Food Consumption Patterns Research Articles

Agroecology, slow food and sustainable development goals (SDGs): resilience of agro-food systems, combat hunger, and local governance

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), transcending their prescribed targets and actions, propose a critical reflection on global food production and consumption patterns. These inquiries foster the promotion of resilient agri-food systems, with Agroecology identified as a pragmatically viable alternative for achieving the advocated goals. The scope of this article is to discuss these intersections, demonstrating that simple actions such as valuing local products, as advocated by Slow Food, can strengthen relationships and networks around food, promoting food security, preservation of knowledge, practices, traditions, and biodiversity, as well as the sense of belonging, improvement of quality of life, sustainable development, and local governance. Methodologically, this research is qualitative, adopting a bibliographical approach and employing a literature review to contextualize and reflect the problem, anchored in the Agroecology domains, SDGs, and the paradigm proposed by the Slow Food movement. This study substantially contributes to understanding the intricate relationships between the SDGs, agri-food systems, and Agroecology. By emphasizing the importance of seemingly simple practices, such as valuing local products, the article highlights the imperative of holistic and sustainable approaches to achieve broader sustainable development goals guided by the principles of “well-being.”

The Relationship Between Dietary Fiber Consumption Patterns and Physical Activity with the Incidence of Hemorrhoids

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between fiber food consumption patterns and physical activity with hemorrhoidal events. This study used a retrospective correlational analytic study design. The population in this study were patients with signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids in the General Surgery Specialist Poly of Petrokimia Gresik Hospital as many as 89 respondents, with sampling using purposive sampling and 72 respondents were obtained. Data analysis using the Chi-square test. Data collection using a fiber food consumption pattern questionnaire, a physical activity questionnaire, and the results of the diagnosis of the General Surgeon Specialist in the respondent's Medical Record. The results of statistical analysis with the Chi-square test with a significance level of alpha <0.05 obtained a p-value of 0.001 and 0.000, which means that there is a relationship between fiber food consumption patterns and physical activity with hemorrhoidal incidence. Insufficient fiber food consumption patterns cause feces to settle longer in the rectum so that the consistency of feces will become harder. This condition stimulates a straining reflex to appear during defecation, causing hemorrhoids. Meanwhile, a pattern of physical activity that is lacking causes continuous and repeated pressure on the lower part of the digestive tract, causing vascularization to be less than optimal and causing hemorrhoids. This study is expected to be a reference for hospitals to be able to add educational media and health promotion as an effort to prevent hemorrhoidal incidence in the community and prevent recurrence in patients who have undergone hemorrhoid treatment.

The Contribution of Forgotten Foods for Supporting Food Security in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta – Indonesia

Background: Gunungkidul, one of the districts in the special region of Yogyakarta – Indonesia, was reported to have a significant number of food-insecure villages. However, it conserved various forgotten protein-source food as a regional heritage delicacy. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of forgotten foods (edible insects, aquatic animals, indigenous plants) to support food security among poor households in Gunungkidul district, Indonesia. Methods: Food security status was evaluated according to the method by Maxwell. The characteristics of socio-economic households, food consumption behaviour, nutritional status of children under five, and health status of mothers and children among the targets were also assessed through an interview using a structured coded questionnaire. The food consumption pattern was analyzed by using food recall 2 x 24 hours and a semi food frequency questionnaire. This study involved 240 poor households below the poverty line, mainly farmers (60%). Results: This study revealed that 48% of households were food-insecure, 39% were food-vulnerable, 8% were less food-secure, and 5% were food-secure. Aquatic animals and edible insects contributed as many as 22 making up for 1% of daily protein needs, respectively. A preference shifting on those forgotten foods seems to become one barrier to this contribution. Conclusion: The forgotten foods might be an alternative to a future challenge in supporting human well-being. In this case, aquatic animals and edible insects are considered as future protein sources.

Sosialisasi dan Pembinaan Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Pada Kelompok Wanita Tani di Wilayah Kota Blitar

The Ministry of Agriculture is promoting the Sustainable Food Program (P2L) which aims to meet people's needs for food and nutritional consumption patterns as well as ways to maximize empty land which can be used as an opportunity for conservation (Annonimous, 2021). Another aim is to increase community awareness and family knowledge about the processing and care of food plants, fruit and vegetables for cultivation, encourage the growth of seeds or plants so that their sustainability is maintained and increase the community's productive income by supplying and utilizing empty land in their respective home gardens. In the field, it is still difficult to implement P2L in the target group, namely the Women Farmers Group in the city of Blitar. For this reason, outreach and coaching activities are needed so that group understanding and awareness can increase enthusiasm in implementing it, so that it will increase the availability, accessibility and use of their yards as a source of food as well as collecting cash. Community organizations are involved in this organization. By utilizing the yard, the community is encouraged to grow food crops, vegetables, fruit, medicinal plants, tuber plants as an alternative for food diversification as part of the P2L program. More than that, the P2L program is an agricultural business in or around the city that utilizes knowledge, experience and creativity to cultivate and process food for the community by utilizing empty land and yards to contribute to nutrition, improve the local community's economy and improve welfare (Aini , 2015). P2L activities are carried out using sustainable agricultural development methods, utilization of local resources (local wisdom), community empowerment (community engagement), and marketing focus strategies to achieve these goals (go to market). The implementation is planting various plants through nursery work, demonstration plots, planting, post-harvest work and commercialization. (Musdalifah et al., 2023) The activity was carried out using a lecture method explaining the legality of P2L implementation, implementation, implementation procedures to 20 KWTs in the Blitar City Area by the proposer of Unisba Blitar Internal PKM 2024.

South Africa’s food system: An industry perspective on past, present and future applications of science and technology

The South African food system is facing severe challenges as increasing hunger, rising food costs, lack of dietary diversity, child stunting, foodborne illnesses, food waste and an obesity epidemic coupled with malnutrition are observed. In this study, we aimed to establish the application of science and technology advances in the food and beverage industry in South Africa in response to food consumption pattern changes since 1994 and how they could be used to address food security challenges. We found that food consumption shifts have been towards sugar-sweetened beverages, processed and packaged food, animal-source foods and added caloric sweeteners, and away from vegetables. These dietary shifts are concerning as they relate to public health. Most commitments to improve the nutritional status of South Africans have been limited to corporate social investment strategies and should be extended into core business strategies. Furthermore, although the South African food and beverage industry has kept pace with developments in food manufacturing practices, there has been little experimentation with non-commercial novel technologies. The expert survey revealed that indigenous African crops and food waste recovery are the two most promising emerging food sources that could be available to South Africans in the shortest time frame. South Africa has many enabling drivers to become a global leader in food technology advances. However, many barriers need to be overcome for industry, academia and government to collaborate to advance novel food science and technologies to reach commercialisation.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Pola Pangan Harapan pada Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Ngijo Kota Semarang

A diverse food composition indicates good quality in the consumption pattern of the community. Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) is an indicator to assess the nutritional quality and diversity of food consumption in the community, so that the results can be the basis for evaluation in building food security. This study aims to analyze the achievement level of DDP in households and analyze the factors that influence it. The research location is Ngijo Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The research method used is a survey with quota sampling of 80 housewives. The data collection methods used are 2 x 24-hour food recall, interviews, and observations. Data analysis used are DDP analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that Ngijo Village had a DDP score of 85,07 and was classified as a good category in describing the diversity and quality of household food consumption patterns in it. Simultaneously, the variables of household income, number of household members, education of housewives, age of housewives, land utilization, and nutritional knowledge of housewives have an influence on the DDP score. While partially, the variables that influence the DDP score are household income, housewife education, and housewife nutritional knowledge.

Beliefs of Torajanese Pregnant Mother

Introduction: Various factors impact the health of pregnant women, including access to healthcare facilities and a nutritious diet. Cultural norms and beliefs prevalent in Indonesian society may influence food consumption patterns. This study explores dietary restrictions and preferred food choices during pregnancy among Toraja ethnic pregnant women.Methods: Employing a qualitative research methodology, specifically a descriptive phenomenological approach, this study was conducted within the jurisdiction of the Ge'tengan Community Health Center, Mengkendek District, Tana Toraja, Indonesia. The research adopted purposive sampling, involving eight pregnant women as participants. Data was collected through individual interviews, lasting 45 to 60 minutes for each participant.Results: The findings revealed three overarching themes: prohibited foods during pregnancy, reduced staple food intake, and the influence of elders on dietary practices and beliefs.Conclusion: Leveraging traditional wisdom regarding dietary recommendations can serve as valuable input in designing nutritional education programs tailored to meet the needs of Toraja ethnic pregnant women. Meanwhile, there are some foods that mothers need as support in fulfilling nutrition, and this is contrary to health. Therefore, it is very important to raise public awareness by disseminating accurate information about nutrition for pregnant women in the Toraja tribe by maintaining culture if it is not contrary to health, then helping people to adapt to cultures that benefit health called negotiation, and changing or replacing culture if the culture or habit is detrimental.

Exploring dietary habits: a study of food consumption patterns among school children aged 10-16 in Mysuru

Background: Diet plays an important role in the growth and development of children. Poor diet in children in Mysuru is linked to future health risks. This study examines the eating habits of children aged 10-16 years to create better food recommendations for children in preventing future consequences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mysuru district. Data from 126 students aged 10-16 years from 2 schools were collected using A semi-structured food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on dietary intake developed based on a 24-hour recall method and included items on demographic data, frequency of meal consumption in different food categories, and food frequency data. Anthropometric measurements were done. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the students, most consume rice and idli daily; dosa and khichdi frequently. Pasta, puffed rice, and legumes are less common. Milk and milk products vary, with coffee/tea and paneer often consumed once a month. Fruits like apples, bananas, and grapes are consumed twice a week, while sweet lime, mango, and orange are mostly monthly. Boiled eggs and chicken are often bi-weekly; fish, beef, red meat, and prawns/crab are mostly consumed once a month or less. Biscuits and gobi are frequently consumed weekly; cakes, French fries, samosas, pizza, and chocolates are mainly consumed monthly. Conclusions: This study observes the dietary habits of Mysuru students (aged 10-16), to understand nutritional status and frequency of food consumption aiding targeted interventions to promote healthier eating and reduce chronic disease risk.

Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Usia Menarche pada Siswi SMP Kabupaten Ngada

Menarche is an important sign for a woman because it indicates normal hormone production made by the hypothalamus and then passed on to the ovaries and uterus. Late menarche can cause reproductive health problems in women. This study focuses on understanding the relationship between nutritional status and late menarche, which is still a major problem in adolescent reproductive health issues. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and age of menarche among junior high school students in Ngada Regency in 2023. The type of research used was an analytic survey with a research design using a Case-Control Study approach. The sample in this study was 94 female students, who were divided into 47 female students who experienced late menarche and 47 female students who experienced normal menarche among junior high school students in Ngada Regency. The analysis data used was univariate, bivariate, and odds ratio with the chi-square test. The results showed that those who had a relationship with the incidence of menarche were parents' income (p = 0.023), body mass index (p = 0.002) and food consumption patterns(p = 0.000). In contrast, psychological conditions had no relationship with the incidence of menarche in junior high school students, with a p-value = 0.168. Factors associated with the incidence of menarche are parents' income, nutritional status as measured using BMI and food consumption patterns as measured through the food frequency forum.

Fermented foods and probiotic consumption frequency as protective indicators for peri-implant diseases – a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDue to their modulatory effect on biofilm growth, bacterial gene expressions, and host-modulation effects, fermented foods and probiotic products could potentially have a protective role against peri-implant diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of consumption of fermented foods and products containing probiotics, with peri-implant health and diseases.MethodsA total of 126 implants were included. The peri-implant health status (peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implant health) was assessed through Chicago’s Classification of periodontal and peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the consumption patterns of fermented and probiotic foods and product. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the 3 peri-implant conditions categories in terms of fermented food and probiotic consumption.ResultsThere were significant differences in the daily and general consumption of yogurt, probiotic yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, pomegranate syrup, whole meal bread, and homemade butter among peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implant health (p < 0.05). The peri-implant health group consumed significantly more yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, whole wheat bread, and homemade butter than peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.ConclusionA higher consumption of fermented and probiotic foods may be associated with peri-implant health. Fermented and probiotic products may be useful for prevention of peri-implant diseases in patients with implants.

Fast Food Consumption Patterns Nutritional Status and Anemia Among Female

This study aims to analyze the patterns of fastfood consumption, nutritional status, and prevalence of anemia among female students in the Nutrition Department of Poltekkes Medan. An observational method with a cross-sectional design was used on 73 female students. Data on the frequency of fastFood consumption was collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ, nutritional status was assessed based on BMI, and hemoglobin levels were measured using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. The results showed that 45.20% of respondents frequently consumed fast food, with an obesity prevalence of 35.70% and anemia prevalence of 35.60%. There was a significant relationship between fast food consumption and nutritional status (p=0.042), but not with anemia status (p=0.540). In conclusion high fastfood consumption correlates with obesity and anemia. Efforts are needed to increase the availability of healthy food on campus and further research on the long-term impact of ast Food consumption on student health.

The association between food preferences, eating behavior, and body weight among female university students in the United Arab Emirates.

This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between lifestyle, eating habits, food preferences, consumption patterns, and obesity among female university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Approximately 4,728 participants, including both Emirati and Non-Emirati students (International Students). Data collection involved face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements, showing an interrelated relationship between food preferences and obesity among female university students. While sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits contribute to obesity, this study uniquely focuses on the role of food preferences and food consumption patterns in body weight status. The findings reveal a significant correlation between the intake of high-sugar beverages-such as milk, juices, soft drinks, and energy drinks-and an increased risk of overweight and obesity among both Emirati and Non-Emirati populations. Notably, milk consumption was particularly associated with obesity in non-Emirati populations (F = 88.1, p < 0.001) and with overweight status in Non-Emiratis (F = 7.73, p < 0.05). The consumption of juices and soft drinks was linked to obesity. Additionally, a significant preference for fruits and vegetables among overweight and obese students was observed, indicating a trend toward healthier food choices. However, there was also a clear preference for high-calorie, low-nutrient foods such as processed meats, sweets, and salty snacks. Fast food items like burgers, fried chicken, fries, pizza, shawarma, chips, and noodles were significantly correlated with increased body weight status, especially shawarma, which showed a notably high correlation with both obesity and overweight statuses (F-values of 38.3 and 91.11, respectively). The study indicated that food choices shape weight-related outcomes is important for designing effective strategies to promote healthier dietary patterns.

Internal Structure of Dietary Habits as a Restriction on Healthy Eating Policy in Japan.

Although promoting healthy eating is a policy objective, the manageability of dietary habits remains uncertain. Personal dietary patterns reflect many factors, some of which are relatively manageable for individuals whilst others are not. In this article, assuming that some sort of information about the manageability of dietary habits is contained in the observed patterns of food consumption, we focused on dietary patterns on their own. We introduced a statistical descriptive model for data from a food frequency questionnaire, estimated the strength of pairwise linkage between foodstuffs, and grouped foodstuffs by applying community detection to the networks of the estimated inter-food linkages. Those linkages represent the co-movement of pairs of food in consumption. Furthermore, we demonstrated an analysis of the relationship between mental health and dietary habits, considering the aspect of the manageability of dietary habits. Using an observational study in Japan, we obtained the following results: 115 foodstuffs were divided into three groups for both genders, but the compositions were different by gender; in the analysis of mental and physical health, some stress response items were associated with a dependence on some of those food groupings (e.g., "extremely tired" was negatively associated with a group containing tomatoes, cucumber, mandarin, etc., for female subjects). As the grouping of foodstuffs based on our estimation depicted an internal structure of dietary habit that a healthy eating policy could regard as a constraint, it follows that we should design such a policy along the same lines as that grouping.

Exploring food consumption patterns in the province of Kenitra, Northwest of Morocco

BackgroundMorocco is currently undergoing rapid changes in diets and lifestyles, influenced by globalization and urbanization, leading to a shift away from the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) toward Western diets.ObjectiveDescribe and explore the food consumption patterns of the population of Kenitra province and their adherence to the MedDiet using a validated survey.MethodThe current cross-sectional study involved 442 respondents from Kenitra province, comprising individuals aged 18 and above. The survey included a combination of closed and open-ended questions regarding food consumption patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Panagiotakos method to calculate the MedDiet score (MDS). Additionally, each participant’s adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using a method based on Martínez-González’s approach.ResultsThe results indicate that 31% of the participants eat vegetables, 28% eat fruits, and 19% eat wholegrain bread daily. Furthermore, 58% regularly use olive oil in their cooking. Eating out of home (OOH) was high, with popular places being restaurants and cafes (70%), fast food outlets (20%), and workplace canteens (7%). Overall, participants showed moderate adherence to the MedDiet, with a mean MDS of 36.3 ± 19.7.ConclusionsPromoting healthy eating habits is crucial in Kenitra. With moderate consumption of nutrient-dense foods and the popularity of the MedDiet, targeted interventions and educational initiatives can promote healthy dietary behaviors, improving overall public health.

Validation of the food inflation impact on consumer behavior scale: a comparative measurement instrument with focus on food security

This study aimed to compare the change in consumer behaviour in the face of high inflation with respect to food security in the Turkish population by developing a 3-factor The Impact of Food Inflation on Consumer Behaviour (IFI-ConB) scale. Item generation and expert evaluation, item purification by preliminary application, and final administration were conducted. The moderate to severe food insecure individuals exhibited a higher inflation impact score on food consumption patterns, food shopping behaviours, and food purchasing motives factors compared to secure to mild insecure individuals. A positive correlation was found between the inflation impact score by IFI-ConB and the price motive for food choice. The primary food choice motive was health among the secure to mild insecure individuals, while for the moderate to severe food insecure individuals, it was price. The findings indicate that food insecure individuals are more affected by high food inflation compared to food secure individuals.

Scenario Analysis of Food Phosphorus Footprint in Kisumu, a Lakeside East African City in Lake Victoria (Kenya).

Increased food production and consumption patterns have resulted in higher urban food phosphorus footprints, leading to a series of resource and environmental problems worldwide. We quantified the food phosphorus footprint of the African city of Kisumu using substance flow analysis. Our aim was to develop Kisumu's sustainable phosphorus management framework so that the city would reduce phosphorus losses into the food system. Our results show that in the year 2023, the import and export of food phosphorus in the Kisumu food system was 2730.26 ± 2.7% t P yr-1 and 3297.05 ± 2.4% t P yr-1, respectively. There was -566.79 ± -18% t P yr-1 food phosphorus deficit in the Kisumu food system. Crop planting subsystem runoff/leaching/erosion loss, household consumption subsystem waste loss, and pit latrine subsystem blackwater loss are the major pathways of phosphorus losses into the environment and the main contributors to the food phosphorus footprint in the city. The 2030 scenario analysis shows that implementing a comprehensive scenario scheme throughout the entire lifecycle process from phosphorus input to waste disposal is the best choice for reducing phosphorus losses and suppressing the growth of food phosphorus footprint in the future. Our study shows that the food phosphorus footprint in the Kisumu food system was 0.67 kg P cap-1yr-1 in 2023, which is still at a low level but may enter a continuous upward trend with the improvement of socio-economic development of the city. In our framework, we have proposed a few essential measures that include urine separation, installation of septic tank, adjustment of dietary structure, flexible layout of sanitary disposal facilities, and separation of organic waste streams to reduce food phosphorus footprints in Kisumu. Given the similarity of cities along the shores of Lake Victoria, our calculation methods and management strategies can be applied to other cities in the region.

Adults' perception of the act of cooking in the domestic food environment: a scoping review protocol

The weakening of the generational transmission of culinary skills has led to less confidence and autonomy among individuals in preparing their meals, and to a pattern of food consumption, consisting of ultra-processed foods, which do not require time or the use of these skills. This scoping review aim to identify and to map the perception of adults regarding the act of cooking in the domestic food environment, over the last five years, a time frame that includes the experience of the period of social distancing due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Scope review protocol based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search will be carried out in the following databases: Scopus, Medline, SciElo, EMBASE, WOS, JSTOR and Lilacs. Sources of unpublished studies/gray literature will be searched on Google Scholar. The search, selection and data extraction steps will be carried out by four reviewers, and if there are disagreements, a fifth reviewer will be consulted. The process steps will be presented through the PRISMA-ScR flowchart. The extracted data will be organized to enable evaluation and descriptive analysis. The results will be presented in tables, tables and descriptively.

Factors and Perceptions Associated with Post-Pandemic Food Sourcing and Dietary Patterns among Urban Corner Store Customers in Baltimore, Maryland.

Diet-related disease is rising, disproportionately affecting minority communities in which small food retail stores swamp supermarkets. Barriers to healthy food access were exacerbated by the pandemic. We examined the following: (1) individual- and household-level factors in a sample of Baltimore community members who regularly shop at corner stores and (2) how these factors are associated with indicators of dietary quality. Cross-sectional data were collected using an online survey to capture sociodemographics, anthropometrics, and food sourcing, spending, and consumption patterns. Concurrent quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted in Stata 18 and ATLAS.ti. This study was set in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The participants included adults (n = 127) living or working in Baltimore who identified as regular customers of their neighborhood corner store. The respondents were majority Black and low-income, with a high prevalence of food insecurity (62.2%) and overweight/obesity (66.9%). Most (82.76%) shopped in their neighborhood corner store weekly. One-third (33.4%) of beverage calories were attributed to sugar-sweetened beverages, and few met the recommended servings for fruits and vegetables or fiber (27.2% and 10.4%, respectively). Being Black and not owning a home were associated with lower beverage and fiber intake, and not owning a home was also associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake. Food insecurity was associated with higher beverage intake, while WIC enrollment was associated with higher fruit and vegetable and fiber intakes. Open-ended responses contextualized post-pandemic food sourcing and consumption in this setting. This paper helps characterize the consumers of a complex urban food system. The findings will inform future strategies for consumer-engaged improvement of local food environments.

Impact of Junk Food Consumption Pattern on the Nutritional Status of Adolescents Aged between 13 and 18 Years

Nutrition is the cornerstone for human health and growth throughout the life cycle. Today, about one-third of the world’s population suffers from a lack of proper nutrition, making it one of the most severe issues facing the worldwide society. Fast food consumption is common among adolescents globally, and it is increasing in low and middle-income countries. This present study aimed to compare the nutritional status and fast-food consumption patterns of adolescent girls aged between 13 and 18 years. It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that included 100 adolescents, assessed the anthropometry, and elicited information on activity patterns, dietary profile, and fast-food consumption patterns by structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the junk food consumption impacts the health and nutritional status of school-aged adolescents, perhaps contributing to poor growth outcomes. This study offers new insight for formulating research studies for future researchers.

Analyzing per capita food consumption patterns in net food-importing developing countries

Net food-importing developing countries, which account for 30% of countries globally, and roughly 20% of the global population, must seek to reduce their vulnerabilities in food production trade shocks. This study investigates per capita food consumption patterns in 60 net food-importing developing countries using ICP 2017 data for eight food categories. Employing the linear approximate, almost ideal demand system model, the research derives marginal shares, income and price elasticities of demand, shedding light on consumption behaviors and responsiveness to changes in income and prices. Results highlight that additional expenditure on per capita food consumption is primarily allocated to fruits, vegetables, meat, and bread and cereals, with considerable variations among countries. At the same time, minimal allocation is observed for sugar and honey, as well as fats and oils. Income elasticities indicate varying degrees of responsiveness across food categories. In contrast, own-price elasticities underscore significant sensitivity to price fluctuations, notably for beverages, milk, cheese, and eggs, meat, fats and oils, and fish and seafood. Moreover, cross-price elasticities suggest predominantly substitution relationships between pairs of food categories, on average. Additionally, a visually informative map displaying estimated marginal shares, income elasticities, and own-price elasticities for the eight food categories was created. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in understanding consumption dynamics and formulating effective strategies to address food security and welfare concerns in net food-importing developing countries.