Contemporary Islamic World Research Articles

Ending Poverty: Islamic Solutions For The Welfare of The Ummah

Poverty is a social problem of global concern. In developing countries including Indonesia, tens of millions of people live below the poverty line. In Islam, poverty is seen as a form of social injustice that must be resolved. The Quran and Hadith explicitly indicate the duty of Muslims to help the poor. This paper aims to analyze the Islamic perspective on poverty and propose Islamic solutions to achieve the welfare of the Ummah, within the framework of achieving maqashid sharia. The method used is a literature study of Islamic sources and contextual analysis of the poverty situation in Muslim countries. The results show that poverty is caused by various factors, both internal and external. Islam offers comprehensive solutions such as the Islamic economic system, optimization of zakat and waqf, policy reform, and others. This is important in order to realize the purpose of sharia to protect the lives, property, and benefit of the people. However, its implementation needs to be studied further so that it is right on target in alleviating poverty in the contemporary Islamic world.

The Challenge of Muhammad Iqbal’s Philosophy of Khudi to Ibn ‘Arabi’s Metaphysical Anthropology

The period between the publication of Asrār-i Khūdī (Secrets of the Self) in 1915 and The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam in 1930 marked the consolidation of the philosophy of khūdī (self) from the perspective of the Indian philosopher Muhammad Iqbal. A philosophical project for the contemporary Islamic world that sought to overcome, from the acceptance of science and few elements of Western philosophy, the limitations of the Islamic tradition and, above all, of Sufism, which the author labels as pantheism. Among the deep dialogues he maintains with Islamic tradition, Iqbal carried out a very special one with Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn ʻArabī (1165–1240), who was one of the most notorious mystics and philosophers of Islam. A metahistorical dialogue, in the form of a critique, that invites us to see the convergences and divergences in metaphysical and anthropological aspects of both authors.

Al-Khurūj ‘alā al-Ḥākim fī al-Fiqh al-Siyāsī al-Islāmī: Dirāsah ‘alā Ma’nā al-Thawrah

The Arab Spring emerged due to a political crisis in most Arab countries that wanted a change from dictatorial regimes to democratic systems in their countries. One of the most prominent issues that caused controversy during the revolution was the issue of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim. This article aims to analyze the meaning of revolution from an Islamic political perspective by discussing the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim, especially towards the three terms: al-bāghī, al-khawārij and al-ḥirābah. This article clarifies the relationship between these three terms with the phenomenon of revolution in the contemporary Islamic world. This article uses a jurisprudential approach with an inductive method by extrapolating jurisprudential sources and references related to the research subject. This article concludes that the notion of revolution is not the same as the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim in Islamic jurisprudence. The reason is that revolution aims to change the political, social and economic reality. In contrast, khurūj is a form of resistance to the leader and does not carry out all the rights demanded of the ruler. In the present context, the redefinition of the concept of al-khurūj 'alā al-ḥākim in Islamic jurisprudence is necessary to suit the modern era.

The Meaning of Rahmatan Lil Alamin in the Contemporary Tafseer of Muhammad Quraish Shihab

One of the problems that occur in the Indonesian education sector is the degradation of the character of students. The results of research conducted by the Indonesian Islamic Education Study Institute (LaPPI) in 2009 were truly surprising, as many as 57.8% of students in Jabodetabek became pregnant out of wedlock and found other delinquents. Therefore, to address this problem requires benchmarks in the form of the Al-Qu'an and Hadith. In this case, by taking a study of the meaning of Rahmatan Lil Alamin in the contemporary interpretation of Shihab's work. This research obtained results by revealing that Islam plays a very big role in all cultures, especially in the education of generations of Muslim scholars so that they can prepare cadres of successors to religions and nations who have the soul problem solver, become an active contributor, and understand the contemporary Islamic world. This research uses the library research method. The data source used is the Koran and its interpretations which are used as the main data source, as well as using various literature on the book of turots and other research studies as supporting sources.

Periodisasi dan Perkembangan Peradaban Islam dan Ciri-Cirinya

The purpose of this study is to determine the periodization and development of Islamic civilization, namely progress and intellectual and spiritual levels that make a civil society. Islamic civilization started from the periodization of the Prophet Muhammad saw. to the development of Islam to this day. The periodization of Islamic civilization is a feature of history which examines events in the context of time and place with various benchmarks. The Umayyads, the Abbasid period, the Mamluk period, the Ottoman period, the Contemporary Islamic World period. The method in this study used the method (library research) by collecting a number of literature relating to the problem and research objectives. Data collection with the results of previous research which supports data on periodization research and the development of Islamic civilization.

The 'Arab Spring’ as a challenge to the Weberian analysis of Islam

The purpose of this paper is the application of some Weberian conceptual categories to the contemporary Islamic world. The reconstruction of Weberian thought on the religion of Muhammad seems to retain some heuristic capacity: although modified over time, the organization of Islam gave rise to dynasties with charismatic political leadership who constituted patrimonial-sultanistic forms of power, with their own armies and personal bureaucracy. Characteristics of this type can be traced in the Maghreb and Mashriq countries, where there was an almost exclusive monopoly of power by the state and the prevalence of personal relationships over institutions. A political form that Weber described in terms of neo-patrimonial societies, with a strong role of the charismatic figure of the leader, a society conceived as a collection of groups and not individuals, a centralization of power by the state, and a private and clientelistic management of economic resources by ruling elites. The Arab revolutions of 2010 can be read as a struggle against this neo-patrimonialist model in countries such as Egypt, Tunisia, and Syria. More than a decade after the outbreak of the revolutions, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether indeed these countries have overcome those obstacles to modernization and development identified by the German sociologist in Islamic societies.

Interpretation of Double Movement Theory in the Case of ‘The King Of Lip Service’

Fazlur Rahman thinking, in the contemporary Islamic world, is known as a figure who is able to convince in formulating methods to understand the Qur'an. The method brought by Fazlur Rahman in the formulation lies in the study of philosophy, social science, and humanities. The method brought by Fazlur Rahman is often referred to as double movement hermeneutics or hermeneutika gerakan ganda. The process involves repeated movements a number of times, especially the present and past problems of the contents of the Qur'an. In this study, there are two problems, how is the statement of BEM UI on the coronation of President Joko Widodo as 'The King of Lip Service' and the relevance of this to the verse of the Qur'an about keeping promises in QS. Ali 'Imran verse 77. This type of research is a study of literature with a double movement theory approach to seeking substantive matters in the law of the Qur'an regarding keeping promises. The results of this study are that leaders who do not keep their promises and are tyrannical to their people have existed since ancient times, one of which was after the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, for example, Al-Hakim Biamrillah Al-Fathimi. Even worse, nearing the end of the world, many unjust leaders will appear. The inclusion of President Joko Widodo as The King of Lip Service is a sign of dissatisfaction with Joko Widodo's words from reality.

Epistemology of Interdisciplinary Research at Islamic Study on State Islamic Religious Higher Education in Indonesia

Nowadays, Islamic studies research should not be limited to the use of the Nash text study paradigm, such as the classical Islamic scientific tradition. The monodisciplinary approach is no longer sufficient to answer the challenges of the times faced by Muslims in various worlds, for example, the problem of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit since 2019. Islamic studies using an interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach are expected to be the answer to the challenges of the modern and contemporary Islamic world today. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review related to interdisciplinary research in Islamic Studies by content analysis approach. In conclusion, first, there are some approaches applied to Islamic studies, namely normative theological, anthropological approaches, sociological approaches, philosophical approaches, historical approaches, cultural approaches, psychological approaches, and hermeneutic approaches. Secondly, in applying these interdisciplinary approaches to Islamic studies, problems can be solved using a number of approaches or points of view at once, for example using sociological, historical, and normative approaches simultaneously, or several other approaches. Third, the results of these interdisciplinary Islamic studies can develop, enrich and produce the intellectual treasures of Islamic studies at State Islamic Religious Higher Education in Indonesia (PTKIN)

Tabātabā’i: Theory of Iʿtibāriyyāt and His Political Philosophy

Tabātabā'i is one of the greatest philosophers in the contemporary Islamic world. In this paper, his significant contribution to Islamic philosophy, namely the theory of iʿtibāriyyāt, is discussed. He divides all knowledge into two categories; haqīqī, originating from the external world, and iʿtibārī, constructed out of human needs. The latter kind of knowledge is unreal in the sense that it originates from the soul rather than from the world. Yet it is real in the sense that its effects are visible in the world. Iʿtibāriyyāt can be further classified into categories. More importantly, they are formulated in terms of either being formed before a society is established, i.e., pre-society iʿtibāriyyāt, or being formed when there is already a society around, i.e., post-society iʿtibāriyyāt. The following section of the paper presents the application of Tabātabā'i’s theory in the context of his political philosophy. As we will explain, he seems to favour a religious regulating system when it comes to the content of laws. In contrast, he seems open to a non-religious form of political system insofar as he sympathizes with democracy.

Ibn Sina’s Theory of the Soul: A Taxonomy of Islamic Education

Ibn Sina’s theory of the soul possesses a logical-metaphysical categorisation of that concept, which allows for the designing of a new taxonomy of educational objectives. Its unique alteration of Aristotelian philosophy creates both an understanding of the natural relationship between categories, species, varieties, etc., and powerful inventive philosophical arguments and principles supporting the structural basis of monotheistic belief (tawhid). When speaking of the goals and objectives of the contemporary Islamic educational world, this approach also embraces the demands of the twenty-first century knowledge economy and the holistic development of the human being, enabling people to become critical, creative, innovative, and ethical without leaving religion behind. However, the new scene has created volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity among educators as to how to liaise the new curriculum and apply new assessment methods in their classrooms. This study intends to develop a taxonomy that will enable curriculum designers and Islamic educators to easily identify hierarchal and categorical human faculties and relate them to specific curricular objectives, proper classroom assessments, and suitable teaching methods. The taxonomy is designed using a philosophical-descriptive analysis of Ibn Sina’s theory of the soul and a logic-argumentative description of his human categorisation. The end result is a prototype taxonomy for future validity evaluation.

The Contributions of Muhammad Naqib Al-Attas in the Islamization of the Contemporary Islamic World

In the modern era, in the face of adherence to tradition and development, Islamic education has always been in a state of imbalance and dilemma: those who adhere to tradition believe that sciences outside religious books are not religious sciences but rather secular sciences, unworthy or unappreciated. As a result, the traditional education system is unable to cultivate talents suitable for social development; Whereas secular education follows the Western education model, which emphasizes only the indoctrination and teaching of applied disciplines, and ignores values education—leading to the development of social material and culture, the decline of civilization, the decline of morals, an increase in crime, and other modern social ills.

PEMIKIRAN FILSAFAT POLITIK ABDOLKARIM SOROUSH

The ideas of freedom, justice, democracy and secularism are the main themes in the study of political philosophy. This article attempts to explain Abdolkarim Soroush's political philosophy with the boundaries of themes regarding freedom, justice, secluralism and democracy. Abolkarim Soroush is a thinker in the contemporary Islamic world.

Research Subjects about the Comparison of British and Japanese Scholarship of Islam

All around the world, how we interpret the Islamic world objectively and accurately is an important topic for concerned scholars all over the world. Britain has a history of Islamic Studies for more than 400 years, and the current standard and research paradigm of Islamic Studies in the UK deserves our attention. It is of great practical significance for us to thoroughly and systematically understand the contemporary Islamic world in this special historical stage of great turbulence, great differentiation, and great change, and then comprehensively grasp the regional issues of Islam and build a discourse system of Islamic research with modern characteristics. In the past 30 years, Japanese academic circles have not been able to keep abreast of the development of Islamic Studies in the UK, let alone go deep into the frontier field of cultural communication. Based on this, through literature analysis and field visits, this Project intends to overview of the current situation of Islamic Studies in Britain and Japan, focusing on the two main paradigms of its cultural studies, and then to explore the how these academic efforts can benefit and impact the discourse construction of Islamic Studies in Japan and UK.

Muhammad Abduh and His Epistemology of Reform: Its Essential Impact on Rashid Rida

<p>This paper analyze the influence of Muhammad ‘Abduh on his chief disciple, Muhammad Rashid Rida. Rida was the leading advocate of Abduh’s rational principle and modern ideas through his writing in <em>Tafsir al-Manar</em> (<em>The Manar Commentary</em>) and <em>Tarikh al-Ustadh al-Imam Muhammad Abduh</em> (<em>Biography of Muhammad Abduh</em>). <em>Tafsir al-Manar</em> is a Qur’anic exegesis based on rational approach outlined by Muhammad ‘Abduh and the <em>Tarikh</em> is a comprehensive biography of the life and works of Muhammad Abduh printed in three volumes that significantly documented Abduh’s lasting influence and legacy in modern Egypt. Rida continued to resolutely champion the ideas of reform through <em>Majallat al-Manar</em> (<em>al-Manar Journal</em>) that highly reverberated Abduh’s principles and remarkably claimed extensive influence in contemporary Islamic world.</p>

イスラーム法（シャリーア）の構造的理解と 現代イスラーム世界の政治・経済の新動向： イスラーム法源学を手がかりとした解析視座の確立をめざして

イスラーム法（シャリーア）の構造的理解と 現代イスラーム世界の政治・経済の新動向： イスラーム法源学を手がかりとした解析視座の確立をめざして

Philosophy of Science in Islamic Thought Perspective

<span class="fontstyle0">Tracing a starting point that is very important from the traditional Islamic sciences, modern Western science was developed such that it adopts a philosophical footing. Unlike modern Islamic science, the philosophical footing is to be distinguished from the philosophical foundation of Islamic science. Indeed, Islamic science main concern is closely related to the basic philosophy of science issues is growing and is recognized today, including science paradigms and methodologies developed in the modern world that is more influenced by the thinking paradigm of the modern secular Western philosophy. This implies bias in epistemology and axiology between science and moral paradigm developed in Islam. In the practical level of science that was developed to be dried from a religious touch, these conditions afflict various disciplines of knowledge that Muslims studied. Therefore, Muslims increasingly need to differentiate between Islam and science that is not Islamic. Today, not many intellectual issues are more important to the contemporary Islamic world beyond the relationship between Islam and modern science.</span> <br /><br />

مطالعۀ رویکرد معماران در طراحی مساجد معاصر (نمونۀ موردی: مساجد جندی‌شاپور اهواز، شیخ بن زائد ابوظبی، مرعشی مصر، کلن، ولیعصر تهران)

AbstractThis article studies the approach applied by the architects of the contemporary Islamic world to design and build mosques in different parts of the world. In this research, five contemporary mosques, built from 1968 to 2019, were selected and analyzed to figure out to what extent contemporary architects have used traditional architectural styles, their creativity or contemporary art forms to design mosques, and in case of putting aside traditional practices, what new ideas they applied to maintain the social and spiritual functions of mosques. In this research, the design method of the Jundishapur Mosque in Ahvaz, the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, the Marashi Mosque in Egypt, the Cologne Central Mosque, the Valiasr Mosque in Tehran was studied. The architect’s approach and the designer’s suggestions to replace old methods with new ones and whether it succeeded to fulfill the visual and spiritual functions of the mosque based on the requirements of Islamic mosque design were investigated for each of the case studies. The research data was collected through bibliographical and field studies and was examined using a descriptive-analytical method.

Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures by Bernard K. Freamon

The last several years have seen an explosion of scholarly interest in slavery in the Islamic world and other global contexts. Recent contributions to this field include Jonathan A.C. Brown’s Slavery in Islam and Mary Ann Fay’s edited volume, Slavery in the Islamic World; a new edition of Orlando Patterson’s seminal Slavery and Social Death has also recently been published with a new preface. With his ambitious and erudite monograph, Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures, Bernard K. Freamon intervenes in this field from the perspective of a legal scholar. His legal focus emerges most strongly in the final two chapters, in which he urges Muslims and scholars of Islam to confront the continued legacy of slavery in the contemporary Islamic world. This exhortation is embedded within a broadly transhistorical and transregional study of slavery in the Middle East and Indian Ocean, ranging from ancient Persia to 19th-century Zanzibar to contemporary Arabia. Most of this historical material is based on a synthesis of secondary scholarship, rather than a new analysis of primary sources. Download

The Influence of Abduh’s Principle On Rashid Rida

This paper analyze the influence of Muhammad ‘Abduh on his chief disciple, Muhammad Rashid Rida. Rida was the leading advocate of Abduh’s rational principle and modern ideas through his writing in Tafsir al-Manar (The Manar Commentary) and Tarikh al-Ustadh al-Imam Muhammad Abduh (Biography of Muhammad Abduh). Tafsir al-Manar is a Qur’anic exegesis based on rational approach outlined by Muhammad ‘Abduh and the Tarikh is a comprehensive biography of the life and works of Muhammad Abduh printed in three volumes that significantly documented Abduh’s lasting influence and legacy in modern Egypt. Rida continued to resolutely champion the ideas of reform through Majallat al-Manar (al-Manar Journal) that highly reverberated Abduh’s principles and remarkably claimed extensive influence in contemporary Islamic world.

Divergent Islamic perspectives: yoga through the lens of societal custom

ABSTRACT The concept of Islamic legal custom, or ‘urf occupies an important place within the Islamic legal system. Legal custom has been key in shaping localised Islamic interpretations towards cultural practices and activities. The indispensable role of custom is evident in the modern context where it has played a significant role in modern Islamic jurisprudence in the process of formulating law in response to new practices and norms. In an attempt to map the significance of custom in the Islamic legal framework, we will present a discussion on the divergent Islamic legal perspectives on yoga. In using yoga as a case study, this paper will first discuss the debates surrounding the status of yoga in the contemporary Islamic world. We will then look at how the legal framework around the role of custom shapes the discourse regarding yoga and its permissibility for Muslims. We argue these religious verdicts are shaped by socio-political and economic factors including whether Muslims have been introduced to yoga by Hindu citizens or through its commercialised form. Finally, we end the article by discussing the emergence of an ‘Islamic Yoga’, which is a product of utilising custom as a mediated legal tool.