Consumer Goods Research Articles

Gillette’s Expansion to India through the Lens of Porter’s Diamond Model and Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm

In 2005, Procter & Gamble (P&G) acquired Gillette for $57 billion, marking a significant milestone in consumer goods history. This analysis explores Gillette's strategic expansion into India, leveraging Porter's Diamond Model and Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm to evaluate its success and challenges. The study delves into the skilled workforce, local manufacturing, and innovative marketing strategies that facilitated Gillette's penetration into India's diverse and rapidly urbanizing market. Through local R&D and collaborations with e- commerce platforms, Gillette tailored its products to Indian consumer preferences, achieving substantial market share. The frameworks reveal how Gillette's global efficiency and local responsiveness enabled it to thrive amidst intense competition. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustaining this success through continuous innovation, vigilant market monitoring, and eco-friendly practices, while suggesting the applicability of these insights to other emerging markets.

Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in urban soils of a typical densely urbanized and industrialized city, Northeast China

As an important capital city of intensive urbanization and industrialization in Northeast China, Changchun has experienced extremely rapid development, with diverse sectors such as automobile manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, optoelectronics, and pharmaceutical decoration. However, data on the levels and profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in urban soils of Changchun is limited. This study investigated 17 PFASs across various functional zones within the main urban area of Changchun. ∑PFAS concentrations in the soils ranged from 0.236 to 6.483 ng/g, averaging 1.820 ng/g. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were more prevalent than perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), and short-chain PFASs (C ≤ 6) were the predominant residues. PFAS concentrations varied across functional zones, with commercial markets exhibiting the highest levels, followed by industrial areas, residential areas, suburban zones, and transportation areas. Molecular diagnostic ratio and PCA-MLR analysis identified industrial production processes of consumer goods and wastewater treatment plants as the primary sources of soil PFAS contamination. There were no obvious health risks of soil ∑PFASs, while soil PFOS and PFHxS may have an impact on the richness and diversity of soil microbial communities in some certain locations. This study provides new data on PFAS residues in soils influenced by diverse contamination sources within a key industrial city in Northeast China, offering valuable insights for prioritizing remediation and restoration efforts.

Societal impact of recycling waste into composite materials

Demands for consumer goods and synthetic materials have increased significantly due to rapid population growth. As a result, environmental pollution, natural disasters and catastrophes, and controlling and recycling waste have become crucial issues for global sustainability and developing a circular economy. Besides the various sources, solid waste is generated from medical fields, ready-made garment (RMG) industries, and human hair during their service time and life. Human hair, face masks, and RMG waste are disposed of in landfills, buried, and incinerated without recycling. It creates dust and microparticles and develops CO2, methane, and harmful gases before fully decomposing in landfills, promoting environmental hazards and degrading air quality and social attributes. In addition, it causes the infiltration of microplastics and other micro/nano-particles into aquatic life, birds, and animals, and ultimately into human organs through food chains. It can be controlled by reducing, reusing, and recycling waste into useful materials and resources. Therefore, scientists seek to replace synthetic materials by developing bio-composites through recycling waste. This study explores the social impact of recycling human hair, waste face masks, and RMG waste into composite fields, which will help to reduce environmental pollution and global warming, achieve sustainability, develop a circular economy, and deter climate change. In contrast to societal impacts, the scalability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term durability of composites will not be an issue since the cost of waste is tiny, composite's strengths are higher than some natural fiber-reinforced composites, and those wastes can also be used to fabricate hybrid composites as cheap constituents.

Effect of exchange rate volatility on financial reporting of consumer goods firms in Nigeria (2019 – 2023)

This study examines the effect of exchange rate volatility (ERV) on financial reporting of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. Data were sourced from the published annual reports of fourteen consumer goods firms listed on the Nigeria Exchange (NGX) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin for the period 2019-2023. The analysis employed the Panel Error Correction-Generated Least Squares (EGLS) method, focusing on three key financial metrics: Earnings Per Share (EPS), Current Ratio, and Debt-to-Equity Ratio. The findings reveal that ERV has a significant positive effect on EPS. Conversely, a significant negative effect is observed on the current ratio. However, the effect on the debt-to-equity ratio is found to be insignificant, suggesting that ERV does not substantially influence capital structure decisions. The study recommends that firms should continue to develop and implement robust strategies to manage the impacts of ERV, such as hedging, strategic pricing, and cost control measures, to safeguard and potentially enhance their financial performance during periods of exchange rate fluctuations. Keywords: Exchange Rate Volatility, Financial Reporting, Earnings Per Share, Current Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Consumer Goods Firms.

Research on the risk spillover effect of carbon emission trading market and various industry markets in China and the European Union

AbstractWidely concerns over the carbon emission problems have been aroused. Prior studies have documented the correlation between the carbon emission market and industries separately. This study compared the tail risks and risk spillover effect of the carbon emission and 11 industries markets in China and the European Union (EU) by using the multivariate multi‐quartile conditional autoregressive at‐risk model. Moreover, to evaluate the risk spillover of each market under extreme risk conditions in time domain and frequency domain, DY spillover index and BK spillover index were constructed via generalized forecast error variance decomposition and generalized causation spectrum, respectively. Findings are as follows: (1) The tail risks and fluctuation of the trend of Chinese industry markets reflects more higher and larger than those in the EU; (2) The EU suffers from smaller external shocks, while China has the opposite result and can recover relatively faster; (3) In China, energy, industrial, information technology, financial, real estate, consumer goods, carbon emissions, and discretionary consumption industries are risk spillover industries, while healthcare, materials, telecommunication services, and utilities industries are risk receiving industries. In contrast, the risk spillover industries in the EU remain consistent with those of the Chinese markets except for the materials, discretionary consumption, consumer goods, information technology and real estate industries. (4) On the short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term scales, the risk spillover of China's carbon emission trading market and various industries is basically consistent with that of the EU. These findings contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability, liquidity and company size on firm value in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2021 period. The population used in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2021 period. The sample in this study consisted of 34 companiies which were determined by purposive sampling technique. The research method used is panel data regression, model test, classical assumption test, mulltiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing. From the results of the tests and discussions that have been carried out, it can be concluded that profitability, liquidity and firm size have no effect on firm value.

Unravelling the Effect of Consumer Perception of CSR Practices of Multinational Enterprises on Consumer Purchase Intention: Insights from the Sri Lankan FMCG Sector

Due to increased market potential, Multinational enterprises offering fast-moving consumer goods have grown rapidly in developing countries such as Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate how CSR practices in the MNE FMCG sector of Sri Lanka affect consumer purchasing intentions through the mediation of brand image, brand attitude, and perceived quality. A positivist research paradigm has been adopted in this study. Accordingly, self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 200 consumers of MNE FMCGs and the structural equation modeling technique was adopted to generate the study's statistical conclusions. It was found that consumer purchase intention is influenced by the CSR practices of MNE FMCG companies, while brand attitude, brand image and perceived quality partially mediate the aforementioned relationship.This study unravels the actual effect of CSR practices of MNEs on consumer purchase intention especially in the context of South Asia based on the theoretical foundations of Social Exchange theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This would be in contrast to extant literature which seems to have inconsistent findings on this relationship.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Opini Audit, Profitabilitas, dan Audit Tenure Terhadap Audit Report lag pada Perusahaan Barang dan Konsumsi Sub Sektor Farmasi yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2016-2022

This study aims to analyze the influence of Company Size, Audit Opinion, Profitability, and Audit Tenure on Audit Report Lag in the pharmaceutical subsector consumer goods and consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2022. Company size is measured by Total Assets, Audit Opinion with Dummy, Profitability with Return On Assets (ROA), Audit Tenure with Total Years of Engagement. The research population consisted of 11 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. A sample of 72 companies was selected using the saturated sample method. The results of data analysis show that simultaneously Company Size, Audit Opinion, Profitability, Audit Tenure have a significant effect on Audit Report Lag. Partially, company size has no effect on Audit Report Lag, indicating that large and small company sizes have the ability to pressure their auditors to complete audit work on time and are not a determining factor in Audit Report Lag, Audit Opinion has a partially negative effect on Audit Report Lag, shows that companies that receive an unqualified opinion from the auditor for their financial reports will tend to urge the auditor to immediately complete the audit report because an unqualified opinion is good news from the auditor. Profitability has a partial negative effect on Audit Report Lag, indicating that if a company produces a higher level of profitability, the Audit Report Lag will be shorter. Audit Tenure has a partial positive effect on Audit Report Lag, indicating that the longer the engagement between the client and the Auditor, the longer the Audit Report Lag will be.

Comparative Analysis of ESG and Financial Performance Across Technology, Healthcare, and Consumer Goods Industries: A Study of Dominant Companies

This study delves into the comparative analysis of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and financial performance across three distinct industries: Technology, Healthcare, and Consumer Goods. The research aims to understand the relationship between ESG integration and financial outcomes, examining dominant companies within each sector. In the technology sector, Apple Inc. exemplifies robust ESG practices, including renewable energy projects and sustainable material sourcing, which correlate with strong financial performance metrics. Johnson & Johnson, representing the healthcare industry, demonstrates significant progress in healthcare access and environmental sustainability, reflecting positively on financial indicators. Procter & Gamble (P&G) in the consumer goods sector exhibits notable efforts in waste reduction and sustainable sourcing, contributing to market leadership and financial stability. While ESG integration appears to positively influence financial performance across these industries, the extent of alignment varies, suggesting the need for further research and sector-specific strategies. The findings underscore the importance of transparent ESG reporting and tailored strategies to drive long-term value creation and resilience in today's evolving business landscape.

Research on the Investment Portfolio in Technology and Consumer Goods Industries

This research investigates investment portfolios in the U.S. technology and consumer goods sectors, employing Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and the Markowitz Model to analyze and compare their risk-return profiles. The study highlights that the technology sector demonstrates a high-risk and high-return profile, making it attractive for risk-seeking investors aiming for significant gains amidst market volatility. In contrast, the consumer goods sector, with lower volatility, appeals to risk-averse investors who prefer stable and predictable returns. Key findings strongly emphasize the importance of aligning investment choices with individual investor preferences, illustrating how specific industry characteristics can influence investment strategies. The research suggests that investment success is considerably enhanced when portfolios are tailored to match individual risk tolerance and investment goals. This strategic approach provides a robust framework for guiding investors to make informed decisions that reflect their personal preferences and financial objectives, thereby helping them navigate market complexities and enhance portfolio performance.

BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND AUDIT QUALITY OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

The study investigates the effects of board characteristics on the audit quality of publicly traded listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2022. An ex-post facto research approach was used in this study. For data analysis, the panel regression technique was used in the study. The study's findings revealed that board independence and board financial expertise have a positive and significant effect on the audit quality of Nigerian listed consumer goods companies. However, board gender diversity had a negative and insignificant effect on the audit quality of Nigerian-listed consumer goods companies. The study concludes that boards with more independent members who are not influenced by management may improve the audit process efficacy. To improve audit quality, listed consumer goods firms should focus on retaining board independence and guaranteeing the presence of directors with significant financial experience. While the relationship between board gender diversity and audit quality is still uncertain, it is critical to promote diversity and inclusivity on corporate boards in order to build a more robust governance structure. Continuous monitoring and research in this area will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between gender diversity and audit quality.

IMPACT OF AUDIT QUALITY ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT OF CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

This study examines the impact of audit quality on earnings management of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the covers all twenty-one (21) listed consumer goods firm in Nigeria and two-stages filter was used to arrive at a sample size of fifteen (15) consumer goods firms listed the floor of Nigerian Exchange group as at 31st December, 2022, the data were extracted from annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms for the period of ten (10) years from 2013-2022. Multiple regression was used as a technique of data analysis, regression result shows that audit reporting lag, audit client’s importance and auditor independence have a positive and significant impact on earnings management of the sampled firms, while auditor’s tenure has a negative and significant impact on earnings management. Based on the findings, the study concluded that audit reporting lag, audit client’s importance and auditor independence enhanced the earnings management. while, auditor tenure does not affect earnings management. Based on findings and conclusion, it is therefore, recommends that the regulatory bodies such as Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria and Security and Exchange Commission in Nigeria should ensure that audited reports for private companies are release within a regulated period, this is because prolonged audit lagged increase earnings management by giving management of the companies enough time to manipulate earnings. This will impede the users of financial information to take an informed decision.

The Effect of Tax Planning and Leverage on Firm Value with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable

This study aims to examine the influence of tax planning and leverage on firm value using firm size as a moderating variable. The model employed in this study is a descriptive quantitative research design using secondary data. The population in this study includes consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018-2023. The sample selection process used a purposive sampling method, resulting in 156 observations from 26 companies selected as samples. Hypothesis testing is conducted using a moderation analysis model. The results of the study indicate that tax planning affects firm value and leverage affects firm value. Firm size as a moderating variable is capable of moderating the influence of tax planning and leverage on firm value.

Trading counterfeit products via the Internet and its impact on Iraqi consumer behavior An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of consumer goods users (home appliances)

Trading counterfeit products via the Internet and its impact on Iraqi consumer behavior An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of consumer goods users (home appliances)

The Commercial Determinants of Men's Health Promotion: A Case Study of Gambling, Nonnies, and Athleisurewear.

Although the social determinants of health have guided equity work with the tailoring of men's health promotion programs, the role of, and potential for, the commercial determinants of health in those interventions is rarely addressed and poorly understood. While four commercial products, tobacco, alcohol, ultra-processed food, and fossil fuels, account for more than a third of global deaths, there is a need to recognize that consumer goods industries can make both positive and negative contributions to health. This article begins much-needed discussions about what we might learn from, and strategically tap in the commercial sector to seed, scale, and sustain men's health promotion programs. Three case studies, online sports betting, beer and the rise of the nonny, and athleisurewear, are discussed. Connections between online sports betting and masculinities explain young men's disproportionate involvement and gambling addictions with recommendations to legislate an end to gambling advertisements and de-incentivize industry profiteering through penalties and higher taxes. Regarding beer and the rise of the nonny, brewers have innovated with non-alcoholic beer based on shifting consumption patterns and masculinities in their core market-men. The nonny reminds health promoters to know their end-user's values and behaviors to bolster program acceptability. Detailing Under Armour and Lululemon, two highly gendered but diversifying athleisurewear brands, the complexities of, and potential for, leveraging public health and industry collaborations are underscored. Taken together, the article findings suggest men's health promoters should rigorously explore tapping key commercial entities and tax revenues to advance the health of men and their communities.

Analysis of Ramadhan Effect on Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Sector Companies in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index 2020 - 2023

Indonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population and is listed as the first country with the largest Muslim population in the worl. With investment levels also increasing and a Muslim-majority population, this will greatly support researchers in conducting research related to sharia shares. This research investigates the existence of an anomaly effect. Where this effect is supported by religious situations and conditions, namely the month of Ramadan, so it is called the Ramadan effect which has also been widely documented by researchers, with the FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Good) company sector indexed by Indonesian sharia shares from 2020 to 2023 as the object of this research. The GARCH method is the model used in this research. Introduced by Bollerslev in 1986. This research was conducted quantitatively using secondary data on daily closing stock prices. The results of this research show that there is no effect of Ramadan on returns or volatility in FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Good) sector shares listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). There are only 3 companies that have a Ramadan effect on stock returns, including PT Martina Berto Tbk., PT Prima Cakrawala Abadi Tbk., and PT Sekar Bumi Tbk., then on volatility there are also 3 companies that have a Ramadhan effect, including PT Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua Tbk. ., PT Sekar Bumi Tbk., and PT Kimia Farma Tbk.. However, it was found in this research that in the month of Ramadan all the returns of the companies studied produced positive values with the majority of volatility being low.

Artificial Neural Network Model For Optimization of Forecasting Material Inventory

The increasing competition in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry leads to demand fluctuations, negatively impacting the accuracy of demand forecasts and determining optimal lot sizes in material inventory planning. Many companies struggle to adopt appropriate forecasting models, resulting in poor accuracy and higher material costs. This study aims to develop an integrated model for forecasting and material planning using simulation. The artificial neural network (ANN) method is proposed to improve forecasting accuracy, with performance evaluated through mean percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), and mean squared error (MSE). The forecast results are then applied to optimize material inventory using the economic order quantity (EOQ) model, considering warehouse capacity constraints. The EOQ model is applied to adjust lot sizes under time-varying demand. The findings highlight the importance of integrating forecasting with inventory planning to provide accurate demand predictions and optimal lot sizing, ultimately minimizing material costs in the FMCG industry. This research contributes to better decision-making in supply chain management by enhancing forecasting accuracy and inventory optimization.

Metode Weight Product Untuk Pemilihan Pestisida Yang Sesuai Dengan Jenis Hamanya

Technological developments are now growing rapidly in various fields, including the implementation of technology in everyday life, including the world of business and organizations. Digital technology includes information, computing, communications and connectivity, becoming a key factor for achieving sustainable competitive advantage in various industries. The use of technology also provides benefits such as sales monitoring, business recommendations and better decision making. Decision Support System (DSS) is a system that is deliberately created to assist certain parties in making decisions with quality and objective results, in an effective and efficient way of working, and does not depend solely on subjective decisions or based on wrong parameters. . The Weight Product (WP) method is one of the solution methods in Decision Support Systems. Choosing the best product is an important decision in various aspects of life, from purchasing consumer goods to choosing technology in business. UD. Anugrah Jaya Tani is one of the kiosks in Sayur Mahincat village, Kec. Barumun Selatan, Padang Lawas Regency, which operates in the agricultural sector and sells various types of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. Pesticides are chemical substances and other materials used to control various pests. For farmers, the types of pests are mites, pest plants, plant diseases caused by fungi (fungi), bacteria and viruses, nematodes (worms that damage roots), snails, mice, birds and other animals that are considered detrimental. This research aims to determine pesticides that are suitable for the type of pest on plants. The method used is a Decision Support System (DDS), namely Weight Product (WP). The data used is 10 data with 6 predetermined criteria. The results of this research are based on the final value obtained from each alternative, the pesticide with the highest value is considered the best alternative and the result is that Alternative A5 is the best pesticide with the highest value of 0.1396, namely Sidabas. This means that the pesticide is considered to best meet the specified criteria with the weight given.

Digital Transformation Framework in Consumer Goods Wholesale Industry SMEs : Case Study in Wholesale SMEs of Babelan Districk

Small and Medium Industry (SMEs) is one type of business that has experienced a fairly developed growth valuation. Consumer goods wholesale SMEs have experienced rapid growth in the sales sector, specifically in the Babelan sub-district the consumer goods wholesale industry still uses a manual control system in running its business. The sales process with the Conventional System is carried out starting from stock control, sales activity control, sales process, cashier and revenue generation is still done manually. The manual control process causes a slow counting process, and a long process of re- ordering goods and losing assets. The solution needed at this time is the creation of a framework for Digital Transformation Steps in the sales process to facilitate the control of wholesale consumer goods business processes. The digital transformation framework is expected to modernize the sales process starting from the cashier system, revenue control system, sales activity control process and make it easier for wholesalers to order goods. This applied research is expected to be able to provide suggestions for wholesale consumer goods businesses in running their business in a more efficient and practical direction and can be a recommendation to be able to carry out a digitally transformed sales process.

Cybersecurity strategies for protecting big data in business intelligence systems: Implication for operational efficiency and profitability

The alarming increase in consumers goods and services with concurrent devaluations of naira have necessitated the need to examine the effects of NUSX(Nigerian naira/1 US dollar), NFX (Nigerian naira/1 France franc) and NCX (Nigerian naira/1 Chinese yuan) rates on inflation(measured by CPI) and its volatility in Nigeria using data sets spanning from 2008 to 2022. The auxiliary autoregressive AAR(3) order of integration test specify that all the variables are stationary at first difference. Adopting multiple regression model with least square method of estimation and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH(1, 1)) as measure of volatility, the results indicate that NCX (Nigerian naira/1 Chinese yuan), NFX (Nigerian naira/1 France franc) and NUSX(Nigerian naira/1 US dollar) have no influence on both inflation and its volatility in Nigeria. This implies that variation in exchange rates system is not sufficient to explain the sudden increase in the prices of goods and services in Nigeria. Therefore, the government should look beyond exchange rates in finding solution to rising inflation phenomenon in Nigeria’s economic space.