Potassium Consumption Research Articles

The Association of Sodium or Potassium Intake Timing with Athens Insomnia Scale Scores: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Insomnia is a significant public health problem affecting a large population. Although previous research has explored the relationship between specific nutrients and insomnia, comprehensive analyses of daily eating patterns of macro- and micronutrients remain limited. Since nocturnal hypertension is related to sodium/potassium intake and sleep disturbances, the present cross-sectional study hypothesized that daily eating patterns of potassium and sodium would be associated with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores. Dietary data (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack intake) and additional online questionnaire responses were obtained from users (N = 4568; age: 43.5 ± 11.2 years) of Asken, a Japanese food-logging mobile health application. AIS scores were divided into three groups according to symptom classification. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individuals with higher AIS scores had higher daily potassium intake; potassium at dinner was especially crucial. These results underscore the potential importance of potassium intake in relation to sleep and highlight a novel association between sleep disturbances and the timing of sodium and potassium consumption.

Consumption of sodium and its ratio to potassium in relation to all-cause, cause-specific, and premature non-communicable disease mortality in middle-aged Japanese adults: A prospective cohort study.

Reducing premature non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality is a global challenge. Sodium is thought to increase the risk of NCD via an effect of salt per se or high-salt foods on hypertension-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastrointestinal cancer. Further, the relative risk of CVD is reportedly more closely associated with sodium/potassium ratio than with sodium alone. However, few studies have investigated the effect of consumption of sodium or its ratio to consumption of potassium on the risk of premature NCD death. We examined associations between intake of sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio and risk of all-cause and cause-specific death, including premature NCD, in a Japanese prospective cohort study. During 1995-1998, a validated food frequency questionnaire was administered in 11 areas to 83,048 men and women aged 45-74 years. During 1,587,901 person-years of follow-up until the end of 2018, 17,727 all-cause deaths and 3,555 premature NCD deaths were identified. Higher sodium intake was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and premature NCD mortality, but not all NCD mortality, among men: multivariate hazards ratios for the highest vs. lowest quintiles (HR) were 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.20; trend p<0.01) for all-cause and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.47; trend p<0.01) for premature NCD mortality. When intakes were expressed as ratio to potassium intake, these associations (HR of all-cause: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11-1.27, trend p<0.01; HR of premature NCD: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.46, trend p<0.01), including associations with cancers (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.31, trend p=0.02), were strengthened in men. This prospective cohort study showed that both sodium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio are associated with increased risk of all-cause and early NCD mortality in middle-aged men.

To the Studies on Pollution of Under Ground Water Mau City

The study focuses on the environmental evaluation and classification of the Mau City area, located in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. The investigation covers an area of approximately 20 km2 and includes a diverse population in terms of socio- economic, cultural, and geographical characteristics. The population data reveals significant growth, with a population increase from 168,716 in 1991 to 2,205,968 in 2011. Animal populations, including cattle and poultry, have also shown an increasing trend from 2018 to 2020. Fertilizer usage data between 2017 and 2020 indicates fluctuations in the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, demonstrating potential agricultural impacts on the environment. Water quality analysis is a major part of this study, employing various methods to determine salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Salinity was measured through titration with silver nitrate, while oxygen levels were analyzed using different methods, including dissolved oxygen (DO) analysis. Results indicate variations in water quality across different sampling sites (S1-S6), with key parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, and bacterial contamination being recorded monthly for the years 2019 and 2020.The research also involves the collection and analysis of water samples using various devices, including water samplers, bottom samplers, and biological samplers. Methods such as the EDTA method for water hardness, the gravimetric method for sulfate determination, and the colorimetric analysis for iron and chromium concentrations were utilized to evaluate the pollutants in the water. The study provides critical insights into water quality degradation, highlighting the presence of various pollutants, including nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals like chromium, copper, and iron.

Abstract 4130314: High sodium, low potassium diet is associated with incident cardiovascular disease among US Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Diets high in sodium and low in potassium are associated with increased blood pressure level but associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain controversial. Few studies have evaluated this relationship among Hispanic/Latino adults. Objective: To assess whether dietary sodium and potassium are associated with incident CVD among diverse US Hispanics/Latino adults. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a cohort of 16,415 self-identifying Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18-74 four US urban communities in 2008-2011 (visit 1; V1). V1 included a comprehensive examination with in-person measurement of health information and interviewer administered questionnaires. Dietary sodium (mg/day) and potassium (mg/day) intakes were assessed from the average of two 24-hour dietary recall surveys administered by bilingual registered dietitians. CVD events occurring from V1 through 2019 were adjudicated by an expert panel of clinicians. We used Poisson regression to determine the association (incidence rate ratio, IRR) between sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio, with CVD, using time to CVD as an offset. Models accounted for HCHS/SOL complex survey design and were adjusted for demographic, including Hispanic/Latino background, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors along with energy consumption, body mass index, cholesterol, and family history of CVD. Results: Among 15,291 participants without self-reported CVD at V1, mean age was 40 years, with 53% female. Mean daily intakes of sodium and potassium were 3,040 mg/day and 2,422 mg/day, respectively. Molar ratio of sodium to potassium was 1.33. Over 9.7 years of follow-up, there were 311 CVD events (2.0 events per 1,000 person years, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.5). In adjusted models, nutrients were associated with increased risk of CVD: by 17% for each 1g/day increment of sodium (IRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.33); by 29% for each 1g/day decrement of potassium (IRR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.64); and by 112% for each 0.5 molar increment of sodium to potassium ratio (IRR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.11). Conclusions: In a large diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, high dietary sodium and low dietary potassium were independently associated with an increased risk of CVD. Results underscore the importance of intensifying public health interventions to improve nutrient quality, by reducing dietary sodium and increasing dietary potassium consumption as a means of preventing CVD.

Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.

High sodium and low potassium consumption are related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of salt addition and potassium consumption with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Our study used the UK Biobank cohort, which included over 500,000 individuals enrolled from the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. This study involved 416,868 participants who filled out the dietary recall regarding the frequency of salt addition. During follow-up, 19,164 (4.6%) developed AF. The incidence of new-onset AF was increased based on the frequency of salt addition (never/rarely 3.83; always 4.72 per 1000 person-years). Compared with the group that never/rarely added salt, those adding salt always were at significantly higher risk of incident AF after adjusting for multiple variables (hazard ratio (HR) 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.24), and additional adjustment of dietary and total energy consumption (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.08-1.73). In the subgroup analysis, the risk of AF incident according to the frequency of salt addition significantly increased in low urine potassium levels compared to high (p for interaction = 0.046). In the subgroup analysis for AF patients, higher salt addition frequency was related to increased all-cause mortality. Our study demonstrated that adding salt to foods more frequently increases the risk of incident AF, even after adjusting for dietary and total energy consumption. In the high urine potassium group, the impact of high sodium consumption on incident AF was attenuated.

Macrophage SPAK deletion limits a low potassium-induced kidney inflammatory program.

Inadequate dietary potassium (K+) consumption is a significant contributor to poor cardiovascular outcomes. A diet with reduced K+ content has been shown to cause salt-sensitive increases in blood pressure. More recently, we have also shown that reductions in blood K+ can cause direct kidney injury, independent of dietary sodium (Na+) content. Here, we investigated the role of the kinase Ste20p-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) in this kidney injury response. We observed that global SPAK deletion protected the kidney from the damaging effects of a diet high in Na+ and low in K+. We hypothesized that kidney macrophages were contributing to the injury response and that macrophage-expressed SPAK is essential in this process. We observed SPAK protein expression in isolated macrophages in vitro. Culture in K+-deficient medium increased SPAK phosphorylation and caused SPAK to localize to cytosolic puncta, reminiscent of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) bodies identified along the distal nephron epithelium. WNK1 also adopted a punctate staining pattern under low K+ conditions, and SPAK phosphorylation was prevented by treatment with the WNK inhibitor WNK463. Macrophage-specific SPAK deletion in vivo protected against the low K+-mediated renal inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Our results highlight an important role for macrophages and macrophage-expressed SPAK in the propagation of kidney damage that occurs in response to reduced dietary K+ consumption.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Global Ste20p-related proline alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) deletion protects against harmful kidney effects of dietary K+ deficiency. Exposure to low K+ conditions increases SPAK phosphorylation and induces SPAK to adopt a punctate staining pattern. Macrophage-specific deletion of SPAK confers protection to low K+-induced kidney injury in vivo. Macrophage-expressed SPAK plays a key role in the development of kidney injury in response to a low K+ diet.

Stress-Induced Sulfide Production by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

It was previously discovered that, in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, stress-induced growth arrest is accompanied by the release of hydrogen sulfide. The source of the sulfide is the desulfurization of intracellular cysteine as one of the ways of maintaining it at a safe level. The danger of excess cysteine is associated with its participation in the Fenton reaction, leading to the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Using electrochemical sensors, we identified stress-induced sulfide production in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, growing on a minimal medium with sulfate, and changes in physiological parameters such as Eh, pH, and oxygen and potassium consumption. Sulfide production was observed during growth arrest due to the depletion of glucose, ammonium or antibiotic action. The use of sensors allowed to continuously record, in growing cultures, even small changes in parameters. There were significant differences in the amount and kinetics of sulfide production between Bacillus and E. coli. These differences are thought to be due to the lack of glutathione in Bacillus. It is suggested that stress-induced sulfide production by Bacillus under the described conditions may be one of the previously unknown sources of hydrogen sulfide in nature.

Potassium Intake and Bone Health: A Narrative Review.

Potassium is a cation involved in the resting phase of membrane potential. Diets rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, and coffee have high potassium content. The shift from a pre-agriculture diet to today's consumption has led to reduced potassium intake. Indeed, the Western diet pattern is characterized by a high daily intake of saturated fats, sugars, sodium, proteins from red meat, and refined carbohydrates with a low potassium intake. These reductions are also mirrored by high sodium intakes and a high consumption of acid-generating food, which promote a chronic state of low-grade metabolic acidosis. The low-grade metabolic acidosis is a cause of the bone-wasting effect. Therefore, a long-standing acidotic state brings into play the bone that contributes to the buffering process through an increase in osteoclastic resorption. In consideration of this background, we carried out a review that focused on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between dietary potassium intake and bone health, underlining the detrimental effects of the Western dietary patterns characterized by low potassium consumption.

Effect of Variety on Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Removal by Cereals

The results of field experiments are presented, in which the influence of varietal characteristics of grain crops of different breeding periods on the effectiveness of using mineral fertilizers for them on various soils was studied. Special attention was paid to the specific removal of nutrients, which means the consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1 ton of grain harvest with an appropriate amount of straw. The results of the experiments showed that the studied varieties responded differently to the application of fertilizers. Almost all modern varieties provided higher yields compared to previously zoned ones. The Mironovskaya 808 winter wheat variety on sod-podzolic soil was almost 2 times inferior to the Moskovskaya 39 variety and 1.7 times inferior to the Lgovskaya 4 variety on leached chernozems when applying the same dose of NPK. Similar data were also obtained for spring barley of the Moskovsky 121 variety and NUR and Elf varieties on sod-podzolic soils, where when N60P60K60 was applied, a yield of 2.7 t/ha was obtained in the first case and 4.9 and 4.7 in the second. Identical results were also observed on leached chernozems and light chestnut soils. In experiments with spring wheat, the result was the same, but the yield of this crop was lower compared to winter wheat and spring barley. The varieties of the studied cereals reacted to a lesser extent to changes in the specific removal of nutrients, and the data obtained did not show a sufficiently clear pattern, which necessitates continued research in this direction.

O81 EFFECT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS ON URINARY SODIUM TO POTASSIUM (Na/K) RATIO

Background: The urinary sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K) greater than 2 indicating either excess sodium or insufficient potassium intake. However, the effect of antihypertensive medications on the urinary Na/K ratio has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that antihypertensive medication would acutely affect the urinary Na/K ratio. Methods: Male and female C57BL/6J mice, 14 weeks old, and a separate cohort of 24-month-old mice were subjected to a regular chow diet (NaCl 0.4%) and a high salt diet (4%). Urinary Na/K ratios in spot urine samples were measured three times a week. After baseline measurements, all animals were treated with one antihypertensive medication for 2 weeks, followed by a one-week washout period. The effects of enalapril (25 mg/kg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg/day), and amlodipine (10 mg/kg/day)—were compared under a high salt diet mimicking human salt consumption. Urinary Na/K ratios collected on day 1 (acute) and day 8 (subacute) after initiating medication were compared to the vehicle period using a two-way ANOVA. Medication was administered with food using gel food pellets. Results: Under regular chow, the urinary Na/K ratio was 0.65±0.58 (n=15) with no interaction between sex or age (all p&gt;0.05). Under a high salt diet, the urinary Na/K ratio increased to 4.5±2.2 (p&lt;0.01 vs. regular chow) with no differences between sex and age. After the washout period, enalapril, both acutely and subacutely, did not affect the Na/K ratio. Similarly, hydrochlorothiazide did not affect the Na/K ratio in either period. However, amlodipine reduced the Na/K ratio in both acute and subacute periods (p&lt;0.001). No interaction was observed with sex or age. The effect of amlodipine was related to higher potassium excretion (43.9±23 vs. 81.6±33 meq/L; p&lt;0.001) with no changes in sodium excretion (152.2±75 vs. 173.3±43.5 meq/L; p=0.8). Conclusion: The Na/K ratio reflects salt and potassium consumption. The Na/K ratio is not affected by enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide. Amlodipine decreases the Na/K ratio acutely and subacutely due to increased potassium excretion.

Effect of Prolonged Action of Mineral Fertilizers under Conditions of Temperature Stress on Silage Maize Yield in the Steppe Zone of the Southern Urals

In modern agriculture in the Southern Urals, an important agronomic technique is to counteract drought. Of particular importance in increasing the feed base is the cultivation of maize for silage, which ensures maximum yields in extreme conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the potential possibilities of increasing the yield of green mass of maize for silage under the influence of temperature stress in conjunction with the prolonged action of mineral fertilizers and precursors in arid conditions. The study was carried out in the central zone of the Orenburg region from 1993 to 2022 on a stationary site with the southern carbonate heavy loamy chernozem soils with a humus content of 3.2–4.0%. The experiment was carried out with and without mineral fertilizers. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was determined by the ionometric method of Tyurin, mobile phosphorus – by Machigin, exchangeable potassium – by Maslova. A thermostatic-weight method was used to determine soil moisture. On average, over 30 years of research, when cultivating maize for silage in a 6-field crop rotation, an increase in yield was noted with the use of mineral fertilizers from 0.23 to 0.84 t/ha. The annual application of mineral fertilizers in permanent sowing of maize provided an increase in the yield of green mass of 2.51 t/ha. In years with severe aridity, the yield of leaf-stem mass on a fertilized background decreased by an average of 1.61 t/ha. In very dry years, maize plants consumed less nitrate nitrogen (by 2 or more times) than in years with different humidity, but at the same time, potassium consumption increased.

A qualitative study of patients’ perceptions of DASH diet apps for dietary self- management of hypertension in Saudi Arabia

Nutrition smartphone apps have become a popular and readily accessible approach to improving dietary behaviour. Hypertension is often associated with a poor diet, and its prevalence is increasing in Saudi Arabia(1). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan has been shown to reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension(2). A previous study identified two high-quality, safe, and potentially effective smartphone apps for managing hypertension: NOOM and DASH To TEN(3). This study aimed to explore the potential of these two DASH diet self- management apps for controlling blood pressure in the Saudi Arabian context.Fifteen patients were recruited at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ten patients had hypertension, and five had prehypertension (mean age = 45). Patients were given the two apps and asked to try each for one week. Focus groups (n=4) were held at the end of the trial to understand the patient perceptions of the apps. Discussions were recorded, and the transcriptions were analysed using a thematic framework analysis(4).The following four themes emerged:1.Managing hypertension through diet was perceived as important. Most patients reported thatadhering to the DASH diet was challenging due to a lack of motivation and willpower,inadequate support from household members, and high prices for healthy food.2.The potential and current reach of dietary apps emerged as a main theme, and manycomments related to patients’ belief that dietary apps could increase their motivation and awareness about the DASH diet. Barriers to the use of apps were also identified including their difficulty of use, a preference for dietetic monitoring, and cost.3.Interactive app functionality was identified as a key theme, as evidenced by comments about a straightforward sign-up process, an extensive food database for dietary self-monitoring, feedback, goal setting, and reminders, considered essential for diet adherence.4.A preference for the NOOM app emerged. Patients perceived the NOOM app more suitable in the Saudi context. Noom was deemed to support DASH self-management because it supports weight reduction, which helps lower blood pressure. NOOM was perceived as highly interactive, offering motivational reminders, feedback, realistic dietary plans, and a comprehensive food database. Patients made several recommendations for app improvement; these included Arabic language support, automatic calculation of sodium and potassium consumption, and lower cost. Patients also expressed a desire for training in the use of the app.This qualitative analysis suggests that the NOOM app could be suitable for use with hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia. Further research is needed to determine the feasibility and efficacy of long- term use of the NOOM app with a Saudi Arabia population.

The Effect of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Consumption on Intestinal Permeability and its Relation to Blood Pressure, and Endothelial Function: A Pilot Study

High sodium (HS) diets can reduce endothelial function (EF) and increase blood pressure (BP) while high potassium (HK) diets are shown to counter this effect. Furthermore, HS diets have also been shown to lead to gut dysbiosis, which is related to increased intestinal permeability (IP). However, the effect of HS diets on IP and whether the addition of HK can attenuate potential HS-induced changes to IP is unknown. Hypotheses: We hypothesized IP would increase on a HS diet and be mitigated by HK and that a higher IP would be related to elevations in BP and lower EF. Methods: Eleven healthy participants (5W/6M, age 32±8 yrs, BMI 23±1, BP 105±6/66±7 mmHg) consumed three 10-day diets of differing sodium and potassium content in randomized order: low sodium (LS)/low potassium (LK) (50mmol/65mmol), HS/LK (300mmol/65mmol), and HS/HK (300mmol/120mmol). On day 9 of each intervention, they collected their urine and wore an ambulatory BP monitor for 24-hr. On day 10, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured. Blood was collected and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), a biomarker of IP and bacterial translocation, was measured by ELISA. Mixed design ANOVAs assessed sex differences in LBP, FMD, and BPs between diets. Simple linear regressions assessed relations between variables. Results: Twenty-four-hr urinary sodium excretion was higher on both HS diets compared to LS/LK diet (both p&lt;0.01) and 24-hr urinary potassium excretion was higher on HS/HK compared to LS/LK and HS/LK diets (both p&lt;0.01). LBP was different between diets (p&lt;0.01), and there was a significant diet*sex interaction (p=0.02) where men had increased LBP compared to women on the HS/LK and HS/HK diets (both p&lt;0.01). FMD was not different between diets (p=0.13) although men had a lower FMD compared to women after each diet (sex: p&lt;0.01). Twenty-four-hr mean arterial pressure (MAP) was different between diets (p=0.047) as men demonstrated higher 24-hr MAP on the HS/LK diet compared to LS/LK diet (p=0.03) and lower MAP on the HS/HK diet compared to HS/LK diet (p=0.01). LBP was inversely related to FMD (r=-0.82, p&lt;.01) and positively related to MAP (r=0.72, p&lt;.01), 24-hr systolic BP (r=0.66, p=0.03), and 24-hr diastolic BP (r=0.66, p=0.03) on the HS/LK diet for all participants, but not the LS/LK or HS/HK diets. Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that HS diets may increase IP in men, and, in the context of a HS/LK diet, greater IP is associated with lower FMD and higher BP in all participants. NIH R01 HL145055. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Estimation of dietary intake of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and protein in healthy Indian population and patients with chronic kidney disease.

Poor nutritious diet is a major risk element for non-communicable diseases (NCD), which are of considerable public health concern. Given the diverse dietary patterns in India, precise determination of nutrient consumption is crucial for disease management. The present study assessed the dietary intake of sodium, potassium, protein, and phosphorus among North Indians. This cross-sectional study included healthy adults and adults with stage 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analysed sodium, protein, potassium and phosphorus intakes using one-time 24-h urinary excretion. Dietary intake was also analysed in subgroups based on sex, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal obesity. We evaluated the performance of various equations available to estimate sodium intake using a spot urine sample with respect to the sodium excretion measured in a 24-h urine sample. Descriptive statistics was used along with t-test for statistical significance. A total of 404 subjects (182 adult healthy subjects and 222 adults with CKD) with a mean age of 47.01 ± 11.46 years were studied. Mean dietary intakes of sodium, salt, potassium, protein and phosphorus were 2.94 ± 1.68 g/day, 7.42 ± 4.24 g/day, 1.43 ± 0.59 g/day, 47.67 ± 14.73 g/day and 0.86 ± 0.39 g/day, respectively. There were no differences in nutrient consumption between adults who were healthy and those with CKD. Consumption of sodium, salt, protein, potassium, and phosphorus among healthy population vs. those with CKD were 2.81 ± 1.60 vs. 3.05 ± 1.73 g/day (p = 0.152), 7.08 ± 4.04 vs. 7.70 ± 4.37 g/day (p = 0.143), 47.16 ± 14.59 vs. 48.08 ± 14.86 g/day (p = 0.532), 1.38 ± 0.59 vs. 1.48 ± 0.58 g/day (p = 0.087) and 0.86 ± 0.41 vs. 0.87 ± 0.37 g/day (p = 0.738), respectively. Men had higher consumption of these nutrients than women. Compared to non-hypertensives, hypertensive subjects had higher consumption of salt (8.23 ± 4.89 vs. 6.84 ± 3.59 g/day, p = 0.002) and potassium (1.51 ± 0.63 vs. 1.38 ± 0.55 g/day, p = 0.024), however, no difference were found in protein and phosphorus intakes. In terms of performance of equations used to estimate 24-h sodium intake from spot urinary sodium concentration against the measured 24-h urinary sodium excretion, INTERSALT 2 equation exhibited the least bias [1.08 (95% CI, -5.50 to 7.66)]. The study shows higher-than-recommended salt and lower-than-recommended potassium intake in the north Indian population compared to those recommended by guidelines. The dietary protein intake is below the recommended dietary allowance. These findings help the development of targeted policies for dietary modification to reduce the risk of the development and progression of CKD.

Dietary calcium, phosphorus, and potassium intake associated with erectile dysfunction in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2004.

Erectile dysfunction is now a common disorder of sexual function, and its relationship to dietary calcium, phosphorus, and potassium has not been well studied. We set out to determine if dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are related to erectile dysfunction in U.S. men. For this cross-sectional investigation, we used data from NHANES 2001-2004. To investigate the connection of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and potassium intake with erectile dysfunction, we employed multivariate logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, and subgroup analysis. This cross-sectional study comprised 3,556 eligible male subjects in total, with a weighted mean age of 49.93±18.13 years. After controlling for race and age, the greatest tertile of calcium consumption was found to have a 34% lower risk of erectile dysfunction than the lowest tertile (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.52-0.84; p = 0.0006). The risk of erectile dysfunction was found to be reduced by 33% (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.52-0.87; p = 0.0024) for the highest tertile of phosphorus intake compared to the lowest tertile of phosphorus intake and by 35% (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.50-0.83; p = 0.0006) for the highest tertile of potassium intake compared to the lowest tertile of potassium intake in the fully adjusted model. Erectile dysfunction and dietary consumption of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium are inversely associated with the U.S. population. To confirm the accuracy of our findings, additional prospective studies are necessary. Furthermore, it is imperative to do further fundamental research at the molecular level to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Hydrogen Fertilization with Hydrogen Nanobubble Water Improves Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Compared to the Conventional Fertilizers

Although hydrogen gas (H2)-treated soil improves crop biomass, this approach appears difficult for field application due to the flammability of H2 gas. In this report, we investigated whether and how H2 applied in hydrogen nanobubble water (HNW) improves the yield and quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) with and without fertilizers. Two-year-long field trials showed that compared to corresponding controls, HNW without and with fertilizers improved the cherry tomato yield per plant by 39.7% and 26.5% in 2021 (Shanghai), respectively, and by 39.4% and 28.2% in 2023 (Nanjing), respectively. Compared to surface water (SW), HNW increased the soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) consumption regardless of fertilizer application, which may be attributed to the increased NPK transport-related genes in roots (LeAMT2, LePT2, LePT5, and SlHKT1,1). Furthermore, HNW-irrigated cherry tomatoes displayed a higher sugar–acid ratio (8.6%) and lycopene content (22.3%) than SW-irrigated plants without fertilizers. Importantly, the beneficial effects of HNW without fertilizers on the yield per plant (9.1%), sugar–acid ratio (31.1%), and volatiles (20.0%) and lycopene contents (54.3%) were stronger than those achieved using fertilizers alone. In short, this study clearly indicated that HNW-supplied H2 not only exhibited a fertilization effect on enhancing the tomato yield, but also improved the fruit’s quality with a lower carbon footprint.

Desempenho de remineralizadores inoculados com microrganismos como fonte de potássio e outros nutrientes

ABSTRACT The consumption of potassium (K) fertilizers in Brazilian agriculture exceeds the national production of this input by more than ten times, indicating the need for alternatives to reduce imports of these products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the remineralizing rocks phonolite and olivine melilitite as sources of K and other nutrients, as well as the effects of inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium on the solubilization of these rocks in the soil. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, with four replications, in a factorial arrangement consisting of three K sources (potassium chloride, phonolite, and olivine melilitite), three rates (150, 300, and 600 kg ha-1 K2O), with and without inoculant, and two controls without K (one with and one without inoculant). The experimental units consisted of pots containing 3 kg of soil and a strawberry plant grown for eight months. The treatment with olivine melilitite inoculated with rhizobacteria favored phosphate solubilization when applied the highest rate. Olivine melilitite remineralizer, alone or inoculated with rhizobacteria, increased K+ and Ca2+ contents in the soil when applied at the intermediate and highest rates (300 and 600 kg ha-1 K2O), highlighting this remineralizer as an alternative potassium source for plants.

Nutritional intake, environmental factors, and their impact on myopia prevalence in Korean children aged 5–12 years

BackgroundMyopia is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Although evidence indicates that certain dietary factors may influence the development of myopia, this relationship is still not completely understood and is a topic of ongoing research.MethodsThis study analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, environmental factors, and the prevalence of myopia in a sample of 24,345 children aged 5–12 years from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The average daily intake of dietary nutrients associated with the refractive error status of the participants was analyzed using analysis of variance (GLM) and the Scheffe method for post-hoc comparison. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted between the participant’s refractive error status and daily dietary nutrient intake, while taking into consideration the age, sex, BMI, parental myopia, and near-work hours.ResultsThe risk of myopia increased with age, especially notable between ages 11 and 12, and was higher in children with both parents having myopia. Dietary factors played a crucial role; children with myopia had significantly lower intake of fat, omega-3 fatty acids, and retinol but higher intake of other nutrients compared to emmetropic and hyperopic counterparts. High consumption of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, and sodium was associated with increased myopia risk. High sodium intake was particularly associated with a 2.05-fold increased myopia risk.ConclusionsThis study highlights the significant role of diet and lifestyle choices in the development of myopia in children. Our findings suggest the importance of considering these specific factors in the management and prevention strategies for myopia, underscoring the need for targeted interventions in children's health and vision care.

Assessing Dietary Consumption of Sodium and Potassium in China through Wastewater Analysis

Assessing Dietary Consumption of Sodium and Potassium in China through Wastewater Analysis

Nutrient patterns and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-control study

BackgroundsAlthough the significance of diet in preventing or managing diabetes complications is highlighted in current literature, there is insufficient evidence regarding the correlation between nutrient patterns and these complications. The objective of this case-control study is to investigate this relationship by analyzing the dietary intake of nutrients in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsA case-control study was conducted at the Tabriz Center of Metabolism and Endocrinology to investigate the relationship between nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study enrolled 225 newly diagnosed cases of T2D and 225 controls. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation was used to obtain nutrient patterns. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of T2D.ResultsThe participants’ mean (SD) age and BMI were 39.8 (8.8) years and 27.8 (3.6) kg/m2, respectively. The results identified three major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was characterized by high consumption of sucrose, animal protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin D, Riboflavin, Vitamin B5, copper, and Magnesium. The third nutrient pattern was characterized by fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Individuals in the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 3 (NP3) had a lower risk of T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio was 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.30–0.89 and a P_trend of 0.039.ConclusionThis study found that conforming to a nutrient pattern consisting of plant protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B2, potassium, and calcium is linked to a lower likelihood of developing T2D.The initial results suggest that following a nutrient pattern that includes these nutrients may reduce the risk of T2D. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and T2D.