration and departure from the speculative verbal-symbolic arsenal of post-truth. The implementation of new accents of memory policy is organically connected with digital mobility, which provides alternative platforms of mnemonic practices and expands the possibilities of recalling, remembering, reassessing the events of the past in virtual communicative discourse. The author substantiates the thesis about the ambivalence of memory policy in Ukraine, argues that the Russian cultural and informational influence negatively affects the processes of implementation of constructive directions of memory policy in Ukraine, the establishment of national dialogue. Key words: memory policy, social dialogue, hybrid war, commemoration, postmemory, post-truth, digital mobility.

ARTIFICIAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY IN UKRAINE: BIOETHICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS

The aim: Is to study the levels of influence of the Christian spiritual tradition on the attitude of medical students to abortion, which necessitated a comparative analysis of Christian ethics and the main approaches of secular bioethics regarding artificial termination of pregnancy; analysis of the results of sociological research taking into account the peculiarities of religious self-identification of medical students. Materials and methods: The complex nature of the studied issue necessitated the application of interdisciplinary approaches, philosophical, general scientific and special sociological methods of collecting, processing and analyzing information. Certain differences between Christian moral guidelines and attitudes towards artificial termination of pregnancy were found in a questionnaire study conducted by a sociological group of the Bogomolets National Medical University (hereinafter - NMU) in 2020. The object of the study were first and sixth year students and postgraduate students of NMU (N = 375). Results: Based on a comparative analysis of the evaluative judgments of three groups of respondents (1 group - those who identified themselves as Christians; 2 group - those who are uncertain with their attitude towards religion; 3 group - those who consider themselves non-believers) regarding artificial termination of pregnancy, it was found that the attitude of medical students-believers towards this problem differs from the more liberal approaches of the respondents of the second and third groups, and, at the same time, has significant differences with Christian moral guidelines on this issue. Conclusions: A comparative analysis of the main approaches of secular bioethics and Christian ethics to the issue of artificial termination of pregnancy allows us to conclude that the Christian position is distinguished by the recognition of sacredness, inviolability of human life, inalienable dignity and value of human being from conception to the natural end of life. This determines the special importance of the Christian spiritual tradition in overcoming the manifestations of abortive mentality in contemporary Ukrainian society.

The Gender Dimension of Women’s Lingual Behavior in Polylingual Families and Partnerships

The typical studies on national and language issues have a focus on macro-level of social structure. Despite the large number of available studies on gender inequality, in Ukraine in particular, the issue of including the gender aspect in the context of the reproduction of national identity has not been studied in detail. Given the postcolonial legacy of Ukrainian society, based on its status in relation to Russiain Soviet times, we can speak of the existence of hierarchy in the context of national identities, where language is one of its readable and expressive manifestations. Given the two hierarchical structures that exist in contemporary Ukrainian society, namely gender and national, the main question of the research paper is what the gender inequality contributes to changing language behaviors in polylingual families and partnerships in the context of postcolonial experience of Ukrainian society. The research uses conceptual distinction between „creole” and „native” patterns of national identity in Ukraine. This distinction is productive tool in reconstruction of interdependence between lingual behavior and national identity. The empirical basis of the research is a set of semi-structural interviews with women which changed their language in matrimony and/or partnership. The key research finding is that gender and postcolonial hierarchies tend to be highly interdependent. The research finds that factors of language change are different in the case of Ukrainian-speaking and Russian-speaking informants. The further research on this topic might be dedicated to following issue: is it relevant expectation that decreasing of gender inequality will have the effect on weakened of postcolonial hierarchies? Key words: lingual behavior, lingual fixity, polylingual family, partnership, postcolonial feminism.

Social Rehabilitation Practices of Inclusion In The Educational Process In Working With Children With Disabilities

Coming into being and development of inclusive education in contemporary Ukrainian society are analysed. The tasks of educational institutions in creating an inclusive space are defined, and the approaches to work with children with disabilities are identified. Works of foreign and domestic scholars and practitioners who studied the problems of inclusion of children with disabilities in the educational process and in the context of social rehabilitation activities are studied. Emphasis is placed on theoretical analysis of social rehabilitation practices of inclusion. A mechanism for implementing social rehabilitation practices of inclusion in the educational process of working with children with disabilities is suggested.

Discriminations on the Labor Market in Ukraine

The article found that there is discrimination on the labor market in Ukraine at this stage. Its classification features have been selected and described and the features that most frequently discriminate on the labor sphere in Ukraine are highlighted. The manifestations of labor and gender discrimination in the labor market are analyzed, as well as the categories of persons in Ukraine who directly experience its manifestations. The main problems of discrimination in contemporary Ukrainian society that cause labor and gender discrimination are revealed. Regulatory acts of regulation on the sphere of labor discrimination are investigated, as well as mechanisms of their regulation. The place of Ukraine and neighboring countries in the ranking of the Gender Index is considered. The main tasks, the implementation of which ensures the achievement of the purposes of Sustainable Development, is considered. The study found ways to overcome possible further manifestations of these types of discrimination in the Ukrainian labor market and the conditions for their future achievement

PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTARIANISM

The article deals with the problems of professional management development in the system of basic principles of libertarianism. The necessity to develop professional management and ensure its innovative dynamics is determined. The key ideas of libertarianism and their influence on the development of the management system are analyzed. Characterization of the basic principles of libertarianism with determination of the features of each principle and features of their management support is given. The need for research and management application of the principles of libertarianism is considered. The importance of development of innovative economy and adequate processes of its management support is proved. The analysis of the systemic quality of the professional management system in the context of the principles of libertarianism is carried out. The features of efficiency and effectiveness of managerial work are determined. Attention is drawn to the need for specialized professional training of management personnel of state institutions. The importance of the real action of the principles of libertarianism is shown: individuality, freedom, integrity of production. Particular attention is paid to the libertarian approach to peace. Attention is drawn to the causes of the development of libertarian ideas in contemporary Ukrainian society. A range of actions is proposed to professionalize management in Ukraine. The features and causes of the formation of a statist consensus and the reaction of libertarianism are considered. Attention is drawn to the need for further study of libertarianism in order to attract its ideas to reform activity in Ukraine.

Psycholinguistic Peculiarities of the Development of Communicative Competence of Teachers of Secondary Schools

The purpose of the article is to analyze psycholinguistic peculiarities of the development of communicative competence in the structure of social intelligence of teachers and directors of secondary schools in contemporary Ukrainian society.
 Methods of the Research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. Also we used empirical methods – the methods of observation, conversation, testing with the aim to study the structure of communicative competence and social intelligence of teachers; psychological and pedagogical experiment in a form of the research of the development of the structure of communicative competence and social intelligence of teachers.
 The results of the Research. In the content of communicative competence of teachers we can emphasize the ability to optimize interpersonal relationships in the group; social sensitivity; a set of communicative skills, behavior patterns and communication techniques; a communicative potential; the interpretative competence. Teachers with a low level of communication competence have characterized by communicative failures caused by a violation of their orientation onto the process of communication: non-motivated change of speech strategies, mental orientations and the register of speech; failure by the speaker communicate postulates; neglecting by the speaker the linguistic means, which involve the maxim of the tact; unsuccessful choice by the speaker the tone and the register of communication. Scripts of role deixis, explicit and implicit pragmatic constituents in the structure of teacher’s communicative competence were formulated, their content was revealed.
 Conclusions. Psycholinguistic peculiarities of the development of communicative competence of the teachers and the directors of schools were established: the composite assessment of the teacher’s communicative competence positively correlates with social intelligence, reflexive and empathic personal abilities; communicative competence of the teacher depends on the actualization of scripts of role deixis, explicit and implicit pragmatic constituents in its structure, etc.

РЕКЛАМА У ФОКУСІ СОЦІОЛОГІЇ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

<div><p><em>The article deals with the problem of contemporary advertising, which is an important institutional factor in the construction of certain lifestyles of individuals and social groups.</em></p></div><p><em>The purpose of the article is to identify the basic methodological principles of advertising research as a social phenomenon that can be used by sociological science to monitor the content and nature of communication processes between advertisers and consumers in contemporary Ukrainian society.</em></p><p><em>The article used the methods of analysis and synthesis of the proposed topic to clearly define the topic, determine the purpose and objectives. The descriptive method was used to substantiate the appropriateness of using the theories of theorists to form the methodological basis of the sociology of advertising. Methods of grouping and typologization allowed to form a schematic representation of the use of certain groups of sociological methods and theories in the study of advertising and advertising influence on the consumer in the focus of sociology. The method of analyzing documentary sources has helped to identify methods and theories that can be effectively applied in the deployment of scientific surveys of sociologists in the study of advertising space and its features.</em></p><p><em>The study identified the conceptual foundations of advertising research in the sociological plane, namely: sociological theories relating to the integrative paradigm of sociology, theory of consumption, marketing and management theory, the theory of social and ethical marketing, classical and modern theories of advertising technologies, publicity.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> advertising, sociology of advertising, advertising methodology, information and communication technologies, manipulation, PR.</em></p><p> </p>

New religions as the postsecular epiphenomenon of globalisation in the contemporary Ukrainian society

The tendencies of postsecularism in the social life of today’s Ukraine are especially significant in their influence on the quasi-religious context of religious worships practiced in the country. These factors erode the modernity basis of the society, and Ukraine appears in the contradictory situation of its intention to complete the modernisation process and oppose the antiglobalistic isolationism. The neo-Protestant teachings and practices are obviouly connected with the principles of liberalism and consumerism. Neo-Oriental and new syncretic religions show that they produce significant influence on spreading globalistic views in the Ukrainian society. The marginality characteristics of new religions prove the idea that their values are a challenge to the essentialistic dichotomies of the Ukrainian traditional churches. The sociocultural and political context of globalisation and postmodernism includes religious transformations axiomatically, and the impact of both on the late capitalism stage is evident in different contexts. The culture of postmodernism makes this process complicated in the countries which are still between modernity and postmodernity. The processes of ‘label change’ are important with the stress on the substitution of the rationalistic foundation by quasi-scientific teachings. The conclusions demonstrate that the very incompleteness of the modernity has led to the expansion of the quasi-religious techniques in the social and cultural life of Ukraine. The erosion of the modernity values results in spreading new religions, which became vivid at the end of the last century. As globalisation promotes syncretic and neo-Oriental religions, antiglobalistic movements are supported by neo-pagan techniques and practices.

Social Activity of Contemporary Ukrainian Society: Threat to Internal Stability or Possibility of Social Dialogue

The article substantiates the social nature of the dichotomy of contemporary postmodern society through the analysis of the social content of possible forms of social activity. Using the terminology of S. Deetz’s theory of communication, the authors substantiate that today in Ukrainian society there are three main forms of social activity - consent; involvement; participation. The dominance of a certain form of social dialogue in society determines the nature, dynamics, direction, spatial and temporal social activity limitations. The results of an empirical study on the distribution of forms of social activity in contemporary Ukrainian society are presented. Emphasis is placed on the fact that one of the conditions for reducing the social destructiveness of postmodern society is the value context of social dialogue as a manifestation of social activity that regulates relations between social groups. In postmodern society, there is a multiplicity of variations of social interaction. The social nature of the constructive social activity of contemporary Ukrainian society “lies” in the plane of “social interaction - social dialogue - social trust”. Effective (constructive) social interaction between certain social groups (especially those which have the ability and desire to influence social processes actively) leads to the formation of new social relations, that, in turn, form opportunities for social dialogue between them. This dialogue influences the evolution (progressive reforming) of the structural organization of society, which is a prerequisite for the stability of society, decreasing its potential social destructiveness (especially in a situation of social challenges).

Migration expectations and geography of post-Soviet Ukraine

Research background: Starting from the concept of "post-colonial cultural dependence" and its significance for the contemporary Ukrainian society, imaginary geography is analyzed by describing the representations of the characteristics of countries, regions, places, and people living in these territories. Imaginary geography as a cultural structure implies material consequences. In the context of this paper, it is necessary to provide representations of potential migrants about the characteristics of the host countries, including details about population and the real economic, social and political opportunities after migration. The association between imaginary geography and migration in the expectations of postcolonial cultural dependence has been hardly analyzed before.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of post-Soviet cultural dependence on migration expectations of the Ukrainian population from the postcolonial study perspective.
 Methods: The methodology is composed by two elements: a synthesis of neo-institutionalism and social constructivism. The paper hypothesizes that macro and meso level discourses in the emigration environment might have an impact on aspirations through perceptions of ?migratory imaginations? and ?geographical imaginations?.
 Findings & Value added: Findings are based on the cross-national study on external migration conducted within the EUmagine project. The findings show a strong correlation between migration expectations and perceptions of Ukrainians and post-Soviet cultural dependencies. In addition, the country represents a ?post-imperial borderland? that results in the political split of the Ukrainian society. Our results might contribute to the establishment of connections between the imaginary geography of the Central, Western, and Southeastern regions of Ukraine and their migration expectations and orientations.

ГІПЕРКОНЦЕПТ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІСТЬ У ДЗЕРКАЛІ ФРЕЙМОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ

The present study is devoted to the investigation of the semantic content and axiological characteristics of hyperconcept EUROPEANNESS in the modern Ukrainian political linguoculture. Without any doubt the hyperconcept in focus might be qualified as one of the most important concepts of the contemporary Ukrainian institutional political discourse. In the institutional political discourse hyperconcept EUROPEANNESS сomes up as the universal, status and ideologically engaged phenomenon that could be looked upon as a specific Ukrainian world-view constant, which plays a role of a powerful idiologeme in our political times and actually determines Ukrainian social and political reality. It creates a peculiar ideal and virtual space of Ukrainians’ existence, outlining the norms and the rules of the proper behaviour in the civil society both for the ordinary people and circles of administrative power in the context of Western model of democratic society. The frame-slot analysis has shown that the hyperconcept EUROPEANNESS is realized by the individually oriented hypoconcept DESIRE TO BE FREE. It led to the implementation of socially oriented hypoconcepts, such as LIBERTY, DEMOCRACY, REFORMS and STANDARDS. With the help of contextual analysis it was shown that socially oriented hypoconcepts possess the estimative component, that gives grounds for qualifying them in the terms of evaluative concepts: safety, welfare, well-being, justice, equality and dignity. The frame-slot analysis had confirmed the fact of partial lack of European realities and values in the contemporary Ukrainian society. However, for the Ukrainians they appear to be a dream and an ideal, a natural desire and a sort of motivation for the better life, which might be only achieved on the way of radical changes in the structure and axiological content of the Ukrainian state.

GENDER DIMENSION OF UKRAINIAN POLITICS

Problem setting. Modern Ukrainian politics requires the formation of a new type of political leader - a woman and a man, which combines both «female» and «male» managerial qualities. They are women-leaders who inclined to compromise, peaceful forms of activity, a complex vision ofproblems, taking into account the prospect of any decision, for joint actions with male politicians, and make it possible to unite efforts in achieving the important social and political goals of the country.Recent research and publications analysis. Since the proclamation of Ukraine as an independent state, the problems of women’s participation in the political life of Ukraine have become the subject of numerous scientific discussions, conferences, seminars, political research.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to elucidate gender stereotypes that affect the status of the woman-leader at higher levels of Ukrainian authorities. Social thinking is extremely stereotyped, and double standards are the prevailing norm all over the world and particularly in Ukraine. The origins of this phenomenon in our state reach even more primitive times, and the immediate consequences negatively affect the position of women and the development of society as a whole, including in the political sphere. Ukraine is still at the initial stage of the formation of gender democracy and the political-state system, the norms declared by it are torn offfrom the real state of affairs.Paper main body. The processes of democratization and humanization embracing contemporary Ukrainian society include the creation of various opportunities for self­realization of the individual regardless of its nationality, social origin, gender and age. The development strategy of the 21st century is aimed at establishing the principles of parity representation of articles based on gender balance and gender balance in society. The basis for the functioning of society in the third millennium should be the system of expressing the will of both sexes - men and women as equal rights, not only legally enshrined, but also really secured in political and legal principles, actions and building up public and state structures. Leading women, having a tendency towards political activity, communicating with people, speaking with the people, the ability of speaking, having great will and stubbornness, organizational skills, firmness and determination, devotion to the ideals of their Motherland, have been able to achieve high state positions, due to favorable circumstances, stubbornly fighting, became subjects of supreme power. Taken together, it is evident that a woman-leader will eventually be able to move from a category of rare phenomena to a more common fact in the political life of European society. The civilized world has long understood and accepted the need for active participation of women in politics and undoubtedly acknowledged the invaluable benefits and importance of such participation. The presence of women in politics changes its character, its orientation in favor of social-oriented programs, the ideals of humanism and non-violence.Conclusions of the research. Summarizing our study, it should be noted that Ukrainian politics is permeated with gender stereotypes, and despite numerous bills that ensure equality between sexes, we continue to see the presence of gender inequality. This problem remains rather relevant today and requires further research. It is important to determine the role of social structure in shaping a woman as a political leader; disclosure of the essence of women’s leadership as a style ofpolitical activity, as well as a generalization of the historical experience of women’s political leadership in Ukraine.

ОНОВЛЕНА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ІСТОРИЧНИХ ПОВІСТЕЙ ПОЧАТКУ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ


 
 
 
 The article analyzes the actualization of a problem of renewed interpretation of the centuries-old Ukrainian-Polish confrontation, in particular, in the Liberation War of Ukrainian people in the mid-17th century. The researcher goes deep into the vision and interpretation of those events as excessive apologetization of the Polish knights "without fear and reproach" in Polish historiography and in the novel by G. Sienkiewicz "Fire and Sword". There is reminded a sharply negative remark was made by the Ukrainian historian V. Antonovich about work of G. Senkevich, and supported by historian-local historian Ya. Novitsky. Oppositionally critical opinion about G. Sienkiewicz's dominates in the novel by O. Sokolovsky "Bohun" – works is a multi-faceted, shows how the labor masses, Ukrainian peasants without rights, "claps" became the decisive force in gaining liberation. However, there is seen the ideological class approach on the direction of artistic modeling against the Cossack elders. The story of Y. Kachur "Ivan Bogun" was seen by literary critic T. Syrotyuk as a polemical answer to O.Sokolovsky's novel. For the sake of the then goverment M. Sirotiuk emphasized that P. Panch in his novel "Rustling Ukraine" was able to clearly outline the social structure of the contemporary Ukrainian society, to convincingly show relations between its class parts, their place and role in the war. In analyzing of N. Rybak's novel "The Pereiaslav Council," the critic dared to criticize the tangible author's tendency to adorn Russian-Ukrainian relations of that time, the ideology of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, his ambassadors and voivods. The Critic V.Belyaev responded to the thrillion of Ivan Le "Khmelnytsky", joining the Soviet official vision: Hetman raised the people to fight for reunification with brotherly Russia.Particular feature of the historical story of Raisa Ivanchenko "Spilled steep banks" is a problematic field of reproduction of real, not fantasized events and phenomena, the accent on a very active participation in the peasantry's liberation war, the proof of the problem of "cruelty generates double cruelty". In the artistic modeling of the Pereyaslav Council, R. Ivanchenko, in contrast to N. Rybak, details the hetman's desire to make the tsar-autocrat to swear allegiance to Ukrainians as well as the boyars evasion from a direct answer. It was a significant writer's interest in the dramatic fate of Ukraine during the Ruin Time (60-70s of the 17th century). New aspects of the struggle of Voivodes groups for the Hetman's mace, the brutal interference of neighboring powerful powers in Ukrainian affairs, and the trial of man by the authorities included in the story of Yu.Mushketka "Getman, the son of Hetman" compared to the novels of P. Kulish "Black Council" and O. Pakhuchy “Yurys Khmelnychenko”. Good focused the problem of parents and children, the relationships of children 10-14 years in the story of Maria Morozenko "Ivan Sirko, a great magician."
 
 
 

Imaginea ucraineanului în mentalitatea polonezilor. studiu de caz pornind de la cartea Borş Ucrainean a jurnalistului Piotr Pogorzelski

The article aims at presenting the geopolitical, social and cultural image of Ukraine, seen through the eyes of the author, the Polish journalist Piotr Pogorzhelski, former Kiev correspondent of the National Radio Polonia. This imagological portrait, which carries us through the history and national stereotypes, means to bring Ukraine closer to Romanian readers. Despite the neighborhood and the presence of the Ukrainian community in Romania, Romanians don’t know their northern neighbours very well, older generations show preconceived ideas and a distorted historical memory. Piotr Pogorzhelski’s book, translated into Romanian and published in 2015 shortly after the dramatic events on the Maidan Nezalezhnosti, aims to raise public awareness and draw attention to the political and socio-cultural potential of Ukraine and the Ukrainians. The same goal pursues «The Ukrainian Borsch» in Poland, a country where Ukraine is a frequent topic of discussion in the press, because the connection between Poland and Ukraine has always been very strong, despite some historical difficulties. The majority of Poles treat Ukraine with a sense of deep affection due to family roots or nostalgia for the western territories of Ukraine, which once belonged to Poland. And yet, among the Poles who manifest openness and an increased interest in Ukraine, the image of this country and its inhabitants is due to narrow negative stereotypes. On the background of current political events and taking into the account the lack of knowledge about Ukraine in Romania, «The Ukrainian Borsch» seems to be an indispensable and appropriate tool for shaping the collective portrait of Ukrainians and contemporary Ukrainian society.