Frequency Of Dairy Product Consumption Research Articles

The relationship between dental caries, dietary intake and body composition in school-age children

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental caries, food intake, and body composition in school-age children.MethodsThe study was conducted on 210 children, 105 boys and 105 girls, aged 6–12 years, without mental and/or physical disorders. Oral examinations of the children were performed by paediatric dentists and DMFT–DMFS and dmft–dmfs values were recorded. A detailed food frequency questionnaire was applied to determine the consumption frequency of dairy products and sugar‐added foods. Children’s height, waist and hip circumference measurements were taken by the researcher; body weight and body composition were evaluated with a Tanita body analyzer.ResultsThe DMFS value of children who consumed white cheese daily is lower than children who did not (p < 0.05). The DMFT and DMFS values were found to be higher in children who consumed sweets, biscuits, and spreadable chocolate daily compared to children who did not (p < 0.05). Body weight and waist circumference are positively correlated with DMFT and negatively correlated with dmft. BMI is positively correlated with DMFT and negatively correlated with dmft (p < 0.05). In binary logistic regression, it was found that maternal education level, frequency of added sugar intake and body fat ratio were predictors of the presence of caries.ConclusionIn this study, dental caries was associated with food consumption and body mass index. In children, consumption of sugary foods should be reduced and consumption of dairy products should be increased.

COVID-19 epidemic lockdown-induced remarkable decrease in dairy products consumption of Iran population: does it really matter? National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

BackgroundThe pandemic of the newly emerged coronavirus infection and its related disease, Covid-19, has influenced various aspects of human life including dietary habits. This study aimed to examine changes in dairy products consumption during Covid-19 lockdown period in a huge sample of Iranian households.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study using a web-based electronic self-administered questionnaire designed to detect any changes in the consumption frequency of dairy products in the Iranian households during Covid-19 lockdown.ResultsA total of 21,290 households were enrolled. During Covid-19 epidemic lockdown, about 29%, 26% and 7% of the households had decreased their consumption frequency of milk, yogurt and cheese, respectively. The female-headed households were 21% more likely to decrease their consumption of milk, compared with male-headed households (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.4). The households residing in food insecure provinces were 29%, 20% and 45% more likely to decrease their consumption of milk, yogurt and cheese as compared with those living in the food secure provinces. About 37%, 25.3%, 19.4% of those households who reported a decrease in consumption of dairy products had fully omitted them.ConclusionWe found considerable decrement of dairy products consumption, especially milk and yogurt, in a high proportion of the studied households. Inadequate intake and, in some households, omission of dairy products can potentially bring about serious health outcomes with heavier economic burden. Further studies to track these changes over time and to evaluate their health consequences are warranted.

Association between frequency of dairy product consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China

BackgroundHypertension, a well-known risk factor, contributes to millions of deaths from cardiovascular and renal diseases worldwide. However, evidence on the association between frequency of dairy product consumption and hypertension is inconsistent.MethodsThe data for the present study are from the Tongxiang baseline dataset of the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study. A total of 53,916 participants aged 30–79 years were included in the final analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the association of dairy product consumption with hypertension, and multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the association of dairy product consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ResultsOf the 53,916 participants, 2.6% reported consuming dairy products weekly, and 44.4% had prevalent hypertension. After adjusting for socio-demographic status, lifestyle factors, BMI, waist circumference, sleep duration and snoring, when compared with participants who never consumed dairy products, the odds ratios (95% CI) for hypertension among those consuming dairy products less than once per week, and ≥ 1 time per week were 0.85 (0.77–0.95) and 0.74 (0.65–0.84), respectively. The corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) for men were 0.85 (0.71–1.02) and 0.75 (0.61–0.92), respectively (Ptrend = 0.001), and for women were 0.88 (0.76–1.01) and 0.77 (0.65–0.91), respectively. (Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this large epidemiological study, higher frequency of dairy product consumption is associated with significantly lower odds of hypertension among Chinese adults.

Consumption of fermented dairy products is associated with lower anxiety levels in Azorean university students.

A growing number of studies have found that the gut microbiota is involved in a variety of psychological processes and neuropsychiatric disorders, which include mood and anxiety disorders. Consumption of dairy products may contain bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria with various therapeutic benefits. The aim of the study was to investigate possible associations between the frequency of consumption of different types of dairy products and the state of anxiety in university students. The subjects were 311 Azorean university students, 231 women and 80 men, with an average age of 20.5 years. Subjects completed a quantitative questionnaire on the frequency of dairy product consumption and a short version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test. Among dairy products, semi-skimmed milk was the most commonly consumed, followed by cheese (ripened), drinking yogurt, skim milk, and set yogurt, while fresh cheese, whole milk, and dairy ice cream were the least common. Discriminant analysis showed that consumption of fermented products (yogurt and cheese) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group with low anxiety level (score <40 in STAI test) than in the group with higher anxiety level (score ≥ 40). In this analysis, 62.4% of the initially grouped cases were correctly classified according to the frequency of fermented products consumption. No correlations were found between anxiety and unfermented dairy products. The results indicate that the consumption of fermented dairy products has a positive effect on reducing anxiety in young Azorean university students.

The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged 12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children. MethodCross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China (n = 2,449) to describe the patterns of complementary feeding and the growth of children. Cluster analysis was used to analyze complementary feeding patterns, and an analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted to analyze the relationship between Z scores and complementary feeding patterns. ResultsFour dietary patterns were identified among the children via cluster analysis. In Pattern 4 (n = 104, 4.2%), children still consumed milk as their staple food. They displayed the lowest grain, fruit, vegetable, egg, and flesh foods consumption, a medium frequency of breast milk consumption, and a high frequency of dairy product consumption. Pattern 4 had the lowest length-for-age Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores, with –0.10 ± 1.34 and 0.24 ± 1.00, respectively (F = 7.940, P < 0.001; F = 5.317, P < 0.001). ConclusionAlthough China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development, there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.

Dairy intake and risk of major cardiovascular events: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Abstract Background Evidence on the association between dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease has been highly inconsistent, with findings suggesting either harmful, neutral or beneficial effects. In addition, a very large majority of the previous studies on this topic were conducted among populations in Europe and North America who usually consume a higher amount of dairy products and very few data, particularly prospective data, come from China where the dairy consumption level is low. Purpose We therefore investigated the associations between intake of dairy products and incidence of several major types of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults. Methods During 2004–2008, the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank Study recruited slightly over 0.5 million adults from ten diverse regions (five urban and five rural) across China. Information on the consumption frequency of dairy products was collected at baseline and periodic resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire. Over a mean follow-up of 10.9 years, there were 47,128 incident ischaemic heart disease events, 43,481 ischaemic strokes and 9749 intracerebral haemorrhages among 489,595 study participants, who did not report a prior history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident events associated with dairy intake. Results Overall, 69.3% of participants reported never or rare consumption (i.e. non-consumers) and 11.3% of them reported regular consumption (i.e. ≥4 days/week) of dairy products, with milk accounting for the largest proportion of total dairy intake (∼77%). Male and female regular dairy consumers had 2.1/1.5 and 1.7/1.1 mmHg lower systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respectively compared to non-consumers. In a subset (∼18,000) of participants with blood lipid levels measured, regular dairy consumers had ∼0.1 mmol/L higher LDL levels than non-consumers. After adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, BMI and other dietary factors, dairy consumption was positively and significantly associated with risk of ischaemic heart disease, with the adjusted HR per 50 g/day increase in usual dairy consumption being 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.14). Dairy consumption was not significantly associated with risk of ischemic stroke but was inversely associated with risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, with each 50 g/day increase in usual dairy consumption being associated with 17% lower risk (HR 0.83, 0.78–0.88). These associations remained significant after additional adjustment for systolic blood pressure. Conclusion In this large study of Chinese adults, higher intake of dairy products was associated with a higher risk of ischaemic heart disease but a lower risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. The exact mechanisms underlying such associations require further investigation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up has been supported by Wellcome grants to Oxford University (212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z) and grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91843302). The UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00017/1,MC_UU_12026/2 MC_U137686851), Cancer Research UK (C16077/A29186; C500/A16896) and the British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454), provide core funding to the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit at Oxford University for the project.

Frailty Severity and Cognitive Impairment Associated with Dietary Diversity in Older Adults in Taiwan.

This study aims to investigate whether frailty severity in conjunction with cognitive function, termed as” cognitive frailty”, is associated with dietary diversity in older adults. This cross-sectional study used the data from the 2014–2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (N = 1115; age ≥ 65 years). Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall and food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS; range, 0–6) and food intake frequency were calculated. The presence of frailty phenotypes was determined using the FRAIL scale, which was proposed by the International Association of Nutrition and Aging, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. The prevalence of cognitive frailty (FRAIL scale score ≥ 3 and MMSE score ≤ 26) was 4.2%. A higher consumption frequency of dairy products, whole grains, vegetables, fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, tea, and coffee, as well as lower pickled vegetable, was inversely associated with cognitive frailty. Those with prefrailty or frailty and lower DDS demonstrated a higher cognitive impairment risk (adjust odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–3.83) than those without frailty and higher DDS. Older adults with cognitive prefrailty or cognitive frailty were associated with lower DDS, and frailty with lower DDS was associated with worsening cognitive function.

The Impacts of Urban Employment on Child Nutrition in Poor Rural Area: The Case of an Andean Indigenous Village, Cercado in Ecuador

연구목적: 에콰도르의 극빈 농촌지역이며 원주민 거주지역인 Cercado에 비농업소득이 식품섭취에 미치는 영향력 분석연구의 중요성: 개발도상국의 빈곤 농촌지역에서 도시지역 취업을 통한 비농업소득은 추가소득이라는 측면에서 아동의 영양섭취에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 하지만 식품 현물 획득 기회의 제한, 아동 식습관 관리 소홀 등으로 오히려 아동의 영양섭취에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수도 있다 연구방법론: Cercado 162가구의 보건조사 자료를 이용한 회귀분석 연구결과: 가장의 도시지역 취업가구의 경우 전업농 가구에 비해 아동의 단백질 섭취 빈도는 유의하게 낮은 반면, 유제품 섭취는 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 채소와 과일 섭취에서는 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 결론 및 시사점: 개발도상국의 빈곤 농촌지역에서 도시지역 취업을 통한 비농업소득은 추가소득이라는 측면에서 아동의 영양섭취에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 하지만 식품 현물 획득 기회의 제한, 아동 식습관 관리 소홀 등으로 오히려 아동의 영양섭취에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수도있다. 분석 결과 가장의 도시지역 취업가구의 경우 전업농 가구에 비해 아동의 단백질 섭취 빈 도는 유의하게 낮은 반면, 유제품 섭취는 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 도시지역 임금이 매우 낮은 초기 도시화 단계에서는 농촌 빈곤가구의 아동이 단백질 부족에 빠질 위험이 있음을 시사한다.Objectives: Analyzing the influence of urban employment of poor rural households on children’s nutrition status in Cercado Originality: By generating additional income, urban employment of poor rural households can have positive impacts on children s nutrition. On the contrary, it may cause negative ones due to less direct accessibility to farm-products and less care of children s eating. Methods: Using regression analysis with the health survey results for 162 households in Cercado, Ecuador. Results: The protein intake of children is less frequent in urban-employed households than in pure farm households. However, the intake of dairy products demonstrates the opposite tendency in frequency between two groups. Conclusions and Implication: In urban-employed households, the low frequency of protein intake is possibly due to smaller homegrown sources of plant protein, and the high frequency of dairy product consumption is attributable to its easier purchases due to cash income and urban access. This finding implies that children in rural poor families are at risk of protein shortage in the early phase of urbanization when urban wage rates are very low.

Predictors of urinary antibiotics in children of Shanghai and health risk assessment

BackgroundAn extensive exposure to antibiotics has been confirmed in children, but the predictors and potential health risk remain unclear. ObjectiveTo investigate the predictors of antibiotics in urine and potential health risk in children of Shanghai. MethodsWe selected 284 school children aged 8–11 years from a central area of Shanghai, China, in 2017. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to measure 20 antibiotics, including four human antibiotics (HAs), six veterinary antibiotics (VAs), 10 human/veterinary antibiotics (H/VAs), and three metabolites in first morning urine. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations of 17 variables related to demographic and socioeconomic factors, recent antibiotic use, drinking water intake, food consumption, and anthropometric measurements with the detection frequency of HAs, VAs, or H/VAs in urine. After daily intake was estimated, health risk was assessed for VAs and H/VAs by using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) based on microbiological or toxicological effects. ResultsThe detection frequencies of 20 antibiotics and three metabolites ranged from 0 to 27.8% with an overall detection frequency being 56.0%. The detection frequency of HAs increased with age and screen time at weekend. Sex, age, family income and screen time were positively associated with the detection frequencies of VAs and H/VAs. Children reporting antibiotic use in the past three months had a higher detection frequency of HAs. Children with a higher consumption frequency of dairy products had a higher detection frequency of VAs + H/VAs, but a lower detection frequency of HAs. An increased overall detection frequency of all antibiotics was seen in children with higher consumption frequencies of aquatic products, livestock and poultry meat, or milk and dairy products. HQ >1 was only found for ciprofloxacin (5.6%) and ofloxacin (0.4%) based on microbiological effect. HI >1 was found in 6.0% of children for microbiological effect and none was found for toxicological effect. ConclusionsPredictors for antibiotics in urine for children included sex, age, family income, screen time, clinical use, and animal-derived food consumption. There was potential health risk for children with exposure to antibiotics.

High dairy products intake reduces osteoporosis risk in Korean postmenopausal women: A 4 year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to identify the effect of dairy products, milk and yogurt on osteoporosis incidence among Korean postmenopausal women using prospective cohort data.MATERIALS/METHODSBetween 2001 and 2003, 10,038 participants were recruited in rural and urban areas for a baseline examination of a community-based cohort study. Of those, 1,573 postmenopausal women (aged 40–69 years at baseline) were eligible for the present study. Intakes of dairy products, milk, and yogurt were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The speed of sound at the radius and tibia were measured using a quantitative ultrasound device and osteoporosis was defined based on the WHO criteria (T-score ≤ −2.5).RESULTSDuring the 4-years follow-up study, the cumulative incidence of osteoporosis was 18.4% (273 cases) in the radius and 33.6% (407 cases) in the tibia. The subjects with higher frequency of dairy product consumption showed a decreased risk of radius osteoporosis after adjusting for potential confounders [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.80 for >1 time/day vs. non consumer; P for trend = 0.0027]. Similarly, high frequency of milk and yogurt consumption had a protective effect on radius osteoporosis risk [milk: HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.87 for > 5–6 times/week vs. non consumer (P for trend = 0.0130), yogurt: HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.85 for > 5–6 times/week vs. non consumer (P for trend = 0.0167)]. However, high dairy products consumption was not related with tibia osteoporosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that daily intake of dairy products could potentially reduce radius osteoporosis incidence among Korean postmenopausal women.

Increased urinary indoxyl sulfate (indican): new insights into gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease.

Changes in the composition of gut microflora have been associated with an increase in chronic diseases. Indican urinary concentration is one of the most common and easily assessable markers of intestinal dysbiosis. Little information is available on intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). We decided to investigate indican urinary concentrations in a cohort of PD patients. A case-control study including PD patients (N=68) on treatment with levodopa (PD) or on no pharmacological treatment (De Novo, DPD; N=34) and an age and gender-matched healthy control group (CTR; N=50). Main confounders, such as nutritional habits and constipation diagnosed according to Rome III criteria, were also investigated. Indican urinary concentrations were significantly higher in PD and DPD than in CTR (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). In PD patients the concentrations were unrelated to the presence of constipation, whereas this symptom was associated with higher concentrations in controls (P=0.043). The frequency of dairy product consumption was also positively associated with increased concentrations (P=0.008). Predictors of indican concentrations were sought by multivariate linear regression analysis. The higher indican urinary concentrations found in both DPD (P=0.045) and PD (P=0.023) patients persisted after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, constipation and consumption of dairy products. Gut dysbiosis seems to be an important issue in PD, independently of the presence of constipation and starting from the early stages of the disease. The role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of PD deserves further investigation.

Consumo de leite e derivados entre adultos e idosos no Sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional

This is a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the frequency of consumption of dairy products by adults and the elderly in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in accordance with demographic, social and economic characteristics. Frequency of dairy product consumption was obtained by means of a questionnaire containing short, straightforward questions. Information about the type of milk (cow's milk, soy, other) and the fat contained in the milk consumed (full-cream, semi-skimmed and skimmed) was also investigated. Heterogeneity, linear trend and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of regular dairy product consumption was 45.9%, and was 1.7 times higher among the elderly compared with 20 to 29-year-olds. Dairy product consumption frequency was higher among women, Caucasians and those with tertiary education. The economic level was significantly and inversely associated with the outcome. Nearly 98% of the sample drink cow's milk and 75.5% drink full-fat milk. About 26% of the adults do not drink milk and of these less than 20% consume dairy products daily. Dairy product consumption, especially low-fat products, should be encouraged among adults. Special attention should be given to younger individuals, males, and groups with less education and income.

Catch-Up Growth in Children Fed a Macrobiotic Diet in Early Childhood

To study the relationship between diet and growth, a longitudinal anthropometric study was conducted in a Dutch population consuming a macrobiotic diet. Measurements (anthropometry and food habit questionnaire) were taken in 1985 (0–7 y), 1987, and in 1993 (7–16 y, n = 209). Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric measures and changes expressed as the differences between 1993 and the mean of 1985 and 1987. Analysis indicated significant (P < 0.002) catch-up in height [(mean Z-score ± SEM) + 0.59 ± 0.07] and arm circumference (+0.34 ± 0.09) for age (boys and girls combined). In 1993, both girls and boys were still significantly (P < 0.05) below the reference for height and sum of four skinfolds for age, and girls were below reference for weight-for-height and arm circumference for age. In girls, multiple regression analyses showed a significant positive effect of the consumption frequency of dairy products on catch-up growth in height, weight and arm circumference, after adjustment for menarche, age, and baseline height, weight and arm circumference (P < 0.05). The addition of moderate amounts of dairy products to a vegan type of diet improved growth of children, especially girls.