Consumed Iron Supplements Research Articles

Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University

BackgroundCollegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes. ObjectivesTo characterize dietary intake and diet quality during a competitive season in female and male NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes from a single university. MethodsFemales and males (n = 14/sex) from the Florida State University cross country teams completed 9-d of food records across their competitive season. Nutrient intakes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States population [e.g., Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)] and athlete-specific guidelines. Diet quality was assessed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) using the 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Total daily energy expenditure was estimated from training records. ResultsCarbohydrate intakes were below athlete guidelines in 43% of females (mean ± SD, 5.67 ± 1.16 g·kg–1·d–1) and 29% of males (4.95 ± 1.05, P sex = 0.096). All participants met or exceeded athlete recommendations for protein (2.09 ± 0.425 g·kg–1·d–1, 1.92 ± 0.519, P sex = 0.36) and fat (32.8 ± 5.1% kcal, 34.4 ± 3.4%, P sex = 0.36). No participants met the RDA for vitamin D (5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d, 4.91 ± 3.24, P sex = 0.83). Only 79% of females and 36% of males met the RDA for calcium (1220 ± 307 mg/d, 1010 ± 296, P sex = 0.83). Most females (n = 13) and males (n = 11) consumed iron supplements where total intakes exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (110 ± 60.1 mg/d, 66.8 ± 36.3, P sex = 0.029). HEI-2020 indicated poor adherence to the DGAs, with better diet quality in females (65.3 ± 13.7) than males (50.6 ± 10.1, P sex = 0.0034). Participants failed to meet guidelines for all HEI-2020 food group components except total protein foods. Total daily energy expenditure was greater in males and declined across the competitive season (P sex < 0.0001, P time < 0.0001, P sex∗time = 0.25). ConclusionsNCAA Division I cross country student-athletes consumed inadequate carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin D but met or exceeded intake guidelines for protein, fat, and iron. Diet quality was poor; HEI-2020 component scores may indicate food groups to target to improve diet quality and intake of nutrients important to runners.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322.

Correlation of pregnancy duration with hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B, and hepcidin levels in healthy women

Background and objectives. Hepcidin levels always change during pregnancy, resulting in changes in iron hemostasis. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between length of pregnancy and concentrations of hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B and hepcidin in normal pregnant women. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jagir Community Health Center. A total of 30 pregnant women were respondents. Hemoglobin and Ret-He levels were measured using a hematology analyzer. IL-6, activin B and hepcidin were measured using ELISA. Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the adherent and non-compliant groups in consuming iron supplements on hemoglobin levels (p=0.0042) and IL-6 (p=0.019), while there was no difference in Ret-He levels (p=0.151), activin B (p=0.854) and hepcidin (p=0.189). There was a correlation between gestational age and IL-6 (r=0.207; p=0.273), activin B (r=0.15; p=0.121) and hepcidin (r=0.096; p=0.614). However, there was a negative correlation with hemoglobin (r=0.483; p=0.007) and Ret-He (r=0.505; p=0.004). Conclusion. It was concluded that increasing gestational age will result in a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in body iron reserves. However, pregnant women who comply with iron supplementation have at least high hemoglobin levels and low IL-6 levels.

Compliance with Iron Supplementation Consumption in Pregnant Women on Hematological Profiles and Ret-He

Fetal growth will increase the mass of maternal and fetal erythrocytes resulting in an increase in iron requirements, causing a decrease in maternal iron stores.A decrease in iron in the body will disrupt the formation of hemoglobin, because one of the components that forms it is heme which contains iron. the aim of our research is to study the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements regarding hematological features and body iron reserves through the Ret-He examination. This research is a cross-sectional study in 30 pregnant women for complete blood count (CBC), Ret-He and estradiol. There were differences in the concentrations of Hgb and MCHC (P-value &lt; 0.05) and there were no differences in the concentrations of Hct, RBC, MCV, MCH, RDW, Ret-He and estradiol (P-value &gt; 0.05). It was found that there was a relationship between estradiol and Hgb (P-value = 0.047; r = 0.366). Pregnant women who do not comply with taking iron supplements experience a decrease in Hgb and MCHC. The decrease in Hgb levels is strongly correlated with E2 levels in pregnant women who adhere and do not comply with iron supplementation.

TRAINING EMPOWERMENT OF CADRES BY USING CONTROL CARDS TO PREVENT ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DESA RANAH SINGKUANG

Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth, the nutritional needs of pregnant women increase both in quantity and quality of nutrition. The proportion of anemia in pregnant women increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. Anemia is linked to other health problems such as low birth weight, stunting, and child malnutrition. One of many ways to overcome the problem of anemia in pregnant women is by giving iron supplement. Pregnant women in Riau Province who received iron supplement decreased from 79% in 2018 to 65% in 2019. Therefore, it is necessary to empower cadres in preventing anemia, namely by using control cards of iron supplement consumption and education in the form of providing nutritional videos for pregnant women. The aim of this Community Service is to provide cadre training so that they will be able to educate pregnant women to increase knowledge, adherence to drinking iron supplement, and skills in processing foods high in iron. The training method used for cadres is lectures with educational media in the form of control cards, presentation handouts, showing videos on nutrition for pregnant women, and questions and answers.The training for cadres successfully improved cadre knowledge and skills, which now could educate and giving assistancy to pregnant woman consuming iron supplements and prepare high Fe foods. After receiving education from cadres, pregnant women's consumption of iron supplement increased significantly from previously not routinely every day due to forgetting or feeling nauseous after consuming iron supplement to becoming routine every day.

The Effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Anemia, and Compliance with Iron Supplement Consumption in Pregnant Women on Low Birth Weight

This study aims to determine the effect of chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with the consumption of iron supplement tablets by pregnant women with low birth weight. This research design was a case-control retrospective approach with a sample size of 33 people. The independent variables in this study were chronic energy deficiency, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption during pregnancy; the dependent variable was Low Birth Weight (LBW). Data collection using observation and interviews, statistical tests using the chi-square test. The results of the research were that there was an effect of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) (p=0.000) OR=94.5, anemia (p=0.019) OR=9.64, compliance with iron supplement consumption on LBW (p=0.009) OR=12.00. An OR value &gt; 1 proves that pregnant women with CED anemia and compliance with iron supplement consumption have a greater risk of giving birth to LBW children than mothers without CED are anemic and adhere to iron supplement consumption. The incidence of CED, anemia, and compliance with iron supplement consumption in pregnant women influence LBW. Prevention efforts need to be carried out through education and assistance from families in meeting the nutritional needs of pregnant women, as well as compliance in consuming iron supplements as recommended

Correlation between Knowledge and Attitudes of Female Adolescents Towards Compliance with Iron Supplements

The research aims to determine the correlation between the knowledge and attitudes of female adolescents toward compliance with consuming iron supplements at the Junior High School of SMPN 01 Long Bagun. This research was quantitative design research with a cross-sectional approach with a sampling technique using proportionate stratified random sampling. In selecting samples for each class, simple random sampling was used. The number of samples in this study was 79 female students at SMPN 01 Long Bagun, using questionnaires and interviews. Bivariate results show no significant relationship was found between knowledge and compliance with consuming iron supplements with a p-value of 0.2560 with r 0.129; also, no significant relationship between attitude and compliance with consuming iron supplements with a value of 0.0280.05 with r = 0.248. It is suggested that schools be able to carry out activities for drinking iron supplements together at school so that female adolescents can be controlled at predetermined and scheduled times and that the Community Health Center can provide counseling to young women on an ongoing basis and supervise schools regarding the implementation of drinking iron supplements together, as well as making efforts to carry out hemoglobin checks for them at school

Compliance with consuming blood supplement tablets can reduce the incidence of anemia in young women in Bengkulu City

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anemia is a public health problem throughout the world, globally the highest prevalence of anemia is in the Southeast Asia region at 46.6%, while in Indonesia it is 31.2%.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Objectives: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between adherence to blood supplement consumption and the incidence of anemia in young women in Bengkulu City.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The research uses a cross sectional approach. The sample was calculated using the Slovin formula, obtaining a minimum sample of 160 people. The independent variable is compliance with blood supplement tablet consumption, the dependent variable is the incidence of anemia, while the confounding variables in this research are knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and peer support. Data collection on hemoglobin levels used easy touch GCHb while data on compliance, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and peer support used a questionnaire. All data obtained were tested for univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis using the Chi Square test and Logistic Regression&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results of research using univariate analysis tests showed that respondents were anemic (14%) and respondents were not anemic (86%). Respondents did not comply with taking blood supplement tablets (27.5%) respondents complied (72.5%). The results of the bivariate analysis test were that there was a significant relationship between compliance and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls (p value 0.000 &amp;lt; 0.05). There is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and the incidence of anemia, and there is a significant relationship between peer support and the incidence of anemia as well as the results of the multivariate analysis test, namely the most influential variable is Compliance with PR value (119.214).&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions and research suggestions show a relationship between adherence to consuming blood supplement tablets and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls, so support from parents, health professionals, teachers and peers, as well as increased knowledge of the importance of adolescent girls consuming iron supplements are needed to increase compliance. taking blood enhancing tablets&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

The Effect of Alarm Use on the Awareness of Taking Iron Supplements (Haemoglobin Levels) as a Prevention of Haemorrhagic Postpartum

Anemia is one of the indirect causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage (HPP) during childbirth. The development of iron supplement alarm reminders can be used as an alternative intervention to increase awareness and consumption of iron supplements as a preventive measure against HPP. This study aims to analyze the Effect of Alarm Usage on Awareness in Consuming Iron Supplements (Hemoglobin Levels) as a Prevention of HPP in the Working Area of the Tempurejo Community Health Center, Jember Regency. The research employs a one-group pre-post-test design (pre-experiment) with a cross-sectional approach involving 30 respondents through Accidental Sampling. Data collection includes coding, editing, tabulation, and subsequent manual and computer-based analysis using Paired T-Test. Among the 30 respondents, the awareness of taking iron supplements before using the alarm showed non-compliance in 22 respondents (73.3%) and compliance in only 8 respondents (26.7%), with all 30 (100%) pregnant women experiencing anemia, either moderate (73.3%) or mild (26.7%). After the alarm was used, the number of respondents aware and compliant in taking iron supplements increased to 27 respondents (90%), with only 3 respondents (10%) remaining non-compliant. This was also indicated by an increase in normal Hb levels in 18 respondents (60%). The P-value was 0.000 and a = 0.05, meaning r &lt; a, indicating the influence of alarm usage on awareness in consuming iron supplements (hemoglobin levels) as a preventive measure against HPP. This is crucial for pregnant women to regularly consume iron supplements for safe and healthy childbirth. Midwives should consistently remind pregnant women to consume a minimum of 90 supplements during pregnancy and adapt to technological advancements by using gadgets familiar to the community

Effectivity of Pregnancy Paper Fan and Android Notification System Toward Knowledge, Attitude, and Adherence of Pregnant Women on Iron Supplements Consumption

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a kind of problem that most expectant mothers are dealing with. Consuming iron supplements is one kind of solution to lower the cases of anemia. However, the number of anemia in expectant mothers in West Sumatra is still high, 43% of them experience anemia in pregnancy and 52% of them did not adhere to consuming iron supplements. Purpose: Creating two kinds of media to motivate expectant mothers in consuming iron supplements, which are pregnancy paper fan and an Android notification system installed on their mobile phones, as well as to determine the effectivity of both media on knowledge, attitude, and adherence on consuming iron supplements. Methods: The population of this research is expectant mothers with a number of sample 110 respondents, where 55 respondents were intervened with pregnancy paper fan and 55 respondents were intervened by an android notification system. Results: The result of the bivariate analysis shows that the Android notification system has a significant impact on the adherence, knowledge, and attitude of expectant mothers on consuming iron supplements during pregnancy. However, the pregnancy paper fan has a significant impact only on knowledge and the adherence of expectant mothers on consuming iron supplements, while there is no significant impact on attitude toward consuming iron supplements. Conclusion: The use of the Android Notification System is effective on knowledge, attitudes, and compliance of expectant mothers on consuming iron supplements.

Socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia among non-pregnant and non-lactating women from low-income families in two selected districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India: a random forest analysis

Background: Anaemia is one of the most common public health challenges. The objective of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant and non-lactating women (NPNLW) (15-49 years) from low-income families and to assess the associations between socio-demographic and economic factors, and the prevalence of anaemia.Methods: Primary data of non-pregnant and non-lactating women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) from low-income families collected from two selected districts of Madhya Pradesh state, India were used. Inferential statistical tools like; multiple binary logistic regressions and random forest analysis were adopted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia.Results: The results revealed that prevalence of anaemia in both the districts are quite high at 60.8% (95% CI: 58.6%, 62.9%) in Vidisha to 63.7% (95% CI: 61.6%, 65.7%) in Raisen with mean haemoglobin levels of 11.27±1.92 g/dl in Vidisha to 11.24±1.70 g/dl in Raisen, which is close to &lt;12 g/dl cut-off based on WHO categorization. It was also found that those who are from the scheduled caste and other castes were less likely to be anaemic compared to those who were from scheduled tribes in Vidisha district. Majority of women not consuming iron supplements were found to be anaemic.Conclusions: Education was observed to be the most predominant factor inversely associated with anaemia. Age and the type of household were also found to be associated factors. Along with supplementation and nutrition education, fortification of foods is also recommended in addressing the anaemia burden.

The relationship between body image and tea drinking habits with anemia among adolescent girls in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia

Background and purpose: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Indonesia remains high. Poor nutrition is a risk factor of anemia among adolescent girls, which is likely related to food intake restrictions to achieve a desired body shape (body image), and the habit of drinking tea while eating which can affect the absorption of iron. This study aims to determine the relationship between anemia with body image perception and tea drinking habits among adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design carried out from March-May 2018, involving girls aged 15-18 years at high schools in Badung District. Two schools were selected from 44 high schools, then a sample of 106 students were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collected included hemoglobin levels measured with hematology autoanalyzer, nutritional status with anthropometric measurements, and data on socio-demographics, socio-economics, tea drinking and eating habits, menstrual pattern, helminthiasis, knowledge and perception of body image with face-to-face individual interviews. Data were analyzed using the Chi square test for bivariate analysis, and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin &lt;12 g/dL) in adolescent girls was 13.2%. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with anemia were poor knowledge about anemia with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=11.4 (95%CI: 1.6-83.1), no iron supplement consumption (AOR=14.7; 95%CI: 1.9-109.8), negative body image (AOR=30.6; 95%CI: 2.9-321.1), tea drinking habits while eating (AOR=52.2; 95%CI: 4.2-642.9) and excessive menstrual volume (AOR=17.1; 95%CI: 1.6-185.9). Conclusion: Negative perceptions of body image and tea drinking habits while eating increase the risk of anemia among adolescent girls aged 15-18 years. In addition, poor knowledge about anemia, a history of not consuming iron supplements and excessive menstrual volume can also increase the risk. These factors need to be considered when designing policies to reduce anemia among adolescent girls.

The effect of consuming iron supplements and continuous running exercises on the increasing level of hemoglobin

article: The effect of consuming iron supplements and continuous running exercises on the increasing level of hemoglobin - Gazzetta Medica Italiana - Archivio per le Scienze Mediche 2021 November;180(11):753-7 - Minerva Medica - Journals

ANEMIA OF PREGNANCY ASSESSED FROM THE COMPLIANCE BEHAVIOR OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN CONSUMING IRON SUPPLEMENTS IN THE WORKING AREA OF PITU HEALTH CENTER, NGAWI DISTRICT

Introduction: pregnant women with anemia are at high risk of bleeding which can cause serious complications to both the mother and the fetus. In Indonesia, maternal mortality due to bleeding due to anemia is quite high because many pregnant women disobidient to consume iron supplements. The study was to determine the relationship between the obedience behavior of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements with the incidence of pregnancy anemia in the working area of the Pitu Community Health Center, Ngawi Regency. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design and total sampling of 60 respondents. The data collection method was using a questionnaire and analyzed by using the Chi Squre test. Results: The results showed 18 respondents (30%) were at a high level of adherence with anemia condition 5 people (8.3%). Respondents with a moderate level of adherence were 34 people (56.7%) with anemia conditions 16 people (26.7%), and 8 respondents (13.3%) had a low level of compliance with anemia. The statistical test results obtained p value = 0.003 (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between compliance behavior of pregnant women in consuming Fe supplements with the incidence of pregnancy anemia

ADHERENCE TO IRON SUPPLEMENTATION INFLUENCES ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Women with pregnancy have a higher risk of developing anemia with iron deficiency.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This condition is due to the maternal body requirements for a significant iron, but the intake and storage of iron in the body are inadequate.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The aim of this study was to describe the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements and correlation with anemia in pregnancy.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This purpose of the study to describe the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements and their relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study is a descriptive correlation study with a case-control design.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with the consecutive sampling method, so that 68 respondents of pregnancy in their third trimester who routinely performed antenatal care (ANC) since the beginning of pregnancy at Puskesmas Jetis, Yogyakarta City in February 2019.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Chi-square statistical analysis (X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; test) with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;ρ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;) to determine the strength and direction of the correlation between anemia and respondent compliance based on the pill count method. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results showed that respondents who did not adhere with iron supplements had a significant relationship with the incidence of anemia (X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; = 11.56; p-value= 0.001 (p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;0.050)), odds ratio (OR) = 10.79; 95% CI 2.25-51.66 and has a positive correlation direction with moderate strength (ρ-value= 0.412, p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-value&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; = 0.001), so it can be concluded that pregnant women who are not adherent will have 10 times the risk of experiencing anemia (Hb 11.5 g/dL) during pregnancy.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Female Adolescents in attitudes and side effects of consuming iron supplements

As many as 27% of female adolescents in developing countries suffer from anemia. Anemia can have a big impact on the health of young women, especially pregnant women. The problem of anemia in adolescents needs to be overcome because teenagers will become pregnant women who of course need a healthy body more later. One effort is to take iron (Fe) supplements. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for attitudes and side effects of Fe tablets on the consumption of Fe tablets in female adolescents in high school. This study used a case-control study design. The population of this study was all young women who received Fe tablets at SMA Negeri 10 Kendari with a total of 85 students who were held from February 2020 to completion. The sample consisted of 40 people, namely 20 cases and 20 controls, the sampling technique was simple random sampling. The results showed that attitude is a risk factor for consuming Fe tablets, obtained OR = 6,000 (95% CI 1.458-24.686) and side effects of Fe tablets are a risk factor for consuming Fe tablets, the value of OR = 5.571 (95% CI 1.420-21.860) was obtained. It is necessary to increase communication, education, and information (IEC) in schoolchildren to increase positive attitudes and reduce the number of complaints of side effects of Fe tablets in school children.

Adolescent Knowledge of Anemia and Iron Supplement Consumption Before and After Health Education

The purpose of this study was to describe adolescent knowledge of iron supplement anemia and consumption before and after health education. This research was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design using pre-posttest without control. The material presented in the form of lectures and videos on 119 students at 16 senior high school in Pekanbaru. Pre and Post-test to evaluate the level of knowledge of adolescents. The results showed that before counseling 35.5% of adolescents had never consumed iron supplements. After the intervention, the increase in correct answers ranged from 0.8 to 21.9 percent, with the highest rating being on vitamins that help with iron absorption, beverages that inhibit iron absorption and cause anemia. The average score for adolescent knowledge before intervention is 6.46. The average score after intervention increased to 7.27. T-Test results showed significant differences in knowledge scores before and after the intervention. Teenage Health Care Services need to be established as adolescent health counselors so that they can motivate other students in adolescent reproductive health, especially in consuming iron supplements.

The relationship between body image and tea drinking habits with anemia among adolescent girls in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia

Background and purpose: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Indonesia remains high. Poor nutrition is a risk factor of anemia among adolescent girls, which is likely related to food intake restrictions to achieve a desired body shape (body image), and the habit of drinking tea while eating which can affect the absorption of iron. This study aims to determine the relationship between anemia with body image perception and tea drinking habits among adolescent girls.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design carried out from March-May 2018, involving girls aged 15-18 years at high schools in Badung District. Two schools were selected from 44 high schools, then a sample of 106 students were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collected included hemoglobin levels measured with hematology autoanalyzer, nutritional status with anthropometric measurements, and data on socio-demographics, socio-economics, tea drinking and eating habits, menstrual pattern, helminthiasis, knowledge and perception of body image with face-to-face individual interviews. Data were analyzed using the Chi square test for bivariate analysis, and multivariate using logistic regressionResults: The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin &lt;12 g/dL) in adolescent girls was 13.2%. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with anemia were poor knowledge about anemia with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=11.4 (95%CI: 1.6-83.1), no iron supplement consumption (AOR=14.7; 95%CI: 1.9-109.8), negative body image (AOR=30.6; 95%CI: 2.9-321.1), tea drinking habits while eating (AOR=52.2; 95%CI: 4.2-642.9) and excessive menstrual volume (AOR=17.1; 95%CI: 1.6-185.9).Conclusion: Negative perceptions of body image and tea drinking habits while eating increase the risk of anemia among adolescent girls aged 15-18 years. In addition, poor knowledge about anemia, a history of not consuming iron supplements and excessive menstrual volume can also increase the risk. These factors need to be considered when designing policies to reduce anemia among adolescent girls.

Iron and folic acid: natural, enriched, fortified, and supplements. Analysis of food sources in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.

Fortification and supplementation are two strategies for micronutrient deficiency prevention. The objective of this study was to describe the source of iron and folic acid intake throughout the life cycle in the population of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Analysis of the information collected in the First Survey on Nutritional Food Intake of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2011), which had a probability cluster sampling design. Consumption was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall. Iron and folic acid intake was estimated and categorized into natural content, enriched wheat flour, milk from the Maternal and Child Plan, fortified foods, and supplements. Out of the 5369 studied individuals, practically all got iron and folic acid from natural contents (58 % and 29 % of intake, respectively). More than 90 % consumed enriched wheat flour, which provided 28 % of iron and 54 % of folic acid. Fortified food consumption and intake varied greatly. Milk intake from the Maternal and Child Plan was small, even in specific groups. Intake from supplements was low, except in children < 2 years old (30 % consumed iron supplements, which accounted for 38 % of iron). In addition to natural intake from foods, enriched wheat flour accounted for a major source of folic acid and iron in this population; intake from fortified foods and supplements varied by age group.

Modul Pendampingan IbuHamil sebagai Inovasi Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pencegahan Anemia

Maternity deaths in pregnant women are associated with anemia. Efforts to overcome anemia in pregnant women have not achieved the optimum results. One of them is caused by the low level of pregnant women knowledge and adherence in consuming iron supplements and in this case family support is needed. The government has distributed iron suplementation but the knowledge of pregnant women and husbands regarding prevention of anemia is still lacking. To increase knowledge, it is necessary to have a accompaniment module for prevention of anemia. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in knowledge of pregnant women’s husband about prevention of anemia in pregnant women before and after the module was given.It used Quasi experiment research method pre-posttest with control group design. The treatment groupgiven health education using the module while the control group only provided health education without the module. The sample in this research were the husband of pregnant women in Independent Midwifery Practice, 47 respondents in treatment group and 47 respondents in control group . Data analysis used Wilcoxon. There was difference knowledge of pregnant women’s husband before and after the given module with p value 0.000.Giving module increase knowledge of pregnant women’s husband in anemia prevention.It was expected that health workers use module to increase pregnant women’s husband knowledge about anemia prevention.

Maternal iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age.

Studies of iron and its association with the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) show inconsistent results. Consuming iron supplements during pregnancy is controversial because of possible risks. This study assessed the association between iron intake and the risk of having an SGA newborn and whether iron intake is associated with gestational diabetes. A case-control study of 518 pairs of Spanish women who were pregnant and attending five hospitals was conducted. Groups were matched 1:1 for age (±2years) and hospital. Cases were women with an SGA newborn at delivery. Controls were women with normal-sized newborns at delivery. Data were gathered on demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, adverse habits (like smoking), and diet. A 137-item food frequency questionnaire was completed. Iron intakes were categorized in quintiles (Q1-Q5). Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. No significant relationship was found between dietary iron intake and SGA. A protective association was found for women receiving iron supplementation >40mg/day and SGA versus women not taking supplements (aOR=0.64, 95% CI [0.42, 0.99]). This association was identified in mothers both with (aOR=0.57, 95% CI [0.40, 0.81]) and without (aOR=0.64, 95% CI [0.64, 0.97]) anaemia. In women in the control group without anaemia, iron supplementation >40mg/day was positively associated with gestational diabetes (aOR=6.32, 95% CI [1.97, 20.23]). Iron supplementation in pregnancy may prevent SGA independently of existing anaemia but may also increase the risk of gestational diabetes.