Disposal Containers Research Articles

Clinical Issues - September 2024.

Selecting nonsterile sharps disposal containers Key words: sharps safety, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), bloodborne pathogens, occupational exposure, disposal container. Life support certification requirements for perioperative RNs Key words: basic life support, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), cardiopulmonary resuscitation, certification, training. Using crisis checklists in the perioperative environment Key words: emergency manuals, cognitive aids, clinical emergencies, crew resource management, crisis checklist. Walking patients to the OR Key words: fall prevention, fall risk, mobility assessment, safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM), ambulate.

SiC-BASED CERAMICS AS A CONTAINER MATERIAL FOR DEEP GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE

In this work the research of Cr-doped SiC ceramics as a promising material for containers for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste was carried out. Samples were investigated using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, microhardness measurements, nanoindentation and corrosion resistance tests. Obtained results showed that addition of 0.3…0.7 wt.% of Cr improves the mechanical properties of SiC ceramics. Corrosion tests in distilled water at T = 90 °C and immersion time of up to 4300 h revealed that Cr addition slows down corrosion processes in SiC ceramics. The average dissolution rate of SiC(Cr) samples in water is quite low and does not exceed the value of 0.16 μm/year.

Salt, clay, and society: Towards a reconstruction of salt-making chaînes opératoires in the Bronze and Early Iron Age in the Kraków–Wieliczka salt-bearing region

Abstract The progress of field research and studies of archaeological sites from southern Poland (Małopolska) and experimental activities related to salt-making in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the last two decades have created conditions for attempting to recreate the chaîne opératoire of this branch of prehistoric production. The use of ceramic containers for evaporating brine and drying and portioning salt means that we are dealing with two operational sequences (production of ceramics and salt) intertwined at some stage – from obtaining raw materials (clay and brine) to the distribution of transportable product and discarding of disposable containers. We conducted multi-aspect studies on the characteristics of materials related to each stage, including their spatial location, based on all available material from western Małopolska, in particular several large-scale benchmark sites (Podłęże 17, Brzezie 17 and Kraków-Bieżanów 11). This allowed us to identify certain differences in production sites. A comprehensive review of the source database also allowed us to establish a rather limited scope of both the degree of craft specialisation of the brewers and the scale of the centre’s influence. Nevertheless, in some periods, as in the beginning of the Urnfield period, this centre gained supra-regional importance, as evidenced by, among others, certificates of weight standardization of finished products.

친환경부담금 지불의사에 따른 소비자 집단의 지불공정성과 친환경 행동의도

Environmental problems caused by waste due to the increased use of delivery and take-out have become important social issues. Consequently, the Ministry of Environment is preparing an implementation plan for eco-friendly charges to regulate the use of disposable items. This study examines payment fairness and eco-friendly behavior intentions based on willingness to pay for each type of eco-friendly charge implemented in delivery and takeout services. The types of eco-friendly charges were divided into two categories: disposable container usage fees and reusable container deposits. Cluster analysis identified three consumer groups: [group actively paying eco-friendly charges], [group preferring reusable container deposits], and [group passively paying eco-friendly charges]. The results showed that perceived payment fairness influenced eco-friendly behavior intentions in the [group actively paying eco-friendly charges] and the [group preferring reusable container deposits], but not in the [group passively paying eco-friendly charges]. It was found that the more consumers perceive the eco-friendly charge as fair, the more likely they are to engage in eco-friendly behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to guide and educate consumers on how eco-friendly charges are implemented and their environmental impact to encourage active participation.

Incidence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Healthcare Workers Regarding Needle Stick Injuries at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: A needle stick injury is a serious occupational health hazard in health care settings. Health care workers are at risk of bloodborne diseases and the psychological consequences of these injuries. Objectives: we aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of NSI among health care workers in King Saud Medical City and to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 17th August 2022 until 30th November 2023. A structured questionnaire from Saudi Ministry of Health guidelines was used to collect the data. The content validity was evaluated by four academics from King Khalid University in Abha, and some minor changes were made. Results: As regard the prevalence of NSI, out of 220 participants, 132 individuals did not report any needle-stick injuries (NSI). While 92.3% of participants accurately defined NSI and acknowledged blood-borne disease transmission risks, only 39.1% followed preventive measures like recapping needles and proper disposal. There were knowledge gaps observed, with varying awareness levels on Hepatitis B and C prevention. Participants demonstrated awareness of post-exposure guidelines but lacked knowledge on immediate actions to take post-injury. Attitudes towards NSI varied, with a significant percentage 44.1% prioritizing patient care over healthcare worker safety. Interestingly, significant support was shown for immediate reporting of sharp injuries and the belief that NSIs are preventable. In terms of practice, adherence to safe needle practices varied, with the majority 90.9% using assigned disposal containers and being vaccinated against Hepatitis B, but not all receiving recent training on safe devices. Conclusion: This study revealed that NSIs remain a prevalent occupational health hazard among healthcare workers. Although a significant number of participants demonstrated adequate knowledge and awareness of NSIs and bloodborne disease transmission risks, there were noticeable gaps in their implementation of preventive measures and immediate post-injury actions. Attitudes towards NSIs varied, with some prioritizing patient care over healthcare worker safety. However, there was strong support for the immediate reporting of sharp injuries and belief in the preventability of NSIs.

Smart bins for enhanced resource recovery and sustainable urban waste practices in smart cities: A systematic literature review

Waste collection bins with smart capabilities play a crucial role in contemporary urban landscapes, forming integral components of efficient and sustainable waste management practices worldwide. This paper conducts a thorough review of state-of-the-art smart bins, emphasizing advanced features such as material separation and integrated automation. The analysis, based on 79 selected articles from a pool of over 1400 publications, underscores critical gaps in the existing literature. While a widely accepted common ground that outlines the definition for smart bins exists, in the form of waste disposal containers incorporating functionalities such as fill-level monitoring and IoT connectivity, this research identifies substantial areas for improvement. Specifically, material separation practices, including automated waste segregation, and the overall maturity of conceptual frameworks present significant challenges, hindering the optimization of resource recovery essential for pioneering circular economy models. Moreover, a lack of uniformity and standardization in automation techniques is apparent across studies. Various articles propose divergent approaches, each with distinct advantages and drawbacks. Notably, no unified solution emerges that could harness collective strengths and mitigate shortcomings. Identifying these issues is paramount for advancing the field and tackle sustainability-related challenges within modern smart cities.

OHW 108 - Lessons Learned from the Selection and Implementation of Sharp Disposal Containers in a Pediatric Hospital

OHW 108 - Lessons Learned from the Selection and Implementation of Sharp Disposal Containers in a Pediatric Hospital

RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH PERINATAL PATHOLOGY: RISK FACTORS, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF LABORATORY MARKERS OF DAMAGE

RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH PERINATAL PATHOLOGY: RISK FACTORS, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF LABORATORY MARKERS OF DAMAGE

Detection of Barr bodies in exfoliated oral mucosal cells for sex determination using oral rinse-based cytology: A cross-sectional study

Background: Sex determination is essential in forensic science, anthropology, and medical diagnostics. Traditional methods, such as DNA analysis, are resource intensive and time-consuming. This pilot study explores the utility of oral rinse-based cytology for detecting Barr bodies in exfoliated oral mucosal cells from saliva as a more accessible and efficient alternative. Aim: This study aimed to assess the viability of rinse-based cytology in identifying sex through the detection of Barr bodies. Materials and Methods: In the study, 60 participants aged 20–30, free of lesions, and nonsmokers/nondrinkers, were evenly divided into male and female groups. Unstimulated saliva was collected from each participant between 9 and 10 am Participants were instructed to tilt their heads slightly forward to accumulate saliva and then spit into disposable sterile containers. After centrifugation, two smears were prepared and stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stains. The smears were labeled (single-blinded) and examined for the presence of Barr body by two oral pathologists. Results: H and E stain had a mean Barr body count of 2.38 and a standard deviation of approximately 2.731, whereas PAP stain had a higher mean count of 3.57 with a standard deviation of 3.933. Levene’s test showed significant differences (P = 0.000) in variances between the staining methods (F = 21.001, df = 118, P < 0.001), but the average Barr body count difference of about 1.183 with P = 0.058 was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Oral rinse-based cytology offers a noninvasive, cost-effective, and time-efficient approach to sex determination. While this pilot study demonstrates its potential, further research involving larger and more diverse populations is required to validate its reliability fully. This innovative approach has the potential to impact various scientific and forensic disciplines, offering a practical alternative to traditional methods.

Harnessing Plant Bioelectricity through Prickly Pear as Botanical Batteries

Plants which are essential for life, have the potential to become a renewable energy source in the Future. They can generate electricity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and being environmentally friendly. This study aims to explore the untapped potential of botanical batteries and contribute to green energy technology. Plants' capacity to convert sunlight into chemical energy could be a viable and environmentally friendly source for electrical power generation, offering a sustainable solution to the world's growing energy demands while mitigating climate change impacts. To achieve the goal of the study, pure experimental research was applied. And the researchers used cactus (prickly pear), copper nails, zinc nails, copper wire, alligator clips, and disposable plastic containers. The study was conducted at Bayugan National Comprehensive High School, Bayugan City. Throughout the analysis of the data obtained after the three tests conducted, it has been found that like an electrochemical cell, copper and zinc electrodes inserted into prickly pear leaves can generate energy. With the highest current magnitude and maximum value at the highest contact area, the prickly pear plant has the highest potential for energy harvesting. Cut-off or partially leaved leaves can be harvested for their energy, which can then be utilized to charge batteries or power low-power devices.

Awareness, Perception, and Practice Regarding Needle-Stick Injury and Its Prevention Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India.

Background Needle stick injuries caused by various sharp and other items like hypodermic needlesand intravenous cannulas are important occupational hazards for healthcare workers (HCW). Preventing injuries is the most effective way to protect workers and requires good awareness and perceptions associated with practice on a daily basis. Therefore, we did a descriptive cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital to find the level of awareness, perception, and practice associated with needle stick injury and its prevention. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in south India. 400 healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, technicians, and housekeeping staff) with more than one year of experience were randomly selected. An anonymous, self-reporting, semi-structured questionnaire was administered. Results are expressed in mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Results Out of 400 respondents, 89% had good awareness about proper disposal practices. However,44% of the participants had the misbelief that recapping needles was recommended to prevent needle stick injury (NSI), and 30.5% practiced it, with the doctors being the majority. The majority (79.8%) knew that HIV, Hepatitis B & C are blood-borne pathogens that HCWs are most commonly exposed to through needle-stick injury (NSI). However, only 49% knew that Hepatitis B has the highest risk of transmission following a needle prick. 75% were aware of the correct Hepatitis B vaccination doses. Most of the healthcare workers (89.5%) claimed to be aware of the procedure and guidelines to be followed after a needle stick injury and 96% felt that they would report NSI immediately. Awareness regarding Hepatitis C prevention was comparatively poor, with only 47% having knowledge regarding the non-availability of Hepatitis C Vaccination and& 46% about the non-availability of post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis C. Among the healthcare workers, 61% were worried about having needle stick injuries but 56.5% felt that their own personal safety is secondary to patient care. Among the HCWs, 91.3% believed that needle stick injuries can be prevented. Most of the participants (93.5%) ensure that others around them take extra precautions while handling sharp/ needles. The majority, i.e. 88%, utilized a designated container for disposal of sharp items, whileonly 53% of respondents utilized a needle cutter or shredder. 85% of HCWs had attended specific training programs on the usage of safe devices/sharps in the preceding one-year period and 72.8% had completed the vaccination against Hepatitis B. Conclusion Awareness regarding needle stick injury and its prevention is patchy and not adequate across different sections of healthcare workers. Perceptions regarding needle stick injury and its prevention revealed an overall positive attitude. Practices related to needle stick injury and its prevention seem to be reasonably good except when related to recapping and waiting to dispose of until the completion of the session. Training sessions need to be tailored for specific participant groups and a 'one size fits all' philosophy cannot be followed.

Trouble with the Bottle Beverage Containers and the Widening Waste Crisis in Socialist Hungary

Recent studies have explored the history of consumerism in communist Eastern Europe, suggesting that socialist consumption followed its own rhythm and logic. However, when it comes to waste-making and recycling existing literature focuses on post-industrial waste practices of the Soviet bloc, paying little attention to post-consumer waste. However, socialist societies did not follow the West's example and refrained from introducing single-use materials, such as disposable beverage containers. Could this also mean that socialists did a better job to deal with their own post-consumer waste than the West? The current scientific knowledge does not answer that question. To cover that gap in the research, this article situates socialist beverage containers and especially recyclable soft drink bottles made of glass in a wider discourse about the meaning of waste, discards, recycling, and material culture in socialism, particularly in Hungary. It suggests that the socialist waste dilemma was unique to Eastern European economies because of its social, ideological, and cultural layers, of which the scientific community has limited understanding. It proposes that despite different ideological foundations, the socialists battled with similar waste problems than in the West, however systematic differences were large enough to produce less post-consumer waste and recycle that waste more efficiently compared to the West.

Bio-Based Disposable Containers for Food Services

Currently, petrochemical plastics dominate the food service industry due to their good mechanical properties and barrier against heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. This widespread use is not only harmful to humans but also to the ecosystem as synthetic plastics disrupt ecological balance and deplete petroleum-based oil resources. Researchers and manufacturers are continuously addressing this problem by developing bio-based alternatives that provide numerous advantages including structural flexibility, biodegradability, and effective barrier properties. However, the high cost of production and unavailability of equipment for batch processing impede the potential for widespread manufacturing. Natural fibers mixed with bio-based adhesives derived from plants provide one of the biggest potential sources of bio-based materials for the food container industry. Not only does this address the issue of high raw material cost but it also has the potential to become sustainable once processing steps have been optimized. In this review, the current findings of several research related to the production of bio-based disposable food containers, packaging, and composites made from bio-based materials and bio-based adhesives are critically discussed. Several properties and characteristics important to the production of food service containers and primary packaging, as well as the existing challenges and future perspectives, are also highlighted.

A survey on hydration and use of plastic water bottles among Italian health sector workers.

Modena's Local Health Authority (AUSL) is a public service with more than 5,000 employees. In its facilities, drinking water is available as tap water. However, disposable plastic bottles are also widely used, thus increasing plastic waste. In the present study, we aimed to investigate employees' drinking habits through an ad hoc 10-item online questionnaire, which was administered in spring 2023. Of the 584 participants (10.8% response rate), 75% of workers reported drinking less than 1.5 liters of water per day. In addition, 74% of workers brought water from home, while 62% used disposable plastic containers bought in the workplace or outside. When asked if they would appreciate a water refilling station in the workplace, whether that would induce them to consume less plastic and to drink more water, 91%, 82%, and 72% of workers said "yes", respectively. By installing water coolers, the estimated mean number of plastic bottles spared every day at the AUSL would be about 6,000. Our data shed light on most employees' perceived need for alternative sources of drinking water, not only in order to drink more for health benefits, but also to reduce plastic usage in favor of reusable, more environmentally friendly materials.

Possibility of Using Disposable Polymeric Containers in the Production Technology of Live Plague Vaccine

The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of the live plague vaccine.Materials and methods. We deployed the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis ЕV NIIEG for the work. A standard disposable 10 L Flexboy type polymeric container manufactured by Sartorius Stedim Biotech, equipped with Sartopore 2 filter capsules, was used for submerged cultivation of plague microbe inoculum. This method was compared to the regulated technology for obtaining seed cultures using glass bottles with a volume of 20 liters. The control of the produced seed cultures of the vaccine strain EV was performed in accordance with FS.3.3.1.0022.15. The cultivation of the seed culture in a disposable polymeric container was carried out in a liquid nutrient medium at a temperature of 26 to 28°C with continuous barbotage and mechanical agitation with a platform oscillation frequency of 80 to 90 per minute. For aeration, compressed air with a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kgf/cm2 was used. The volumetric flow rate of sterile air supplied for aeration ranged from 0.9 to 1.0 l/min.Results and discussion. The use of disposable polymeric containers made it possible to reduce the duration of the technological stage of obtaining a seed culture by 1.7 times and increase the yield of live microbes per unit volume of the nutrient medium by 2.8 times, as compared to the regulated production technology. Thus, the possibility and prospects of using disposable polymeric containers in the production technology of live plague vaccine at the stage of preparation of sowing cultures is evidenced.

Numerical framework for anaerobic digestion and/or composting of bioplastics and organic waste performance evaluation under real-like large scale operating conditions

Bioplastics are newly designed and developed plastic materials to meet the criteria of sustainability and sustainable development that present the following characteristics: biobased, biodegradable or both properties. They include a whole family of materials with different properties and applications. Bioplastics certified as biodegradable and/or compostable, according to the regulatory plan of Italy and other countries around the world, must be collected with organic waste and follow the same end-of-life path, i.e., organic recycling processes in anaerobic digestion and/or industrial composting plants. However, it should be noted that they are certified according to tests carried out under standardized optimal degradation conditions, that is, conditions that are not always the same as those found in the operation of anaerobic digestion and composting plants. Improper management of these materials can become an increasing problem as their continued widespread use will require large volumes of these materials to be treated in facilities that are not designed to biodegrade bioplastics, resulting in potential contamination of large volumes of undegraded bioplastics in digestate and/or compost produced in the treatment of conventional organic waste. The purpose of this work is to investigate the degradation of the most popular bioplastics currently collected with organic waste through separate collection under the actual operating conditions of waste recycling plants operating through biodegradation processes. Specifically, using both studies conducted at the laboratory scale and evidence of biodegradation plant configuration and operation at the real scale, the Aspen Pus V12 program was used to model and simulate an anaerobic digestion process integrated with a composting process. This evaluated the level of biodegradation, expressed as a percentage of degraded mass, as a function of the implemented process conditions such as temperature and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The bioplastics that have been focused on, certified as compostable, are PLA (rigid disposable containers: cups) and starch-based shopping bags (SBS). The results achieved show that through an anaerobic digestion process alone, after 28 days in thermophilic conditions, PLA can degrade by 42%, and SBS by 44%.The integrated anaerobic/aerobic process provides a biodegradation performance allows 85% and 56% for SBS and PLA, respectively, in case the biopolymers are subjected to 28 days of thermophilic anaerobic digestion and 90 days of composting.

Multi-source exposure and health risks of phthalates among university students in Northeastern China

The endocrine disruptor phthalates (PAEs) are widely used as important chemical additives in a variety of areas around the globe. PAEs are toxic to reproduction and development and may adversely affect the health of adolescents. Risk assessments of exposure to PAEs from different sources are more reflective of actual exposure than single-source assessments. We used personal exposure parameters to estimate the dose of PAEs to 107 university students from six media (including dormitory dust, dormitory air, clothing, food, disposable food containers, and personal care products (PCPs)) and three exposure routes (including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption). Individual factors and lifestyles may affect PAE exposure to varying degrees. Based on a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the results indicated that the main sources of PAEs in dust were indoor building materials and plastics, while PCPs and adhesives were the major sources of airborne PAEs. The relative contribution of each source to PAE exposure showed that food and air were the primary sources of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Air source contributed the most to diethyl phthalate (DEP) exposure, followed by PCPs. Food was the most significant source of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure. Additionally, the exposure of DEHP to dust was not negligible. The ingestion pathway was the most dominant among the three exposure pathways, followed by dermal absorption. The non-carcinogenic risk of PAEs from the six sources was within acceptable limits. DEHP exhibits a low carcinogenic risk. We suggest university students maintain good hygienic and living habits to minimize exposure to PAEs.

Graphite Cast Iron GGG40 for Disposal Containers: The Corrosion Mechanism in Opalinus Clay Water

The overpack of the Pollux® 10 container, taken as a reference for the storage of fuel elements in different types of host rocks, is manufactured from spheroidal graphite carbon steel (GGG 40 / 0.7040) [1]. The near field environment after emplacement is constituted by bentonite, which turns moisty, warm, and anaerobic after some decades because of the decay of the heat generation and the consumption of oxygen by reaction with the container wall, microbes, and minerals [2]. Thus, the corrosion mechanism of metal containers in these conditions is an essential issue for the design of repository concepts of radioactive waste.For a better understanding of the corrosion processes taking place at the interface of steel and saturated bentonite, electrochemical and surface chemical analysis, including SEM-EDX and local XPS were performed on steel in Opalinus Clay water under different temperatures, pH´s and pressures. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in a dedicated reactor cell for working at high temperature and high pressures (up to 150 bars). A Solartron electrochemical interface 1287 connected to a frequency analyzer 1260 was used.Polarization curves performed in deaerated solutions are characterized by a low cathodic constant current separating the onset of water reduction and the active dissolution. The presence of oxygen increases the current of the cathodic plateau shifting the corrosion potential towards more positive values. The metallographic structure of the steel give rise to local predominantly anodic and cathodic elements, i.e., ferritic, and pearlitic phases, on the one side and cementite and graphite on the other side, respectively.The dissolution of the active phases is controlled by the formation of an oxide film mainly constituted by magnetite and silicates containing Fe, Al, Mg and Cr formed by oxidation of the silicon contained in the alloy. SEM pictures obtained after 48 h of corrosion under anaerobic conditions and 5 bar of pressure show the deposition of silicates with different morphologies: as clusters of spheres and as hexagonal platellets (see fig.1). Under 100 bar of pressure, however, an rather etched aspect can be observed, revealing clearly the different metallographic phases.The impedance diagrams obtained at the corrosion potential shows an inductive loop at low frequency. Based on the shape of potentiostatic anodic current transients, the inductive loops can be ascribed to the dynamic of formation-dissolution of the interfacial oxide-silicate film. The effect of hydrostatic pressure is particularly interesting. The shiny optical aspect of the surface after corrosion under pressure can a priori be explained by the reducing atmosphere created by water reduction under these conditions.The significance of the formation of silicates is evident in the surface analysis of samples after long-term experiments in contact with Wyoming bentonite saturated with pore Opalinus Clay water. TEM pictures of a cross sectional lamella including part of graphite sphere shows the formation of a silicate film covering the corroding surface with an irregular adherence. The accumulation of silicates at the surface creates an additional barrier for the metal dissolution, which reduces the corrosion rate by a factor of thousand.

Development of a system for the formation of transgenic somatic embryos in the liquid medium in Medicago truncatula

Somatic embryogenesis is the formation of embryos from plant’s somatic cells. It is widely used in biotechnology for reproduction of plants, studying of regeneration process and it also represents a convenient way to obtain transgenic plants. Currently, a solid medium is usually used for the formation of transgenic somatic embryos, which has a number of disadvantages.
 We are developing a system for cultivating explants in a liquid medium for the transformation and formation of somatic embryos forMedicago truncatula. Unlike a solid medium, it should allow using petioles as explants, simplify the renewal of the medium, replace disposable cultivation containers with reusable ones, and also reduce the time required for the formation of somatic embryos.
 Currently, the optimal concentration of hygromycin as a selective agent in such a system was found. Interestingly, it appeared to be lower than the selective hygromycin concentration in a solid medium.
 The addition of cefotaxime to the medium reduces the number of somatic embryos formed, but does not completely suppress their formation. Thus, cefotaxime can be used to eliminate agrobacteria during transformation using this cultivation system.
 Embryos withGUSoverexpression transformed with this method were successfully obtained.

Planning a Waste Processing Site with the 3r Plus Principle in Kapur Village, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency

Kapur Village is located in Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency. The existing condition of waste management has not been implemented properly due to the lack of waste management facilities, namely temporary waste disposal and other communal waste containers, so efforts are needed to handle the waste management system, by planning temporary waste disposal 3R plus. The aim of planning is to know, analyse existing condition of management waste, generation size, density, waste composition and planning the 3R temporary waste disposal design. The research method is sampling generation, density and composition of waste according to SNI-19-3964-1994, conducting interviews and questionnaires to obtain selected locations. The resulting waste generation is 0.35 kg/person/day. The density of domestic source waste is 142.09 kg/m3, while the largest density of non-domestic source waste is produced from restaurants at 113.32 kg/m3. The composition of domestic waste is dominated by organic waste with a percentage of 49.3%, while non-domestic waste is dominated by paper waste with a percentage of 30.60%. This 3R plus temporary waste disposal planning requires land of 1,112.3 m2. The planned waste management is is processing organic waste into composting using the hollow brick method, while inorganic waste in the form of plastics and bottles is processed into handicraft products.