Rationale: Atherosclerosis often leads to acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Diet may be involved in innate immunity-mediated inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objective: To investigate the effects of various dietary patterns on metabolic profiles, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: We began by understanding the dietary pattern using questionnaire for 75 healthy adults who were enrolled in this study. To obtain the metabolic and inflammation profiles, we collected peripheral blood for analysis. The healthiness of vessels was evaluated by carotid intimal-media thickness (CIMT). We found that participants who adhere to vegetarian diet more than ten years showed lower levels of serum total cholesterol compared to omnivores. However, we did not find any beneficial effect of vegetarian diet on other parameters as C-reactive protein, interleukins and CIMT were no difference between two groups. Among “junk foods”, the amount of instant noodles and sugar drink consumption was positively associated with the levels of triglyceride and uric acid. Notably, the increment of sugar drink usage was correlated with higher expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 on peripheral monocytes, but showed no impact on fasting serum glucose. As for the concern of “healthy foods”, participants who took more fresh fruit had significantly better fasting glucose and higher high-density lipoprotein, as well as lower monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 expression. The amount of green vegetable consumption was inversely correlated with low-density lipoprotein and CIMT. In addition to food, water was also important. Participants who drank water more than 2000 ml per day had significant lower CIMT. On the other hand, we did not find any significant effects on coffee consumption. Moreover, for factors that may promote or prevent atherosclerosis, we found that trimethylamine N-oxide and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine was positively correlated with CIMT whereas L-Lysine and L-Carnitine showed inverse association with CIMT. Conclusions: We discovered that consumption of healthy foods and water, but not vegetarian diets per se, is positively correlated with cardiovascular health from the perspective of metabolic panel and inflammation.