Contamination Of Water Bodies Research Articles

Sustainable Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Biochar for the Sorptive Removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) from Water

The unregulated discharge of synthetic dyes from various anthropogenic and industrial activities has resulted in the contamination of different environmental compartments. These dyes can contaminate water bodies, soil, and even the air, resulting in many environmental and health issues. True colors may persist for long periods, thereby affecting the aesthetics and ecology of dye-contaminated areas. Furthermore, they pose potential risks to aquatic life and human health through the ingestion or absorption of dye-contaminated water or food. Acid orange 7 (AO7) is a synthetic azo dye used in the textile, tanning, food, pharmaceutical, paint, electronics, cosmetics, and paper and pulp industries. AO7 can have various human health implications, such as dermatitis, nausea, severe headache, respiratory tract irritation, and bone marrow depletion, due to its high toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Efforts to regulate and mitigate dye pollution (AO7) are crucial for environmental sustainability and public health. Therefore, this study aimed to remove AO7 from water using sustainable biochar. This objective was accomplished by pyrolyzing dried Napier grass at 700 °C to develop affordable and sustainable Napier grass biochar (NGBC700). The developed biochar was characterized for its surface morphology, surface functional groups, surface area, and elemental composition. The yield, moisture content, and ash content of the NGBC700 were approximately 31%, 6%, and 21%, respectively. The NGBC700’s BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area was 108 . Batch sorption studies were carried out at different pH levels (2–10), biochar dosages (1, 2, 3, and 4 ), and AO7 concentrations (10, 20, and 30 . The kinetic data were better fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) equation (R2 = 0.964–0.997) than the pseudo-first-order (PFO) equation (R2 = 0.789–0.988). The Freundlich isotherm equation (R2 = 0.965–0.994) fitted the sorption equilibrium data better than the Langmuir equation (R2 = 0.788–0.987), suggesting AO7 sorption on heterogenous NGBC700. The maximum monolayer AO7 adsorption capacities of the NGBC700 were 14.3, 12.7, and 8.4 at 10, 25, and 40 °C, respectively. The column AO7 sorption capacity was 4.4. Fixed-bed AO7 sorption data were fitted to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson column models. The NGBC700 efficiently removed AO7 from locally available dye-laden wastewater. NGBC700 was regenerated using different NaOH concentrations. Possible interactions contributing to AO7 sorption on NGBC700 include hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π–π electron donor–acceptor attractions. The estimated total preparation cost of NGBC700 was US$ 6.02 kg−1. The developed sustainable NGBC700 is potentially cost-effective and environmentally friendly, and it utilizes waste (Napier grass) to eliminate fatal AO7 dye from aqueous media.

A Review of Recent Developments on Modeling Low Impact Development (LID) Technique

Urban areas are more susceptible to flooding and water body contamination due to the detrimental effects of urbanization. As a result, a sustainable urban drainage system, also known as low impact development (LID) technique, is required. Although this technique can be extensively applied, the planning and design processes are multi-dimensional, multi-variable, and site-specific, which must consider various local conditions and factors. Consequently, these processes can be very complicated and time-consuming for professionals, necessitating support from computer modeling. This study intends to thoroughly explore the idea of LID modeling, various available computer models, and other tools for its optimization and decision-making processes. The most recent trustworthy journal publications that addressed the subjects under discussion were reviewed. This paper used the descriptive and comparative approaches as the analytical methods. According to the findings of the review, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is the computer model in LID modeling that is most frequently employed. This model is a fundamental package for dynamic urban rainfall-runoff modeling, and it has the benefits of being lightweight, simple to use, and an intuitive user interface. Besides, this model is public domain (free to use), open source, and interoperable with many hydro modeling applications. A specific LID editor module is also included in this model for modeling different LID units. To acquire the best LID planning and design from multiple criteria and alternatives, it is also necessary to use metaheuristic algorithms as an optimization model and a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model in addition to the rainfall-runoff model. The authors believe combining the hydrologic and hydraulics models integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), metaheuristic algorithms, and MCDM is the most comprehensive and appropriate method for LID modeling in urban watersheds.

Accessing the Potential of Bismuth Oxide Nanosheets for an incredible revelation in the removal of contamination in water bodies

<p>Water contamination is a pressing global issue with far-reaching environmental, health, and socio-economic consequences. As the demand for clean water intensifies, researchers are exploring innovative nanomaterials to develop efficient and sustainable water treatment technologies. The Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanosheets were synthesized using a sustainable approach comprising Moringa oleifera seed extract as a biological capping and reducing agent. Analytical techniques were utilized to inspect the prepared nanosheets' crystalline, morphological, and optical characteristics. The optical properties, including light absorption and bandgap width, were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy using a bandgap energy of 4.65 eV. In addition, the nanosheet's ability to degrade cationic malachite green and Rhodamine 6G dye and anionic eosin yellow and reactive black dyes by photocatalysis was evaluated. The degradation of cationic and anionic dyes was characterized by nanocatalysis using UV-visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The pseudo-first-order degradation kinetic rate of malachite green and Rhodamine 6G was determined to be 3.46 and 3.20 X 10-2 min-1, indicating that the prepared nanosheets effectively initiate this dye's degradation. The results showed dye degradation was more effective at cationic dyes than anionic dyes.</p>

Novel chitosan-modified biochar prepared from a Chinese herb residue for multiple heavy metals removal: Characterization, performance and mechanism

In this study, the sorption properties of Cr(VI), As(III), and Pb(II) on chitosan-modified magnetic biochar (CMBC) derived from residues of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. were investigated. CMBC was found to be a valuable material for removing three heavy metals from water simultaneously. Kinetic analysis suggested Cr(VI), As(III), and Pb(II) were chemisorbed onto CMBC, while isotherm data conformed well to Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of CMBC was found to be 65.74 mg/g for Cr(VI), 49.32 mg/g for As(III), and 69.45 mg/g for Pb(II). Experiments, characterization, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explore the mechanisms. Furthermore, CMBC demonstrated excellent removal rates of over 95% for Cr(VI), 99% for As(III) and Pb(II) from contaminated water bodies. This work shows that CMBC holds significant potential for wastewater treatment of heavy metals and provides an effective solution for the utilization of Chinese herb residues in environmental remediation.

Comprehensive analysis of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites distribution and toxicity in urban water bodies

This study addresses the increasing concern regarding cyanotoxin contamination of water bodies, highlighting the diversity of these toxins and their potential health implications. Cyanobacteria, which are prevalent in aquatic environments, produce toxic metabolites, raising concerns regarding human exposure and associated health risks, including a potential increase in cancer risk. Although existing research has primarily focused on well-known cyanotoxins, recent technological advancements have revealed numerous unknown cyanotoxins, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of multiple toxin categories. To enhance the cyanotoxin databases, we optimized the CyanoMetDB cyanobacterial secondary metabolites database by incorporating secondary fragmentation patterns using the Mass Frontier fragmentation data prediction software. Water samples from diverse locations in Shanghai were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the toxicity of cyanobacterial metabolites in the water samples was examined through acute toxicity assays using the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. After 24 h of exposure, the semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) of the water samples ranged from 0.31 mg L−1 to 1.78 mg L−1 (MC-LR equivalent concentration). Our findings revealed a critical correlation between the overall concentration of cyanobacterial metabolites and toxicity. The robust framework and insights of this study underscore the need for an inclusive approach to water quality management, emphasizing continuous efforts to refine detection methods and comprehend the broader ecological impact of cyanobacterial blooms on aquatic ecosystems.

Amphiphilic N-halamine copolymer antibacterial nanoparticles with hydrogen-donor and hydrogen-acceptor

Bacterial contamination in water bodies is potentially transmissible to humans, making water bodies a major pathway of bacterial transmission. However, existing hydantoin copolymer nanoparticles did not achieve the regulation of nanoparticle dispersion and particle size by adjusting the ratio of hydrogen-donors and hydrogen-acceptors. To tackle this issue, amphiphilic hydantoin copolymer nanoparticles (P(VBDH-BA-NVP)NPs) were synthesized by modulating hydrogen-donors and hydrogen-acceptors using emulsion polymerization, and amphiphilic N-halamine copolymer nanoparticles (P(ClV-BA-NVP)NPs) were subsequently prepared via chlorination treatment. Impressively, nanoparticle dispersion and particle size were modulated by adjusting the ratio of hydrogen-donors and hydrogen-acceptors. With the increase of nanoparticle dispersion and the decrease of particle size, the active chlorine content was gradually enlarged, and the antibacterial performance was progressively enhanced against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). More importantly, amphiphilic N-halamine copolymer nanoparticles with two-dimensional dispersing (2DD-P(ClV-BA-NVP)NPs) exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, which benefited from the dual coordination of direct contact killing and indirect release killing in aqueous medium. Through designing P(VBDH-BA-NVP)NPs with hydrogen bond interactions, this approach aims to achieve the constitutive relationship between the effective exposure of active sites and the antibacterial effect.

Synergistic photocatalytic removal of moxifloxacin from aqueous solutions using ZnO-Fe3O4-chitosan composites

The escalating contamination of water bodies with antibiotic residues is an urgent environmental and public health issue. This study aimed to fabricate an innovative photocatalytic composite (CMZ) by combining chitosan, magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and zinc oxide (ZnO) for efficiently removing antibiotic moxifloxacin (MFX) water. Comprehensive characterization of the fabricated CMZ was performed using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm analysis. The synergistic incorporation of ZnO, Fe3O4, and chitosan in the CMZ composite altered the structural properties of ZnO and chitosan The band gap energy of CMZ was 2.58 eV, significantly boosting its photocatalytic effectiveness under visible light exposure. The CMZ composites exhibited a high efficiency in catalyzing MFX degradation in aqueous environments. The optimal conditions for MFX degradation were established, including a neutral pH level of 7, a 90 min exposure to irradiation, and employing 0.1 g of the CMZ catalyst. The degradation process obeyed closely to the first-order kinetic model. The CMZ material showed consistently high performance in degrading MFX across four consecutive reuse cycles, emphasizing its practical applicability for mitigating antibiotic pollution.

Coupling hydrological and sanitation datasets to simulate wastewater-derived contamination in European rivers: Model development and calibration

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges of microcontaminants negatively impact freshwater streams, underscoring the need for accurately mapping wastewater-derived contamination in water bodies across Europe (EU). In this study, we present a fast and open-source code for a microcontaminants fate and transport (MFT) model, capable of simulating contamination at a high resolution (15 arc second scale) across the EU. The model was developed using the best publicly available hydrological (HydroSHEDS) and sanitation (UWWTD) datasets and was rigorously calibrated, with a goodness of fit of 77.5% as measured by the R2. Importantly, the model demonstrated the ability to predict wastewater-derived contamination in water bodies, making it a valuable tool for planning the upgrade of WWTPs and improving the ecological condition of freshwater streams in the EU.

Contribution of Livestock Farming to Environmental Pollution in China

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine contribution of livestock farming to environmental pollution in China. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that livestock farming in China significantly contributes to environmental pollution, posing substantial challenges to water, air, and soil quality. Intensive livestock operations, characterized by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), generate large quantities of animal waste containing nutrients and pathogens that contaminate water bodies. Additionally, livestock farming contributes to air pollution through emissions of ammonia and other pollutants, particularly in areas with intensive farming practices. Soil degradation and nutrient imbalance further exacerbate environmental degradation, with higher livestock densities associated with increased soil compaction and nutrient runoff. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Tragedy of the Commons & Ecological Modernization Theory may be used to anchor future studies on contribution of livestock farming to environmental pollution in China. Promote the adoption of sustainable livestock management practices through capacity building, training, and extension services for farmers. Encourage the implementation of integrated farming systems that optimize resource use, minimize waste generation, and enhance environmental resilience. Strengthen regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with environmental standards and promote responsible livestock production. Implement stringent measures to control water pollution from livestock waste, including mandatory wastewater treatment and monitoring programs.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Maxilon Dye Pollutants using Nano‐Architecture Functional Materials: A Review

AbstractThe most essential task in the twenty‐first century is to fight the alarming growing pollution in the aquatic body in which effluent of one of the most colouring dye categories called maxilon dye is a major contributor. This review thus specifically focuses on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for photocatalytic degradation of maxilon dye contaminants in water bodies. The work empirically presented the performance evaluation of NPs in degrading maxilon dyes under light irradiation alongside the underlying operational photocatalytic degradation mechanism. The stability of NPs was also critically analyzed by looking at the regenerability and reusability of expended NPs. From the study, it was discovered that ⋅OH and O2⋅ played a vital role in the genesis of the oxidizing capacity of NPs for the photocatalytic breakdown of maxilon dye. Moreover, it was found that the degradation performance of most NPs is greater than 80 % and the shortest degradation period is < 1 hour with pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) being the most common kinetic best‐fit to describe the adsorption process that occurred shortly before and during the degradation operation. At the end, knowledge gaps were identified in the area of regenerability, the lifecycle analyses of nano‐photocatalyst fabrication and utilization, cost analysis for industrial scale‐up, maxilon dye ecotoxicological study, and degradation pathways. The findings of this study can open up insightful innovation for readers and industries that are interested in pursuing zero water insecurity.

Multi-stage batch adsorption of acephate onto cauliflower like Fe3O4-MMT: Characterization and statistical optimization using response surface methodology

Globally acephate (an organophosphate pesticide) contaminates water bodies, and detriment to the biota is cancer-causing and neurotoxic which needs to be safely removed. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of magnetic montmorillonite (Fe3O4-MMT) as an adsorbent for the adsorption of acephate. The features and characteristics of the nanocomposite were traced by XRD, SEM-EDX, gas sorption analysis, FTIR, and XRF. RSM techniques were used to identify the optimal process variables that result in the highest removal. The numerical optimization of optimum variables corresponds to an initial acephate concentration of 2 mg/L, pH 6 and material adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/L. The uptake of acephate achieved 83.18 % under optimum environs. Dual factors i.e., concentration and dosage remarked as vital parameters that affected the response from ANOVA. Results revealed that equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted with Langmuir and kinetic data were well described by pseudo-first order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy and Gibb’s energy were evaluated and the effect of temperature on acephate adsorption was studied. Greater acephate adsorption onto on Fe3O4 serves as an excellent material for pesticide mitigation.

Optimization of Hazardous Malachite Green Dye Removal Process Using Double Derivatized Guar Gum Polymer: A Fractional Factorial L9 Approach

The dye molecules are one of the water-polluting agents among other contaminants in water bodies and impart unsuitability. In recent years, bio-based materials have attracted considerable attention for varied industrial applications due to their abundant availability on a sustainable basis, biodegradability, cost and energy efficiency. The present study hypothesized to synthesize carboxymethyl-hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPGG) dual derivative to remove malachite green dye from an aqueous medium using Taguchi's L9 design. The 73 % dye adsorption was achieved using CMHPGG, comprising carboxymethyl (DS 0.58) and hydroxypropyl (0.128 %) groups. The temperature, pH of the medium and amount of CMHPGG were selected as dye adsorption process control factors. The optimized reaction conditions comprise pH 5, CMHPGG-2, 250 mg/100 mL, and a temperature of 45°C. The characteristic asymmetric (1643 cm−1) and symmetric (1590 cm−1) absorption bands (-COO¯) were observed in the CMHPGG. The roughness was observed on the surface that was increased on derivatization. The thermal behaviour revealed better thermal stability compared to native GG.

Source Apportionment and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in an Urban Waterbody

AbstractWith increasing contamination of waterbodies, access to clean drinking water has become a challenge. Preventing further contamination and cleaning up of existing contamination are the immediate steps to address this challenge. For this, the sources of contamination and their relative contributions need to be ascertained. The bottom sediments from an urban waterbody named “Conolly Canal” was analyzed for heavy metal contamination. The level of contamination of the waterbody was assessed using Pollution Load Index. A Monte Carlo analysis (MCA) was performed on the heavy metals concentrations measured to apportion the contribution among the identified sources. The results of MCA were used to proportion the concentration of chemicals among the responsible parties based on the concentration of the contaminants in the waterbody. The study presents a robust procedure for source apportionment, which can be adopted in similar situations.

Controlled synthesis of CoFe@TiN composites and their rapid and efficient degradation of emerging organic pollutants: RhB as an example

Fast removal of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) is very important for the remediation of the water environment. Therefore, in this study, we used a simple grinding-calcined assembly method to prepare CoFe@TiN metallic composite, which possessed superb peroxy disulfate (PDS) activation ability with efficient pollutant degradation and excellent cyclic utilization. Rhodamine B, a highly representative and extensively used EOP, was adopted as a model pollutant, showing that it was completely degraded within only 9 min by the CoFe@TiN/PDS. During the degradation, superoxide radical (O2•−) were the main active oxygen species responsible for pollutant degradation. Further analysis showed that the synergistic effect of Fe(III)/Co(II) effectively activated the PDS to degrade the pollutant. In practical applications, the CoFe@TiN/PDS system can resist the influence of complex matrix in water and effectively remove EOPs in real water bodies. This study comprehensively evaluates the ability of the CoFe@TiN/PDS system to remove EOPs and thus provides a new scenario or pathway for the removal of EOPs in real contaminated water bodies.

Parametric and Kinetic Study of Nitrate Removal from Water by Modified Chitosan Composite Beads

The contamination of water bodies with harmful pollutants considers an aggravating global problem. The current research focuses on a developing efficient adsorbed for removing nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. The study proposed modified chitosan-zeolite composite beads to enhance the performance of the adsorption process. The zeolite was used to increase the surface area, and Zirconium was loaded on the beads to promote the selectivity for nitrate anions. The adsorption mechanism was assessed by characterizing the beads and sorbate adsorbed beads utilizing X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and analysis with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The experiments were conducted in a batch system, and the effect of key parameters like contact time, initial nitrate anion concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption performance was investigated. The results demonstrated that the highest removal of nitrate ions was determined to be 95.42% at 0.2 g of Cs-Ze-Zr adsorbent with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L and a contact time of 120 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nitrate ions on the manufactured bead was 80.15 mg/g. In addition, among the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms, the isotherm equilibrium data were consistent with a Freundlich isotherm model. The kinetic data for adsorption were satisfactorily fitted by a pseudo-first order. Subsequently, the results distinctly indicated that the proposed adsorbed (Cs-Ze-Zr) could be employed fruitfully in removing nitrate ions, demonstrated through the remarkable removal efficiency and adsorption capacity obtained in the study.

Advanced Hybrid Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotics Remediation from Wastewater

AbstractIncreasing contamination of water bodies with antibiotics has necessitated the development of novel mitigation methods. Many studies have applied adsorption and photocatalytic processes using different nanoparticles, metal‐organic frameworks, etc., as sorbents and photocatalysts for antibiotics removal. Among these materials, the development of molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) is desirable owing to their low cost, structural predictability, detection at deficient concentrations, and versatile applicability. These attributes further encouraged researchers to fabricate hybrid MIP‐based materials to abate antibiotic contamination in wastewater. This review summarizes recent studies that deal with conventional and hybrid MIPs such as MIPs‐hybrid carbon nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials, advanced MIP‐based sensors, and photocatalytic materials MIPs for synergic adsorption/separation of antibiotic residuals from wastewater. Economic perspectives of the emerging hybrid materials are also discussed. Some limitations, research gaps, and future potentials for further advancement and efficient remediation results are outlined.

Industrial dye effluent degradation and in-vitro biological characteristics of MgO NPs anchored few layered g-C3N4 nanoribbons

In recent years, contaminated water consumption by humans and animals are lead to various types of diseases and environmental pollutant. Especially textile dye effluents are the highest contaminants in water bodies than any other industries. This article reports a green process for synthesizing MgO nanoparticles supported by the exfoliated g-C3N4 nano composites for dye effluent treatment. The cubic and hexagonal phase structure was achieved for synthesized MgO NPs and E-GCN, respectively, with spherical and curled ribbon-like morphology. The specific surface area was measured as 70.48, 54.22, and 79.11 m2/g, respectively, for MgO NPs, E-GCN, and MgO/E-GCN nanocomposite. Similarly, corresponding optical properties were achieved with an energy gap of 3.42, 2.48, and 2.78 eV. XPS analysis confirms the formation of MgO/E-GCN nanocomposite by detecting their characteristic elemental peaks. The bioactivities including antibacterial, turbidimetric, and antioxidant efficacy, were also investigated. Thus, the MgO/E-GCN nanocomposites was exhibitd greater susceptibility against pathogenic bacteria due to its production of high reactive oxygen species. Further, the catalysts were used to degrade cationic dye (Crystal Violet) and anionic dye (Eosin Yellow) under sunlight exposure. The photocatalytic efficiency of MgO/E-GCN nanocomposite was highly influenced towards CV (98.9 %) and EY (97.33 %) dye degradation, because of its high surface area with active UV–Visible region. Therefore, the combination of naturally inspired MgO NPs and morphologically modified E-GCN nanocomposites are being a sustainable material development for environmental remediation and biological applications.

Contact-electro-catalysis for degradation of trace antibiotics in wastewater

Antibiotic contamination of water bodies is a major concern in environmental management. Despite their superior efficacy in antibiotic removal, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have yet to be widely adopted owing to their substantial cost associated with the large amounts of chemicals required. In this study, a novel contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) process with reusable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles as a trigger catalyst was applied to replace traditional AOPs, and it was able to degrade three typical antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole [SMX], ciprofloxacin [CIP], and tetracycline [TET]) in the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant for the first time. The PTFE particles at a concentration of 0.8 g/L were introduced into antibiotic solutions with an antibiotic concentration of 1 mg/L, and the removal rates of SMX, CIP, and TET after a 90-min operation time reached 50 %, 80 %, and 90 %, respectively. Our findings revealed that the CEC reaction generated ●OH and 1O2, contributing substantially to antibiotic degradation. Thus, new reactive oxygen species generation mechanisms during the CEC process were proposed. Furthermore, we fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membranes using electrospinning to recycle PTFE particles, where a nearly 100 % recovery rate through dead-end filtration was realized with a high water flux of 7.5 m3/(m2∙h). The results of this study provide a promising approach for antibiotic removal from wastewater.

The leachate from the Urban Solid Waste Transfer Station produces neurotoxicity in Wistar rats

Leachate from municipal solid waste is a mixture of xenobiotics capable of contaminating bodies of water and causing damage to the health of living beings that inhabit or consume contaminated water. A previous study revealed the presence of heavy metals in Urban Solid Waste Transfer Station (USWTS) leachate above the permissible national and international limits. In the present study, we demonstrate that subchronic oral administration (5 and 25 % v/v) of leachate to male Wistar rats caused changes in the immunoreactivity of the glial markers: GFAP and Iba-1, accompanied by an increase in the expression of caspase-3, and a decrease in the expression of the NeuN protein. Results indicate that the heavy metals present in the leachate induced neuronal loss in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting that these contaminants can cause neurological problems in mammals that consume surface water with xenobiotics, since the leachate could contaminate water bodies and underground water.

Phytoremediation of metal nanoparticles from the contaminated water bodies: A review

Phytoremediation of metal nanoparticles from the contaminated water bodies: A review