Consumption Of Energy Resources Research Articles

Analysis and treatment of the conflict between sustainable development and environmental protection based on the ecotourism concept

With the rapid development of the global economy over the past few decades, tourism has greatly influenced economic internationalization and has become one of the top sectors. Meanwhile, during the development of tourism, serious environmental pollution and excessive energy resource consumption also occur, which is disadvantageous for the health of the global ecological environment as well as sustainable development. Against the background of increasing environmental pollution in the course of tourism development, some researchers began to introduce the ecosystem concept and emphasized the need for the construction of ecosystem models, especially those based on environmental protection, to satisfy the psychological needs of tourists and self-similarity and development of ecological institutions. However, many conflicts exist between sustainable ecosystem development and environmental protection. To realize a healthy and sustainable development of tourism and international ecological culture, this paper discusses the conflict between the concepts of ecosystem, sustainable development, and environmental protection, proposes some methods to improve the comprehensive benefits of ecotourism, and provides some suggestions for the development of ecotourism in China. This will help us achieve the sustainable use of resources and sustainable development of tourism.

SWOT Analysis of Sustainable Energy Resources in Terms of Green Economy in Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı yeşil ekonomi olgusu açısından, Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarının SWOT analizinin gerçekleştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla yeşil ekonomi olgusunun kavramsal ve teorik çerçevesi izah edildikten sonra Türkiye’de yeşil ekonomiye geçiş sürecinde uygulanan politikalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak seçilen SWOT analizi sayesinde Türkiye’nin sürdürülebilir enerji kaynakları açısından güçlü yönleri, zayıf yönleri, fırsatlar ve tehditler belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de potansiyel sürdürülebilir enerji kaynakları olarak hidroelektrik, rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisi kaynaklarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Türkiye’nin söz konusu enerji kaynakları açısından sahip olduğu yüksek potansiyel ve jeopolitik konumu önemli güçlü yönleri iken, ülkenin ekonomik durumu ve sürdürülebilir enerji politikalarının etkinsizliği ön plana çıkan önemli zayıf yönleridir. Küresel ölçekte ortaya çıkan konjonktürün enerjide dışa bağımlılığı daha fazla tartışılır hale getirmesi ve Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin sürdürülebilirlik yönünde farkındalıklarının artış yönünde olması önemli fırsatlardır. Sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarının artırılması noktasında santral kurulumları için bazı girdilerin dışarıdan temin edilme zorunluluğu, ülkede enerji ihtiyacının giderek artmasının getirdiği ilave talep ve hane halkının düşük gelire sahip olmasının getirdiği olumsuzluklar ise ön plana çıkan önemli tehditlerdir.

Emissions of CO2 in Europe and the Asia–pacific region: Panel data model

The rapid growth of CO2 emissions determines the problem of global warming, which has now become a severe threat to humanity. This work aimed to identify significant factors and assess their impact on CO2 emissions in Europe and the Asia–Pacific region using a panel data model. The authors have established the following factors’ influence on CO2 emissions in European countries - GDP, consumption of fossil energy resources, population, urbanization, and in the Asia–Pacific countries - GDP, population, and “green factors”. A positive coefficient before the GDP factor confirms the impact of economic growth on the amount of CO2 emissions. The authors also revealed that the “green factor” is not significant for European countries, since the development of alternative energy in Europe has reached the limit when the influence of the “green factor” significantly reduces emissions. However, for the Asia–Pacific region, as the largest region in terms of emissions, the “green factor” and the share of gas consumption had a negative impact on the dependent variable. Technological and institutional development of countries will be the main factor in determining competitiveness in international trade.

Developing an Extended Virtual Blade Model for Efficient Numerical Modeling of Wind and Tidal Farms

Harnessing renewable and clean energy resources from winds and tides are promising technologies to alter the high level of consumption of traditional energy resources because of their great global potential. In this regard, developing farms with multiple energy converters is of great interest due to the skyrocketing demand for sustainable energy resources. However, the numerical simulation of these farms during the planning phase might pose challenges, the most significant of which is the computational cost. One of the most well-known approaches to resolve this concern is to use the virtual blade model (VBM). VBM is the implementation of the blade element model (BEM). This was done by coupling the blade element momentum theory equations to simulate rotor operation with the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation to simulate rotor wake and the turbulent flow field around it. The exclusion of the actual geometry of blades enables a lower computational cost. Additionally, due to simplifications in the meshing procedure, VBM is easier to set up than the models that consider the actual geometry of blades. One of the main unaddressed limitations of the VBM code is the constraint of modeling up to 10 renewable energy converters within one computational domain. This paper provides a detailed and well-documented general methodology to develop a virtual blade model for the simulation of 10-plus converters within one computational domain to remove the limitation of this widely used and robust code. The extended code is validated for both the single- and multi-converter scenarios. It is strongly believed that the technical contribution of this paper, combined with the current advancement of available computational resources and hardware, can open the gates to simulate farms with any desired number of wind or tidal energy converters, and, accordingly, secure the sustainability and feasibility of clean energies.

Design of a new eco-hybrid cement for concrete pavement, made with processed mixed recycled aggregates and olive biomass bottom ash as supplementary cement materials

The development of new cements made from waste and by-products as substitutes for traditional raw materials is a necessary approach to mitigate the harmful impacts of the construction industry. These impacts are mainly CO2 emissions and the consumption of energy and natural resources during construction. In this study, new eco-hybrid cements were formulated with Mixed Recycled Aggregates (MRA) from Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) and Olive Biomass Bottom Ash (BBA), processed to a powder fraction. Both MRA and BBA were applied in several mortar mixtures replacing cement. The feasibility of using these recycled materials in a combined way, as supplementary cement material and in substitution of aggregates, can be demonstrated. The study of physical, chemical, mechanical and more types of properties were carried out on the cements, showing the possibility of incorporating both processed waste in relevant percentages. This paper try to match the properties of conventional Portland cements, getting similar properties to CEM II A/L, which is the one commonly used for concrete pavements. An adequate processing applied to both recycled materials and the optimised dosages in which substitution rates were added, resulted in favourable properties. These results have allowed the development of an eco-hybrid cement for the manufacture of both mortar and concrete.

Interrelationship between international trade and environmental performance: Theoretical approaches and indicators for sustainable development

AbstractIn recent years, a great deal of research has analyzed the impact of trade openness on the environment, with the aim of determining whether internationalization contributes to the improvement of environmental performance (EP) or, on the contrary, hinders the achievement of sustainable development. The objective of the present work is to conduct a systematic literature review on the interrelationship between international trade and EP at the micro‐ and macroeconomic levels, analyzing the existent theoretical approaches and the EP indicators utilized in practice. The most prominent theories found are firm heterogeneity, at a microeconomic level, and the pollution haven/halo hypotheses, at a macroeconomic level. Also, the EP indicators have been classified according to five dimensions: energy consumption, resource consumption, emissions, risk potential, and toxic potential, of which pollutant gas emissions and energy consumption are the most used. The results obtained show evidence of the interrelationship mentioned from the perspective of the different theories. In addition, this analysis helps to identify several gaps in this line of study.

Bioenergetic efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grapes

In modern conditions of water scarcity, the research of the energy evaluation of different modes of drip irrigation to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources, their effective use on irrigated grape plantations cultivated on the sandy chernozems of the left bank of the Lower Dnieper, where only irrigation is the guarantee of annual, constant high yield of vineyards. The purpose of the research was to study the energy efficiency of grape drip irrigation regimes, determine the volume and structure of resource costs, and the level of their payback. Field and comparative-calculation methods were used during the research. The establishment and conduct of experiments were carried out according to the methodology of the research case. The paper presents the results of research on the energy efficiency of drip irrigation modes of grape plantations. It is established that maintaining an unhindered moisture supply to plants during the growing season is achieved by an additional cost of 9.29 GJ/ha of anthropogenic energy. A more economical regime of humidity of the active soil layer during the growing season reduces energy costs to 5.2-7.7 GJ/ha. The structure of additional energy costs, regardless of the irrigation regime of plantings, is dominated by the energy of irrigation water - 80% and energy carriers - 18 %. The practical significance of the research is to conduct an energy assessment of different modes of drip irrigation of grapes to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, material and energy resources and their efficient use

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) - augmented investments in innovation and firms' value: a fixed-effects panel regression of Asian economies

PurposeHistorically, investments in innovation are perceived as one of the paramount decisions businesses opt to thrive and the impact of such investments on businesses' market performance is well documented in the literature. However, the environmental aspects of making such investments are yet to be addressed by the firms, which in turn, present considerable damage to the environment. Coupling with the natural resource-based view (NRBV) and the stakeholder theory of the firm, this research builds on an earlier work of Khalil and Nimmanunta (2021) in an attempt to examine the link between innovation and firms' environmental and financial value. The authors extend their analysis and document a more consistent approach to measuring environmental innovation which allows the authors to investigate the firms from three additional economies with respect to firms' investments in both traditional and environmental innovations.Design/methodology/approachThe underlying models are tested using the time fixed-effects panel regression by utilizing information from publicly traded companies of ten Asian economies, including Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia. The reported sample covers annual firm-level ESG data obtained from Thomson Reuters' Datastream and Refinitiv Eikon during the 2015–2019 period.FindingsThis research offers support to the conventional wisdom that innovation is advantageous to the firms' market value. The authors further decompose innovation into traditional innovation and environmental innovation. The findings of this research suggest that traditional innovation is favorable only for the firms' market valuation and traditional innovation is strongly ineffectual for the environment – traditional innovation produces sizeable environmental distress by contributing substantially to carbon emissions. In contrast, the resultant effects of investments in environmental innovation are evident to be instrumental for both firms' financial performance and the environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has primarily focused on only two components of a company's environmental performance: reduction in carbon emissions (CO2) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Given the complexity of firms' environmental strategies and the multidimensionality of the variable, which encompasses a wide range of corporate behavior in terms of relationships with communities, suppliers, consumers, and broader environmental responsibilities broadening the scope of the study by including other important aspects of environmental sustainability is, therefore, critical.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research signify environmental innovation as one of the vital investment approaches as firms can exploit benefits related to the market from firms' sustainable practices, developing eco-friendly processes by introducing steady yet systematic chains of green products and services. Such products and services may have a feature of enhanced functionality with a better layout in terms of improved product life with better recycling options, and lower consumption and exploitation of energy and natural resources. These sustainable practices would be advantageous for the firms regarding the possibility of setting prices above the standard level through establishing green brands and gaining market share of environmentally anxious consumers. For those companies that are striving to take the leading role in the green industry and longing to seek superior returns on the companies' environmental investments, these benefits, in particular, are exceptionally critical to them.Originality/valueThe linkage between firms' financial and environmental performance in the context of simultaneous inclusion of both green and traditional innovations remains unclear and is yet to be investigated by researchers. Thus, this research shed light on the role of environmental innovation and traditional innovation on firms' environmental performance and financial performance. The authors utilize a novel dataset with a clear indication of measuring different elements of innovation that allows us to develop a more robust approach to corporates' environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance metrics having the slightest biases related to transparency and firm size.

A Study of Transmission Overhead of a Hybrid Bundle Retransmission Approach for Deep-Space Communications

Bundle protocol (BP) was proposed as the core protocol of delay/disruption-tolerant networking for space. A hybrid reliable transmission mechanism based on integrating “proactive” retransmission and “reactive” retransmission of BP bundles has been presented as a means of achieving highly reliable file/data delivery in deep-space communications. Transmission overhead imposed by reliable delivery of data packets/bundles is consistently one of the key factors for efficient data delivery in space communications. It is especially important in deep-space networks, where the available electrical power on spacecraft for data delivery is a scarce resource but substantial energy is needed to propagate data over an extremely long deep-space channel. In this article, a detailed study of the transmission overhead for the hybrid retransmission approach of BP for reliable deep-space communications is presented. An analytical framework is presented for modeling the transmission overhead of BP as influenced by variations in channel quality, file size, bundle size, and retransmission timeout interval length. Its energy resource consumption is also briefly discussed. The analytical framework is validated by realistic file transfer experiments using a PC-based testbed infrastructure; the framework is found to be able to predict the performance with respect to the transmission overhead of BP.

Model of operational planning of freight transportation by tram as part of a green logistics system

The introduction of environmentally friendly technologies is becoming increasingly necessary to combat global warm-ing and air pollution in cities. The concept of eco-logistics is seen as an effective approach to the management of materials and related flows in order to reduce environmental and economic damage to the environment. The sustaina-ble development of green supply chains is based on the use of environmentally friendly types of vehicles, reduction of energy and other resources consumption, optimization of transport and technological processes in delivery systems. As part of the development of green supply chain, it is proposed to transport goods by freight trams, which eliminates the need for heavy trucks in the city, improves traffic conditions and reduces the environmental impact of transport. The research was conducted for the city of Poznan. The distribution system of the city of Poznan operates in conditions of stochastic demand for deliveries from clients and the risk of lack of sufficient supplies in distribution centers. To take into account the specificity of the distribution system of cargo delivery in conditions of uncertainty and risk, a simula-tion model of the organization of the material flows within the transport system of the city of Poznan has been pro-posed. The result of simulation is the optimal assignment of clients to the distribution centers, as well as the value of total mileage with the load, which is a random variable. It is assumed that the random variable is distributed according to the normal distribution law. The results were calculated and compared for two variants, i.e. for constant demand and sufficient quantity of cargo in distribution centers, and for variable demand and uncertainty conditions, e.g. insuffi-cient cargo quantity in distribution centers. The purpose of the paper is to develop a simulation model for planning supplies of small consignments of goods by trams implementing green logistics concept with variable demand for transportation. After a short introduction of the problem, the literature review related to the concept of green logistics and requirements of transport and distribution system are presented in section 2. In section 3, the research problem and research methodology are described. Section 4 provides the results of assignment of clients to distribution centers. The paper ends with concluding remarks.

Sistem Pintar Penyiram Tanaman Menggunakan Teknologi IoT dan Fuzzy Inference System dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Green Campus di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

In recent years, there has been a change in climate which has had quite a negative impact on various sectors of life. The existence of extreme climate change has become a widely discussed issue, including at the university level. The academic community as agents of change should be an example of sustainable development in the campus environment. One of the efforts to realize the concept of sustainable development is to apply the Green Campus concept. Several indicators in realizing a green campus are campus management policies that are oriented towards environmental management, including activities to save water, paper, and electricity, procurement of Green Open Space (RTH), and waste management by applying the 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle). UIN Jakarta currently focuses on the green environment, which focuses on activities related to the conservation and maintenance of environmental quality in all energy and natural resource consumption activities. However, the frequent changes in weather, shifts in the seasons, and the size of the land that must be maintained have made watering plants unable to rely on human labor alone. Moreover, the pandemic conditions in Indonesia have caused almost all employees to work from home, so plant maintenance will be hampered for plant watering activities. In this regard, this research proposes the creation of an automated plant watering system using a Fuzzy Inference System. The experiment was carried out using input from three scenarios including soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, and rain sensors on the output valve. From the experiments carried out, the expected valve output is in accordance with that produced by the raspberry pi. Such as when the ground is dry, the weather is not raining, and the temperature is moderate, the valve remains on according to the fuzzy rules that have been made. The results of the study noted that this tool was in accordance with what was needed and could operate properly

The Impact of Covid-19 on Pricing in the Global Oil Market

This article is devoted to analysing current factors affecting prices in the global oil market for the period from December 2019 to July 2022. The study focuses on the processes taking place in the economy of the United States and the eurozone countries, which led to an increase in inflation in response to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19 and their impact on current oil prices. It analyses the traditional and non-traditional measures of the US and Eurozone monetary policies designed to stimulate business activity and bring their economies out of recession. It is observed that the actions of financial regulators contributed to the growth of inflation rates, especially in the energy sector. The paper emphasizes the growing crisis in the United States and the eurozone countries, which in the future may lead to a decrease in the consumption of energy resources, including crude oil and petroleum products, which will negatively affect the stability of the global oil market. The influence of factors of the growth of US dollar inflation and measures aimed at regulating the physical volume of oil production in the framework of OPEC+ deals, which affect pricing in the world oil market, is compared using the correlation analysis. As a result of the study, it is concluded that during the analysed period there is a shift of factors affecting pricing in the world oil market from monetary to supply-demand factors in the commodity market. The current inflationary pressure of the US dollar and the euro, combined with a reduction in oil supplies to the world market due to the restrictions imposed, makes it difficult to predict oil prices and leads to an increase in the volatility of oil quotes.

Сравнение энергетической эффективности перевозок на железных дорогах мира

Purpose: To conduct analytical comparison of energy efficiency (specific volumetric capacity) of transportation by rail, to analyze passenger and freight turnover dynamics by years, to calculate relative error in the consumption of fuel and energy resources by rail transport, also to study the statistics of fuel and energy resources consumption for to carry out this work by the countries: Russian Federation and United States of America. To conduct analytical study of discrepancy and statistical error between the data of the world and Rosstat national statistics. To show the relation between energy efficiency of rail transportations and CO2 emission level. To study the trend of changes in annual specific volumetric capacity and to suggest possible reasons for dynamics presence. Methods: Analytical work with statistical data from international and domestic digests in annual dynamics by picked countries; comparison and conclusions based on considered data. Results: Comparative analysis of change dynamics for passenger and freight turnover annually was carried out, statistical deviation dynamics for fuel and energy resources consumption data was calculated, fuel main types consumption by rail transport was considered, energy consumption efficiency by this type of transport was calculated and energy volumetric capacity for rail transport of leading countries of the world was analyzed. Practical significance: Environmental pollution problem plays a significant role in the world at the moment. Railway transport, which plays an important economic role in every country, is a major energy consumer. Equally to other energy consumers, on rail transport, it’s constantly held the analysis of fuel usage efficiency and of CO2 emission volumes. Comparative analysis of changes in specific energy volumetric capacity annually with hypothetical conclusions on reasons, leading to given dynamics, will make it possible to predict and provide for a timely response on the basis of first prerequisites of economic and general political changes. Analysis of energy efficiency of a railway transport will demonstrate the state of Russian railways in a dynamic comparison with Western countries and will allow to analyze positive experience of the industry development in other countries with the possibility of application in our country.

Статистический анализ поездопотока на участке Палласовка — Верхний Баскунчак с целью выявления ветровых нагрузок

Purpose: The given article is devoted to energy consumption problematics. The article relevance is especially high for our country steppe regions where high speed winds prevail most of the year that have a significant impact on fuel and energy resource (FER) consumption increase in train traction. This question is open and no analysis methods have been developed. Also, in locomotive depots, there is no clear energy expenditure normalization for train traction under exposure to additional drag to movement. Wind burden impacting train cars is one of the essential factors affecting energy consumption in a traction. Methods: The article shows high significance of this problem for Russian Railways (“Russian Railways” JSC). The article analyzes main factors, affecting fuel and power consumption, and major methods of normalization for FER. For the consideration, Pallasovka — Verkhniy Baskunchak section of Privolzhskaya railway in the traction with 2TE25KM series diesel locomotive was chosen. Histograms of specific fuel consumption for trains with fixed minimal and maximal axle loads were built and analyzed on the basis of samples from the given foot-plateman routes. Results: Conclusions on the effect of wind loads on specific fuel consumption were made basing on the numerical characteristics of the obtained samples. Contributions of wind loads to a significant increase in a specific fuel consumption have been proved in the article. Moreover, wind burden impact is higher for empty trains. Practical significance: The need to clarify fuel consumption norm is shown. The norm adjustment will allow to improve definition and record accuracy for energy resource expenditures at their normalizing in locomotive depots. The proposed adjustments can be recommended for a practical use on the considered section.

Energy and Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from OECD Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to the original order of the global economy and has had an influence on the social and economic growth of countries all over the globe. As a result, the aim of this paper is to explore the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of OECD countries with regard to energy and the economy. For empirical investigation, data from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2022 are used, and the system generalized method of moments is applied. The findings reveal that during the COVID-19 pandemic, energy consumption impeded economic growth while economic expansion was the primary driver of energy resource consumption. Furthermore, an examination of heterogeneous effects reveals that economic growth and energy consumption are heterogeneous both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. To conclude, these findings might provide a contribution to the body of research that has already been undertaken on this subject.

Does Renewable Energy Consumption Mitigate Carbon Emissions for India?

Developing economies have an urge for development and energy is the lifeline of development. However, the consumption of non-renewable energy resources is emerging as a major concern towards environmental degradation. India is sailing in the same boat wherein the policy makers are trying to strike a balance between development and environment. Attainment of sustainable development that supports environment is vital, therefore, the Government of India is extensively promoting use of renewable energy resources. The present study is an attempt to empirically evaluate the impact of renewable energy consumption (REC) on India’s carbon emission over the period of 1990–2020 by employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. To underline it, two model frameworks have been formed; one with environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and another without EKC specification. The result for REC variable was found to be negative but insignificant with EKC framework, and negative and significant without EKC specifications indicating reduction in carbon emissions with the use of renewable energy resources. The results indicate that more extensive use of renewable energy resources might work towards making the REC coefficient more significant towards India’s environment.

Comparison between organic and conventional farming systems using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A case study with an ancient wheat variety

Assessing the environmental impact of agriculture is a key factor towards reducing human impacts on the food production chain. Because of the growing consumer interest in healthy foods cultivated with low-impact approach, a study assessing the impacts of ancient wheat variety in organic and conventional farming appears to be of great importance. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing and comparing the environmental impacts and resources consumptions of organic and conventional farming practices on an ancient soft wheat variety (var. Verna) in Tuscany, Italy. The fact that Verna wheat falls within the PDO bread specification, one of the few at the European level, increases the importance of this work. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) from raw material extraction, through to industrial processing, field utilization, grain harvesting and finally transportation to storage centres was carried out. This study analysed data sampled over a five-year period (2014/2015 to 2018/2019) derived from five organic and conventional farms, respectively. The impact categories considered included: global warming, freshwater ecotoxicity, seawater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human toxicity, acidification, eutrophication, photo-oxidant formation, non-renewable energy resource consumption, renewable energy resource consumption, water consumption and land use. In almost all the impact categories, organic farming was shown to have lower environmental impacts, while conventional farming had a lower impact on land use. Results relating to acidification, photo-oxidant formation, ozone layer depletion and non-renewable energy resource consumption were considered similar for the two cultivation systems. Normalization of the results showed that seawater ecotoxicity had the greatest impact among all impact categories (> 99%) for both cultivation systems. Moreover, major environmental problems in conventional farming and organic farming were the use of synthetic N fertilizers and low yields, respectively. Results showed that 192 ×106 hectares of organic farming would be needed to maintain current wheat production in the EU, compared to just 99 ×106 hectares cultivated with the conventional farming. Accordingly, yield increase in organic farming, and reduction of nutrient losses/emissions from conventional farming, are the two most promising strategies towards maintaining a high agricultural production with concomitant reductions in the related environmental impact.

Analysis of the Impact of Energy Factor Allocation Efficiency on Green Total Point Productivity from a Low-Carbon Perspective

The high consumption of energy resources but low utilization, low factor allocation, and unreasonable economic structure affect the sustainability of economic development. Based on the energy factor theory from a low-carbon perspective, this paper constructs an impact model of green total point productivity and conducts a detailed analysis of the resource mismatch in the energy industry. Under the premise of efficient resource allocation, the factor input of an enterprise is positively correlated with total point productivity. Second, the model adds environmental constraints, considers the undesired output of carbon dioxide, and considers the input of energy factors, and reduces the undesired output as much as possible while increasing the expected output. The model realizes the update estimation of each component of the stationary part of a class of nonstationary stochastic processes and can use the information at a certain time and its previous time in a cycle to forecast all subsequent times. In the simulation process, in order to make the results more objective and accurate, this paper calculates the index and its decomposition results under two conditions, and uses MaxDEA 6.0 professional software to measure the regional industry total point productivity index. The experimental results show that the effective factor of low-carbon data is 0.91, and the relative error is less than 3.11%, which meets the test threshold and effectively improves the robustness of the model.

Do green innovation and financial globalization contribute to the ecological sustainability and energy transition in the United Kingdom? Policy insights from a bootstrap rolling window approach

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability and energy transition, especially the renewable energy transition, have become critical concerns of nations throughout the world in recent decades. The sustainable and eco‐friendly technologies have led to more sustainable methodologies, substantial stewardship of our natural resources, and the conversion to renewable energy sources, all of which have been demonstrated to benefit the environment significantly. However, prior studies have overlooked the ecological sustainability and energy transition effects of green technology innovation. Therefore, this study endeavored to investigate the role of green innovation (lnGRN) and financial globalization (lnFIG) on the sustainability of the environment (lnEFT) and energy transition (lnENT) in the United Kingdom using quarterly data for the period from 1995 to 2020. The study applied the time‐varying (bootstrapping) rolling window technique, which can retrieve casual associations among variables at different periods of sub‐samples. Besides this, the method is advantageous for addressing the non‐consistency of parameters and eliminating the pre‐test distortion. The novel Bootstrap Rolling‐Window full‐sample causality technique results demonstrate that lnGRN and lnFIG have unidirectional causality toward lnEFT and lnENT. Furthermore, the bootstrap rolling‐window subsamples in the final stage indicate that lnGRN and lnFIG mitigate lnEFT, whereas lnGRN and lnGDP enhance energy transition. On the other hand, lnGDP and lnETX contribute to environmental deterioration, while lnFIG hinders the energy transition. Several important policy implications are derived from the results to encourage financial globalization, green innovation technologies, renewable energy resources consumption, and environmental taxes.

Immobilization of lead (Pb) using ladle furnace slag and carbon dioxide

Global sustainable development faces challenges in greenhouse gas emissions, consumption of energy and non-renewable resources, environmental pollution, and waste landfilling. Current technologies for immobilization of heavy metals face similar challenges; for example, the use of cement, magnesia, lime, and other binders for immobilization of heavy metals is associated with carbon dioxide emission and consumption of limestone/magnesite and energy. In these contexts, this study introduced a novel and sustainable method for immobilization of lead (Pb) by using an industrial solid waste (ladle furnace slag, LFS) and a greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide). In this laboratory investigation, LFS was first mixed with the lead nitrate and then treated by conventional curing (without carbon dioxide) and carbonation curing (with carbon dioxide) for different periods. The treated LFS were then analyzed by various chemical analyses and microanalysis. The results showed that LFS with conventional curing is not effective in immobilization of lead, while LFS with carbonation curing can effectively immobilize lead. The leaching concentrations of Pb from carbonated LFS were four orders of magnitude lower than those with conventional curing. LFS can achieve carbon dioxide uptake of up to 8% of LFS mass. During the carbonation process, carbonates were produced and wrapped LFS particles to prevent the release of lead, lead nitrate was also carbonated into lead carbonate, and the pH of LFS was reduced to 9.36–9.58, close to the minimum solubility of lead carbonate; these are the main reasons for lead immobilization. In summary, the use of LFS with carbon dioxide for immobilization of lead can not only sequester carbon dioxide, but also reduce the cost of binders, non-renewable resource consumption, energy use, and LFS landfilling.