Consumption Index Research Articles

Effect of Substitution of Fish Meal by Cricket Meal (Acheta domesticus) on the Growth of Fry of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Aims: This study evaluates cricket meal (Acheta domesticus) as an alternative to fishmeal in feeding tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) to valorize of alternative protein sources in aquaculture feeding in Benin. Study Design: A randomized block experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Agro-fish farm "ASSIKY", Department of Ouémé, commune of Akpro-Missérété, district of Vakon, village Ahohouèssa, between June 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A control diet (R0) based on fishmeal and a diet (R100) containing 100% cricket meal. Four fine mesh happa (2 m x 1 m) were installed in a 500 m² pond. Each tank was stocked with 20 tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 10.41 +/- 0.5 g. The test was repeated thrice, and the two treatments were randomly assigned to the tanks. The fry were fed twice daily at 10 A.M. and 5 P.M., with a feeding rate of 6% of the total biomass. Parameters measured included survival rate, average daily gain, Consumption Index, and specific growth rate. Results: The results showed that fry-fed R100 achieved significantly better performance (P < 0.05) than those fed R0. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of fry varied from 0.09 +/- 0.01 g/d to 0.17 +/- 0.03 g/d. The specific growth rate (TCS) was 1.30 +/- 0.15 in R100 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 in R0. Consumption Index was lower for R100 (3.85 +/- 0.99) compared to R0 (6.91 +/- 0.86). Survival rate was 100% in both groups. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential use of insects as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in aquaculture diets, and it is recommended that these results be validated under a variety of rearing conditions and over extended periods to ensure their robustness.

Development of myocardial oxygen consumption index using non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitor and practical application of optimal exercise prescription algorithm

Cardiology is a crucial speciality given the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. As weight gain and a sedentary lifestyle are major factors associated with heart disease, many prevention efforts and treatment strategies centre on exercise. Associate Professor (Lecturer) Yasunori Suematsu is a cardiologist based at Fukuoka University Hospital who is working to optimise exercise therapy for patients in the rehabilitation phase of treatment. Suematsu is developing a myocardial oxygen consumption index using a non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitor and working on an optimal exercise prescription algorithm to assist in the post-recovery treatment of his patients. As optimal exercise intensity varies depending on the day and factors such as physical condition, pathological condition, mental state, recovery and autonomic nerve activity, the programme that Suematsu is developing enables individuals to easily measure their optimal exercise intensity for the day. This means that they can exercise at the most beneficial intensity for them every day. When it comes to data collection for the programme, he is interested in the product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate, called the double product, which enables him to evaluate the anaerobic metabolic threshold. His new technique enables this to be measured accurately and non-invasively using a device called a continuous sphygmomanometer, which can continuously measure blood pressure. The researchers are using this to develop a new myocardial oxygen consumption marker using the double product as a reference.

Towards an Energy Consumption Index for Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Analysis of Architectures, GPUs, and Measurement Tools

Towards an Energy Consumption Index for Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Analysis of Architectures, GPUs, and Measurement Tools

An integrated energy efficiency optimization method of the wind-assisted hybrid ship for the shipping decarbonization.

The utilization of wind energy can provide auxiliary thrust and hence reduce the fuel consumption as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of wind-assisted ship. However, the use of sails would deviate main engine (ME) from its optimal operating point, which would reduce the engine fuel efficiency. The adoption of the shaft generator (SG) can maintain the ME running at the optimal fuel efficiency point in this condition. However, it is crucial to achieve the integrated optimization of the sailing speed, route, sails' angle of attack, and SG output power (SG-OP) to enhance the wind-assisted ship energy efficiency. Therefore, an integrated energy efficiency optimization method is proposed for reducing the ship fuel consumption. The results reveal that this method can effectively increase the energy efficiency of the wind-assisted hybrid ship, decreasing fuel consumption and energy efficiency operational index (EEOI) by about 5.25% and 7.36%, respectively.

Sex-specific impacts of caffeine on body composition: commentary on a retrospective cohort study.

Understanding the impact of caffeine intake on body composition is a topic of growing research interest. The article "Association Between Caffeine Intake and Fat-Free Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study" by Tian et al. explored this relationship, highlighting a positive correlation between caffeine consumption and fat-free mass index (FFMI). In this letter to the editor, we discuss the broader implications of these findings, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the underlying biological and lifestyle factors influencing caffeine's effects. To provide critical insights into the mechanisms and contextual factors that may explain the observed association between caffeine intake and FFMI, with particular focus on sex-specific differences, hormonal influences, and lifestyle interactions. This letter to editor builds on the findings of Tian et al., drawing from related literature and prior research to contextualize the potential mechanisms and broader implications of caffeine's impact on body composition. The discussion highlights key areas requiring further investigation, including the role of hormonal modulation, genetic variability, and long-term effects on muscle health. The positive association between caffeine intake and FFMI, particularly among women and younger populations, underscores the ergogenic potential of caffeine in enhancing muscle performance and metabolic efficiency. This letter expands on the study by emphasizing the role of hormonal factors, such as estrogen's modulation of CYP1A2, the liver enzyme critical for caffeine metabolism. The discussion also highlights the complex interplay between caffeine and other lifestyle factors. Finally, this commentary calls attention to the need for more research into the differential effects of caffeine sources, such as energy drinks and supplements, which often include additional ingredients with distinct metabolic and cardiovascular effects. These alternative sources may influence body composition differently than traditional coffee-based caffeine intake, an area that remains underexplored.

Dental caries and related factors in the elderly of the Azar cohort population: A cross-sectional study.

Oral health is often overlooked among the elderly due to the numerous comorbidities prevalent in this population. However, oral health significantly influences quality of life by affecting both general health and psychological well-being. The present study aimed to assess dental caries in elderly individuals using the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and to explore its relationship with various factors based on data from the Azar cohort study in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data from the initial phase of the Azar cohort study, which involved 2629 elderly individuals (aged 60 years and older), were statistically analyzed. The Azar cohort study evaluated demographic factors, the history of chronic diseases, and behavioral habits using a well-designed questionnaire administered through face- to -face interviews. The DMFT index was evaluated through oral examination. A negative binomial regression analysis with a log link function was employed to investigate the relationship between the DMFT and related variables, including gender, age, marital status, level of education, socioeconomic status, chronic diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. The mean (SD) age of elderly individuals was 64.15±2.91 years. The mean (SD) DMFT was 28.42±6, and the mean (SD) number of missing teeth was 26.58±8.36. Approximately 70.8% of elderly individuals were edentulous. Women exhibited a higher mean DMFT score and a greater number of missing teeth compared to men. The mean DMFT score and its components significantly differed based on the level of education and socioeconomic status. However, no significant relationship was found between the DMFT index and the variables in the multiple regression analysis. The high prevalence of edentulism and the elevated DMFT scores in the elderly population of the Azar cohort indicate a poor oral health status among older individuals. Providing the dental services within the primary health care system for the adults, can be beneficial in improving oral health in old age.

The effect of core strength combined with sensory integration training on the walking ability of children with cerebral palsy

Objective: To compare the influence of core strength training combined with sensory integration training and routine rehabilitation training on the walking ability of children with cerebral palsy, and to provide a basis for the selection of reasonable rehabilitation training for them. Methods: Thirty children with cerebral palsy aged 7–12 years were randomly divided into an experimental group (15) and a control group (15), with the former conducted for 8 months of core strength training and sensory integration training three times a week, and the latter conducted for the same period of conventional rehabilitation therapy training three times a week. Besides, the research respectively investigates the gross motor function measure (GMFM), parameters of gait, physiological consumption index as well as the balance and postural control of the children in the two groups before and after the training. Results: (1) The scores of GMFM-D and GMFM-E are increased in the experimental and control groups after the intervention, with the former achieving higher scores than the latter (p < 0.01); (2) All parameters of gait improved in both groups after the intervention, the experimental group showing better improvement than the control group in terms of stride length, width, left and right support phases and swing phase(p < 0.05) (3) The physiological consumption index of the experimental group was significantly lower after training (p < 0.05). (4) The COP of the experimental group was remarkably higher than that of the control group after training (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Core strength combined with sensory integration training and conventional rehabilitation training can improve the motor function and walking capacity of children with spastic cerebral palsy, but the former method has a better intervention effect.

Associations of healthy lifestyle and family income to poverty ratio with all-cause mortality among people with prediabetes and diabetes: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundFamily income to poverty ratio (PIR) may have independent effects on diet and lifestyle factors and the development of prediabetes and diabetes, as well as on mortality. It is unclear how the protective effect of a healthy lifestyle against death differs between individuals with different glucose metabolic profiles and whether PIR mediates this effect. This study aimed to explore whether healthy lifestyle and family PIR reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in participants with different metabolic status and the mediating role of PIR.Subjects and methodsIn total, 21,411 participants from the 2001–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and follow-up until 2019 were included. The weighted healthy lifestyle score was constructed based on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet (HEI-2015), and body mass index. Generalized linear regression models were used to analyze the association between healthy lifestyle, PIR, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the all-cause mortality associated with PIR and lifestyle. Furthermore, the mediation proportion of PIR in all-cause mortality attributed to healthy lifestyle was analyzed among participants with normal glucose regulation, prediabetes, or diabetes after multivariable adjustment.ResultsThere were significant differences in healthy lifestyle and PIR among people with normal glucose regulation, prediabetes and diabetes. During a mean follow-up of 92 months, participants with prediabetes or diabetes were also likely to have a higher mortality rate, respectively 583 (8.3%) and 263 (12.7%). More than 2 healthy lifestyles were associated with 42% (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35–0.95) to 76% (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12–0.44) reduced risk of all-cause mortality among participants with prediabetes, but among those with diabetes, who had ≥ 4 healthy lifestyles were associated with 72% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09–0.90). The middle and high PIR were associated with at least a 37% (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47–0.83) to 65% (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.68) lower risk of all-cause mortality in participants with prediabetes and diabetes. Furthermore, PIR mediated 5.81-14.93% and 7.72-10.10% of the association between healthy lifestyle and all-cause mortality among normal glucose regulation and prediabetic participants, respectively. However, the mediating effect of PIR was not significant among diabetic participants.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of promoting adherence to a healthy lifestyle and improving PIR in prediabetic patients to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, and the protective effect is more significant with more healthy lifestyles and higher PIR. This study can help clinicians and health systems develop more targeted treatments for people with different metabolic levels.

Exploring Changes in National Income from Fast-moving Consumer Goods

The current international situation is changing rapidly, and the currency exchange rate is the first one to be affected. The consumption ability of residents towards fast-moving consumer goods can reflect some important economic conditions, such as the living standards and consumption ability of the people, the exchange rate trend of the currency, and the development trend of the country. The price range of fast-moving consumer goods can be used to analyze the purchasing power of domestic currencies and the consumption power of the middle class in various countries. The paper analyzes the fast-moving consumer goods expenditure allocation dataset and corresponding consumption indices for cigarettes and cola among Japanese and Australian citizens using SPSS. It can be concluded that fast-moving consumer goods represent the significance of currency and consumption power. By analyzing examples and tables, and analyzing the price datasets of fast-moving consumer goods represented by cola and cigarettes in the short term (two years) and the long term (thirty years), respectively, to illustrate the trend changes over different time spans, and household income in Japan and Australia, it can be concluded that the price changes of fast-moving consumer goods reflect the changes in the country's currency exchange rate, and the price of fast-moving consumer goods also represents the consumption ability of the country's working class.

Assessing the impact of macroeconomic and environmental concerns on Bitcoin in lower-income countries

Abstract This study investigated the effects of macroeconomic and environmental factors on Bitcoin return. The analysis included 31 lower-income countries selected based on their GDP rankings from 2012 to 2022. Using 341 observations, we applied Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and One-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to evaluate the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Inflation Rate (INF), CO2 Emissions (CO2E), Climate Policy Uncertainty (CPU), Global Price Energy Index (GPEI), and Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI) on Bitcoin return. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between CO2E and Bitcoin return, reflecting investor concerns about Bitcoin’s environmental impact. CBECI showed a significant positive effect, suggesting that higher electricity consumption associated with mining activities led to increased Bitcoin return. CPU was positively associated with Bitcoin return, indicating that investors might have viewed Bitcoin as a hedge against climate policy uncertainties. GPEI had a significant negative effect, demonstrating Bitcoin’s sensitivity to global energy price fluctuations. GDP and INF showed no significant effect on Bitcoin return, suggesting that macroeconomic indicators did not significantly impact Bitcoin’s value in emerging markets. These results offered essential guidance for investors and policymakers in emerging markets.

The Relationship Between The Weekly Soft Drinks Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adolescents

Soft drink consumption rate among adolescents was the highest and it is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of obesity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the frequency and volume of weekly soft drink consumption and body mass index among adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved 78 senior high school students in Palembang. The frequency of soft and energy drink consumption is assessed every week. The body mass index (BMI) was measured by standardized anthropometry. Data was then analyzed computerized with a level of significance of P <0.05. Spearman test results show that there was a significant positive correlation between the frequency and volume of weekly consumption of soft drinks and BMI among adolescents (p < 0.001, r = 0.517; p < 0.001, r = 0.568, respectively). Increased consumption of soft drinks among adolescents will be associated with increased body mass index which leads to overweight and obesity.

The Role of Metabolic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Results of Own Research

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke are the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide. One of the most controversial issues in modern cardiology is the feasibility of using metabolic drugs for the treatment of patients with angina. The main directions in metabolic therapy are optimization of energy production and expenditure and normalization of the balance between the intensity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant processes. The objective: to determine the clinical effectiveness of combined metabolic therapy with domestic drugs meldonium, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and armadin in the complex treatment of military personnel with IHD. Materials and methods. The study included 36 military personnel with coronary artery disease with stable angina pectoris of functional class II–III. Patients were treated in the cardiology department of the Military Medical Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center (Irpin). All examined patients were male, the average age was 43.7 ± 2.7 years, the duration of the disease was 4.2 ± 2.3 years, the onset of angina attacks was 39.6 ± 2.8 years. All patients received standard therapy in accordance with the ESC recommendation. Additionally intravenous drip infusions of meldonium (100 mg/ml, 5 ml per 100.0 saline), ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (50 mg/ml, 2 ml intravenously in a 1:2 dilution in saline, slowly in a jet) and armadin (300 mg, 1 tablet in the evening for 2 weeks, then 1 tablet solution twice a day for 4 weeks) were prescribed. The effectiveness of the prescribed complex was monitored based on the dynamics of clinical status, bicycle ergometry indicators, and Holter ECG monitoring before the start of treatment and after 14–16 days. Results. The use of metabolic therapy significantly improved the general condition of patients, reduced the number of angina attacks, and reduced the need for nitroglycerin tablets. Analysis of the sample with dosed physical activity before the start of therapy revealed a significant percentage of patients with ST segment depression of 2 mm at the height of physical activity, and the total relative number of patients with ST segment depression of 1.5–2 mm was 72.2%. During the repeated examination ST segment depression was not determined in 94.4% of patients. Before treatment, rhythm disturbances in the form of supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles were recorded on the background of maximum exercise, and after treatment, no rhythm disturbances were detected. In the dynamics of the therapy, it was possible to achieve a decrease in blood pressure (BP) indicators during exercise, the level of systolic BP decreased by 16.4%, and diastolic BP – by 9.4% (p < 0.05). Recovery time significantly decreased by 35.2%, but oxygen consumption and tolerance index significantly increased. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated that combination therapy with domestically produced metabolic drugs (meldonium, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and armadine) with a combination of injectable and tablet forms showed high effectiveness in the treatment of military personnel with coronary artery disease. The combination of drugs that patients received during the study demonstrated good tolerability and the absence of adverse reactions.

Paclitaxel for second-line treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A multicenter retrospective Italian study

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) accounts for 3% of all malignant tumors in Italy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is first-line treatment for SCCHN; however, second-line treatment options are limited. Taxanes are widely used for combination therapy of SCCHN, as clinical trials have shown their efficacy in patients with this disease, particularly in patients with prior therapy. AIM To perform a multicenter retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel for SCCHN. METHODS All patients were previously treated with at least one systemic therapy regimen, which included platinum-based therapy in the vast majority. No patient received prior immunotherapy. RESULTS Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 3.4 months and median overall survival (mOS) was 6.5 months. Subgroup analysis was performed according to three principal prognostic factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Analysis demonstrated reduced survival, both mOS and mPFS, in the unfavorable prognostic groups, with the biggest deltas observed in mOS. CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel provided favorable survival and disease control rates, with low severe adverse events. Paclitaxel is a safe and valid therapeutic option for patients with SCCHN who received prior therapy.

Analysis of the Impact of Intelligent Traffic Signals on Reducing Urban Traffic Congestion

Based on the urban traffic congestion problem, this study takes 143 intersections in Haidian District and 289 intersections in Futian District as practical objects, constructs an intelligent traffic signal evaluation index system, and uses multi-source data collection and machine learning analysis methods to quantitatively evaluate the implementation effect of the system. The study finds that the average travel time is reduced by 32.5%, the energy consumption index is decreased by 28.7%, and the annual economic benefit is 4.43 billion yuan. The survey data shows that the public satisfaction rate reaches 87.6%, and the system reliability reaches 99.2%. The evaluation results indicate that the intelligent traffic signal system has significant effects on improving traffic operation efficiency and enhancing social benefits.

Exploring the Association Between Adolescents' Health Literacy and Health Behavior by Using the Short Health Literacy (HLS19-Q12) Questionnaire.

Health literacy (HL) is an important element of public health that is linked to health behavior in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the structural validity and reliability of the HLS19-Q12 in the adolescent population, to measure the general HL of adolescents, and to assess the relationship between adolescents' HL and health behavior. This cross-sectional study involved 825 students aged 15-19 years attending Lithuanian gymnasiums. The participants completed an online survey that collected information on key sociodemographic, HL, and health behavior indicators. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega were used to validate the Lithuanian version of the HLS19-Q12. Health behavior indicators, including physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-rated health, and body mass index (BMI), were measured. We used regression analyses to assess the associations. The HLS19-Q12 showed an acceptable reliability index (Cronbach's α = 0.885, McDonald's omega ω = 0.877) and adequate structural validity (comparative fit index = 0.89, Tucker and Lewis's index of fit = 0.88, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). We found that 67.1% of the adolescents had excellent or sufficient HL, 27.7% had problematic HL, and 5.2% had inadequate HL. Compared with girls, boys had greater HL. HL was positively related to physical activity and self-rated health and negatively related to alcohol use and smoking. HLS19-Q12 is a reliable and valid measure of HL among adolescents in upper grades; higher levels of HL have been found to result in better health behaviors.

John Cunningham Virus seroconversion during natalizumab treatment

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease that is difficult to predict, originating in cases of disability. Natalizumab is a highly effective disease-modifying therapy but is associated with greater John Cunningham virus (JCV) reactivation and consequent increased risk of developing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective: To analyze JCV seroconversion in patients treated with natalizumab. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, between January 2012 and December 2021. To assess seroconversion during treatment with natalizumab, patients were considered seronegative at the beginning of treatment and who had at least one result in the period of medication use. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee under protocol 3,177,442. Results: Sixty-two patients treated with Natalizumab were included, with a seroprevalence of 67.7%. At the start of treatment, 41.9% (26/62) of the patients were negative for anti-JCV, of which 23.1% (6/26) were seroconverted. The mean time to seroconversion was 2.5 years. The baseline index of anti-JCV antibodies was statistically significant with the age of the patients. Among patients with a negative anti-JCV antibody result at baseline, 82.6% (19/23) remained negative throughout monitoring. Treatment was discontinued in 53.2% (33/62) of patients, and 72.7% (24/33) due to anti-JCV positivity with a consumption index >1.5 in 41.9% of cases. Conclusion: Knowing how to monitor the anti-JCV antibody index and treatment approaches in our patient cohort may be useful in future clinical decisions in treating MS.

Population Dynamics and Nutritional Indices of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reared on Three Crop Species.

The fall armyworm (FAW) is an invasive pest that has been rapidly spreading across China since its detection in Yunnan province in January 2019. Although sugarcane and sorghum have been reported as hosts, their effects on FAW's population growth and life table parameters have not been examined in China. Our research shows that FAW's development and life table metrics vary significantly when reared on sorghum, sugarcane, and maize. Notably, the preadult stage, adult preoviposition period, and total preoviposition period of FAW were markedly longer on sugarcane and sorghum compared to maize. FAW reared on these two crops also exhibited reduced survival rates, pupal weight, fecundity, and lower female-to-male ratios. The study highlights that FAW had lower population growth rates, reproductive rates, and longer generation times on sugarcane and sorghum compared to maize. The consumption index and digestibility index were higher on maize, while conversion efficiency and growth rate were greater on sorghum. Although maize is the most favorable host, FAW can still survive and reproduce on sugarcane and sorghum during the nongrowing season, posing a risk to economically important crops in China. Despite being less favorable for population growth, sugarcane and sorghum still support FAW development and spread. Therefore, enhanced surveillance and early warning measures for sugarcane and sorghum are recommended to monitor FAW population dynamics and mitigate its potential impact on primary host plants.

La divulgación de los estudios históricos contemporáneos en la era digital (los formatos textuales y audiovisuales)

In general, for several decades, cultural content has been designed using transmedia criteria. At present, due to the multiplication of digital channels and formats, there is a notable increase in content (textual and audiovisual) related to contemporary historical studies. The new trends in the dissemination of knowledge are greatly modifying the ways of narrating the events of the past and, in turn, are conditioned by variables as complex as the motivations of producers, the supervision of the academic world, institutional patronage, et cetera. In short, the interview with Professor Paolo Raspadori aims to reflect on key issues related to the rigor of documentation methods, narrative revisionism, the popularity of fiction genres, the influence of the dominant ideology and the analysis of indices of consumption in an increasingly diversified, globalized and interconnected cultural market.

The impact of comprehensive healthy lifestyles on obstructive sleep apnea and the mediating role of BMI: insights from NHANES 2005–2008 and 2015–2018

ObjectiveIn this study, the associations between healthy lifestyles and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in middle-aged and elderly adults were investigated via data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the periods of 2005–2008 and 2015–2018.MethodsA total of 6,406 participants aged 40 years and older were included in the analysis. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were assessed through diet quality, physical activity, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). A composite healthy lifestyle score (ranging from 0 to 6) was created and categorized into insufficient (0–2), intermediate (3–4), and optimal (5–6) health groups. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between these lifestyle scores and OSA, adjusting for some demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of BMI as a mediator in the relationship between the composite healthy lifestyle score and OSA, determining the proportion of the total effect mediated by BMI.ResultsParticipants were classified into insufficient (17.81%), intermediate (56.82%), and optimal (25.37%) lifestyle groups. Higher dietary quality (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66–0.99) and adequate weight (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.07–0.11) were statistically associated with reduced OSA odds after adjustments, whereas the variables were not. Each one-point increase in the healthy lifestyle score was linked to a 33% reduction in OSA odds (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.63–0.71). A significant linear trend was observed, with better adherence to healthy lifestyle correlating with lower odds of OSA (p for trend < 0.001). Compared with insufficient lifestyle, intermediate lifestyle was linked to a 27% reduction in OSA (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.91), whereas optimal lifestyle was associated with a 74% reduction (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.21–0.33). Mediation analysis revealed that BMI significantly mediated the relationship between healthy lifestyle score and OSA, accounting for approximately 59.2% of the total effect (P < 0.001). The direct effect of the healthy lifestyle score on OSA remained significant even when controlling for BMI (P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent benefits across different demographic groups.ConclusionsThis study revealed that adherence to healthy lifestyles significantly reduces the odds of OSA, with optimal lifestyles leading to a marked decrease in the odds of OSA. Notably, BMI plays a critical mediating role in this relationship. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle interventions as a key strategy for the prevention and management of OSA.

The sex related association between TDP‐43 and cognitive function: a population‐based autopsy study

AbstractBackgroundTransactive DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) proteinopathy is associated with neurodegeneration, including LATE and linked to cognitive deterioration. While some research suggests a higher prevalence of TDP‐43 in women, no differences have been identified among racial groups. Nonetheless, the influence of gender on cognition within the context of TDP‐43 remains uncertain. Our objective was to investigate gender and racial distinctions in the relationship between TDP‐43 presence and cognitive function.MethodCross‐sectional study in a population‐based sample of 1,164 Brazilians from the Biobank for Aging Studies of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of progressive LATE stages with cognitive abilities evaluated by Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SOB). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic (age at death, sex, education, and race), clinical variables (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, alcohol consumption, smoking, and body mass index) and neuropathological lesions (Braak staging, CERAD, Lewy body diseases pathology, lacunar infarcts, hyaline arteriolosclerosis and cerebral angiopathy amyloid). Additionally, we investigated the interaction of TDP‐43 pathology with race (white and black) and sex on CDR‐SOB.ResultSociodemographic and clinical variables were different between the participants with and without LATE (Table 1). Adjusted analysis, accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, revealed a significant association between the presence of LATE and impaired cognitive abilities (β = 5.13, 95% CI = 3.63;6.33, p&lt;0.001). We did not find an interaction between race and LATE (p = 0.73). However, we found a significant interaction between TDP‐43 and sex (p = 0.001) (Figure 1). Upon conducting a stratified analysis, LATE had a more pronounced impact on cognitive abilities in women than in men (Men: β = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.26;3.86, p&lt;0.001; Women: β = 4.94, 95% CI = 3.52;6.36, p for interaction &lt;0.001).ConclusionThe presence of LATE is associated with poor cognition, particularly in women.