Consumption Of Supplements Research Articles

Awareness and knowledge of related gymnasium related kidney diseases in Saudi Arabia

Background: A gymnasium is a place for physical activities and frequent consumption of hormonal and non-hormonal supplements by athletes in order to build muscles and gain strength in a short time. The gymnasium can be the cause of several renal diseases through different practices such as extensive exercises, consuming energy drinks, and insulin injection. In addition, the use of anabolic steroids has a direct and indirect impact on kidney health. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess people's awareness and knowledge of certain bad athletic behaviors leading to kidney disease. Young people could play a role in changing the behavior of their society and raising awareness. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Our questionnaire was used to assess levels of awareness and understanding about Gymnasium, body building, and the associated negative effects on kidney health and illness. An online questionnaire was created using Google Forms, and a link was sent. To fill out the questionnaire, each participant must first consent to participate. Following the coding of the questionnaire responses, statistical analysis was performed. Results: The participants were mostly in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Of the 191 individuals, 93.7% preferred to use the Survey in Arabic; 41.7% were female; and their ages ranged from 15 to 41 years old, with an average of 29 years old. The young age group of 21–25 constituted 33.3%, and 25% were > 41 years old. The majority of participants were from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (66.7%). It was clear to us that most people had less knowledge about the relationship between exercise and kidney failure (57%). On the other hand, there was a high percentage of people who believed that steroid and hormone use was harmful to their health (69.8%). In addition, we found that the majority of people who exercise are over 41 years of age, which leads to a higher level of awareness of nutritional supplements and knowledge. Conclusion: Nephropathy in the gym is complex, and its prevention relies on public knowledge, support, and active engagement. We urge that health workers and medical students play an essential role in raising awareness and information about the risk of nutrition supplements on the kidney and those public lectures be presented regularly.

Managing my own health! An ancillary outlook on pharmaceutical and health supplements consumption

PurposeThe surge in pharmaceutical and health supplement usage among consumers aims to enhance personal well-being. This growing opportunity for pharmaceutical brands has resulted in increased market share and intensified industry competition. Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aims to identify the factors influencing Malaysians’ choices regarding pharmaceutical and health supplements. In addition, the variable of past behaviour was incorporated to account for consumer decisions based on prior experiences.Design/methodology/approachUsing purposive sampling, 300 questionnaires were gathered and analysed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and structural equation modelling technique via Analysis of Moment Structures software to validate the reliability of each variables and the postulated relationships within the research framework.FindingsResults revealed a pronounced impact of past behaviour on the intention to consume pharmaceutical and health supplements. The mediating role of perceived behavioural control in bridging past behaviour and consumption intention was also ascertained. Notably, the findings support the inclusion of past behaviour in the TPB as a pivotal determinant of intention.Originality/valueThe insights gleaned underscore the escalating trend of pharmaceutical consumption in Malaysia, providing strategies to enhance and maintain the competitive edge and market position of pharmaceutical brands.

A Study of Vitamin D Status and Its Influencing Factors among Pregnant Women in Szeged, Hungary: A Secondary Outcome of a Case-Control Study.

Adequate vitamin D (VD) intake during pregnancy is needed for fetal development and maternal health maintenance. However, while there is no doubt regarding its importance, there is not a unified recommendation regarding adequate intake. The main aim of our study was to measure the VD serum level of studied women, together with its potential influencing factors: demographic (i.e., age, level of education, relationship status and type of residence), conception and pregnancy related factors. Results are based on secondary data analyses of a retrospective case-control study of 100 preterm and 200 term pregnancies, where case and control groups were analyzed together. Data collection was based on a self-administered questionnaire, health documentation, and maternal serum VD laboratory tests. VD intake was evaluated by diet and dietary supplement consumption. According to our results, 68.1% of women took some kind of prenatal vitamin, and only 25.9% of them knew about its VD content. Only 12.1% of included women reached the optimal, 75 nmol/L serum VD level. Higher maternal serum levels were associated with early pregnancy care visits (p = 0.001), assisted reproductive therapy (p = 0.028) and advice from gynecologists (p = 0.049). A correlation was found between VD intake and serum levels (p < 0.001). Despite the compulsory pregnancy counselling in Hungary, health consciousness, VD intake and serum levels remain below the recommendations. The role of healthcare professionals is crucial during pregnancy regarding micronutrients intake and the appropriate supplementation dose.

TRAINING EMPOWERMENT OF CADRES BY USING CONTROL CARDS TO PREVENT ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DESA RANAH SINGKUANG

Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth, the nutritional needs of pregnant women increase both in quantity and quality of nutrition. The proportion of anemia in pregnant women increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. Anemia is linked to other health problems such as low birth weight, stunting, and child malnutrition. One of many ways to overcome the problem of anemia in pregnant women is by giving iron supplement. Pregnant women in Riau Province who received iron supplement decreased from 79% in 2018 to 65% in 2019. Therefore, it is necessary to empower cadres in preventing anemia, namely by using control cards of iron supplement consumption and education in the form of providing nutritional videos for pregnant women. The aim of this Community Service is to provide cadre training so that they will be able to educate pregnant women to increase knowledge, adherence to drinking iron supplement, and skills in processing foods high in iron. The training method used for cadres is lectures with educational media in the form of control cards, presentation handouts, showing videos on nutrition for pregnant women, and questions and answers.The training for cadres successfully improved cadre knowledge and skills, which now could educate and giving assistancy to pregnant woman consuming iron supplements and prepare high Fe foods. After receiving education from cadres, pregnant women's consumption of iron supplement increased significantly from previously not routinely every day due to forgetting or feeling nauseous after consuming iron supplement to becoming routine every day.

Opportunities to improve goat production and food security in Botswana through forage nutrition and the use of supplemental feeds

Goats fulfil a central role in food and nutritional security across Africa with over half of households owning or rearing goats in rural areas. However, goat performance is poor and mortality high. This study assessed the nutritional quality of commonly used feeds and proposes feed-baskets to enhance goat nutrition and health. Feeds were collected from 11 areas within the Central District of Botswana, and macronutrient analyses were conducted, including crude protein, fibre fractions, ash, and metabolizable energy (ME). Forage nutrition was compared across seasons and soil types. Additionally, seasonal supplementation trials were conducted to evaluate consumption rates of various supplements, including crop residues, pellets, Lablab purpureus, and Dichrostachys cinerea. Each supplement was provided ad libitum for a 24-h period, and consumption rates determined. Findings revealed significant differences in nutrition among various feed sources, across seasons, and in relation to soil types (p < 0.001). Consumption rates of supplements were higher during the dry season, possibly due to reduced forage availability. Supplement consumption rates varied across supplement type, with crop residues accounting for approximately 1% of dry matter intake, compared to up to 45% for pellets, 13% for L. purpureus, and 15% for D. cinerea. While wet season feed baskets exhibited higher ME values compared to dry-season feed-baskets, the relative impact of supplementation was more pronounced during the dry season. These results highlight the potential for optimizing goat diets through improved grazing and browsing management, especially during the reduced nutritional availability in the dry season in Botswana. Such diet optimisation may improve goat health and productivity, which may positively impact the food and financial security of smallholders by providing both increased yields and increased resilience. Importantly, rural communities can experience some of the lowest food security levels in the region. The interventions explored in this study utilise natural capital, often freely available, which can be deployed through existing husbandry systems, potentially making them accessible and practical to smallholders.

Analysis of Actual Fitness Supplement Consumption among Health and Fitness Enthusiasts.

With the rising popularity of fitness supplements, understanding the factors driving their consumption behaviors is crucial. This study investigated the actual consumption of fitness supplements utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Health Belief Model (HBM), and the Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity (TEMPA) frameworks. The TPB provided insights into how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence individuals' intentions to consume fitness supplements. Additionally, the HBM sheds light on perceived effectiveness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation related to supplement consumption. Integrating the TEMPA framework further investigated the role of effort minimization in physical activity contexts. Through an online questionnaire, data were collected from a sample of 250 fitness supplement-consuming respondents. SEM analysis revealed significant associations between behavioral intentions and attitudes, perceived behavioral control, health motivation, and controlled precursors. However, it was seen that subjective norms, perceived effectiveness, perceived benefits, and automatic precursors were deemed insignificant. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping actual consumption behaviors, offering valuable implications for marketers, health professionals, and policymakers seeking to promote informed and responsible supplement use among health and fitness enthusiasts.

Determinant Factors Influencing Compliance with Multi-Micronutrient (MMS) Supplement Consumption in Pregnant Women in the Gorontalo City Puskesmas Area

Pregnant women's compliance in consuming vitamin supplements is the behavior of following the instructions or rules given by health workers to prevent and improve the nutritional status of women of childbearing age, especially pregnant women. The aim of the research was to analyze the relationship between age, education, employment, parity, ANC quantity, husband's support and the role of health workers with compliance with multi-micronutrient supplement consumption among pregnant women in the Gorontalo City Health Center area. This research method uses descriptive statistical analysis research methods. With a cross sectional design, the sample size was 112 pregnant women from 7 health centers in the city of Gorontalo using proportional sampling. Data analysis technique using Binary Logistic Regression. The results of the research show that the age variable has a sig value (P-Value = 0.001 &lt; α (0.05) with compliance with pregnant women, education sig (P-Value = 0.015 &lt; α (0.05) with compliance with pregnant women, employment sig (P -Value = 0.009 &lt; α (0.05) with compliance of pregnant women, parity sig (P-Value = 0.002 &lt; α (0.05) with compliance of pregnant women, ANC quantity sig (P-Value = 0.000 &lt; α (0, 05) with compliance with pregnant women. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between age, education, employment, parity, quantity of ANC, and compliance with multi-micronutrient supplement consumption in pregnant women.

The Effectiveness of MONOGAMIA (Monopoly to Prevent Anemia) on Female Adolescent Knowledge about Anemia Prevention and Consumption of Iron Supplement

Introduction: The leading causes of anaemia in female adolescents are iron and nutrient deficiencies, excessive blood loss during menstruation, and incorrect diet due to a lack of knowledge of female adolescents about the prevention of anaemia and the consumption of iron supplement tablets. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of MONOGAMIA on the knowledge level of female adolescents.Methods: The research design was a quasi-experiment pre-post-test with control group. The sample was 96 female students divided into two groups at Senior High School East Lombok from October 4-14, 2024. The intervention group used MONOGAMIA, and the control group used the CEMARI Flip Chart. The Fe tablet was given for four weeks. Data collection used questionnaires of knowledge and iron supplement consumption compliance cards. Knowledge pre-test and post-test were taken on the same day in both groups, and compliance with iron consumption was taken one week after education. The research data were analysed using Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney, and Chi-Square (α&lt;0.05). Results: Both groups had a significant difference in knowledge of anaemia prevention before and after education (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant difference in knowledge about anaemia prevention after education between two groups (p = 0.000). There was a significant difference in iron supplement consumption between the intervention and control group after education (p = 0.028). Conclusion: MONOGAMIA is more effective in increasing knowledge about anaemia prevention and iron supplement consumption in female adolescents than CEMARI. MONOGAMIA can be used to educate female adolescents on how to prevent anaemia.

Factors Affecting The Incidence of Anemia in Third-Trimester Pregnant Women at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center, Pemalang District

AbstractIntroduction: Anemia in pregnancy occurs due to a lack of nutritional intake to meet the needs of the mother and fetus. According to Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is 48.9%. Anemia in pregnancy can occur due to various factors. The most common anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia which is caused by a lack of nutritional intake and foods that contain iron.Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive observational, the sample was pregnant women in the third trimester, who had Hb levels &lt;11 gr/dl and underwent ANC at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center. This research was conducted in August-October 2023 with a total of 62 respondents, analysis used univariate analysis.Results: The prevalence of anemia in third-trimester pregnant women at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%. Various factors influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center.Conclusion: The prevalence of third-trimester pregnancy anemia at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%, and the most influencing factors are nutritional status (61.3%) and non-compliance with iron supplement consumption (53.2%). Health officials have also made various efforts to reduce the incidence of anemia

Prevalence of Nutritional Supplements Consumption among Literate Women in Tertiary Institutions in Ekiti State

Nutrition experts, health educators and enlightenment stake holders have discovered that the dietary supplement market is growing at alarming rate. The rate of consumption of the dietary supplements seems to be increasing on daily basis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nutritional supplements consumption and the perception of women in all tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria. Population for the study consisted of two hundred (200) literate women who were randomly selected from these institutions. 42% of the sample were academic women, while the remaining (58%) women were non-academic. Findings showed that majority of the respondents are of child bearing age, 25% of the women are 50 years and above. Structured questionnaire and interview were used to elicit information from the women. Data collected were analyzed using E-test and Person Product Moment Correlation analysis. Majority (87.5%) of the respondents consume nutritional supplements. Minority (12.5%) did not believe in the consumption of supplements. It is shown that the value of the coefficient of determination indicates that all the predictor variables jointly accounted for 89.9% of the total variance while 10.1% is due to unexplained variance. It was through an interview that some of the women using nutritional supplements revealed that they are not sure of the risks associated with the consumption of the products. There is a need for concerted efforts on the part of nutritionists and health educators to create more nutrition education awareness among people.

Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Working-Age Residents of Lithuania in the Period from 2021 to 2023.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) among working-age residents of Lithuania from 2021 to 2023 with respect to social and demographic factors and an assessment of personal health. Materials and Methods: Using stratified sampling techniques, this study included three samples of working-age residents (1600 each year, 4800 total). Three surveys were conducted, the distribution of the respondents between groups was compared using the χ2 test. Results: The consumption of DS significantly differed each year and accounted for 78.1%, 71.6%, and 72.7% of the respondents, respectively (p < 0.05). In 2022, the prevalence of the consumption of DS was lower in the majority of social and demographic groups (p < 0.05). In 2023, it was higher among females, younger residents, and those from larger families, who suffered from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Despite similar changes found in the consumption of DS among those who negatively assessed their health, this group showed more prevalent consumption of DS among residents with non-university education, unemployed respondents, and those with lower income (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite a significantly lower prevalence in the consumption of DS in 2022, it was higher again in 2023. The assessment of personal health shows different habits in the consumption of DS.

A polyphenol-rich cranberry supplement improves muscle oxidative capacity in healthy adults.

Cranberries are rich in polyphenols, have a high antioxidant capacity, and may protect against exercise-induced free radical production. Mitochondria are known producers of free radical in skeletal muscle, and preventing overproduction of radicals may be a viable approach to improve muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on muscle oxidative capacity and oxygenation metrics in healthy active adults. 17 participants (9 males and 8 females) were tested at: (i) baseline, (ii) 2 h following an acute CE dose (0.7g/kg of body mass), and (iii) after 4 weeks of daily supplement consumption (0.3g/kg of body mass). At each time point, muscle oxidative capacity was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a 15-20s contraction of the vastus lateralis. Cranberry supplementation over 28 days significantly improved muscle oxidative capacity (k-constant, 2.8±1.8vs. 3.9±2.2; p=0.02). This was supported by a greater rate of oxygen depletion during a sustained cuff occlusion (-0.04±0.02vs. -0.07±0.03; p=0.02). Resting muscle oxygen consumption was not affected by cranberry consumption. Our results suggest that cranberry supplementation may play a role in improving mitochondrial health, which could lead to better muscle oxidative capacity in healthy active adult populations.

Description of Iron, Protein Intake, Compliance with Government Activity Blood Supplement Tablets Consumption and Consumption Patterns of Iron Inhibitors in Adolescent Girls at Public High School 1 Barat Magetan District

Anemia is common in developing countries such as Indonesia. Government prevention efforts to overcome iron deficiency are by giving Blood Addition Tablets and also improving diet. Identify the intake of protein iron consumption, compliance consumption of government activity blood supplement tablets and consumption patterns of iron inhibitors in SMA Negeri 1 Barat Magetan District. This research is a descriptive study. Data collection by interview with a questionnaire instrument compliance consumption of blood supplement tablets and food intake interview with SQ-FFQ questionnaire. The number of respondents was 58 students with proportional random sampling technique. The percentage of students who did not consume blood supplement tablets (67.2%). The level of iron intake was deficient (62.1%), students consumed tannin very often (25.9%), consumption of phytic acid often (48.3%), and the level of protein intake was severely deficient (79.3%). Most students did not consume the given blood supplement tablets. Most students had iron deficiency and protein intake levels that were severely deficient. The students also had a frequent category in consuming phytic acid and also had a frequent category in consuming phytic acid. Schools are advised to hold counseling on anemia and balanced nutrition, and blood supplement tablets supplementation activities.

Real-world survey of eating attitudes and spending behaviors related to healthy foods/supplements in women seeking to become pregnant

Since 2022, fertility treatments have been partially covered by insurance in Japan. Women who wish to become pregnant may explore various means of conception as fertility treatments have shown low success rates. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the state of knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward health foods among women who are actively trying to become pregnant. A web-based research company surveyed the eating attitudes and behaviors towards healthy foods of 900 women seeking to become pregnant. Regression analysis for the total amount spent on pregnancy was conducted, with "amount spent on actions undertaken to conceive" as the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis on actions undertaken to conceive was performed using age, family income, body mass index, duration of hospital visits, duration of actions undertaken to conceive, cumulative amount incurred to conceive, awareness of dietary guidelines, adherence to dietary practices, number of types of health foods and supplements, whether participants considered consumption of nutritious foods and supplements to be important, and cumulative amount spent on healthy foods and supplements. The effect size for the Chi-square test was determined with Cramer's coefficient of association. Increasing age was associated with a longer time to conceive, longer hospital visits, higher conception costs (including fertility treatment), and a higher intake of healthy food products. The number of healthy food types had the greatest impact on the cost incurred to conceive. Folic acid was the most commonly consumed healthy food, followed by iron and calcium. This study clarified the real-world situation regarding healthy foods for women seeking pregnancy in Japan. The information necessary for pregnant women to select safe healthy foods was clarified, which may lead to the establishment of risk-communication measures to ensure safety.

Influence of vitamins and food on the fluorescence spectrum of human urine.

Fluorescence spectroscopy of human urine is a method with the potential to gain importance as a diagnostic tool in the medical field, e.g.,for measuring Coproporphyrin III (CPIII) as an indicator of cancer and acute types of porphyria. Food can change human urine's color, which could influence the urine fluorescence spectrum and the detection of CPIII in urine. To determine if there is a noticeable influence on the urine fluorescence spectrum or on the detection of CPIII in urine, 16vitamin supplements, and three food items were tested. Such investigation may also prevent false interpretation of measured data. Urine samples were collected before and after (overnight, ca. 8 h) intake of each test substance. Samples were investigated by fluorescence spectrum analysis. At excitation wavelengths from 300to 500 nm and emission wavelengths from 400to 700 nm excitation-emission-matrices were measured. Data obtained from urine before intake were compared to the data from overnight urine. Furthermore, the investigation of any interference with the CPIII concentration was performed at an excitation wavelength of 407 ± 3 nm and emission wavelengths of 490-800 nm. Only vitamin B2, but none of the other tested substances, showed noticeable influence on the urine fluorescence spectrum. None of the tested substances showed noticeable interference with the recovery rate of CPIII. The correct interpretation of measured data by fluorescence spectroscopy is possible with the exception if vitamin B2 supplementation was performed; thus, the consumption of vitamin B2 supplements before fluorescence testing of the patient's urine should be avoided and/or must be requested. CPIII concentrations could reliably be measured in all cases.

Change in Caffeine Consumption after Pandemic (CCAP-Study) among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Italy.

(1) Background: The lockdown, imposed to limit the pandemic evolution, impacted the social habits and lifestyle of inhabitants also from many countries other than Italy. Caffeine consumption could be a useful option to improve mood, as the lockdown strongly affected mental health, particularly increasing anxiety and sleep disorders. (2) Methods: It was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the change in caffeine consumption after the pandemic period in a sample of Italian University students. It investigated coffee and products containing caffeine consumption, the anxiety level by State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and sleep quality with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISS). (3) Results: A total of 404 participants were enrolled in the study. During the lockdown period, 23% of subjects consumed more coffee compared to the pre-pandemic period. Daily coffee consumption also changed after the lockdown period compared to the pre-pandemic period, with 36.1% of subjects that increased their consumption. Comparing other caffeine-based products, energizing supplement consumption showed a greater increase after the lockdown period than energy drinks. Regarding anxiety, subjects who reported increased coffee consumption reported higher STAI scores and ISS. (4) Conclusions: About a quarter of university students increased their consumption of caffeine-based products after the pandemic, reporting higher levels of anxiety and poor sleep quality.

The Effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia, and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Pregnant Women on Low Birth Weight

This study aims to determine the effect of chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with the consumption of iron supplement tablets by pregnant women with low birth weight. This research design was a case-control retrospective approach with a sample size of 33 people. The independent variables in this study were chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption during pregnancy; the dependent variable was Low Birth Weight (LBW). Data collection using observation and interviews, statistical tests using the chi-square test. The results of the research were that there was an effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) (p=0.000) OR=94.5, anemia (p=0.019) OR=9.64, compliance with iron supplement consumption on LBW (p=0.009) OR=12.00. An OR value &gt; 1 proves that pregnant women with CED anemia and compliance with iron supplement consumption have a greater risk of giving birth to LBW children than mothers without CED are anemic and adhere to iron supplement consumption. The incidence of CED, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption in pregnant women influence LBW. Prevention efforts need to be carried out through education and assistance from families in meeting the nutritional needs of pregnant women, as well as compliance in consuming iron supplements as recommended

The Effectiveness of Educational Media on Knowledge, Dietary Patterns and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Anemic Adolescent Girls

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of educational media on knowledge, eating patterns, and compliance with the Iron supplement consumption in anemic teenagers at Senior High School, SMKN 15 Samarinda. The type of research used was quasi-experimental, and the research design used a pre-test and post-test with a control group research design. The population was all 621 female students, and 72 people were screened; then, the sample was obtained from about 30 respondents by hemoglobins quick check. The sample was determined as 15 people for the flipchart media group with leaflets and 15 people for the leaflet media group. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the research were that anemic teenagers consisted of teenagers aged 12-16 years with a percentage of 73.3%. Educational media influenced knowledge (p 0.008) and compliance with iron supplement consumption (p 0.028) of anemic adolescents. There was no effect of educational media on the diet of anemic adolescents as sources of animal protein (p 0.217), vitamin C (p 0.217), and Fe inhibitors (p 0.217). This study concludes that education using flipcharts and leaflets has an effect on increasing knowledge and consumption of iron supplement tablets

Consumers’ attitudes toward probiotic dairy products in the post-Covid-19 normalization process

Current studies conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic reported that contracting Covid-19 and related deaths was higher in undernourished and immunocompromised societies than in societies with a well-balanced diet. The consumption of various foods, beverages, nutritional supplements, and foods that support the immune system against Covid-19 was also recommended during this process. Probiotics are among the recommended foods to be consumed. This study aimed to determine the consumption tendencies of individuals toward probiotic dairy products in the post-Covid-19 normalization process. Data were collected through a survey from 315 adults residing in Ankara, Turkey, between September-November 2022 to identify their awareness of probiotic dairy products and their desire to consume them. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Findings were analyzed through IBM SPSS 25 statistics software using independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant correlation was found between consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge or awareness levels about probiotic dairy products. However, female consumers and those with higher education levels were found to have an increased awareness of probiotic dairy products and purchasing likelihood. Additionally, those who contracted Covid-19 tended to consume these products to live healthier. The study emphasized awareness-raising consumers of the possibility of a healthier life by consuming probiotic dairy products.

The State of Health Supplements Consumption in Malaysia

The demand for health supplements (HS) has skyrocketed in Malaysia and around the world in recent years. The demand for supplements keeps rising as more people show an interest in maintaining their health. Vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements, and herbal supplements (botanicals) are popular health items. These medications are available over the counter and often come in pills, powder, or liquid form. The endemic effect of COVID-19 anticipates that people will look outside of vaccines for HSs to support their body’s immune system. The study investigates the Malaysian public’s awareness, consumption, and perception or belief about HSs, especially the antecedents to the reason for consuming HS. Purposive sampling and snowball methods were used to solicit data from the Malaysian public by employing a self-administered questionnaire in this cross-sectional online survey. Note that 478 responses were received, but 418 were usable (yielding an 87.45% response rate). The key findings demonstrated a statistically significant chi-square where there are positive associations between the antecedents of Malaysians consuming HS, including country of origin, the Internet, liquid form of HS, and loss of body fat, with a strong magnitude of association. The findings in this study provide a valuable indicator for scientists, researchers, producers, sellers, and marketers to identify the marketability of their invented HS products.