Contemporary Nationalism Research Articles

Clinical outcomes of patients discharged from the Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic with non-anginal chest pain: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThe Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic (RACPC) has become an important means of assessing patients who present with ischaemic or ischaemia-like symptoms of recent onset. Observations have shown that up to 70% are discharged with a diagnosis of non-anginal chest pain (NACP) and accordingly “reassured”. This study aims to describe the actual clinical outcomes of this cohort of patients discharged from the RACPC. MethodsWe undertook a single centre retrospective cohort study at a tertiary cardiac hospital. The outcomes of unselected patients diagnosed with NACP and discharged from the RACPC between April 2010 and March 2013 at University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) were recorded. Re-referrals to cardiology outpatient clinic and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease within 6 months, and the mortality rate at 12 months, were determined. Results7066 patients were seen in the UHL RACPC during the 36-month period. 3253 (46.0%) were diagnosed with NACP and discharged. 7 (0.2%) were diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 8 (0.25%) cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) identified during the review period. 11 (0.3%) patients died within 12 months of discharge from RACPC. No deaths were attributable to CAD. ConclusionsComprehensive assessment using risk-stratification criteria in a nurse practitioner-led RACPC can accurately identify patients who are at low-risk for subsequent CAD. Despite contemporary National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines that shift focus away from a clinical judgement based approach, this strategy appears to robustly predict favourable outcomes in patients diagnosed with NACP.

Discussion on the Development Trend of Chinese National Vocal Music

National vocal music carries the Chinese cultural spirit and Chinese national genes, and it has great influence among the broad masses of the people. The broad and profound Chinese spirit they display, with deep connotation and far-reaching significance is an important spiritual support for the survival and development of the contemporary nation. At present, the Chinese vocal music circle has effectively led the development trend of national vocal music by focusing on the inheritance and development of national vocal music, conducting academic research, singing exchanges, teaching innovation, media promotion, and field investigation, which has laid a good foundation for the creative development and innovative integration of national vocal music.

Planet of camps: border assemblages and their challenges

In his 2017 masterful filmHappy End, the European auteur Michael Haneke returns to some of his favourite themes by portraying the life of a contemporary dysfunctional, white bourgeoisie family in Calais, France, struggling to deal with the skeletons in their cupboard. They are also mostly oblivious to the thousands of migrants from the Global South attempting to negotiate yet another borderland and cross into Britain. In the final scene, a group of them bursts uninvited into the family's engagement party. This classic Hanekean tense moment reminds us that contemporary global migration, rather than being a novel and unexpected ‘crisis’, amounts to an unavoidable return, a return of the oppressed and the colonised; it is a moment in the unfinished histories of white European global domination. In that sense, rather than being a ‘migration crisis’, it can be better described as a reception crisis (cf. Christopoulos 2016), a crisis of the contemporary nation states in the Global North who find it impossible to come to terms with their own histories.

НАЦІОНАЛІЗМ У ГЛОБАЛЬНОМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ:

Розглядаються ідейні дискусії щодо «прагматичного націоналізму», з великою самооцінкою, але й розумним ставленням до інших національностей. Вивчається громадянське суспільство як чинник глобального обговорення націоналізму та параметри, якими воно характеризується. Розкриваються особливості відродження політичних ідеологій, які відбуваються на основі розробки нової економічної стратегії альтерглобалізму та ідентифікації нових еволюційних соціальних груп. Встановлюються особливості нелінійних зворотних зв'язків, жорсткі причинно-наслідкові залежності (жорсткий детермінізм) у політичному процесі. Обговорюється вплив поширення у політичному процесі форм прямої демократії. Вивчаються властивості критики сучасного націоналізму стосовно поняття «нація» та за критеріїв визначення національності людини. Досліджується досягнення прагматичного громадянського націоналізму, який має об’єднати етнічні спільноти навколо спільного успішного політичного майбутнього.

Book Review

Book Review

Engaged observationalism: forming publics in the gallery film

ABSTRACTArtur Zmijewski’s Democracies (2009) is a video installation (screened as a 20-channel piece at galleries across Europe and as a single-screen film at London’s Tate Modern) that brings together 20 different public assemblies – ranging from funerals to marches, protests and celebrations. The film provides a microcosm of contemporary European nationalism, exemplified in the convening of citizens in public spaces. This article analyses Democracies in order to unpack its technical approach to the bodies and spaces it documents. This involves two key points of departure. First, a phenomenological reconsideration of the observational documentary mode, which simultaneously critiques one of the foremost forms of representing reality and reignites its potential. Zmijewski’s observationalism is freshly engaged through the use of counter-intuitive framing devices and highly evocative proximity to the body throughout, encouraging the consideration of the aesthetics of assembly in contemporary Europe. Second, I turn to the site of exhibition, questioning the historical tendency to locate radical art in the museum. I situate Democracies in debates around ‘socially engaged art’, arguing that its form of engagement is one not of healing the ‘social bond’, but of immanent critique, holding to account institutional complicity as much as the producers and spectators that partake in textual meaning.

Memory and melancholia in the garden of tropical agronomy

This article traces the processes of celebrating, forgetting, and reimagining the French Empire at the garden of tropical agronomy in Nogent-sur-Marne. Drawing from archival research, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, and site observation, I consider why ruination has endured despite ongoing attempts to restore the site, and what is at stake in remembering the garden anew. Drawing from theories of national memory and postcolonial theory, I conceptualize the garden as a site of melancholia. Its ruination continues as a consequence of state bureaucracy, the role of the military, and its physical form. Sites of melancholia, I argue, present contested, multivocal, palimpsestic narratives that challenge national memory in two ways: first, by disrupting the relationship between past and present, and second, by foregrounding the racialized violence of the imperial project that gave rise to the contemporary nation. By unsettling the temporal and spatial idea of the nation, sites of melancholia pose a fundamental challenge to any cohesive narrative of national identity.

Contemporary National Assessment of Robot-Assisted Surgery Rates and Total Hospital Charges for Major Surgical Uro-Oncological Procedures in the United States.

Background: The role of robot assistance is increasingly gaining importance among all major surgical uro-oncological procedures (MSUPs). However, contemporary analyses showed that total hospital charges (THCGs) related to robot-assisted procedures exceed those of open procedures. Based on increasing familiarity with robot-assisted surgery, we postulated that THCGs may have decreased over the past half-decade. Thus, we tested contemporary trends and THCGs related to robot-assisted vs nonrobot-assisted MSUPs. Materials and Methods: Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2009-2015), we identified patients who underwent robot-assisted vs nonrobot-assisted (open or laparoscopic) MSUPs, which included radical prostatectomy (RP), radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN), and radical cystectomy (RC). Rates of robot-assisted MSUPs were evaluated using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) analyses. The t-test was used to examine statistically significant differences between mean THCGs according to either robot-assisted or nonrobot-assisted approach. Finally, linear regression analyses were tested for annual variation in the mean THCGs. Results: Of 128,367 MSUPs, 47.7% were robot-assisted. Overall, robot-assisted surgery rates among MSUPs increased from 40.3% to 57.6% (EAPC: +6.3%, p < 0.001) between 2009 and 2015. The mean THCGs for robot-assisted RP, RN, PN, and RC were $13,799, $18,789, $16,574, and $33,575, respectively. The observed mean THCGs differences between robot-assisted and nonrobot-assisted MSUPs were +$1594, +$1592, and +$1829 for RP, RN, and RC, respectively (all p < 0.05). Conversely, no statistically significant difference in the mean THCGs was reported between robot-assisted and nonrobot-assisted PN (+$367, p > 0.05). Finally, the annual observed mean THCGs linearly decreased for all robot-assisted MSUPs during the study period. Conclusions: Rates of robot-assisted MSUPs exponentially increased between 2009 and 2015. Although the mean THCGs decreased in a significant manner during the study period for all MSUPs, THCGs of robot-assisted RP, RN, and RC still exceed those of their respective nonrobot-assisted counterparts. Conversely, no differences in the mean THCGs were reported between robot-assisted vs nonrobot-assisted PN.

“Weird Melancholy” and the Modern Television Outback: Rage, Shame, and Violence in Wake in Fright and Mystery Road

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Marcus Clarke famously described the Australian outback as displaying a 'Weird Melancholy' (qtd. in Gelder 116). The strange sights, sounds, and experiences of Australia’s rural locations made them ripe for the development of the European genre of the Gothic in a new location, a mutation which has continued over the past two centuries. But what does it mean for Australia’s Gothic landscapes to be associated with the affective qualities of the melancholy? And more particularly, how and why does this Gothic effect (and affect) appear in the most accessible Gothic media of the twenty-first century, the television series? Two recent Australian television adaptations, Wake in Fright (2017, dir. Kriv Stenders) and Mystery Road (2018, dir. Rachel Perkins) provoke us to ask the question: how does their pictorial representation of the Australian outback and its inhabitants overtly express rage and its close ties to melancholia, shame and violence? More particularly, I argue that in both series this rage is turned inwards rather than outwards; rage is turned into melancholy and thus to self-destruction – which constructs an allegory for the malaise of our contemporary nation. However, here the two series differ. While Wake in Fright posits this as a never-ending narrative, in a true Freudian model of melancholics who fail to resolve or attend to their trauma, Mystery Road is more positive in its positioning, allowing the themes of apology and recognition to appear, both necessary for reparation and forward movement.

Rage – beyond the Point of Boiling Over

Rage – beyond the Point of Boiling Over

On the Specifics of Ukrainian Studies as a Scientific Discipline

The article is based on the report presented at the methodological seminar devoted to theoretical and methodological principles of modern Ukrainian studies. In the context of finding a convincing answer to the question of the specifics of Ukrainian studies as a scientific discipline, the paper examines the experience of a number of foreign and domestic scholars treating the problems of self-identification of contemporary nations within the framework of a civilizational approach to the histories of their own countries and through the prism of the so-called nation-specific disciplines. In particular, the significant interest in this sense is constituted by works of such foreign scholars as M. Lerner (USA), F. Broudel (France), M. de Unamuno (Spain), M. Shapovalov (Russia), I. Sarakavik (Belarus), as well as a number of representatives of the Ukrainian science (P. Kononenko, V. Krysachenko, O. Mostiaev, L. Tokar, etc.), who, in their theoretical and methodological works, laid the foundations for modern scientific Ukrainian studies. The author of the article believes that the establishment of the modern Ukrainian studies in the late 20th – early 21st century, due to the specifics of ethnocultural processes in this period and the need for self-knowledge of the Ukrainian nation, manifested itself in the specific form of “intellectual mobilization”. Thus, this process took place in line with global scientific tendencies, namely through the prism of synthetic nation-specific sciences and may qualify as the beginning of a qualitatively new stage in the formation of Ukrainian studies as a scientific discipline.

Three Enemies of Russia: Dmitrii Galkovskii and Strategies of “Enemification” in Contemporary Russian Nationalism

AbstractThis article focuses on ideological constructions of contemporary nationalism shaped by the influence of Dmitrii Galkovskii. At the dawn of the Russian Internet, Galkovskii’s website, Samizdat, became the birthplace for intellectuals of contemporary Russian nationalism who emerged around Voprosy natsionalizma magazine and the online magazine Sputnik i Pogrom. Enemification strategies described in this article are understood as forms of self-representation of contemporary Russian nationalism. The goal of this article is to characterize one of the ideologies of contemporary Russian nationalism, which serves as a moral justification for some odious manifestations—xenophobia and racism. Three forces are characterized by contemporary Russian nationalists as the most dangerous challenges for the nation: the West, internal enemies, and migrants. Traditional and fundamental anti-Western rhetoric has turned into Anglophobia in the ideology of contemporary Russian nationalism. The most profound evidence might be found in Galkovskii’s conception of the history of international relations. This idea is also used when defining the internal enemy. Caucasians have taken the place of Russian nationalism’s previous main internal enemies, Jews, and are treated as representatives of the British colonial administration. The third enemy of modern Russian nationalism is migrants. They are seen as tools of the degradation policy toward Russians.

Mujeres y el origen común de la nación en México

Este artículo explora la poderosa influencia de la sexualidad y los roles de género en la identidad nacional y el nacionalismo. Por lo anterior el objetivo del artículo es revisar cómo es concebido el origen común de la nación mexicana, y cómo contribuyen a él las mujeres en la historia. El artículo incluye tres partes. La primera identifica los principales tipos de nacionalismo en México y su interrelación con los roles de género y los nacionalismos que plantearan Nira Yuval-Davis y Floya Anthias en 1989. La segunda desarrolla de qué forma, tanto los tipos de nacionalismos como los roles de género, coadyuvan a la construcción de la masculinidad y la feminidad. La tercera explora los roles de género y sus distintos niveles de subordinación en la mitología nacionalista contemporánea, particularmente, el mito del mestizaje en tanto pareja fundadora de la nación moderna. Para ejemplificar el argumento se utilizaron algunas fuentes no convencionales, tales como los calendarios populares de las primeras décadas del siglo veinte, y una narrativa sobre el mito del mestizaje escrito por una escritora española radicada en México en 1884.

In Search of the True Russia: The Provinces in Contemporary Nationalist Discourse. By Lyudmila Parts. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. xiii, 198 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. $69.95, hard bound.

In Search of the True Russia: The Provinces in Contemporary Nationalist Discourse. By Lyudmila Parts. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. xiii, 198 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. $69.95, hard bound.

Языковая ситуация и языковая политика в России (ревизия категорий и практик)

В статье рассматривается практика категоризации и процедур в сфере языковых ситуаций и языковой политики в России в сравнительном аспекте. В центре анализа взаимосвязи “язык и этничность”, “язык и политика”, особенно в практике переписей населения, и их интерпретации. Предлагается пересмотр категорий “родной язык”, “материнский язык”, “национальный язык” в пользу ситуативного и множественного подходов, которые учитывают факторы рационального выбора, языкового рынка, структурных предписаний, языкового репертуара в культурно-сложных обществах, а также историческую динамику языковых процессов. Автор обосновывает отсутствие жесткой связи между языком и этничностью и ставит вопрос обеспечения прав языковых сообществ, поддержки языков как самостоятельных ценностей в культуре человеческих коммуникаций. В сфере языковой политики рассматриваются роль языковых проблем в современном нациестроительстве, соотношение государственного (национального) языка и этнических (миноритарных) языков в общественной жизни таких стран, как Российская Федерация.

“The Heritage of Ancestors” Early Studies on Armenian Manuscripts and Miniature Painting

This essay deals with the emergence of the study of medieval Armenian artefacts with a particular emphasis on manuscripts and miniature painting and covers the period from the mid-nineteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century. Unless the suggested title stresses to the heritage of the Armenians, it also alludes to some early approaches, according to which the origins of non-Armenian arts were also sought in medieval Armenia. Amidst the growing waves of contemporary imperialist and nationalist sentiments, the interest in Armenian miniature painting began almost simultaneously in four different intellectual milieus – Russian, German, French, and Armenian – each approaching the subject from its own perspective and motivated by its inner requirements. Additionally, the citations listed here provide a bibliography of Armenian manuscript catalogues published prior to 1900.

Tubylcy i nomadzi. Serialowe spektakle tożsamości narodowej Polaków

The subjects of this article are Polish television series as spectacles of Polish national identity, presenting and broadcasting various indications of national representation. The author reflects upon popular XXI century drama series, realized by main TV broadcasts in Poland (TVP1, TVP2, Polsat, TVN), minimum two seasons executed of each series. The starting point is a thesis of ubiquitous contemporary nations as imagined communities, and at the same time, that national identity is becoming more and more problematic and unstable. The main goal of this article is to analyze how TV series are creating, consolidating and shaping Polish national identity, in context of social migration processes and mediatization of experiences. The author will analyze habits, rituals and everyday practices shown in TV series as an area of shaping national identity. National identity becomes then a construct, a project, a spectacle, in creation of which television plays an important role, being a significant source of social imagination.

Fans and Identity

ABSTRACTThis paper develops an understanding of the nature of sport fans that helps rebut the charge of nihilism leveled against identity anti-essentialism as represented in the work of Butler, Appiah, and Rorty. Through focusing on what Russell calls the ‘arbitrary’ yet committed nature of being a fan of sport (i.e. a fan’s fandom has a causal explanation not a reasoned justification but nonetheless deep meaning for the fan), I argue that we can see the anti-essentialist accounts of gender, race, and selfhood offered by Butler, Appiah, and Rorty respectively as claiming that this arbitrary, but at the same time meaningful, nature is consistent across all identities. Passionate commitment in the face of often self-consciously recognized arbitrary fandom exemplifies identity anti-essentialism, and it is in terms of it that the charge of nihilism against identity anti-essentialism (i.e. identity anti-essentialism makes identity insubstantial and politically ineffective) leveled by those such as Nussbaum, Habermas, and Rawls, is undercut. With that case made, I conclude on a political note. I observe that the rise and role of identity in contemporary politics, especially nativist, nationalist, and populist politics, can be both explained (at least in part) as well as defended against by seeing the growing acceptance among elites of identity anti-essentialism and its fan-like quality. Galvanizing many on the ‘right’ to fight elites by fighting against the identity anti-essentialism binding them together, it is by ‘doubling down’ on identity anti-essentialism and its embrace of the fan-like play of identity that hope lies in fighting against nativism, nationalism, and populism.

The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth Till the Rise of the Mission - I

Abstract The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. The Turks became in contact with Arabs from the earlier ages of the Islamic history. Moreover, the prophet sat in the Turkish tent and it is noticed that the Turkish Literature has paid great attention to the prophet’s biography, as well as the Meccan and Medina eras, since his childhood till his prophecy and all the details that related to the holy prophetic immigration to Medina, as we will see in the followings researches.

The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina - II

Abstract The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. The Turks became in contact with Arabs from the earlier ages of the Islamic history. Moreover, the prophet sat in the Turkish tent and it is noticed that the Turkish Literature has paid great attention to the prophet’s biography, as well as the Meccan and Medina eras, since his childhood till his prophecy and all the details that related to the holy prophetic immigration to Medina, as we will see in the followings researches.