Contemporary Thinking Research Articles

As ações físicas de Stanislávski na poética do autor contemporâneo

This article contemplates fundamental questions that support the postdoctoral project The character as exercise of difference: perspectives for the physical actions of Stanislavski, which I am developing at the University of Lisbon (Center for Theater Studies). The study recognizes in the Russian “system” responses to one of the most complex longings of the contemporary actor: to make the char‑ acter, even in a dramatic context, an exercise of subjectivity. Some fundamental elements proposed by Constantin Stanislavski are Commented and revised from contemporary thinking as “baits” for the experience: a psychophysical state pro‑ duced by the ambivalent tension between, on the one hand, the attention of the actor to the fulfilment of a score of actions and, on the other, what is produced in him by the subjectifying forces that cross this same score. PHYSICAL ACTIONS / EXPERIENCE / MODES OF SUBJECTIVATION / POETICS OF PERFORMANCE / STANISLAVSKI

THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE IN AN ENGAGING AND MEANINGFUL EXPERIENCE OF THE PHYSICAL EXHIBITION

While recognising the part that digital media play in bringing about greater accessibility to artworks display and ensuring that they are more visible, this paper argues that the physical exhibition continues to be the primary place for the public to encounter the arts, as it can offer an engaging and meaningful aesthetic experience through which people can transcend their own existence. As such, it is essential to rethink now, in the scope of an increasing digital world, the exhibition in conceptual and methodological terms. For this purpose, the exhibition space must be considered as content rather than container and the exhibition as a work, often with the intentionality of a “total work of art”, rather than just a vehicle for exhibiting artworks and objects. With this purpose in mind, this paper proposes a re-reading of the exhibition designs of Frederick Kiesler (1890–1965), Franco Albini (1905–1977) and Lina Bo Bardi (1914–1992) in order to evaluate how their theory and practice can provide useful lessons for our contemporary thinking. The three architects, assuming the role of curators, use only the specific language of an exhibition and remix conventional modes of communication and architectural vocabulary, exploring the natural and artificial light, materials, layouts, surfaces and geometries in innovative ways. They considered the exhibition to be a work of art, overcoming the container/content dichotomy and trigging an intersubjective and self-reflective participation. Kiesler, Albini and Bo Bardi may all be considered visionaries of our time, as they offer a landscape that stimulates our curiosity through a multiplicity of information arranged in a multisensory way, allowing each visitor to discover associations between himself and his surroundings. None of them simply created an opportunity for distraction or entertainment. This perspective is all the more pertinent nowadays, as the processes of digitalising information and virtualising the real may well lead to the dematerialization of the physical experience of art. By drawing upon these historical examples, this paper seeks to contribute to current study on how an exhibition can stimulate the cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligence of each visitor and clarify the importance of this effect in 21st century museums and society at large.

Locke's Ideas of Mind and Body by Han-Kyul Kim

Reviewed by: Locke's Ideas of Mind and Body by Han-Kyul Kim Shelley Weinberg Han-Kyul Kim. Locke's Ideas of Mind and Body. New York: Routledge, 2019. Pp. xiv + 166. Cloth, $112.00. In the brief space I have, I can provide only a quick taste of what the reader is in for with Han-Kyul Kim's Locke's Ideas of Mind and Body. Kim argues that his account of Locke's metaphysics of substance in terms of ideas of mind and body (nominal essences) makes sense of the relation between four crucial and often overlooked topics in Locke's philosophy: "(1) Locke's mind-body nominalism, (2) his epistemic humility, (3) his functionalist account of substrata, and (4) his naturalist approach to the human mind" (4). Kim opens in chapter 1 with a survey of various ontological doctrines (materialism, substance dualism, and property dualism) that have been associated with Locke and provides arguments that none are correct. Instead, Kim puts forward a novel argument that Locke's metaphysics of substance should be understood in functional terms. Qualities are explained and known, insofar as we know them, in terms of their causal/functional roles: any intrinsic natures should be understood simply as possibly multi-realizable bearers of those causal roles. This dovetails with Kim's understanding of Locke's "substance nominalism" (chapter 2), the view that the distinction between the mental and the material (mind and body) is only a nominal (ideational) one reflecting our two different perspectives on the world given in sensation and reflection. So, "the two nominal entities [mind and body] are differentiated only by reference to their functional roles in our psychological and physical theories," both of which should be understood in a naturalistic framework (131). Consistent also with Locke's "epistemic humility," the subject of chapter 3, any claim about the fundamental stuff of the universe—that it is either material, immaterial, or something with both material and immaterial properties—confuses "ideas with reality" (9). Shedding light on this confusion between ideas and reality allows Kim to see in Locke a kind of naturalism consistent with an "emergentist" interpretation of superaddition (chapter 4): everything from motion to thinking emerges as something more than the material particles so organized and "made fit" by God for that emergence. Higher-level beings "may thus appear to be entirely distinct from and over and above the solid particles of which they are composed, but are nevertheless described as 'superadded' only in the sense that they are not contained in the idea of matter" (89). Such confusion between what belongs to the realm of ideas and what belongs to reality also leads to the perennial "mind-body problem" for which a solution is offered in chapter 5. Following Colin McGinn, Consciousness and Its Objects (Clarendon Press, 2004), Kim argues that once we realize that all Lockean talk about material or immaterial substance is really only about our ideas (nominal essences) and that it takes a being far superior to us to organize the fundamental stuff in such a way [End Page 818] that it exhibits the causal order it does, part of which results in the nominal essences (ideas) of matter and thinking, we should realize that mind-body interaction as problematic is due simply to the way we think about the mind and the body. A superior understanding of the natural world would reveal some property, in terms of its functional role, that would "enable us to see a priori how the phenomena we call 'mental' and 'physical' are related to each other" (112). In crafting his functionalist and "substance nominalist" interpretation of Locke, Kim has provided interesting links to various historical (William Carroll, Richard Burthogge) and contemporary (Colin McGinn) "Spinozist" readings of Locke as well as a historical naturalist reading (Joseph Priestley) that have not been in the foreground for some time. He also appeals to twentieth- and twenty-first-century metaphysics of the mind (Frank Ramsey, Jaegwon Kim, Donald Davidson, Colin McGinn) to shed more light on various arguments. Some may object to doing the history of philosophy by appeal to contemporary thinking. I think Kim has done a good job of allowing Locke...

Olaudah Equiano's Ecclesial World

This paper argues that Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative refashions and redeploys an eighteenth-century evangelical discourse of "primitive Christianity" in order to advocate for the end of the slave trade and the creation of an inclusive community at once British, Christian, and African. While studies of the origin of early African American literature have recognized the complex role that evangelical Christianity plays in eighteenth-century transatlantic black writing, this article shifts the focus to ecclesiology specifically, highlighting the way that Equiano grounds his appeal in contemporary thinking about the nature and purpose of religious institutions. Inspired by an evangelical preoccupation with the New Testament book of Acts, Equiano points to a diasporic first-century Christian church as a model of justice, generosity, and racial harmony. In this way, he condemns the exploitation and abuse of the transatlantic slave system and posits that a spiritual kinship that transcends racial difference should serve as the foundation of reform.

Foundations of Hungarian Defence Policy

This article aims to outline the foundations of contemporary Hungarian defence policy thinking, highlighting the factors which have shaped it during the last years. Hungary lies in a unique geostrategic position, at the crossroads of ‘eastern’ and ‘southern’ challenges. The study therefore begins by presenting an overview of Hungary’s place in the global security environment, especially in light of the instability currently characterising certain regions on Europe’s periphery. It then goes on to discuss the institutional framework of Hungarian security and defence policy, primarily concentrating on NATO and the EU CSDP. The newly adopted National Security Strategy, together with the National Military Strategy (currently under review) serve as the starting point for the analysis.Our study also pays particular attention to Hungary’s large-scale military modernisation programme, the Zrínyi Programme. Based on this, the authors identify three major challenges shaping the medium-term outlook for Hungarian defence policy. These are (i) the pressures of illegal mass migration; (ii) the challenges of transnational terrorism; along with (iii) the activity and potential for conflict among regional and global powers. In addition, the article briefly highlights the future challenges that Hungary must reckon with, including the security-related implications of global climate change, energy dependency, cyber defence, together with the proliferation of nuclear and conventional weapons.

How the World Really Ends: Adorno on Working through Catastrophes to Come

How the World Really EndsAdorno on Working through Catastrophes to Come Michael Berlin (bio) Writing under the threat of nuclear war, Theodor W. Adorno remained strikingly silent about its possibility. From the perspective of the present, this relative silence by an author who was elsewhere so eloquent on the subject of catastrophe could appear as a lacuna that confirms the charge of quietism that has hung over his work. Yet, at a time in which buzzwords around the topic of climate change proliferate, this absence appears prescient. In eschewing epochal terms like “the nuclear age,” Adorno’s writing lets the bomb stand as an absence that focalizes the everydayness of the processes that could lead to its use.1 In its simultaneous elevation and disavowal of human agency, the language with which nuclear war and climate change have been theorized works to naturalize catastrophe as a fated outcome of history.2 Anticipating the latter through the former, Adorno perceived that there were those for whom the threat of nuclear annihilation served as a sublime limit of the human that would force humanity to think of a “world without us” and others for whom it would demand a new humanism that could assume responsibility for risk on a planetary scale.3 By no means opposed to each other, these two views come together in a metaphysics that is caught between a “we” that would constitute the human and the world in which we could act. Critiquing the terms in which these questions are posed, Adorno’s postwar writing draws a connection between the scale in which a catastrophe is thought and the political possibilities that could emerge in its wake. Then, as now, Adorno’s work demonstrates that such theorizations of the end of the world remain eschatological in their attempt to find anew humanity’s proper place in a universe it can control. Adorno’s critical theory anticipates the prevalence of the term “Anthropocene” in its resistance to the idea that humanity’s domination of [End Page 112] nature is either “recent” (kainos), or reducible to a single definition of “man” (anthropos). If the word “world” itself already encodes the idea of “the age of man” (David, 1217),4 then Adorno’s working through the intellectual fixation on the world’s ending elucidates how these fantasies authorize the catastrophes that occur for the sake of its survival. Rather than trying to simply find another way forward, Adorno analyzed the twinned pulls of triumphalism and guilt that this immense capacity for destruction engenders in those who envision a global future. By drawing attention to the ways an attachment to the world can easily justify its maintenance as is, Adorno’s work asks “why the world—which could be paradise here and now—become hell itself tomorrow” not only by projecting a world in which things could be otherwise (1998a, 14), but by unearthing how they have so stubbornly remained the same. This essay begins in the immediacy of the postwar with a letter from Adorno to his parents. Folding past and future potential for collective murder into a complex of guilt, this letter points to how those who feel responsible for past catastrophes come to accept such violence as a preordained outcome of historical processes. Turning to Minima Moralia, in which Adorno identified this fatefulness with the entry of perpetual war into the rhythm of everyday life, it explores how Adorno’s representations of totality locate hope for its transformation in the realm of banal matters of fact, rather than in that of transcendent possibility. Opposed to the global scale in which nuclear war and climate change continue to be thought, Adorno offered a theorization of regression that shows that, if the world were to really end, the processes that would finally bring it about would have had to have been rationalized long ago. Against a return to traditional metaphysics at the end of the world, Adorno’s critical sociology takes aim at the philosophic resignation that pervaded German thought of the postwar and answers the work of contemporary thinkers like Dipesh Chakrabarty, Bruno Latour, and Timothy Morton. Writing to his parents in the aftermath of the Second World...

Поль Рикёр о совместном бытии людей (по страницам книги “Paul Ricoeur. Politique, économie et société. Écrits et conférences 4” (Paris, 2019))

The 4th volume of “Manuscripts and Speeches” by the prominent contemporary thinker Paul Ricoeur (1913‑2005) contains works discussing one of his central themes — the problem of a common existence of men considered from the point of view of politics, economics, power, law, culture, morality, and ethics. At the same time, the French thinker specifically highlights and discusses such burning problems of modern life as mutual recognition, the fragility of human existence and earthly civilization in general, tolerance, care, justice, responsibility for the future of humanity, for the very idea of man. In a number of works, Ricoeur expresses his views on the possible future of Europe — on its new ethos overcoming the boundaries and structures of national states, on the combination of their “identity” and “otherness” at the global level. Translation from one language to another as a kind of a priori communication, exchange of memory as a preliminary transfer to a different cultural environment, forgiveness that stems from the suffering of others and raises the question of the burden of debt, — all this is being considered as a models of integration. Originally presented at philosophical congresses and symposia, as well as qua journal publications, the highlighted problems were fundamentally studied by the philosopher in his works “History and Truth” (1955), “Oneself as Another” (1990), “Ethics and Responsibility” (1994), “The Just” (vols. 1, 2 — 1995, 2001), “Ideology and Utopia” (1997), “Memory, History, Oblivion” (2000), “The Way of Recognition” (2004). The book “Paul Ricoeur. Politics, Economics and Society. Manuscripts and Speeches 4” is addressed to philosophers, cultural and political scientists and scholars representing different branches of humanitarian studies, as well as to readers interested in contemporary philosophy.

Becoming a Posthuman Systemic Nomad Part I: Truth and trust

Abstract We live in a complex, globalised world. Everything is connected and still many of us feel detached, disconnected from other entities on earth. We might sleepwalk into a global ecological crisis and therefore we need to develop new ways of living together differently. Can we imagine an ecological response on globalisation and complexity? What difference can systemic practitioners make, a difference that makes a difference, that matters (Bateson, 1979)? Transformation in a complex system is the emergent result of interactions between its components and its environment. We can’t predict and control inter-action between al multi-actors in a complex system. We can anticipate, improvise and learn how to learn. In this article I present a theoretical framework, inspired by Neo-Materialism, that integrates cybernetics and social-constructionism in contemporary systemic thinking. The question I ask is how to navigate complexity and offer accountability about the process of systemic learning, without getting drawn into the paradoxical spiral of control. I suggest ways in which therapists may become systemic nomads and describe how to produce ‘validity from within’, remaining open to the unpredictable process of becoming in multi-actor networks of human and non-human generators.

RATZINGER E HABERMAS: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE DOIS ANTÍPODAS

No ano de 2004, encontraram-se em Munique dois importantes pen­sadores contemporâneos: Joseph Ratzinger e Jürgen Habermas. Representantes de posições bastante distintas, eles protagonizaram um evento intelectual de altíssimo nível e de grande repercussão. O diálogo entre eles girou em torno do tema da necessidade, ou não, de o Estado liberal se apoiar em pressupostos normativos pré-políticos para garantir a defesa da dignidade e a criação de vínculos de soli­dariedade entre os cidadãos. A investigação a respeito do tema conduziu ambos os alemães a colocarem a questão a respeito da relação entre a razão e a religião. O debate deu origem a múltiplos estudos posteriores. O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com esses estudos. Procuraremos mostrar que a divergência entre Habermas e Ratzinger é bastante profunda porque eles se apoiam em concepções distintas de razão. O artigo encontra-se dividido em três partes. Na primeira, serão explicitados os elementos centrais do debate que aconteceu em Munique. Em seguida, acentuar-se-á a oposição entre Ratzinger e Habermas. Finalmente, aprofundar-se-á a questão da relação entre razão e religião, acentuando de que maneira cada um deles compreende a razão. O artigo nos conduzirá a identificar a razão como elemento fundamental a partir do qual é possível pensar os dois alemães como antípodas intelectuais.

Between the tropes and pragmatics: the rhetorical aspect of Rozmowa polaka z litwinem

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise “Rozmowa polaka z litwinem” (“Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu”). This anonymous work is often labeled as “humanist”. Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. “Rozmowa” responds to, “Quincunx”, written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila “The Black”. The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled “Apologia pro Quincunce”. He refers to the “Rozmowa” without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe.“Rozmowa” consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of “Rozmowa” focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one’s political ideas.

Norberto Bobbio: do Sistema Internacional à teoria da Guerra e da Paz

O presente artigo objetiva centralmente analisar as teorias de guerra e o par guerra/paz no pensamento internacional do filósofo italiano Norberto Bobbio, além de apresentar a importância da construção de um Estado democrático para essa temática. O artigo é fundamental para explorar mais a fundo materiais pouco analisados sobre o sistema internacional no pensamento bobbiano, apesar de internamente, seus textos serem extremamente estudados. Dessa forma, há uma grande importância em função do maior destaque acadêmico concedido até o momento aos temas da democracia e paz-guerra que ao seu pensamento internacional, consubstanciando uma lacuna intelectual nos estudos sobre o pensamento desse importante pensador contemporâneo.

Queer life-worlds and the art of David Wojnarowicz

ABSTRACTThe article proposes an analysis of bio- and necropolitics through the notion of intensity in the framework of a Deleuze-and-Guattari-inflected queer theory. One aspect of biopower thus revealed is the power to both animate and deaden, to regulate movement and stoppage, to sensitivise and desensitivise. The article further argues for an alternative, more-than-human or cosmopolitical ecology of affects and affiliations. What is crucial for bioresistance is the capacity to learn to be affected in ever new ways, and art is singled out as the laboratory of such learning. The more ways an entity learns to be affected, the more connectivity it is capable of, and the more potential ‘lines of flight’ or social and cosmic refigurations become possible. The theoretical propositions are juxtaposed with selected works by David Wojnarowicz, not so much for the sake of interpretation as with a view to revitalizing and, perhaps, redirecting contemporary queer thinking and activism. I particularly emphasize the ways in which Wojnarowicz’s work can mobilize a deprivatisation and deatomisation of affects and desire. In order to effectively resist current bio- and necropolitics, I propose, queer must seek to expand the ways of being alive and being-alive-to, ways to affect and be affected.

AMALAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA MENURUT MAQASID SYARIAH

The practice of tolerance between religious is an issue that is still controversial in the Islamic world because of its connection with the question of liberalism and pluralism. Tolerance between religions is an important and effective element in the fulfillment of religious and spiritual needs in accordance with the maqasid syariah approach. This study is a qualitative research method used as a library research approach. focuses on the meaning of tolerance between religions in practice and the methods of approach to the practice of tolerance in Islam practiced from time to time. Thus, maqasid syariah interpretations in the sense and the approach used by earlier Islamic scholars as well as in dealing with issues of contemporary fiqh thought. The findings of this study can also expand on existing knowledge of contemporary fiqh thinking in maqasid syariah and the limits of tolerance between religions. The results of this study will add new knowledge about the maqasid syariah and its application in people's lives.

Biography as a Source and a Methodology in Humanities Research

This study discusses whether a biography can function as a source and a methodology in the research of humanities. Taking biography as a source, researchers of humanities can use a collection of biographical facts as research material or make it as a resource of writing. While taking it as a methodology, they manage to apply biographical methodology as a science in their research. This is not a simple issue because the 1980s biographical thinking cannot adapt themselves with the latest development in the science of humanities after the emergence of post-structuralist approaches. The approach of scientific biography of 1990s cannot adapt itself either, and seems to be awkward, and difficult to be followed up. Therefore, the authority of history as a science in universities in Indonesia needs to hold a congress to seek a contemporary biographical thinking which can keep up with the influence of post-modern approach [beyond modernism] and post-structuralist theories [beyond structuralism] in the researches of humanities. This study attempts to give some preliminary thoughts by revealing the weaknesses of the previous biographical methodology and also attempts to complete it by offering some alternative thoughts through borrowing or absorbing relevant post- structuralist theories.

Putting the ‘me’ in mechanical: lessons from the mechanical men of health 1928–1948

During the interwar years, health exhibitions and pavilions were commonplace in Europe and the USA. Within these exhibitions were a small number of life-sized or oversized mechanical men used to...

Referentes teóricos para uma jurisprudência doutrinal crítica na Filosofia dos Direitos Humanos: Ernst Bloch e Michel Foucault

Aiming to shape a critical jurisprudence on Philosophy of Human Rights, in this essay I delve into some contributions from two major referents of contemporary European Critical Thinking: Ernst Bloch and Michel Foucault. The German philosopher stands out apropos his vanguard reflexion on Human Rights emancipatory potential, based on a heterodox Marxist analysis regarding natural law. On the other hand, the French philosopher was the leading theorizer on the counter-hegemonic «critical attitude» and «counter-conducts», also viewing Human Rights through such lenses. Therefore, I argue that they can be both a theoretical support not only to the critical revitalization of this strand of Legal Philosophy, but also to understand the Human Rights tumultuous (r)evolution that occurred these last decades.

Track 4.c Introduction: Transformation IN and BY Design Thinking

Scholars and practitioners are acknowledging the central role that design can play in innovation. Design is increasingly becoming a strategic source of competitive advantage, to the point that scholars investigate its managerial side and its impact in the creation of value. Design Thinking, in particular, is making the headlines, with an extremely rapid diffusion in the practice and interest of organizations. Far from being connected with the “form” of products, Design Thinking is accepted as a formal method for creative problem solving, with the intent to foster innovation.
 This rapid adoption of Design Thinking in practice however has not gone hand in hand with a robust development and diffusion of its theoretical underpinnings. On the practitioner side, Accenture, Deloitte, IBM, KPMG, McKinsey and PricewaterhouseCoopers rank among the most forceful players in acquiring design agencies in order to renew their offering and refresh their approach. Contemporary design thinking is booming in those industries where the digital transformation requires new competences and capabilities for developing delightful digital experiences. On the one hand Design Thinking describes significant transformations highlighting overlaps and synergies with emerging approaches such Design Sprint, Agile or Creative Confidence; on the other hand it is considered a fundamental paradigm to lead digital transformations. For this reason, the thematic track “Transformation IN and BY Design Thinking” investigates the evolution of this paradigm in relation to different theoretical lenses:
 
 Design Thinking and Innovation Theories
 Design Thinking and Creativity Theories
 Design Thinking and Leadership Theories
 Design Thinking and Organizational Theories

Guest editorial

Business and management have been instilled so much in contemporary minds that, maythey be perceived positively or negatively, their interplay with society has become self-evident. Indeed, criticisms of a society dominated and pervaded by business matters as wellas the promoters of a totally-managed-as-business society share the same blind spotconcerning the possible dialectic or dialogic relations between business and society. [...]

Mandatory vaccination: a joint statement of the Ethics and Vaccination working groups of the European Academy of Paediatrics.

Vaccinating children is amongst the most cost-effective interventions for reducing children's morbidity and mortality. Parents who choose not to vaccinate their children despite having been informed about the evidence on safety and efficacy of vaccines may seriously jeopardise the health of both their own children and others. Contemporary ethical thinking about the limits of parental decision-making over their children's healthcare treatment often considers the zone of parental discretion. However, with vaccination this is slightly less direct as the benefits are not only accumulated by an individual child but also by children as a population. Forcing parents is of course not the only solution to counteracting the fear of vaccines. Health authorities should certainly fund research and deploy resources on combatting vaccine disinformation.Conclusion: It would be preferable to achieve high rates of vaccination coverage by educating both parents and physicians without adopting any legislation for mandatory vaccination. However, in countries where vaccination uptake is low and/or outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases occur, the implementation of mandatory vaccination will most probably save children's lives. EAP calls for action to make all scheduled childhood vaccinations a matter of fact for all European children.

Siostrzeństwo i jego dyskursywne użycia

Artykuł stanowi analizę kategorii siostrzeństwa i sposobów jej funkcjonowania w polskim dyskursie feministycznym. Została ona przeprowadzona w oparciu o artykuły publikowane w mediach, powstałe po X Kongresie Kobiet (Łódź, 16–17.06.2018). Jeden z nich przedstawia sprawę pracownicy ochrony i zaniedbań ze strony organizatorek Kongresu, jakie zaistniały w związku z jej pracą. Historia ta stała się ważnym punktem odniesienia dla kolejnych tekstów. Unaoczniła różne stanowiska i systemy wartości organizujące współczesne myślenie o siostrzeństwie, które przedstawiam w artykule poprzez trzy rodzaje narracji, jakie wyłoniły się z analizy wskazanych tekstów: narrację różnicy, narrację solidarności ponad podziałami oraz narrację o siostrzeństwie jako walce.