COVID-19 Contamination Research Articles

Determining the Relationship between the Age of the Children of Mothers Exposed to Covid-19 and their Fear and Concerns

Covid-19' un yayılması, annelerde aileleri için daha yüksek düzeyde korku ve kaygı yaşamalarına neden olmuştur. Çalışma ile Covid-19 bulaşına maruz kalan annelerin çocuklarının yaşları ile Covid-19 korku ve kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki farkın incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Vakalar Eylül – Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir hastanenin Covid-19 İzolasyon Servisinde yatan kadınlardan oluşturulmuştur. Veriler, araştırmaya katılım sağlayan kadınların Anne Bilgi Formu, Covid – 19 Korku Ölçeği ve Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile verdikleri yanıtlar ile toplanmıştır. Annelerin yaşları 18-49 arasında değişmektedir. Aile ve sosyal destek görmeyen annelerin çocuklarına olan korku ve kaygısı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Annenin yaşı ile çocuklarına olan korku ve kaygı durumu arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çocuğun yaşı ile annenin korku ve kaygısı arasında da anlamlı fark saptanmıştır. İleri analizlerde annelerin 0-18 yaş aralığında olan çocuklarının yaşı arttıkça korku ve kaygısının arttığı sonucu bulunmuştur. Annelerin kaygı ve korku puanlarının çocuklarının yaşı arttıkça azaldığı bulgusu, Covid-19 sürecinde ruh sağlığı hizmeti ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı planlamanın önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Annelerin kendi ve çocuklarının sağlığı için korku ve kaygılarının anlaşılması, giderilmesi ve çocuklarını Covid-19’ dan ya da gelecekteki olası salgın hastalıklarından korunmaları için bilgilendirilmeleri önemlidir.

Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Change the Anaesthesia Preferences of Pregnant Women for Caesarean Section?

The COVID-19 disease has become a new cause of anxiety for pregnant women regarding caesarean sections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anaesthesia preferences of pregnant women who preferred general anaesthesia in their previous caesarean sections during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 140 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45, who had undergone elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia, were included in the study. Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied. The primary cause of anxiety and anaesthesia preference was asked and recorded. It was found that 50.7% (71/140) of the pregnant women who preferred general anaesthesia in their previous caesarean sections preferred regional anaesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also found that patients with primary anxiety because of COVID-19 contagion preferred regional anaesthesia more (36/55), and the primary reason for anxiety in these patients was COVID-19 contamination anxiety (36/71). Informing the patients about the pandemic precautions in the surgery room and in the hospital during the pandemic, as well as routine information in the preoperative anaesthesia appointment, may be effective in the choice of regional anaesthesia, which is considered to have a low risk of transmission.

The use of teledentistry and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in dental and oral health services for the elderly in the era of the covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Objective: This paper aims to determine the use of teledentistry and AI in the elderly to maintain the health of their oral cavity and teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methods: Technology in dentistry today is developing very rapidly, improving the quality of dental and oral health services. During the pandemic, the elderly has concerns about Covid-19 contamination when they have to see a dentist. Their situation has led to discussions and efforts to use teledentistry and Artificial intelligence to facilitate services and care for the elderly during the pandemic.
 Results: Teledentistry is used as a medium for consultation, diagnosis, referral system, treatment, and follow-up. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in diagnostic, patient data management, restoration, and CAD/CAM-based denture manufacture, detecting periodontal disease, and dental radiology.
 Conclusion: Teledentistry and AI can be a promising alternative in dental and oral health services to reduce anxiety and fear of contamination with Covid-19. The technologies make it easier for health workers, especially dentists, to maintain and improve the quality of life of the elderly during the pandemic.

Symptomatic or asymptomatic SAR-CoV-2 positive divers should be medically evaluated before returning to scuba diving.

Introduction: In order to allow the resumption of diving activities after a COVID-19 infection, French military divers are required to undergo a medical fitness to dive (FTD) assessment. We present here the results of this medical evaluation performed 1month after the infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed between April 2020 and February 2021 200 records of divers suspected of COVID-19 contamination. Data collected included physical examination, ECG, blood biochemistry, chest CT scan and spirometry. Results: 145 PCR-positive subjects were included, representing 8.5% of the total population of French military divers. Two divers were hospitalized, one for pericarditis and the other for non-hypoxemic pneumonia. For the other 143 divers, physical examination, electrocardiogram and blood biology showed no abnormalities. However 5 divers (3.4%) had persistent subjective symptoms including fatigability, exertional dyspnea, dysesthesias and anosmia. 41 subjects (29%) had significant decreases in forced expiratory flows at 25-75% and 50% on spirometry (n = 20) or bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest CT scan (n = 24). Only 3 subjects were affected on both spirometry and chest CT. 45% of these abnormalities were found in subjects who were initially asymptomatic or had non-respiratory symptoms. In case of abnormalities, normalization was obtained within 3months. The median time to return to diving was 45days (IQR 30, 64). Conclusion: Our study confirms the need for standardized follow-up in all divers after COVID-19 infection and for maintaining a rest period before resuming diving activities.

A face-to-face national congress experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report focussing on the risk of COVID-19 contamination

Background The Congress of the National College of Academic General Practitioners took place in France in June 2021. In total, 1300 participants were registered, provoking concerns about the risk of COVID-19 contamination. Objectives The study objective was to report participation in the first French face-to-face medical congress after restrictions due to COVID-19 and whether it resulted in COVID-19 contamination. Methods We performed two web-based surveys of respectively 46 and 33 questions. The first questionnaire was sent to all congress participants during the congress (and to a panel of non-participants) and investigated demographic characteristics, medical conditions, behaviours related to COVID-19 contamination risk, and the interest of face-to-face congress as compared to virtual congress. Two weeks after the congress, a questionnaire was addressed to the same population and to university General Practice departments to identify incident COVID-19 cases among participants. Results A total of 1001 general practitioners and residents completed the first questionnaire; 752 participated in the congress. The respondents were mainly women (61.3%), with a mean age of 35 (SD 10) years, 96.2% had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and 11.4% considered themselves at risk for a severe form of COVID-19 for medical reasons. Concerning the interest in attending the congress face-to-face, mean score was 9 over 10 (SD 1.5). No case of COVID-19 was reported among participants according to the second questionnaire (449 respondents). Conclusion During a world pandemic, even participants considering themselves at risk came to a medical congress, highlighting the networking and social aspects of a face-to-face congress.

Clinical characteristics and risk for severe COVID-19: a systematic review

COVID-19 has evolved into a serious clinical condition, especially in patients with comorbidities. However, the literature has diverged in relation to the main characteristics of patients prone to severe evolution. Objective: This study aimed to understand different variables that may be associated with the clinical management of COVID-19 for a better clinical response and prognosis. Methods: This is a systematic review in which the search in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and LILACS databases. A manual and gray literature search on Google Scholar was also conducted. There was no country or region restriction and only studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Results: Of the 21 studies included in Primary Health Care (PHC) for eligibility, five studies from five countries involving 27,754 patients were analysed and, of the four eligible studies, one study was included for secondary care. Overall, the mean age of the COVID-19 population in PHC was around 41 years old, the number of cases was higher for females and, there was no difference between the groups without and with exposure, sex (ρ=0.322) and age (ρ=0.395). More than half of the patients had symptoms and, 47% had comorbidities. Heart diseases were the most prevalent among them. Approximately 79% of those infected had non-essential occupation. There was evidence that non-essential occupation was associated with infected individuals (ρ=0.002). Conclusions: This review identified that there may be greater vulnerability to contamination and aggravation of COVID-19 in female individuals, with adult age in non-essential activity, presence of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Association between COVID-19 stress, coping mechanisms and stress-related oral conditions among Egyptian adults: a cross-sectional study

The present study investigated the association between COVID-19 stresses and oral conditions including gingivitis, oral hygiene, oral ulcers, and dry mouth. This was a cross-sectional study that collected data from adults in community settings in Alexandria, Egypt, between October 2021, and February 2022. Gingival condition and oral hygiene were assessed using the gingival and plaque indices. Participants were asked if they experienced oral ulcers during the past week and dry mouth during the past year. COVID-19 fears and coping were assessed using the COVID Stress Scale (CSS), and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS), respectively. Oral health behaviors were assessed using the World Health Organization questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between the dependent variables (clinically assessed gingival and plaque indices, reported presence of oral ulcers, and dry mouth) and explanatory variables (CSS and BRCS) after adjusting for confounders (COVID-19 status, oral health behaviors, smoking, age in years, sex, and highest educational level). The response rate was 88.8% (373/420). The mean (SD) age = 39.26 (11.45) with 74.3% females and 49.3% reporting completing high school or higher education. The mean (SD) plaque and gingival indices were 1.59 (0.66) and 1.39 (0.59), respectively. Only 20.1% reported the presence of oral ulcers and 41.6% reported xerostomia. Lower plaque score was associated with higher COVID-19 contamination fears (B = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.02) and higher compulsive checking and reassurance-seeking (B = − 0.02, 95% CI − 0.03, − 0.009). Lower gingival score was associated with higher COVID-19 contamination fears (B = − 0.02, 95% CI − 0.03, − 0.002). Higher odds of reporting dry mouth were associated with greater fear of COVID-19 socioeconomic consequences (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.001, 1.09), and lower coping scores (AOR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.99). The findings suggest an association between COVID-19 specific stresses and stress-related oral conditions and shed light on the possible link between mental and oral health, emphasizing the importance of integrated planning of care services.

The Increased Alcohol and Marijuana Use Associated with the Quality of Life and Psychosocial Aspects: a Study During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Brazilian University Community.

The primary practice adopted to reduce Covid-19 contamination is social distancing (SD). SD had significant consequences on alcohol/drug use, quality of life, and psychosocial aspects. In the university community specifically, SD produces a collective traumatic event with changes in the work routine by the suspension of presence. This study aims to identify and analyze the associations of increased alcohol and marijuana consumption on the quality of life and psychosocial aspects of the university community (students, professors, and technical and administrative staff) at a Brazilian public university during SD due to Covid-19 pandemic. This descriptive and cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to obtain information from 2790 university community participants. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. The analysis included descriptive associations performed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The participants’ majority was 62% female, 95.4% students, 73% were 17–25 years old, 33.4% had income between 1 and 3 minimum wage, and 48% of the university community “totally adhered to SD.” The increased alcohol consumption during SD was associated with a worsening in quality of life (p = 0.001), health satisfaction (p = 0.015), the meaning of life (p = 0.040), ability to concentrate (p = 0.001), satisfaction with yourself (p = 0.029), and frequency of negative feelings (p = 0.001); in contrast, increased alcohol use improved satisfaction with peer support (p = 0.042), as well as increased marijuana use improved satisfaction with sex life (p < 0.001). The increased alcohol use was higher in women (30.5%) than in men (26.7%) and was negatively associated with more quality of life and psychosocial aspects among women than men. Students were the segment that presented the highest frequency of associations with increased alcohol and/or marijuana use in the three domains analyzed. This study innovated by associating increased alcohol and/or marijuana use with worsening quality of life and psychosocial aspects rather than evaluating them apart. Future studies must identify whether this association between increased alcohol use, mainly, and the worsening quality of life and psychosocial aspects during the SD period is maintained or improved with the return to face-to-face activities at the university, with particular attention to women and students. Psychologists and other mental health professionals should be called upon to develop interventions to meet emerging mental health needs.

Resilience of people with chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year longitudinal prospective survey

BackgroundsIndividuals with chronic medical conditions are considered highly exposed to COVID-19 pandemic stress, but emerging evidence is demonstrating that resilience is common even among them. We aimed at identifying sustained resilient outcomes and their predictors in chronically ill people during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsThis international 4-wave 1-year longitudinal online survey included items on socio-demographic characteristics, economic and living situation, lifestyle and habits, pandemic-related issues, and history of mental disorders. Adherence to and approval of imposed restrictions, trust in governments and in scientific community during the pandemic were also investigated. The following tools were administered: the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the PTSD Checklist DSM-5, the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire.ResultsOne thousand fifty-two individuals reporting a chronic condition out of 8011 total participants from 13 countries were included in the study, and 965 had data available for the final model. The estimated probability of being “sustained-resilient” was 34%. Older male individuals, participants employed before and during the pandemic or with perceived social support were more likely to belong to the sustained-resilience group. Loneliness, a previous mental disorder, high hedonism, fear of COVID-19 contamination, concern for the health of loved ones, and non-approving pandemic restrictions were predictors of not-resilient outcomes in our sample.ConclusionsWe found similarities and differences from established predictors of resilience and identified some new ones specific to pandemics. Further investigation is warranted and could inform the design of resilience-building interventions in people with chronic diseases.

Epidemiological behavior of the COVID-19 contamination curve in Brazil: Time-series analysis.

Brazil is experiencing the greatest episode of sanitary collapse ever known in the country’s history. Therefore, the relevance of this study is highlighted for the scientific advance of the epidemiological behavior of the virus in Brazil, enabling the development of analyses and discussions on the factors that influenced the high rates of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in the country. Given the above, this study aims to analyze the epidemiological behavior of the COVID-19 contamination curve by epidemiological weeks (EW), in the years 2020–2021, in Brazil. This is an ecological study of time series, prepared using information collected through secondary means. The country of origin of the study is Brazil, and its main theme is the number of people infected during the COVID-19 pandemic, this being the dependent variable of the study. The data has been analyzed from February 23, 2020, when the first case was confirmed in Brazil, to January 1, 2022. In 2021, the country’s graph shows an exponential growth, reaching a peak of approximately 250 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the 12th EW. This data represents the highest rate of the pandemic in Brazil, and did not vary significantly for the next twelve weeks. Thus, it was identified that Brazil was severely impacted by the new coronavirus, considering the high rates of confirmed cases of the virus in the country, the low adherence of the population to preventive measures, the late start of mass vaccination in the Brazilian population, and the lack of structure in the health system, which was not appropriately prepared for the high demand generated by COVID-19.

Travel Intentions And Preferences Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Case of Bulgaria

The paper deals with travel intentions and preferences of Bulgarian residents amid the pandemic as identified in a survey conducted online with 350 participants in April-May 2021. The analysis covers (1) intended frequency of different types of travel, (2) general travel preferences, and (3) specific preferences regarding the choice of accommodation. It also explores which demographic and social factors determine travel intentions and preferences during the pandemic. Both expected and unexpected findings are presented, with some wide-spread anticipations being challenged in a specific country context. Results show that people have become more restrained towards all types of travel, especially abroad and for business. However, in the case of Bulgaria the shift toward domestic tourism seems forced by external constraints rather than due to internal factors such as health risk perceptions of strong patriotic feelings. Of paramount importance for the travel choices of Bulgarian customers is the combination of economic and sanitary factors providing both financial and health safety. In contrast to most studies around the world, ‘pure’ health-related preferences associated with the level of COVID-19 contamination or vaccination are of relatively low significance. Age stands out as a major determinant of travel intentions and preferences while other socio-demographic factors are not clearly related to intended frequency of travel but do matter in terms of various travel preferences.

An evaluation of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease

WHO (World Health Organization) termed the diagnosed coronavirus as COVID-19. The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 was manifested by intense acute respiratory system (SARS) and in Middle East known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December of 2019. The virus originated in bats and became transmitted to people through but unknown middleman animals in Wuhan, China. There was not any clinically authorised antiviral drug to be had for use in opposition to COVID-19. However, few extensive-spectrum antiviral pills had been evaluated in opposition to COVID-19 in scientific trials, led to scientific recovery. In the cutting-edge evaluate, we summarize and relatively examine the worldwide emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 contamination.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social work client base

The COVID-19 pandemic has rampaged through the daily life of individuals, increasing existing vulnerabilities and bringing about new ones. Social service workers act in close proximity and connection with these vulnerable groups, and measures taken to decrease the COVID-19 contamination rate — such as working from home, reducing social contacts and most of all lockdowns — negatively affect the core tasks of social service workers. Consequently, these professionals have had to find other ways to reach out to clients. This may potentially change the type of clients who have been reached and prioritized during the pandemic. Moreover, the profile of clients may have changed due to the pandemic. With this study, we address three research questions: (1) Which clients were prioritized by social service workers?, (2) Which clients were not able to be reached by social service workers?; and (3) Do social service workers expect a new vulnerable client base to emerge as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic? To help answer these questions, we used data from the Social Work COVID-19 Survey, obtained from 2,815 social service workers and collected in April and May 2020 during the first Belgian lockdown. The results indicate that urgent cases in need of essential, vital care were prioritized, with social service workers relying more on their gut instincts than on the customary procedures. Second, clients who could not be reached were those with limited access to modern communications, or with lower levels of digital skills. This often coincides with more vulnerable groups (such as people with mental health issues, financial issues, a small social network, the homeless and the elderly). Third, with regard to possible new clients, social service workers anticipate a ‘less standard’ and ‘more temporary’ client base, with more ‘middle-class families’ who have become vulnerable due to the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, social service workers expect the pressure in the private life of individuals to increase, and have observed several mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A study of Indian Gen X and Millennials consumers’ intention to use FinTech payment services during COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeAmid the COVID-19 contamination, people are bound to use contactless FinTech payment services. Because of restrictions on physical movement and avoidance of touching physical money, people willingly choose mobile payment, resulting in enormous growth in FinTech payment service industries. Because of this, this study aims to examine the effect of factors affecting Gen X and Millennials users to use FinTech payment services.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used 328 responses collected through convenience sampling of Indian users aged between 26 and 57 years in the Delhi-NCR region who are users of FinTech payment services.FindingsThe authors’ findings verified that in India, perceived COVID-19 risk, perceived severity for COVID, individual mobility, subjective norms, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have statistically significant impacts on FinTech payment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modelling was used to study the proposed research model. Overall, the model predicted 76.9 % of the variation in intention to use FinTech payment services by the abovesaid variables by Indian users during a pandemic.Practical implicationsThis study will provide valuable insight to all FinTech service providers and stakeholders in planning and designing the concerned policy. It will be able to draw the attention of users more.Originality/valueThis research added a valuable theory to the existing technology adoption model (TAM) theory. It demonstrated the utility of the above variables in adopting and using FinTech payment services, which will help service providers to develop future strategies because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Self-Reported and Objective Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Planning, Compliance and Timeliness of a Diagnostic Colonoscopy after a Positive FIT Screening Result in the Flemish Colorectal Cancer Screening Program

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Flemish colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program (by fecal immunochemical test, FIT) was suspended and non-urgent medical procedures were discommended. This study estimates how this impacted diagnostic colonoscopy (DC) scheduling after a positive FIT and the interval between both in 2020. Methods: An online survey was sent to participants in the Flemish CRC screening program with a positive FIT but without a DC to explore the possible impact of COVID-19 on the scheduling of a DC. Self-reported survey results were complemented with objective data on DC compliance and the interval between FIT and DC. Results: In 2020, DC compliance was 4–5% lower than expected (for 3780 positive FITs no DC was performed). In February–March 2020, the median time between a positive FIT and DC significantly increased. Survey participants reported fear of COVID-19 contamination, perception to create hospital overload, delay in non-urgent medical procedures (on government advice) and not being sure a DC could be performed as contributing reasons. Conclusions: On top of a 3% lower participation, the COVID-19 pandemic further increased existing DC non-compliance and the positive FIT–DC interval. The survey confirmed the crucial role of COVID-19 in the decision not to plan a DC.

Design and Implementation of a Blended Learning System for Higher Education in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a Response to Covid-19 Pandemic

Until now, the higher education system in the Democratic Republic of Congo has relied on the traditional face-to-face teaching method, which consists in the real physical presence of students and teachers during classes and lectures. Thus, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is currently advocating e-learning as the only alternative for education in the COVID-19 era. It goes without saying that this requires specific frameworks and appropriate resources, including access to a good quality internet connection. Several countries around the world have implemented this recommendation since the first quarter of 2020 to protect their populations from the significant risks of Covid-19 contamination. In educational environment however, given the disadvantageous realities of the Democratic Republic of Congo, including the cost and quality of internet, the low rate of electrification, and the lack of experience of the educational stakeholders involved, the migration to e- learning remains a challenge. Thus, we propose in this paper a blended learning model that can smoothly introduce e-learning through a platform specially designed to integrate with the traditional way of delivering courses in Congolese higher education by combining the old method and e-learning based on ICT.

Conceptual Study of Efficacy of Virtual Learning

The target of online test is to guarantee that evaluation providers can embrace the altogether affect in setting from isolated i.e., offline to online cycles. The online business is developing swiftly, and factors like comfort, adaptability, expanded reach, and customization are shaping its enactment. Spread out assessment techniques are advancing towards immersion and would be archaic. Enlightening associations across the globe have closed on account of the COVID-19 pandemic risking the insightful timetables. While nations are at various stages in their COVID-19 contamination rates, for the most part there are at present more than 1.2 billion youngsters in 186 nations impacted by school terminations because of the pandemic. Thus, coaching has changed drastically, with the undeniable ascent of e-learning, by which instructing is embraced on automated stages. Virtual Learning is a consolidated school environment where students can apply for affirmation over the web, pursue the classes after attestation, access a complete course, venture through assessments and team up with the educators as well as their fellow mates. It is a mechanism for administrators, educators and students for playing out their commitments swiftly. Virtual learning cultivates the purpose of virtual schooling.

Laser in Dentistry During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Review of Literature

The novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) induced a pandemic influencing several countries worldwide; it has also caused serious concerns in dentistry due to its routes of transmission. As compared to the beginning of dental operations, the total microbial load suspended in the air rises more than three times during dental procedures due to the aerosols contained in the saliva, blood, organic tooth particles, bacteria, or viruses. Various types of dental lasers are recognized to be already produced and used in the treatment of hard and soft dental and oral tissues. One of the benefits of the dental laser is its ability to decontaminate surfaces and destroy germs. Dental lasers produce substantially less aerosols and droplets in comparison to high-speed dental headpieces and ultrasonic devices. Therefore, it is beneficial to indicate its influence in reducing the COVID-19 contamination risk, especially in dentistry.

Education Webinar Increaces The Knowledge of The Mask Waste Management During COVID-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 caused many countries to implement new policies to combat its transmission. Among these new policies is the mandatory use of face masks in public spaces, which increased their production, consumption, and mask waste in the environment. Insufficient knowledge and awareness about the proper disposal of used masks, especially medical masks, might lead to environmental pollution due to microplastic particles and widespread contamination of Covid-19, which will affect sanitation and clean water supplies. Thus, providing education regarding proper and responsible masks use and disposal is essential to maintain good health for all and reduce potential environmental hazards amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. To understand the effect of providing education on knowledge regarding the use and management of medical masks,“EMISSION: Reducing Mask Waste in the Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic” webinar was conducted. This study used the One Group Pretest-post-test Design research method. The sample was selected by purposive sampling technique. The variable studied was the increase in knowledge as measured by pretest and post-test questionnaires. The obtained data were tested by using Paired Samples T-Test. There was a significant effect between knowledge scores related to medical masks before (pretest) and after the (post-test) webinar with a difference in the average value of 0.59 and p-value = 0.000. Education through "EMISSION: Reducing Mask Waste in the Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic" webinar increased public knowledge regarding medical masks to help ensure good health and well-being.

Association of Heart Inflammation after Covid 19 Vaccination: The Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

The COVID-19 contamination which developed in December 2019, is caused by the infection SARS-CoV-2. Contamination with this infection can lead to serious respiratory sickness, in any case, myocarditis has too been detailed. The reason of this ponder is to distinguish the clinical highlights of myocarditis in immunized COVID-19 patients.