Contemporary Personality Research Articles

Replicability of the five-factor structure of DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait systems and their associations with binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology.

Since the research on contemporary personality models-and psychopathology-mainly originate from the Western world, we aimed to test the factorial structure of two trait systems assessed with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a non-Western sample and to compare the extracted models' relative associations with binge eating disorder (BED) and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) symptoms. A community sample (N = 516; 72% female) was administered the PID-5, which can operationalize both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems. The factor structures of both systems were tested using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). The congruence coefficients of all factor loadings with international studies were calculated. The Binge Eating Scale (BES), Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), and Hypomania Checklist-32-Revised (HCL-32) were used to measure the criterion variables. Linear regression models were used for comparing the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems in predicting the BED and BSD. The findings supported five-factor solutions for both trait systems. Both systems significantly predicted dimensional measures of both BED and BSD (all p < 0.001). The present findings support an acceptable five-factor structure for both personality systems in the non-Western sample. Different algorithms of maladaptive domains on both systems are related to binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology.

(CYBER)SPACES FOR LEISURE

The article defines the specifics of the development of contemporary society as a space of leisure. In particular, the key cyberspaces of leisure are distinguished. It is noted that the development of society since the second half of the 20th century consists precisely in the release of time and the formation of leisure spaces, when a person is devoted to himself, does not solve problems related to survival or social responsibilities. It is noted that a contemporary person spends his free time mainly (having fun) on the Internet. Therefore, the contemporary social world, created by the latest technologies, is a cyberspace of leisure, in which people increasingly produce something, create, engage in certain activities primarily for entertainment. In our opinion, these closely intersecting spaces are defined by the human desire for communication, play, creativity and consumption. In contrast to the philosophical tradition, which was more focused on the so-called positive forms of leisure (self-development, education, creativity), when entertainment was considered only as one of the types of leisure, in our opinion, contemporary cyber spaces of leisure correspond precisely to the entertaining attitude of a person to himself and the world and in the end constitute this attitude as a kind of worldview perspective, form a human of (cyber)leisure. A human of (cyber)leisure demonstrates his desire for: communication as a possibility of self/mutual-(re)presentation, embodied in the search for various forms of community; playful nature of self/mutual-improvement, which presents differences and personal achievements; creative activity that manifests self/mutual-reinvention of personalities, and a focus on the products of activity that can be freely consumed, stimulating the creation of new.

Teologia komunii w efektywnej komunikacji medialnej

Effective communication fits into the social context, which means that there is a relationship between the transfer of various information and the behavior of a given community. Communication is a two-way process, concerning, on the one hand, transferring information, and on the other hand, reading information, which in theological terms can be reduced to the personalistic context (concerning a human person). Man remains in the center of interest in media communication, and contemporary personalism considers communication processes as important for the development of man and his spiritual sphere. In the case of believers, this spirituality is inextricably linked to the theology of communion with God as a set of thoughts regarding the processes taking place when deepening the spiritual sphere. The theology of communion is therefore reduced to the theology of spirituality, and human development in the spiritual sphere largely determines the well-being of each individual.

Exploring the perceived benefits of engaging with Spotlight personality profiling in performance domains

Spotlight Profile is a contemporary personality profiling tool developed in elite sport that focuses on fostering adaptability. It has been increasingly deployed by sport psychology consultants in sport and other organizational settings, yet how end-users perceive the tool’s use to benefit their performance is not yet known. Using semi-structured interviews, we explored the experiences of 16 individuals who have engaged with Spotlight Profile as part of a performance-based intervention across elite sport and a series of other domains (e.g. business, education, health). Thematic analysis led to the development of seven themes, which included: self-awareness, contextual sensitivity, positive outlook, adaptability, self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and team effectiveness. These findings highlight the multiple benefits which may be experienced by engaging with Spotlight Profile and offer a framework to guide the potential areas for development when using personality profiling in applied practice.

This is what the soul of a contemporary person lacks

This is what the soul of a contemporary person lacks

On the lack of explicit internal criticism of contemporary personalists. An outline of the problem

Contemporary personalism was born out of a certain anthropological disagree­ment with certain concepts that arose on the basis of naturalism and scientism in the nine­teenth and twentieth centuries. However, as practice shows, personalism has not achieved spectacular “success” in the world of philosophy in the form of neither clear external criticism from opponents (be it from the Frankfurt School or representatives of postmod­ernists), nor internal criticism within the framework of discussions within personalism itself. And yet it is difficult to deny the representatives of this trend a clear contribution to the development of such concepts and terms as: value, person (as a corporeal and spiritual being with social orientation), common good, commitment. The aim of this article is to try to answer the question why criticism within personalism could result in a certain exposure of views “outside” the world of philosophy.

Ecosystems and Their Digital Models as Factors of Algocognitive Culture and Transition to New Technological Order

In the paradigm of dissipative structures based on theories of economic and regional development, business networks, and the theory of algocognitive culture, the authors studied the processes of the formation of ecosystem formats for business development in the region as the core of a new technological paradigm. The research aimed to identify the relationship between current development formats in digital transformation with the basic foundations of business ecosystems and the possibility and willingness to use ESG principles and network practices to replicate cognitive forms of human brain hypernetworks. In this research, the authors used the methods of systemic and comparative analysis, grouping, and generalization including the authors’ practices of functional environmental analysis. As a result, the primary trends showed cooperative-network multi-level formats of interaction between business partners in the space of value formation, the development of the business ecosystem environment of the regional economy, and guidelines for the development of service practices. The new ecosystem formats implemented in the economy are considered as a manifestation of the patterns of dissipative structures and new realities of algocognitive culture including the formation of algorithmic thinking of a contemporary person. The compliance of the development of mass businesses in the region with the primary basic characteristics of ecosystems and their active use of basic digital technologies in business processes is shown. The authors revealed the readiness and need for the development of the economy of the region in the formats of ecosystems and a sufficient degree of development of this kind of format by various businesses of the territory. The possibility and necessity of using digital models of business ecosystems were established and the primary hypothesis of the research was confirmed, which forms the assumption about the active development of modern formats of interactions in the environment of small and medium-sized businesses and their cooperative associations. It provides a basis for the proposal and development of digital models of such interactions, which should significantly increase the effectiveness and speed of qualitative changes in the transition to a new technological way of life.

Tracing the evolution of personality cognition in early human civilisations: A computational analysis of the Gilgamesh epic

Assessing evolution of cognitive structures across historical periods has remained challenging in the absence of direct access to humans from the past. Overcoming some of these challenges, we examined shifts in the implicit cognitive structures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is one of the earliest surviving pieces of literature, circulating in various versions over a period of approx. 2000 years in ancient Mesopotamia. Using a canonical English translation, we applied natural language processing (NLP) and human coding to extract low-dimensional representations of the implicit personality structure in three different historical epochs. We found systematic shifts over time with increasing complexity and increasing resemblance of contemporary personality models in later periods. We discuss how lexical analyses of ancient texts using trait co-occurrence analyses can provide novel insights on the evolution of human behaviour of relevance for contemporary social and behavioural science and the study of ancient societies.

On the issue of the time of creation of united Egrisi (Lazica) kingdom

In the beginning of II century A.D. political situation was sharply changed in the Eastern Black sea area. On the ter­ri­­­tory of&nbsp; historical Colchis, appe­ared separate political un­­i­ons –“kingdoms” of Mac­ron-Heniokhes’, Lazs’, Absils’, Ab­­azgs’ and San­igs’, which after&nbsp; the immediate leaving&nbsp; of pro­v­incial rule of Rome, were setting some political rela­tions with Empire and were getting formal indepe­ndence. At a certain period, the kingdom of Lazica subjugated the rest of the unions and united all of Western Georgia. When did the hegemony of the Laz in Western Georgia to be established? The present paper is an attempt to find answer to the question. From the beginning of 2nd Century A.D. Laz Kingdom presented as “friend and ally” of Rome. During the reign of Antonius Pius (138-161) the interests of Laz kingdom and Rome became even closer. Pacorum, King of Lazica, was contemporary person of Antonius Pius. He, had been using benevolence of the Romans, expanded the borders of the Laz kingdom to Northwestern, including the contemporary Gagra-Pitsunda sector which was evidenced by a Greek inscription on a silver cup found in the village Achmarda in the Gagra district. The territorial expansion of the Laz kingdom in this direction was supported by Romans and therefore a Roman garrison was introduced to Pitsunda during the reign of Antonius Pius. Thus, in the middle of the second century during the reign of king Pakor, the Lazes, with the consent of the Romans, joined the Unions of the Absiles, Abazges and Saniges and extended the boarders of the kingdom of the Lazes to the north-west to the Akheunt river (modern Shakhe river).

The dark tetrad and trait emotional intelligence: Latent profile analysis and relationships with PID-5 maladaptive personality trait domains

Dark traits and emotional intelligence play a key role in contemporary personality theory. Still, the relationship between these models deserves clarification, especially regarding the latent profiles characterized by a mixture of traits from both models. The present research used a person-centred approach to explore the latent profiles derivable from dark traits measured through the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4; Jones & Paulhus, 2014) and trait emotional intelligence measured through Wong and Law's (2002) Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), in two non-clinical samples, from Romania (N = 311) and the UK (N = 222), respectively. We tested the invariance of the solution across the two samples, then how the emerging profiles relate to PID-5 maladaptive trait domains by using linear modeling. We found that a 3-profile solution represented the data best, with two profiles showing SD4 values close to the mean and comparatively high and low values across the WLEIS facets, respectively, whereas the third profile was characterized by high SD4 values and values of emotional intelligence close to the mean. Significant differences between the profiles were found in maladaptive personality trait domains. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Психопатическая личность и особенности ее изображения в книге А. В. Амфитеатрова «Психопаты: правда и вымысел»

The article analyses the cultural and historical content of Psychopaths: Truth and Fiction written by A.V. Amfiteatrov. It considers the problem of the popularity of a psychopathic personality in Russian literature at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. It also discusses its conditionality due to the explosive growth in the number of popular science works in this branch of medicine. The book contains a gallery of various psychopathic types starting with Judas and ending with contemporary personality patterns of the author. The article considers the dependence of the genre originality of the story on the character images. It singles out such varieties as an idyll, a detective story, a duel story and a portrait in the form of an internal monologue. Based on the analysis of the texts of the stories included in the book, the author comes to a conclusion about A. V. Amfiteatrov’s inclination for Russian naturalism. One of the unconditional signs of naturalism is the determinism of the personality structure by its biological principle. The arsenal of means and techniques used by A. V. Amfiteatrov allows us to attribute the book to mass literature. Secondary literature designed for quick oblivion in the history of literature plays an important role in recreating the integral cultural and historical context of the era. This makes the significance of the book «Psychopaths: Truth and Fiction» which is a vivid example of mass literary production at the turn of the two centuries.

Identifying state self-criticism subscales within the Brief Symptoms Inventory: Analyses of data from Israeli young adults

Recent works in personality and psychopathology emphasize both trait and state self-criticism as transdiagnostic risk factors for mental disorders. Yet, common screening and intake measures do not include assessment of state self-criticism. We provide a reanalysis of data from nine samples (total N = 1442), with the aim to identify and validate a state self-criticism subscale within the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), a popular and extensively researched instrument for the assessment of general and specific psychopathology. We identified four potential state self-criticism subscales, comprising three to five items, tapping the experience of self-criticism. All state self-criticism subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, all subscales were highly correlated with psychopathology and low psychological well-being, thus suggesting strong convergent validity. Furthermore, all subscales demonstrated incremental predictive validity, when predicting psychological distress, depression, brooding and suicidal ideations, above and beyond trait self-criticism. Interestingly, our results show no clear advantage for one subscale over the others. Findings contribute to contemporary personality science, attesting to the importance of assessing personality on both trait and state features. We discuss clinical implications and offer clinicians a brief alternative to longer screening methods, focusing on currently ‘inflamed’ and distressing aspects of experience, namely the self-critical experience.

Psychobiographies of social change agents: Introduction to the Special Issue.

This Special Issue of Journal of Personality, focused on psychobiographies of social change agents, aims to make contributions to the field in terms of content, method, and process. The content of the issue is focused on understanding people who powerfully impact their world, from eminent global leaders to everyday change agents. The contributions to the Special Issue are unified by their adoption of psychobiographical methods, though as a set they offer both excellent representations of common psychobiographical approaches as well as vital innovations in this tradition. The process of curating this Special Issue sought to make several interventions in typical practices, including the cultivation of an intentional community of scholars representing both experienced and fledgling psychobiographers, the pursuit of a relational approach to publishing, and the adoption of open science practices. Psychobiography has an important role to play in contemporary personality psychology and we hope this Special Issue will itself serve as a foundation for continued innovation in the field.

"Self" and "other": A conceptual bridge linking normal with pathological personality.

The goal of this paper is to try and close the gap between the ways in which pathological and normal personality, including their development, are conceptualized. To this end, attention is drawn to parallels that exist between the ways self-function is conceptualized in contemporary personality psychology and in recent iterations of the major psychiatric nosologies, particularly ICD-11. Conceptualizations in both normal and abnormal personality see a fundamental dichotomy between self as identity and self as socially interdependent (vs autonomous). Evidence is reviewed supporting a basic dichotomy between two categories of personality pathology that can be subsumed under the labels "Acting Out" and "Anxious-Inhibited." It is suggested that fundamental to the personality pathology subsumed under "Acting Out" is a deficient interdependent self, while a defective self-identity is proposed to underlie the personality pathology subsumed under "Anxious-Inhibited."

Human Soul in the Light of Czesław Stanisław Bartnik’s Universalistic Personalism

The article presents a contemporary understanding of the human soul according to Czesław Stanisław Bartnik (1929–2020), the founder of universalistic personalism. The term “soul” has been understood in many different ways throughout the history of human thought, hence it still raises confusion today. It is sometimes dismissed as too “religious” and replaced by the word “ego” or “person.” It seems that a successful attempt to link the history of human thought with a contemporary understanding of the person is Bartnik’s personalistic system. The article groups Bartnik’s thoughts on the “human soul” into four main blocks: personalistic reflection on the history of the concept of “soul”; place of the soul in the structure of the contemporary person (real being); clarification of the significance of the soul’s “function” in the inner and outer world of an individual; the existence of a “social person” and – in a sense – a “social soul” i.e., the spiritual self-awareness of society (although there is no single common soul for all people). The analysis leads to the following conclusions: the terms “soul” and “person” are not synonymous today; the meaning of “person” is broader than that of “soul,” however, the “person” does not displace the “soul.” Putting it positively, the soul together with the body constitutes human nature, and thanks to this nature, there is a metaphysical personal “self” (ontic ego) which can be described as a “spiritual soul” or “spirit” (whereby the metaphysical “self” is inseparable from the “soul”) Man as a person expresses himself through body and soul, as well as the metaphysical self (which is present in the consciousness). Because of its “spiritual soul,” a person is constantly in development, transcends reality and is moving towards its ultimate fulfilment in the Communion of the Divine Persons. This is done by making the right moral choices, in conjunction with the Person of Jesus Christ.

PI-01: GRNDAD AND COUSIN: INVESTIGATOR-INITIATED COLLABORATIONS TO IMPROVE CARE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Purpose: The Globin Research Network for Data and Discovery, GRNDaD (2016), registry and its recently initiated partner, Collaborating to Understand Sickle Cell Disease Internationally, CoUSIn (2021), were developed by providers at sickle cell centers in order to collect prospective data on the modern cohort of people living with SCD. The goal of these registries is to have the tools to describe the natural history of the disease and ensure the provision of guideline-based care. Neither foundations nor government-supported registries have, to date, been able to supply a comprehensive prospective detailed and patient-centered registry like GRNDaD or CoUSIn. Materials and methods: GRNDaD, comprising over 300 individual data elements, collects data from 12 sites at present, using de-identified data, and relying on a central IRB and annual updates (Table 1, N-1319, Fall 2019). The prospective REDCap database has been flexibly amenable to the addition of more highly detailed data sheets, encompassing queries on end stage renal disease, pregnancy, and thrombophilia. Results: To date, 12 sites in the US are fully functional, with 8 additional sites on-boarding. GRNDaD serves as the companion registry for the National Alliance of Sickle Cell Centers, NASCC, and is expected to grow briskly in the next 24-36 months. Most patients have sickle cell anemia (HbSS or HbSb0, Table 1), many have contributed patient reported outcome (PRO) surveys, and half of all entrants are adolescent/young adults (percent of total, Figure 1). As of February 2022, 2160 people with SCD have consented for data entry. There is a robust range of treatments in GRNDaD; of 2160 subjects, 53% of subjects with HgbSS or SB0thalassemia were on hydroxyurea, 12% of all subjects were on chronic transfusions, 2.4% were on L-glutamine, 2.2%were on crizanlizumab, and 2.0% were on Voxelotor. We estimate that >100 patients are likely to be added each year for recently-approved novel therapies Crizanlizumab and Voxelotor. Of note, the older adult with SCA had a depressed reticulocyte count and a trend towards a higher creatinine (not shown). Finally, the GRNDaD data dictionary has been shared with investigators in the UK, who have developed an identical parallel database, CoUSIn, which will serve as a platform for comparisons going forward of prospectively collected data between SCD populations that are cared for in 2 entirely distinct settings. Conclusion: Multi-site prospective registries designed to better understand the contemporary person living with SCD are crucially important, for tracking, and analysis of guideline-based care delivery in this disease. With funding from several sources, these registries will continue to grow and have plans for sustainability well into the future.Shown are sites, genotype distribution, and patient reported outcome survey attainment in GRNDaD, as of Fall 2019.Shown is the age distribution for the contemporary SCD population (%), in GRNDaD, as of February 2022. S. LANZKRON declares a conflict of interest: Consultancy, Expert: Pfizer, Novartis, BlueBird Bio, Magenta Research support/Scientific studies: Imara, GBT, Shire, Novartis, CSL Behring Stock shareholder: Pfizer, Teva

Review of the Book by Rosi Braidotti “Posthuman”

The article offers reflections on Rosi Braidotti’s book “Posthuman”, which was published in 2021 by the Gaidar Institute Publishing House (translator Diana Khamis). Rosi Braidotti is a contemporary philosopher and feminist theorist, originally from Italy, currently teaching at the Utrecht University (Netherlands). Despite her connection with significant international organizations and associations (including UNESCO, Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, European Consortium for Humanities Institutes and Centres, EEC) and the role that her research plays in contemporary social and humanitarian discourse, her name is not widely known to the Russian-speaking reader in comparison to other authors of feminist trend, such as Judith Butler or Donna Haraway. Rosi Braidotti’s interest is directed towards the reflections on the subjectivity of a contemporary person. Based on critical theory, the project of nomadology, feminist studies, and using her own anti-humanistic optics, she affirms the idea of a posthuman who has a developing identity, overcomes anthropocentric limits in its essence, and is open to assemblies with living matter and the world of technology. In this review, I focus on the main structural elements of the book, its key ideas; I offer my interpretation of some plots of the text; I dwell on the discussion points of the work. I come to the conclusion that the concept of the posthuman and the posthumanistic method allow us to open new horizons for the current research practices of man and society.

Psychological profiles of resilience in extreme environments: Correlating measures of personality and coping and resilience

The presence of psychological resilience appears to confer positive personal benefits, and may be particularly advantageous for individuals working in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. This study aimed to identify contextually adaptive ‘resilient’ personality and coping profiles in such contexts. This was done by correlating scores on measures of resilience with scores on measures of personality and coping, using specialists identified as good adaptors. As resilient profiles may differ across contexts, two highly specific samples were used, namely navy divers and submariners. This paper presents psychometric profiles of contemporary personality and coping styles. Then, using bivariate correlations, resilience-associated, context specific, diver and submariner personality and coping profiles were identified. Their resilient profiles appeared well suited to their respective environments. Some differences were noted between the typical personality descriptions and the resilient profiles identified, with three possible reasons forwarded to understand this. Firstly, there were some concerns regarding the validity of the measures in the local cultural context; secondly, context specific resilience may be expressed differently from resilience in general society; and thirdly, contemporary profiles of specialists may reflect current organisational processes in addition to psychological factors. In terms of practical application, while the identification of resilient profiles may also have value for selection purposes, it could be particularly useful for mission preparation, through the training of context-relevant coping skills.

Development and validation of the Moral Character Questionnaire

Although moral character may be the most central and consequential facet of one’s personality, existing measures are few and suffer from shortcomings. We present the Moral Character Questionnaire (MCQ) to focus primarily on global moral character and secondarily on six moral domains – Honesty, Compassion, Fairness, Loyalty, Respect, and Purity. All subscales assess core components of personality dispositions, including behavior, motivation, cognition, and identity. Across 14 samples and >13,000 participants, MCQ subscales are generally unidimensional, have good-to-strong reliability, and are temporally stable. Based upon hypotheses regarding 21 criterion measures, analyses reveal strong convergent/discriminant validity. Finally, we found connections between the MCQ scales and core personality traits. The MCQ is an efficient and psychometrically strong measure grounded in contemporary personality theory.

"Nothing to see here": No structural brain differences as a function of the Big Five personality traits from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Personality reflects social, affective, and cognitive predispositions that emerge from genetic and environmental influences. Contemporary personality theories conceptualize a Big Five Model of personality based on the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Starting around the turn of the millennium, neuroimaging studies began to investigate functional and structural brain features associated with these traits. Here, we present the first study to systematically evaluate the entire published literature of the association between the Big Five traits and three different measures of brain structure. Qualitative results were highly heterogeneous, and a quantitative meta-analysis did not produce any replicable results. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the literature and its limitations, including sample heterogeneity, Big Five personality instruments, structural image data acquisition, processing, and analytic strategies, and the heterogeneous nature of personality and brain structures. We propose to rethink the biological basis of personality traits and identify ways in which the field of personality neuroscience can be strengthened in its methodological rigor and replicability.