Construction Of Theory Research Articles

Nyeruan: Traditional Medicine of the Sasak Tribe in the Perspective of Islam, Medicine and Legislation in Indonesia

This research aims to understand the history of the emergence of the traditional nyeruan healing tradition, how the treatment procession is carried out, how this treatment is in the view of Islam and modern health science. This research lasted for six months using qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. Determining informants in this study used snowball sampling. The data collection techniques use participant-observation techniques, interviews, documentation, and also triangulation. Data analysis in this research uses the Social Construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Tomas Luckman, and Herbert Blumer's Symbolic Intractionism theory. Based on the research results, it shows that the traditional healing tradition of nyeruan does not violate the laws and regulations in Indonesia, so the practice is still being preserved, especially among the Sasak community

The Perception and Implications of Bride-Wealth for Marital Relationship: Gender Analysis through Sukuma Oral Arts

This study examines perception and implications of bride-wealth among the Sukuma of Tanzania. The data, which were basically the Sukuma views and the discourse of their songs were collected using interviews and observations. The analysis and interpretation of the study findings was informed by the social construction theory of reality. Two specific questions; guided the study: What knowledge do the Sukuma have about the role and practice of bride-wealth? How do the Sukuma oral arts communicate the social practices of bride-wealth in the community? The integration of songs with people’s views facilitates understanding of the context in which bride-wealth is practiced and transmitted from one generation to another. It also highlights the efficacy of oral arts, specifically songs reflecting social reality. The study reveals that the cultural practice of paying the bride-wealth in the Sukuma, on the one hand, makes the married woman a man’s product as it ties all the movement of her life; on the other hand, it threatens men’s identity, especially those who cannot manage to pay it in full. Generally, the study demonstrates how oral arts provide knowledge on power relations resulting from the inherent social practices of marriage. This knowledge contributes to the understanding of gender status quo in African countries which is one the ongoing debates globally.

Implementation of Critical Literacy Learning in Primary Education Through a Simple Research Writing Project

Critical literacy skills are important for students to master. Literate students are students who have critical awareness of themselves and their environment so that they are able to critically and objectively solve problems. To form this mental attitude, the implementation of critical literacy learning needs to be constructed properly. Critical literacy learning is centered on texts and responses to texts that are realized through listening, reading, speaking, and writing tasks that are carried out in a balanced manner in a challenging task frame for students. Writing a research report requires objective analysis of the text and contextual problems found in the field, therefore research learning is one form of critical literacy learning. This research method is a qualitative method with an exploratory research type. This study aims to describe the implementation of critical literacy learning in elementary education. Data collection uses documentation, interview and observation techniques with the main instrument being the researcher himself. In collecting data on critical literacy learning planning, the researcher was assisted by additional instruments, the researcher used observation sheets, and semi-structured interview sheets with teachers and students. To ensure the validity of the data, triangulation of sources and methods was used. The results of the study show that the implementation pattern of learning constructed in critical literacy learning is to expose students to various readings to construct theories with meaningful experiences, understand readings by reviewing them from various perspectives, find contextual problems, and discuss contextual problems based on theory and objectivity. The assessment carried out by the teacher is an assessment that uses various forms with representative instruments. In addition, student involvement in the assessment will determine objectivity. Of the 5 criteria proposed to measure critical literacy skills, students have only reached the third stage, namely analytical. This happens because the learning process carried out by the teacher has not met the requirements of good feedback strategies, representative assignments and maximum facilitation from the teacher.

Feeling unwell of passenger travel by small vehicles and associated risk factors in the North Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia

The current study investigated how and why sociocultural structures, situational conditions, and personal behavioural factors cause passengers to feel ill when travelling by minibuses, drawing on ideas from the social construction theory of illness. A significant objective was to investigate associated risk variables that influence passengers’ feelings of illness related to the social environment, addressing their beliefs, meanings, practices, and behaviours. A survey method was used to obtain data from 384 passengers for the study. The results of logistic regression indicated that feeling ill when travelling by minibuses differed from passenger to passenger; then, they had their own set of practical and emotional challenges that had no known medical reason. Compared with male and older passengers, female and younger passengers were more likely to feel ill. Furthermore, stress and role-set effects increased passengers’ experiences of feeling ill more than did passengers who had no stress prior to the trip and who had only one role. Additionally, passengers who travelled intermittently, utilized suppression techniques to lessen travel discomfort, and fastened seat belts were less likely to experience symptoms of illness. Passengers who travelled on unsafe roads and used alcohol before travel, on the other hand, were more likely to feel ill than those who travelled on safer roads and did not use alcohol before the trip. The findings suggest that passengers should be aware of predisposing conditions that result in illness, be able to rest before travelling, and use all suppressive methods to reduce or prevent illness while travelling by small buses.

Internalizing Pancasila Values among the Younger Generation in Jakarta in the Context of the 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia

The internalization of Pancasila values among the younger generation is significant for a more in-depth study ahead of the 2024 presidential election in Indonesia. This has become a hot issue as material for study, especially after the 2024 presidential and vice presidential candidate debate took place. This research aims at 3 things: First, to inform the importance of internalizing the Pancasila values among the younger generation to welcome the 2024 election; Second, to instill Pancasila values in the younger generation in responding to currently developing political dynamics; Third, to strengthen implementation of Pancasila values in political ethics by socializing them among the younger generation to realize peaceful elections in 2024. The mixed method used for this research is quantitative data collection, using qualitative descriptive techniques with text analysis. The distribution of questionnaires conducted directly and online is based on the theory of social reality construction, with the concept of internalization being the focus. This research shows 3 things: First, the younger generation received information regarding the importance of internalizing Pancasila values in creating peaceful elections in 2024. Second, researchers succeeded in socializing the effort to instil Pancasila values in the younger generation in responding to political dynamics in the 2024 elections. Third, ethical politics in peaceful elections have been socialized by strengthening Pancasila values to make the situation more conducive to implementing peaceful elections. It is hoped that this research can become a consistent and sustainable national movement for the upcoming elections and prepare the younger generation to have a peaceful and constructive mentality.

Konstrusi Media Tentang Perempuan Pelaku Kejahatan Predator Seksual Anak

This study seeks to reveal gender bias in the headline news of kompas.com concerning the case of a woman perpetrator of sexual crimes against 11 children in Jambi. The research utilizes Peter L. Berger's social construction theory, Erving Goffman's framing, and Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic violence. Employing Robert Entman's framing analysis model, the findings of this study uncover that the portrayal of women is divided into three constructs imbued with gender bias. Gender bias arises due to the practice of symbolic violence. First, the female perpetrator of sexual crimes is depicted as engaging in unseemly, reprehensible actions that contravene societal values and norms. Second, the woman's vital body becomes a newsworthy asset that is advantageous. Third, the news exhibits ambivalence; on one hand, it provides information on preventing sexual crimes, while on the other hand, it inadvertently offers a tutorial-like narrative on committing sexual offenses against children.

On the Rate of Convergence of Ergodic Averages for Functions of Gordin Space

For an automorphisms with non-zero Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, a new class of $L_2$-functions called the Gordin space is considered. This space is the linear span of Gordin classes constructed by some automorphism-invariant filtration of $\sigma$-algebras~$\mathfrak{F}_n$. A function from the Gordin class is an orthogonal projection with respect to the operator $I-E(\cdot|\mathfrak{F}_n)$ of some $\mathfrak{F}_m$-measurable function. After Gordin's work on the use of the martingale method to prove the central limit theorem, this construction was developed in the works of Voln\'{y}. In this review article we consider this construction in ergodic theory. It is shown that the rate of convergence of ergodic averages in the $L_2$ norm for functions from the Gordin space is simply calculated and is $\mathcal{O}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}).$ It is also shown that the Gordin space is a dense set of the first Baire category in ${L_2(\Omega,\mathfrak{F},\mu)\ominus L_2(\Omega,\Pi(T,\mathfrak{F}),\mu)},$ where $\Pi(T,\mathfrak{F})$ is the Pinsker $\sigma$-algebra.

Construction of Multisensory Landscape and Integration of Soundscape, Smellscape and Lightscape in Traditional Chinese Gardens

This paper proposes the concept of multisensory landscape construction, pointing out that people’s perception and appreciation of a landscape is a process of overall impression and judgment formed with a combination of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and even thermal and humid sense. Examples can be found in many famous traditional Chinese gardens. Around the West Lake area, there are famous soundscape scenic spots, e.g., Liu Lang Wen Ying (Orioles Singing in the Willows), Nan Ping Evening Bell (Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill), Zhejiang Qiu Tao (Autumn Wave of Zhejiang), and Jiu Li Song Tao (Wave of Pine Trees Lasts Nine Miles) . There are also some famous lightscape scenic spots, e.g., San Tan Ying Yue (Moon and Candlelight Mirrored in the Lake) and Ping Hu Qiu Yue (Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn) . In terms of smellscape, in addition to the famous scenic spot Qu Yuan Feng He (Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer), the West Lake area is also widely planted with osmanthus and other fragrant plants, forming a smellscape in which "late autumn is fragrant with osmanthus flowers and lotus in bloom for miles and miles." At Humble Administrator Garden, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wu Zhu You Ju (Secluded Residence among Bamboo Bushes) and Liu Ting Ge (Pavilion to Pause and Listen); there are smellscape scenic spots such as the Orchid Field, the Magnolia Courtyard, the Panicum Pavilion, etc.; lightscape scenic spots such as Liu Ying Ge (Hall of Reflecting Shadows) and Ta Ying Ting (Pavilion of Shadow of Tower) can also be found there. In Chengde Summer Resort, there are soundscape scenic spots such as Wan He Song Feng (Wind of Ten Thousand Ravines and Pines) and lightscape scenic spots such as Xi Ling Chen Xia (Morning Sunset on West Ridge), etc.; smellscape scenic spots such as Qu Shui Hua Xiang (Fragrance of Flowers in the Curved Water) and Yuan Xiang Tang (Hall of Fragrance of Far Away) can also be found.The above classic cases eloquently prove that the creation of multisensory landscape and the integration of them are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which play an important role in the achievement of famous landscape.Therefore, the design of landscape must pay attention to the creation and integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape. Another key point of the theory of multisensory landscape construction is that it is necessary to pay attention to both spatial and temporal dimensions so that the constructed landscape can be enjoyed everywhere and at all time periods. In this regard, the creation of the three-scape (specifically refer to soundscape, smellscape and lightscape) can also highlight their regional and temporal characteristics. By analyzing some classic cases of traditional Chinese gardens, this paper proposes that the construction of multisensory landscape and the integration of soundscape, smellscape and lightscape are the valuable experience in traditional Chinese gardens, which are also important for the achievement of famous landscapes and are excellent traditions that we should vigorously inherit and carry forward.

Understanding how career identity as a moderator shapes the relationship between career commitment and success: a career construction theory perspective

Understanding how career identity as a moderator shapes the relationship between career commitment and success: a career construction theory perspective

The relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction, career adaptability and career construction in nursing students: A career construction theory perspective

AimTo determine (i) the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction (competence, relatedness and autonomy), career adaptability and career construction, (ii) the role of career adaptability in this relationship and (iii) the variables that predict career construction in nursing students. BackgroundCareer Construction Theory, which predicts that appropriate career behaviour, facilitated by individual characteristics, promotes a person's career outcomes, has not yet been tested in nursing students. DesignCross-sectional and correlational design. MethodsA total of 536 students who were reached through a snowball sampling method among nursing students in the 2022–2023 academic year in Türkiye constituted the sample of the study. Data were collected online using the Student Information Form, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form and the Student Career Construction Inventory. Data analysis was performed using Model 4 in Hayes' PROCESS Macro and hierarchical linear regression. ResultsAutonomy, competence and relatedness were found to have a direct significant effect on career adaptability and overall career construction score (p<.001). Career adaptability was found to have a partial mediating role in the effect of autonomy, competence and relatedness on overall career construction score (p<.001). When examining the predictor variables for the career construction score, it was found that some variables, such as not having willingly chosen the nursing profession, had a negative effect, while a positive effect was found in the need for competence from the basic psychological needs satisfaction subscales and concern and confidence from the career adaptability subscales (p<.05). ConclusionsNursing educators should ensure that nursing students receive career counseling during their education according to Career Construction Theory to make effective career decisions by allowing them to self-identify and self-discover. Accordingly, career guidance, career education and career counseling initiatives can be implemented in accordance with students' needs.

Conjecture : The Theory of Everything is Embodied by Fundamental Replicators (Femes)

This paper conjectures that fundamental reality, taken to be an interacting system composed of discrete information, embodies replicating information structures called femes. These femes are posited to interact to cause the laws of physics. We therefore extend Universal Darwinism to propose the existence of four abstract replicators: femes, genes, memes, and temes. We firstly consider the problem of fine-tuning, and problems with current solutions. A detailed background section outlines key principles from physics, computation, evolutionary theory, and constructor theory. The conjecture is then provided in detail, along with five falsifiable predictions.

Polymorphic Heterogeneous Polar Structure Enabled Superior Capacitive Energy Storage in Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics at Low Electric Field.

High-performance energy storage dielectrics capable of low/moderate field operation are vital in advanced electrical and electronic systems. However, in contrast to achievements in enhancing recoverable energy density (Wrec), the active realization of superior Wrec and energy efficiency (η) with giant energy-storage coefficient (Wrec/E) in low/moderate electric field (E) regions is much more challenging for dielectric materials. Herein, lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics are reported with giant Wrec/E designed with polymorphic heterogeneous polar structure. Following the guidance of Landau phenomenological theory and rational composition construction, the conceived (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ternary solid solution that delivers giant Wrec/E of ≈0.0168 µCcm-2, high Wrec of ≈4.71 J cm-3 and high η of ≈93% under low E of 280kVcm-1, accompanied by great stabilities against temperature/frequency/cycling number and excellent charging-discharging properties, which is ahead of most currently reported lead-free energy storage bulk ceramics measured at same E range. Atomistic observations reveal that the correlated coexisting local rhombohedral-tetragonal polar nanoregions embedded in the cubic matrix are constructed, which enables high polarization, minimized hysteresis, and significantly delayed polarization saturation concurrently, endowing giant Wrec/E along with high Wrec and η. These findings advance the superiority and feasibility of polymorphic nanodomains in designing highly efficient capacitors for low/moderate field-region practical applications.

Exploring the determinants of career success after expatriation: a focus on job fit, career adaptability, and expatriate type

Expatriation significantly influences the career paths of individuals after their international work experience. This study draws on person-environment fit and career construction theories to examine the role of job fit, career adaptability, and expatriate type in shaping both objective and subjective career success. Our 2020 sample comprised 191 expatriates who had worked abroad four to five years prior. This group included both self-initiated and assigned expatriates, as well as repatriates and re-expatriates, providing a broader scope than is typical in expatriation studies. The research reveals that job fit, career adaptability, and expatriate type substantially affect career outcomes. It also identifies that the type of expatriate moderates the relationship between career adaptability and objective career success. Our work extends the applicability of person-environment fit theory and career construction theory within the complex landscape of expatriate careers. The investigation not only deepens our understanding of the factors driving career success post-expatriation but also provides valuable insights to aid the effective management of international careers.

Nonlinear Normal Modes of Vibrating Mechanical Systems: 10 Years of Progress

Abstract This paper contains a review of the theory and applications of nonlinear normal modes, which have been developed during last decade. This review has more than 200 references. It is a continuation of two previous review papers by the same authors. The following theoretical issues of nonlinear normal modes are treated: basic concepts and definitions; application of the normal form theory for nonlinear modes construction; nonlinear modes in finite degrees-of-freedom systems; resonances and bifurcations; reduced-order modeling; nonlinear modes in stochastic dynamical systems; numerical methods; identification of mechanical systems using nonlinear modes. The following applied issues of this theory are treated in this review: experimental measurement of nonlinear modes; nonlinear modes in continuous systems; engineering applications (aerospace engineering, power engineering, piecewise-linear systems and structures with dry friction); nonlinear modes in nanostructures and physical systems; targeted energy transfer and absorption problem.

Porous interlocking assembly: performance-based dry masonry construction with digital stereotomy

Architected porosity in masonry structures can be created by transforming stock materials into a lattice of interlocking units through an automated batch process. Porous masonry forms numerous enclosed cavities for thermal performance and reduces material usage while maintaining structural integrity. This work investigates the potential and limits of digital tectonics of porous masonry through a complete process of design, manufacturing, and construction. The confluence of digital fabrication with tectonic exploration opens new dimensions unattainable by traditional stereotomy. Interlocking materials inspired by Abeille vault and digital stereotomy have made rapid progress. Following the theory of poetic construction, this work proposes that masonry construction should evoke visual or haptic enhancement through the fulfillment of pragmatic functions. We formulated a design challenge for a confined dry masonry wall for the envelope of the 2226 building. It assumes batch-cutting bespoke units out of large blocks of high-strength foam. Through a process of cutting and reassembling, the stock material is topologically expanded into a porous structure. A series of prototypes were developed to explore novel articulation, structural and thermal performance, and economical manufacturing. One can perceive the logic of porous construction through visual and haptic empathy. The materialization process interacts with the design masonry units and the interlocking mechanism. For future practice in masonry, the porosity should be planned at multiple scales (molecular scale, aggerate scale, construction scale) across the life cycle of the material.

Amaliyah and Struggle: Comparation of Interpretations of Muhammadiyah Sumbar and LDII Sumbar Towards Jihad Verses and Hadith

This study aims to describe the construction of religious institutions in West Sumatra, especially Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council (LDII) West Sumatra regarding the meaning of jihad, as well as to explain the attitude of these religious institutions towards acts of terror in the name of jihad. Qualitative methods were used in this study with data obtained through interviews, documentation, and literature studies, both from books, scientific articles, books, and news. Social construction theory of Peter L Berger to explain the construction of Muhammadiyah and LDII West Sumatra religious institutions about the meaning of jihad. The results showed that Muhammadiyah West Sumatra interpreted jihad in the form of Jihad Amaliyah. The concept of jihad was revealed in various forms of movement, namely Muhammadiyah as an Islamic Movement, Muhammadiyah as the Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Islamic Da'wah Movement, Muhammadiyah as the Tajdid Movement. The understanding of jihad is then internalized into various forms of programs ranging from da'wah, education, health, social services and humanity. The LDII defines jihad in the sense of struggle. This understanding of jihad can be seen in the internalization of the five West Sumatra LDII cluster programs. Both institutions both reject the meaning of jihad in the sense of war in the Indonesian context. The jihad that is carried out is moderate.

Effects of nursing intervention based on gratitude extension-construction theory on gratitude level, recurrence fear and post-traumatic growth of patients with breast cancer after surgery.

e23162 Background: To explore the effects of nursing intervention based on gratitude extension-construction theory on gratitude level, recurrence fear and post-traumatic growth of patients after breast cancer surgery. Methods: 104 patients with breast cancer treated in a large general hospital from August 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects, and randomly divided into control group and intervention group with 52 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, and the intervention group was treated with nursing intervention based on gratitude extension and construction theory on the basis of routine nursing intervention. The intervention plan included organizing patients to give motivational lectures before discharge, watching gratitude videos, and teaching patients to carry out positive memory, gratitude meditation and gratitude expression every day through bedside talk. After discharge, patients were instructed to conduct interest cultivation, gratitude expression, gratitude visit, gratitude diary and gratitude sharing through phone or wechat follow-up. After 12 weeks, the results were evaluated by general information questionnaire, gratitude level questionnaire, Cancer Recurrence Fear Scale, and post-traumatic Growth Rating Scale. Results: After intervention, the gratitude level of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.001), the total score and all dimension scores of fear of cancer recurrence were significantly lower than those of control group (P &lt; 0.05), post-traumatic growth score and all dimensions were higher than those of control group (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study established a set of scientific, practical and effective intervention program suitable for patients with breast cancer after surgery to improve the level of gratitude, alleviate the fear of cancer recurrence, and promote post-traumatic growth, and verified that the intervention program can effectively improve the level of gratitude of patients, especially in the aspect of gratitude around people and matters. It can also alleviate the fear of cancer recurrence, overall worry, health worry, female worry, role worry, death worry, etc. Post-traumatic growth has been significantly improved, especially in terms of personal strength and interpersonal relationship improvement. Under the general trend that breast cancer has become the largest cancer in the world, it is one of the effective ways to improve the psychological state of breast cancer patients, and it is worth promoting in breast cancer patients.

Not Even Absent: Dependent Origination, Emptiness, and the Two Truths in the Thought of Nāgārjuna

As one of the most pivotal thinkers in the history Mahāyāna Buddhism, the writings of Nāgārjuna have long attracted the attention of scholars aiming to interpret in declarative terms the meaning of the arguments contained therein. However, the very aim of such an endeavor that seeks to ascribe to Nāgārjuna a philosophical position is fundamentally at odds with the unwaveringly critical nature of his project. In order to illustrate the singular character of Nāgārjuna’s methodology, this article seeks to clarify three crucial points concerning his thought: (1) the central concept in his philosophical works, dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), ironically denotes the non-origination (anutpāda) of any entity (bhāva) whatsoever and is universal in scope; (2) emptiness (śūnyatā) is not a meaningful predicate of any entity, meaning that no entity exists that can be identified as being empty; and (3) the Two Truths (satyadvaya) are not a philosophically significant device for Nāgārjuna and subsequently do not provide a means by which to mitigate the radical consequences of his arguments. As a result, we can understand Nāgārjuna’s claim to have no postulative thesis (pratijñā) as a statement that he predicates no quality (dharma) of any subject (dharmin), and that his methodology is strictly critical, offering us no constructive theory by which to make sense of reality.

Look to the future, evaluators: Why we should incorporate futures and foresight into building and evaluating theories of change

AbstractThis article makes the case that the traditional construction of theories of change fails to adequately interrogate blind spots about the volatility of our current moment, or consider alternative futures. To substantiate this assertion, the authors draw from their roles as participant‐observers in developing a futures and foresight practice at Democracy Fund, a foundation focused on supporting an “inclusive, multi‐racial democracy that is open, just, resilient, and trustworthy.” The authors provide an overview of whether and how Democracy Fund's practice, which is structured around understanding how a system might respond to sources of disruption, has helped the organization prepare for significant change within a system—and develop theories of change that remain relevant. Authors discuss how the future studies and foresight methods they have used, which include scenario planning and trend‐sensing, deserve more widespread use in the evaluation community, particularly when it comes to developing and evaluating theories of change.

Advancing Organizational Science With Computational Process Theories

Organizational scholars commonly refer to organizations as complex systems unfolding as a function of work processes. Consequently, the direct study of work processes necessitates our attention. However, organizational scholars tend not to study work processes directly. Instead, organizational scholars commonly develop theories about relationships among psychological construct phenomena that indirectly reference people’s affective, behavioral, cognitive, and/or social processes as underlying explanations. Specifically, construct-oriented theories summarize processes in operation across actors, time, and contexts, and thus, provide limited insights into how focal phenomena manifest directly as a function of process operations. Construct theories remain one-step removed from articulating sequences of actions and two-steps removed from describing generative mechanisms responsible for observed actions. By “missing the action,” construct theories offer incomplete explanatory accounts and imprecise interventions. We assert that researchers in organizational science can make progress towards addressing these concerns by directing greater attention to developing computational process theories. We begin by presenting a framework for differentiating theories based on their focus (constructs versus processes) and modality (narrative versus computational). We use the framework to contrast narrative construct theories to computational process theories. We then describe key design principles for developing computational process theories and explain those principles using a leadership example. We use simulated data, from the computational process model we develop, to explicitly demonstrate the differences between construct and process thinking. We then discuss how computational process theories advance theory development. We conclude with a discussion of the long-term benefits of computational process theories for organizational science.