Magnesium Consumption Research Articles

Effect of Magnesium Intake on Hypertension in Chinese Elderly Population

Existing studies have found that the prevalence of hypertension in people aged 70 and above is as high as 70%. At present, the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in China is rising sharply, and these are closely related to magnesium deficiency. This is a review article to demonstrate the association between magnesium deficiency and hypertension by reviewing the literature in recent years. According to the Dietary Recommendations for the Elderly in China, the recommended daily consumption of magnesium for adults would be 330 milligrams (mg), while 74.8% of the population did not meet the recommended intake. Due to the traditional dietary patterns of older Chinese people, who do not have a high uptake of foods such as nuts and seeds, which increases the risk of magnesium deficiency. At the same time, incomplete absorption of magnesium can lead to magnesium deficiency as the absorption rate of gastrointestinal function decreases with age. Studies have found that changing dietary patterns and consuming magnesium supplements are effective in increasing magnesium intake and thus reducing the prevalence of hypertension.

Correlations Between Dietary Magnesium Consumption and Magnesium Depletion Score in Relation to Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study.

The purpose of the study was to examine whether magnesium (Mg) depletion score (MDS) and dietary Mg intake are associated in adults with the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 20,010 adults aged over 40 years old. To evaluate the linear association between PD and dietary intake of Mg or MDS, we conducted weighted logistic regression for univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression models. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was drawn to visualize the nonlinear relationship between MDS/dietary Mg intake and PD. In addition, we examined the variations in the relationship between MDS and PD across different confounding factors of the association using subgroup analysis. There were 240 PD cases (1.2%), and 19770 non-PD were included in the study. We found that a higher MDS was associated with an increased risk of PD after adjusting for covariates (OR per 1-unit increase, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16-1.86). There is insufficient evidence to support a significant statistical association between Mg intake and the risk of PD. According to nonlinear regression, high MDS was associated with higher odds of PD and lower odds of PD above 250 mg/day intake of Mg. It has been shown that Mg bioavailability may be negatively associated with PD as measured by MDS. MDS is a potential method for screening the population with PD. Maintaining adequate Mg status may be important for PD prevention.

Magnesium from Deep Seawater as a Potentially Effective Natural Product against Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Trial.

Background and Objectives: Deep seawater has been shown to restore pancreatic function in obese diabetic mice and considerably improve the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance. In this study, the effect of 12-week daily consumption of magnesium (Mg2+)-containing deep seawater mineral extracts on blood glucose concentration and insulin metabolism-associated indicators was investigated in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Materials and methods: In this 12-week randomized, double-blind trial, patients (n = 37) with impaired glucose tolerance consumed deep seawater mineral extracts. Changes in blood glucose concentration and related indicators were compared between the treatment group and placebo group (n = 38). Results: The fasting insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function, and Stumvoll insulin sensitivity index values in the deep seawater mineral extract group showed improvements compared with the placebo group. However, no significant differences between groups were observed in fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or incremental area under the curve values. Conclusions: Oral supplementation with deep seawater mineral extracts enriched in Mg2+ markedly improves insulin sensitivity in patients with pre-diabetes. This study illustrates the potential clinical application of natural Mg2+ from deep seawater to alleviate insulin resistance in patients with pre-diabetes. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered with Clinical Research information Service (CRIS), No. KCT0008695, on 8 August 2023.

MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES URINE MAGNESIUM AND CITRATE IN STONE FORMERS WITH HYPOMAGNESURIA

To compare the effects of magnesium repletion by a foods-alone approach or by magnesium supplementation on urinary magnesium and citrate excretion in patients with urine magnesium <70 mg/day. We reviewed medical records of patients in our stone prevention practice who were advised to start a magnesium supplement (Sup), 250-500 mg/d, or increase dietary magnesium consumption. We included adults with 24h UMg <70 mg, those who received magnesium recommendations (corroborated by the dietitian's clinical notes), and those with a follow-up 24h urine collection ≤18 months. Urine results were assessed by group. Groups [No Sup (n=74) and Sup (n=56)] were not different for age, gender, stone history, malabsorption, or other clinical indices. All patients raised UMg (53 to 69 and 47 to 87 mg/d for No Sup and Sup, respectively); however, the increase was significantly higher in the Sup group. Moreover, while 88% of Sup patients achieved UMg ≥70 mg/d, only 58% in the No Sup group did so. Within-group increases in urine citrate were significant only in the Sup group. Among patients with low UMg, both higher consumption from foods and magnesium supplementation significantly increased UMg. However, those who supplemented were significantly more likely to reach or exceed UMg 70 mg/d and achieved higher mean UMg. The change in urine citrate was significant only among those in the Sup group.

РОЗРОБКА РОЗРАХУНКОВИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПИТОМИХ ВИТРАТ МАГНІЮ ТА ВМІСТУ СІРКИ В ЧАВУНІ ПРИ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ ІНЖЕКЦІЙНОЇ ДЕСУЛЬФУРАЦІЇ ЧАВУНУ

Built and put into operation experimental industrial and industrial installations and cast iron desulfurization departments ensured a reduction of sulfur content in cast iron to 0.005-0.010% in industrial conditions. The purpose of the work is to reliably predict the calculation of the necessary consumption of magnesium from various conditions - the initial sulfur content, the mass of cast iron and the given final sulfur content to ensure the reduction of desulfurization costs. In addition, it is important to predict the current content of sulfur in cast iron depending on the consumption of magnesium in order to increase the reliability of the achieved content of sulfur in molten iron. The developments carried out to assess the regularities of the processes of out-of-furnace desulfurization of cast iron by monoinjection of granular magnesium made it possible to obtain calculation models for the assessment of existing and newly built capacities for desulfurization of cast iron in ladles of different sizes (40-350 t) at different initial sulfur contents in cast iron (0.02-0.07 %) and requirements for the final content of sulfur in cast iron (≤0.002-0.015%). Calculation models are presented.

Effect of a 12-week nutritional intervention in the food intake of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundInadequate food intake contributes to malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LTx). ObjectiveTo evaluate food intake during 12 weeks of nutritional follow-up and assess factors independently associated with the difference between caloric and protein intake in LTx patients. MethodsA secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effects of HMB supplementation in patients on a liver transplant waiting list. Dietary guidelines for patients with cirrhosis were used to prescribe the nutritional plan (35kcal/kg; 1.5g/kg dry weight for protein) and to evaluate the nutritional goals (30kcal/kg; 1.2g/kg dry weight for protein). Food intake was assessed in six moments: Baseline, week 0(W0), week 2(W2), week 4(W4), week 8(W8), and week 12(W12). ResultsForty-seven patients (55.0±10.6y;72.3% male) were evaluated. Only 25.5% (n=12) of patients achieve nutritional goals at the end of the study. The mean energy intake in baseline was 1782±784kcal (27.6±13.2kcal/kg) without difference between times. The protein intake increased between week W0 [63.4±29.8g; 0.8(0.2-2.2g/kg)] and W8 [72.0±28.0g; 1.0(0.4–2.6g/kg); p=0.03; p=0.03, respectively]. The consumption of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and niacin increased (p<0.05), as well as the consumption of the leguminous; roots and tubers; dairy; and meat, poultry, and fish groups through the time (p<0.05). The presence of ascites, patients nourished, frailty index classification, short physical performance battery score, systemic symptoms, and emotional function were independently associated with the caloric intake difference W12-Baseline (p<0.05). Diabetes mellitus, patients with moderately malnourishment, poor performance, fatigue, systemic symptoms, and emotional function were independently associated with the difference in protein intake between W12-Baseline (p<0.05). ConclusionPatients on the liver transplant waiting list showed slight food intake improvement during the follow-up, but few met nutritional guidelines. Various clinical and nutritional factors independently affected energy and protein intake from W12 to baseline.

Assessment of combustion residual leachate: Local treatment needs and critical mineral recovery

Combustion residual leachate from landfills and impoundments at coal-fired power plants represents a large volume of wastewater with variable treatment requirements prior to discharge. Treatment to meet these requirements can be costly, but simultaneously creates an opportunity to co-extract critical minerals. This work first characterizes the treatment needs by developing composite regional standards for 14 contaminants across the United States (U.S). We then assess data on leachate composition and present the total mineral mass and total market size that can be recovered during treatment. Magnesium has the largest total mineral mass and largest market size and can be extracted using commercially available technology. The average simulated value of this magnesium is $38 million from landfill leachate and $660 million from impoundment leachate. This would account for 9 % and 150 %, respectively, of U.S. annual consumption of magnesium.

Dietary Inflammatory Index of Obese Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Descriptive Study.

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed. The results demonstrated a predominantly proinflammatory dietary profile. The participants showed a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Additionally, a low consumption of fiber, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was observed, although there was an adequate distribution of macronutrients. In conclusion, although the inflammatory profile did not correlate with OSA, the study showed a directly proportional relationship between adequate dietary patterns and better sleep quality.

Assessment of dietary magnesium intake in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Magnesium is an essential element and the most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. This cross-sectional study assessed the average dietary magnesium intake among residents of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a self-reported validated electronic questionnaire between April 2022 and July 2023. The first part of the survey included demographic data, and the second section comprised 33 items, including a semi-quantitative tool specifically designed to evaluate magnesium intake over the last three months. We included 1065 participants, out of whom 61.1% were women. The predominant age group was 19 - 26 years (56.9%), and most participants (83.3%) reported no comorbidities. The majority (48.5%) had normal weight, 246 (23%) were overweight, and 193 (18.1%) were obese. Most participants had low dietary magnesium intake, ranging from one to five times monthly. There was a positive correlation between age and dietary magnesium consumption. The study highlights a concerning trend of low magnesium intake, representing a risk for various chronic diseases. This trend could be linked to increased consumption of typical diets low in magnesium, such as those high in refined sugars, flour, and processed foods, prevalent among the younger Saudi population.

Association between dietary calcium, potassium, and magnesium consumption and glaucoma.

Calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) may be involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma by influencing the retinal oxidative stress and regulate blood pressure. However, epidemiological opinions on dietary intake of macroelement related to glaucoma are inconsistent. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between dietary Ca, K, and Mg consumption and glaucoma. Data of 7,042 adults aged ≥40 years old who received the glaucoma examinations were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2008 in this cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the association between dietary Ca, K, and Mg intake and glaucoma with the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also investigated this relationship in individuals of different age, with/without hypertension and visual field defect (VFD). There were 502 (8.11%) participants had glaucoma. After adjusted for covariables, we found that enough dietary Ca consumption was related to a decreased risk of glaucoma [OR = 0.59, 95%CI: (0.42-0.81)], whether in persons with/without hypertension (all P<0.05). In particular, dietary K intake may be a potential protect factor for glaucoma in non-hypertension populations [OR = 0.47, 95%CI: (0.22-0.99), P = 0.049]. Additionally, hypertension/non-hypertension persons who aged <65 years old or with/without VFD should all pay attention to the enough dietary supplement of Ca, K, and Mg according to their own circumstances. Enough dietary Ca, K, and Mg consumption may be potential protect factors of glaucoma that could provide some dietary reference for developing targeted glaucoma prevention and control measures.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of urolithiasis in India, a systematic review

Introduction and Aim: In India approximately two million persons are affected by urolithiasis per year and some areas of India have been named as a stone belt. This article reviews information regarding associated risk factors of urolithiasis from Indian perspectives. Methods: The studies were retrieved from eight electronic databases. All the cases of an adult above the age of 18 with urolithiasis were included in this review. The studies conducted in different states of India on human subjects and published between 2010 -2017, which are available in electronic media were included. The quality of studies was assessed by the help of Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. A narrative approach was adopted to analyze the data. Results: The risk factors identified were, less frequency of urination /day, consumption of red meat once a month or more, higher consumption of calcium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus, high intake of coffee, tea, and sugar, working in high temperatures, lack of physical activity, obesity, and ground water consumption. Habits like smoking and alcohol consumption. Some of the disease conditions like urinary tract infection, renal cyst, horseshoe kidney, atrophic kidney, benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: The urolithiasis among adults is a public health problem and calls for appropriate action against this.

Association between magnesium intake and the risk of anemia among adults in the United States.

Magnesium deficiency is related to an increased risk of anemia, but epidemiological evidence supporting this association remains scarce. The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of anemia. In total, 13,423 participants aged 20-80 years were enrolled using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016. Magnesium consumption was evaluated using 24 h dietary recalls. Multivariable generalized linear models were developed to demonstrate the association between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of anemia. An inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of anemia was detected based on a full adjustment model. We evaluated magnesium intake as a categorical variable (five quartiles). Compared with the lowest value, the highest multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for anemia was 0.64 (0.46-0.89). Stratified analyses revealed a reverse relationship between magnesium intake and anemia in women. However, no significant association was observed in men (p for trend = 0.376). A similar reverse association was found among the older group (aged ≥60 years). Magnesium deficiency is closely related to a higher rate of anemia occurrence, especially among women and older Americans. Further larger-scale prospective studies are required to confirm these conclusions.

Розробка номограм та розрахункових моделей питомих витрат магнію та вмісту сірки в чавуні при різних умовах інжекційної десульфурації чавуну

Built and put into operation experimental industrial and industrial installations and cast iron desulfurization departments ensured a reduction of sulfur content in cast iron to 0.005-0.010% in industrial conditions. The purpose of the work is to reliably predict the calculation of the necessary consumption of magnesium from various conditions - the initial sulfur content, the mass of cast iron and the given final sulfur content to ensure the reduction of desulfurization costs. In addition, it is important to predict the current content of sulfur in cast iron depending on the consumption of magnesium in order to increase the reliability of the achieved content of sulfur in molten iron. The developments carried out to assess the regularities of the processes of out-of-furnace desulfurization of cast iron by monoinjection of granular magnesium made it possible to obtain calculation models for the assessment of existing and newly built capacities for desulfurization of cast iron in ladles of different sizes (40-350 t) at different initial sulfur contents in cast iron (0.02-0.07 %) and requirements for the final content of sulfur in cast iron (≤0.002-0.015%). Calculation models are presented.

Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial

There is evidence that increasing the consumption of water containing magnesium can improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This trial was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the effect of adding different concentrations of magnesium chloride to the desalinated drinking water on the glycemic, metabolic, and insulin resistance parameters among patients with T2DM. A randomized cross-sectional controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding magnesium chloride supplement to desalinated drinking water consumed by patients with T2DM on the glycemic and metabolic parameters and indicators of insulin sensitivity. The total number of patients with T2DM who successfully completed the trial is 102. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: the first group received bottled water without added magnesium (0 mg/L) (Group A, n = 37); the second group received bottled water with a low level of magnesium (20 mg/L) (Group B, n = 33); and the third group received drinking water with a high level of magnesium (50 mg/L) (Group C, n = 32). The daily consumption of elemental magnesium for a period of 3 months resulted in significant improvement in HbA1C (8.0 vs 8.2%, p = 0.04), insulin level (7.5 vs 9.9 μIU/mL, p = 0.03), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA.IR) (2.5 vs 2.9, p = 0.002) in group C. However, there was no significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBS) level or lipid profile. The results of this study suggest that oral magnesium supplementation at the given dose of 50 mg/L daily added to drinking water could improve long-term glycemic control indicators and reduce insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.

Dietary acid load is associated with primary osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and primary osteoporosis. This was a cross-sectional study. Among 850 randomly selected postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years, 232 women consisted of 124 women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and 108 with primary osteoporosis were selected after examining the eligibility criteria. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, and physical activity were collected through questionnaires. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. DAL was assessed by a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire during the last year. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and adjusted binary logistic regression were used for data analysis through SPSS/24. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index (BMI), number of deliveries, and years after menopause (p< .05). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were higher in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than those with normal BMD (PRAL: -13.1± 11.1mEq/day vs. -10.8± 12.7mEq/day; NEAP: 29.5± 8.5mEq/day vs. 31.2± 9.2mEq/day). The mean consumption of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in the other group (p< .05). There were significant associations between osteoporosis with PRAL (odds ratio (OR)=1.030; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001 to 1.060, p= .027) and NEAP scores (OR=1.041; 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.081, p= .037). The odds of osteoporosis increased by 3% following one unit increase in PRAL score. Similarly, it increased by 4% with increasing NEAP score up to one unit. Therefore, dietary patterns that produce high DAL can have a detrimental effect on bone health.

Desulfurization of High‐Sulfur HIsarna Hot Metal

The cover shows hot metal tapped from the HIsarna Pilot Plant at Tata Steel in IJmuiden, the Netherlands. The graphs show plant data distribution for hot metal desulfurization heats with the 25 % highest and lowest specific magnesium consumption. This was part of the research to predict and control the desulfurization efficiency of high-sulfur HIsarna hot metal. Further details can be found in article 2100398 by Schrama and co-workers.

Magnesium Supplementation Is Associated with a Lower Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Patients Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.

Literature has demonstrated an inverse relation between magnesium (Mg) consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia. After bariatric surgery (BS), micronutrients deficiencies are common, it being important to ensure appropriate supplementation. There is no recommendation about Mg supplementation and to our knowledge, its effect has not been studied to date. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of Mg supplementation in cardio-metabolic risk factors on post-bariatric patients. A retrospective observational study of patients with obesity who underwent BS was performed. Data was assessed preoperatively and yearly (4-year follow-up). A total of 3363 patients were included. In the first year of follow-up, 79.8% (n = 2123) of the patients were supplemented with Mg, with evidence of slightly decreased percentages in the following years. Mg deficiency (serum Mg < 1.52mEq/L) was more common among patients who were not supplemented during each year of follow-up (p < 0.05). Among those who underwent Mg supplementation, the percentage of T2DM, HT, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 130mg/dL was significantly lower. In the first year post-surgery, the supplementation group had a lower risk of T2DM (OR = 0.545, p < 0.0001), LDL-C > 130mg/dL (OR = 0.612, p < 0.0001), and HT (OR = 0.584, p < 0.0001). The OR for having these metabolic comorbidities persisted lower during the 4years' follow-up. Patients who had Mg deficiency had higher prevalence of T2DM and HT. Mg supplementation seems to have a protective effect on the development of T2DM, HT, and LDL-C > 130mg/dL in post-bariatric patients.

Magnesium Intake, C-Reactive Protein, and Muscle Mass in Adolescents.

Background: Adult studies have suggested that magnesium intake may regulate C-reactive protein (CRP) and muscle mass, known risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Given the large deficiencies in magnesium intake in adolescents, we aimed to investigate sex and race differences in dietary magnesium intake and test the hypothesis that lower magnesium intake is associated with higher CRP and lower muscle mass. Methods: A total of 766 black and white adolescents, 14 to 18 years old (51% black; 50% female) were previously recruited. Diet was assessed with four to seven independent 24-h recalls. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were measured using fasting blood samples by ELISA. Results: There were sex and race differences in the daily consumption of magnesium. The average daily magnesium intakes were 200.66 ± 7.09 mg and 205.03 ± 7.05 mg for males and females, respectively, far below the recommended amounts of 410 mg for males and 360 mg for females. White subjects (217.95 ± 6.81 mg/day) consumed more than black subjects (187.75 ± 6.92 mg/day). Almost none of the adolescents met the recommendations. Adjusted multiple linear regressions revealed that lower magnesium intake was associated with higher hs-CRP and lower fat-free mass (FFM) (p-values < 0.05). Higher hs-CRP was associated with lower FFM. Moreover, an interaction between magnesium intake and hs-CRP on FFM was identified (p-value < 0.05). Lower magnesium intake amplified the inverse relationships between hs-CRP and FFM (p-values < 0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium consumption in our adolescents was far below daily recommended levels with male and black subjects consuming less than female and white subjects. Lower magnesium intake was associated with higher CRP and lower muscle mass. Low magnesium intake may also augment the inverse relationship between CRP and FFM.

Magnesium supplementation and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease affecting the immune system and many tissues in the body. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance and fasting blood sugar (FBS) of patients with RA. In this prospective uncontrolled before-after study, RA patients referring to Rheumatology clinics of Qom City from January 2020 to January 2021 were evaluated. First, the patients received the routine rheumatoid arthritis treatment including 5 mg Prednisolone and 200mg Hydroxychloroquine daily for 6 months and FBS and insulin levels were measured after. Then, they received the routine arthritis rheumatoid treatment in addition to 300 mg/day oral Magnesium sulfate for 6 months and then, FBS and insulin levels were measured. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used for determining insulin resistance. Thirty five patients with RA and the mean age of 49.83±2.58 years were enrolled. Twenty eight cases (80%) were female and 7 cases (20%) were male. The mean HOMA-IR before and after consumption of oral magnesium were 3.04±0.29 and 2.43±0.19, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR before and after consumption of oral magnesium (p<0.05). Our data suggested that magnesium supplementation reduces FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, magnesium supplements may be an alternative method for prevention of type 2 diabetes in RA patients.

Pre-diagnostic dietary consumption of calcium and magnesium and calcium-to-magnesium intake ratio and ovarian cancer mortality: results from the ovarian cancer follow-up study (OOPS).

Previous studies have indicated that dietary consumption ofcalcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the Ca-to-Mg (Ca:Mg) ratio were associated with different health outcomes. However, no study has evaluated the association of pre-diagnostic Ca, Mg, and Ca:Mg ratio consumption with ovarian cancer (OC) survival. The aforementioned associations were investigated in a cohort of 853 Chinese women diagnosed with OC between 2015 and 2020. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluatepre-diagnostic diet information. Deaths were recorded until March 31, 2021 via medical recordsand active follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 130 deaths were observed during a median follow-up of 37.2months. After adjustment for potential confounders, pre-diagnostic Ca (HR<600 vs. >1000 = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.47-4.46, p for trend = 0.69) and Mg (HR< 250 vs. >330 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.39-2.08, p for trend = 0.77) intakes were found to be unrelated to OC survival, whereas a higher Ca:Mgintake ratio was significantly associated with worse survival (HR< 1.7 vs. > 2.5 = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.28-5.78, p for trend < 0.05). A significant result was also observed when treating the Ca:Mg ratio as a continuous variable (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12-2.55) for one-unit increment. Pre-diagnostic consumption of Ca and Mg was unrelated to OC survival, while a higher Ca:Mg intakeratio was strongly associated with worse survival among OC patients.