Dimensional Construct Research Articles

Development and validation of the physical effort scale (PES)

ObjectivesPrevious literature has primarily viewed physical effort as an aversive experience. However, recent research suggests that effort can also be valued positively. These differences in approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical effort may play a key role in the self-regulation of physical activity behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a scale that measures these tendencies and contributes to a better understanding of physical effort and how it affects behavior. MethodsThe Physical Effort Scale (PES) was developed in Study 1 based on expert evaluations (n = 9) and cognitive interviews (n = 10). In Study 2 (n = 680, 69% female), content validity and dimensional structure were examined using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Item reduction was conducted using item response theory. Preliminary construct validity was explored using regression. Study 3 (n = 297, 71% female) was used to validate dimensional structure, internal consistency, and construct validity, and to assess test-retest reliability. ResultsIn Study 1, 44 items were rated for content validity, of which 18 were selected and refined based on cognitive interviews. Analyses from Study 2 allowed reducing the scale to 8 items with a two-dimension structure: tendency to approach (n = 4) and to avoid physical effort (n = 4). The two subscales showed high internal consistency (α = 0.897 for the approach dimension and 0.913 for the avoidance dimension) and explained usual levels of physical activity, providing preliminary evidence of construct validity. Study 3 confirmed the two-dimension structure with high internal consistency (α = 0.907 and 0.916 for the approach and avoidance dimension, respectively) and revealed acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation >0.66). Patterns of associations with other constructs showed expected relationships, confirming the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale. ConclusionsThe PES is a valid and reliable measure of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort. This scale can assess the propensity to engage in physically demanding tasks in non-clinical populations. The PES and its manual are available in the Supplementary Material.

Behavior of Zn5Al hot-dip galvanized steel members under fire exposure

PurposeBased on the known positive effects of conventional hot-dip galvanizing under fire exposure and indicative results on zinc–aluminum coatings from smallscale tests, a series of tests were conducted on zinc-5% aluminum galvanized test specimens under fire loads to verify the previous positive findings under largescale boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe emissivity of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized surfaces applied to steel specimens was determined experimentally under real fire loads and laboratory thermal loads in accordance with the normative specifications of the standard fire curve. Both large and smallscale specimens were used in this study. The steel grade and surface conditions of the specimens were varied for both test scenarios.FindingsLargescale tests on specimens with typical steel construction dimensions under fire loads showed that the surface emissivity of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized steel was significantly lower than that of the conventionally galvanized steel. Only minor influences from the weathering of the specimens and steel chemistry were observed. These results agree well with those obtained from smallscale tests. The design values of zinc-5% aluminum melt (Zn5Al) required for the structural fire design were proposed based on the obtained results.Originality/valueThe novel tests presented in this study are the first ones to study the behavior of zinc-5% aluminum galvanized largescale steel construction components under the influence of real fire exposure and their positive effect on the emissivity of steel components galvanized by this method. The results provide valuable insights and information on the behavior in the case of fire and the associated savings potential for steel construction.

APPS-S: A Tool for Measuring the Attitudes Toward Prostitution and Women in Prostitution in the Spanish Population.

This study was designed with the purpose of testing the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Attitudes toward Prostitution and Prostitutes Scale through three studies with different samples. The first one explores the test's dimensional structure or constructs validity through confirmatory factor analysis, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The second one focuses on discriminant and criteria validity. Finally, the third one examines the scale's convergent validity and its sensitivity to detecting changes. The results support two subscales with an optimal index of internal consistency, structural stability over time, and discriminative power between groups of participants. It is, therefore, an adequate tool for adults as well as young people and teenagers, and for detecting changes in the context of intervention or awareness workshops.

The effect of light on a bioprinted co-culture system of murine rat islets and photosynthetically active microalgae

The co-cultivation of mammalian cells with microalgae is an innovative concept to overcome one major limitation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: shortage of oxygen. Under illumination, photosynthetically active microalgae can produce oxygen, consequently increasing the potential construct dimension. In such co-cultures, mammalian cells are exposed to light, which does not reflect their natural conditions and can negatively influence their viability and functionality.In this study, 3D extrusion bioprinted pancreatic murine Islets of Langerhans should be co-cultivated with the bioprinted green microalgae species Scenedesmus sp. to improve the oxygen supply of the Islets in a potential insulin-producing implant. After defining the microalgae partner and a suitable co-culture medium that supported the functionality of both cell types, the focus was put on the effects of long-term red, blue and white light illumination on this system. First, the direct influence of light of different wavelengths on both microalgae and different mammalian cell types was investigated to find an ideal illumination regime, followed by an investigation into the influence of light on the culture medium. It was found that long-term exposure to blue or white light is detrimental to mammalian cells itself as well as the medium, while long-wave light has no effect on the function of mammalian cells.

Veterans’ lived experiences with the VA's Whole Health system and perceived impact on dimensions of wellness

Research questionWhat are the lived experiences and wellness related outcomes of veterans engaged in the Department of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) Whole Health (WH) system of care? Theoretical frameworkThis qualitative work was conducted with a pragmatic phenomenological approach to understand patients’ lived experience within the WH system of care. Data were contextualized within a multi-dimensional wellness model. MethodologyThis descriptive quality improvement project used semi-structured telephone interviews. Interview script elicited veterans’ WH participation experiences and perceived wellness related outcomes. ContextData were collected within a WH Service, at a large Veterans Health Administration Hospital in the Southeast United States. Sample selectionData were collected with a purposive sample of veterans that participated in at least 2 WH activities. Data collectionPatients were recruited by WH clinical team collaborators to participate in qualitative data collection. Analysis and interpretationRapid content analysis and interpretation of results were conducted in alignment with dimensions of wellness constructs. Main resultsWH offers veterans’ non-pharmacological tools to improve mental, physical, and social wellness. Participants (n = 50) represented the larger veteran population. Most veterans perceived a positive WH experience with improvement of three primary dimensions including mental and emotional, physical, and social wellness – impacts on other dimensions gleaned less perceived impact. Veterans reported adopting mindfulness and coping strategies, better mobility, pain management, and sleep quality, and enhanced social engagement. Even those who did benefit personally from all aspects of WH, felt the services are needed to support the larger veteran population. Reduced suicidal ideation and pain medication use emerged as a WH effect among approximately 10% of the sample.

Authenticity: the state-of-the-art in tourism geographies

A leading concept in the field of tourism studies, authenticity has a unique relationship with tourism geographies. This state-of-the-art review focuses on this relationship. First, we identity key themes of authenticity research in tourism geographies: place and cultural heritage; place-based experiences; place and community identity. These themes capture ways that tourism geographies, bringing a spatial perspective to tourism place and people, engage with authenticity discourses, which emphasise the experienced and communicated meaningfulness of place and people. The evolution of this nexus of tourism geographies and authenticity towards richer, more nuanced, dynamic, and abstract understandings is shown. This advancement of the authenticity concept relating to tourism geographies is discussed as having enriched discourses around tourist experiences of and in place. Objective, subjective, and constructive dimensions of authenticity, have hereby been associated with the place-based experiences, activations, and social animations, of tourism geographies. Next, we investigate these themes to consider avenues that tourism geographies can advance the conceptualisation of authenticity, particularly through a focus on the production of space, co-creation practices, anti-tourism movements, and inclusivity. We propose these areas hold significant potential for future empirical and conceptual research considering the relations of place and people at the juncture of tourism geographies and authenticity.

Initial Construction of the Exercise Maintenance Motivation Scale: A Mixed-Method Study

This mixed-methods study aimed to develop and validate the exercise maintenance motivation (EMM) scale, designed to assess the motivation for maintaining exercise among fitness center (FC) members in Vietnam. The two-phase study was conducted to outline the development process of the EMM-FC scale, which is grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT). In the first qualitative phase, ten in-depth interviews and four focus groups (n = 39) were performed, identifying five components of EMM through content analysis. Following this, the scale’s content and face validity were assessed through a connecting step and pre-testing, which led to the elimination of 20 items, resulting in 40 statements. In the second phase, a cross-sectional survey (n = 280) was conducted to assess the factorial structure of the EMM-FC scale with Exploratory Factor Analysis. Findings yielded five construct dimensions with satisfactory psychometric indicators, including convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability of the EMM-FC scale. The 30-item EMM-FC scale covered five SDT-driven constructs, comprising of “Exercise achievements”, “Exercise environments”, “Exercise integration with life goals”, “Exercise enjoyment”, and “Workout-aholic”, explaining 61.3% of the variance. The scores of five constructs were positively correlated with the total scores of the scale and notably distinguished between exercise maintainers and non-exercise maintainers. Further research is required to thoroughly assess the scale’s robust psychometric properties to be applied in future practical research for exercise maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-04-06 Full Text: PDF

Perfusability and immunogenicity of implantable pre-vascularized tissues recapitulating features of native capillary network.

Vascularization is a key pre-requisite to engineered anatomical scale three dimensional (3-D) constructs to ensure their nutrient and oxygen supply upon implantation. Presently, engineered pre-vascularized 3-D tissues are limited to only micro-scale hydrogels, which meet neither the anatomical scale needs nor the complexity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) environments. Anatomical scale perfusable constructs are critically needed for translational applications. To overcome this challenge, we previously developed pre-vascularized ECM sheets with long and oriented dense microvascular networks. The present study further evaluated the patency, perfusability and innate immune response toward these pre-vascularized constructs. Macrophage-co-cultured pre-vascularized constructs were evaluated in vitro to confirm micro-vessel patency and perturbations in macrophage metabolism. Subcutaneously implanted pre-vascularized constructs remained viable and formed a functional anastomosis with host vasculature within 3 days of implantation. This completely biological pre-vascularized construct holds great potential as a building block to engineer perfusable anatomical scale tissues.

Criminal thinking as a bipolar dimensional construct: Testing the risk-promotive status of the PICTS proactive and reactive criminal thinking scales.

This study sought to assess whether two scales from a criminal thinking inventory displayed bipolar properties such that high scores on these scales reflect a risk effect and low scores a promotive effect. To test this hypothesis, the proactive criminal thinking (PCT) and reactive criminal thinking (RCT) scales from the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) were organized into three categories-top 25% of scores (high group), the middle 50% of scores (intermediate group), and bottom 25% of scores (low group)-and crossed with preincarceration (prior convictions and age at first conviction), peri-incarceration (total and aggressive institutional infractions), and postincarceration (revocation and rearrest) outcome indicators. Participants for this study were 3,039 male inmates who completed the PICTS while confined in a medium-security federal prison. Results showed that the PCT and RCT each achieved a mixed (risk and promotive) effect for four out of six outcomes. Of the four unipolar effects, PCT achieved a promotive effect but not a risk effect for the two preincarceration outcomes, whereas RCT produced a risk but not promotive effect for the two postincarceration outcomes. These results provide support for the notion that PCT and RCT are primarily bipolar dimensional constructs in which high scores are associated with negative criminal justice outcomes and low scores with positive criminal justice outcomes, although there may be unipolar aspects to each scale as well. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Çeşitlilik, eşitlik ve kapsayıcılık konusunda bir içerik analizi: Colgate & Palmolive'in yıllık raporları

Globalization leads companies to discuss diversity, equity, and inclusion as a daily topic. This study concentrates on Colgate-Palmolive and its diversity, equity, and inclusion reports. The aim of the study is to provide insight into how Colgate-Palmolive constructs dimensions of diversity, equity, and inclusion and its comparison with the literature framework. Content analysis is conducted on diversity, equity, and inclusion reports to create a deeper understanding. Findings reveal that “ethnicity, race, gender, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, ability” are over-emphasized while “religion, age, educational background, and parental status, income, appearance, personal-recreational habit, marital status, neuroticism, work experience” are less or hardly mentioned for diversity dimension. “Pay parity, sexual orientation” are too often mentioned for equity dimension as “pregnancy, maternity, civil partnerships, psychological safety” are relatively less seen dimensions in reports. Also great importance is given to inclusion for integrating differences and creating a culture of belonging through many inclusive practices. The insights generated from our study have the potential to contribute to the diversity management literature with new dimensions and to assist practitioners to locate DEI dimensions in their companies.

Personality disorders: the impact of severity on societal costs.

Personality disorders (PDs) are associated with high levels of societal costs. However, previous research has found limited or no evidence of unique contributions of individual PD categories on the overall level of societal costs. Recent research supports the validity of PD as a dimensional construct, and PD severity may be a better predictor of societal costs than specific PD categories. The aim of this study was to explore if PD severity could predict the level of societal costs among treatment-seeking patients with PDs, while controlling for the impact of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders. Four different severity indicators were explored: the number of PDs, the total number of PD criteria, the number of BPD criteria, and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) from the alternative model in DSM-5. Participants (n = 798/794) were retrieved from the quality register of the Norwegian Network for Personality Disorders for the period 2017-2020. Societal costs were assessed using a structured interview covering the six-month period prior to assessment. Diagnoses and diagnostic criteria were determined using a semi-structured diagnostic interview (SCID-5-PD and M.I.N.I), and the LPFS was assessed by the LPFS-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) questionnaire. Statistics included multiple regression analyses. None of the severity indicators were significant predictors of overall societal costs among treatment-seeking patients, and effect sizes were small.

Emotional intelligence as a conduit for improved occupational health safety environment in the oil and gas sector

To address the issue of promoting occupational health and safety at the workplace, this study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of four different dimensional constructs of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on the influence Occupational Health and Safety Management Practices (OHSMP) hold on safety performance and workplace accidents among oil and gas workers. The study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 699 respondents from the three major government-owned oil and gas organizations. The multiple standard regression and bootstrapping mediation methods were used for data analysis after subjecting the data to exploratory and confirmatory factor assessments. Results indicated that OHSMP significantly predicts EI, safety performance, and workplace accidents. Again, EI was found to predict safety performance and workplace accidents significantly. Results also indicated that all the construct dimensions for measuring EI significantly explain the relationship between OHSMP and safety performance, as well as the influence of OHSMP on workplace accidents. The theoretical basis for these findings is that workers with high-level EI are likely to cope with occupational health and safety lapses or safety-related challenges at the workplace by participating and complying with the organization’s safety management practices or procedures. Such employees are likely to exhibit safe working behaviors and contribute to improving safety performance in the organization.

A multidimensional examination of children's endorsement of gender stereotypes

AbstractThe present research applied a multidimensional framework to the study of gender stereotypes by investigating whether elementary school children display different levels of endorsement when considering distinct gender stereotype constructs (ability, category, and interest) and feminine versus masculine stereotypes. Study 1 (N = 403) compared children's ability and category beliefs using a set of gender‐neutral skill items. Study 2 (N = 539) extended this research by examining whether children showed different patterns of ability and category decisions for feminine versus masculine occupational items. Study 3 (N = 974) furthered our understanding of the construct dimension by comparing children's interest and ability decisions within the STEM domain. Findings revealed that older elementary school children endorsed ability stereotypes more strongly than category stereotypes and, across all age groups, children endorsed interest stereotypes more strongly than ability stereotypes. Findings also revealed age differences in how children think about masculine versus feminine stereotypes. For masculine stereotypes, younger children showed stronger endorsement than older children; however, for feminine stereotypes, the reverse pattern was found such that older children showed more stereotyped thinking than younger children. The present study illustrates the benefits of employing a multidimensional framework to gain a more nuanced understanding of how children apply their increasing knowledge of gender stereotypes.

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others: The Role of Psychological Distress and Wellbeing.

We addressed construct validity and explored the relationship between self-compassion and compassion for others using the two main current operationalizations of compassion (Neff's and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales, SOCSs). Relationships with psychological distress and wellbeing, and potential differences in the association between self-compassion and compassion for others by level of psychological distress and wellbeing were also explored. Participants (n = 811) completed the Spanish adaptations of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Compassion Scale (CS), the SOCSs (for the self/others), the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). We fitted bifactor models to estimate the general factor of each construct for the different operationalizations, and calculated correlations between them. Relationships between self-compassion and compassion for others from the same operationalization were intermediate, while those between the same constructs from different operationalizations were large. Both constructs showed positive associations with wellbeing, while only self-compassion was associated with decreased psychological distress. Participants with good mental health showed higher associations between self-compassion and compassion for others than those with poorer mental health. Self-compassion and compassion for others appear to be dimensional constructs that can converge or diverge. When they converge, it is associated with better mental health.

Enabling productivity goals through construction 4.0 skills: Theories, debates, definitions

Construction 4.0, derived from Industry 4.0, was introduced to the construction industry as a means of addressing current issues and enhancing industry productivity. Adoption of this concept has placed a significant demand on Construction 4.0 skills, as the industry is undergoing a transformation that calls for new strategies and specialized skill sets. While Construction 4.0 promises significant productivity gains, its widespread adoption often overlooks the crucial role of specialized skills, leading to a mismatch in expected outcomes. The often-underexplored theoretical dimensions of Construction 4.0 skills has the potential to bridge the gap between these skills and formulation of productivity goals and achieving them, highlighting the profound importance of understanding and integrating these skills in the context of Construction 4.0. While there has been a recent interest in Construction 4.0 skills across various national contexts, the theoretical dimensions of skills within the realm of Construction 4.0 remains unexplored. Therefore, this study examines the definitions, interpretations, and theories of skills within the context of Construction 4.0. Through a conceptual review of existing academic literature and policy documents, this research offers profound understanding of defintions and how the theories of Construction 4.0 intersect with skills development and thus impact the formulation of productivity goals. The definitions of Industry 4.0/Construction 4.0 formulated in various national frameworks are defined in accordance with their geographical, social, and cultural contexts and that have distinct production aims and scopes. The identified theoretical underpinnings of Construction 4.0 include digital building ecosystem, lean construction, circular economy, smart cities, and skills-related theories such as social learning theory, human capital theory, cognitive load theory, situated learning theory, and lifelong learning theory. The examination brings forth novel insights that promise to shape the future of Construction 4.0 skills development. By bridging the gap between theoretical constructs and productivity goals (labour efficiency, process efficiency, time efficiency, waste reduction, energy and water efficiency) within the context of Construction 4.0, this study offers a fresh perspective that integrates technology, sustainability, and collaboration to propel productivity goals. The research also emphasizes the varying prioritization of Construction 4.0 skill sets in different national contexts, and underscores the need for sector-specific frameworks for Construction 4.0 skills. Moreover, potential avenues for future research in the field of Construction 4.0 skills include perspectives of workers, real-world impacts on the industry, policy advancements, skills frameworks, ethical evaluations, and scenario planning.

Empirical Investigation into ICT Services Evaluation Within a Public Institution

The aim of the paper is to investigate the quality of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services provided to employees in a public administration organization. The Region of Central Macedonia (RCM) was chosen as the examined enterprise/organization. The provider of these services is exclusively the Department for Transparency and eGovernment (DTeG). After a presentation of the theory behind service quality measurement in general and in ICTs specifically, a quantitative research was carried out, utilizing a SERVPERF-derived, ICT-adapted, short form 13-item/4-dimension instrument approach. This research indicated that RCM employees value both the quality of the ICT services, as well as the satisfaction from them, as provided by DTeG, highly. The adapted SERVPERF instrument exhibited high internal consistency values, as well as strong correlation between its items and the overall perceived quality and satisfaction. Dimensionality tests indicated that two dimensions of the service quality constructs are measured: a combined “reliability”, “responsiveness” and “assurance” dimension and an “empathy” one. the findings can be used by the targeted organization to improve the quality of ICT services and better meet the needs of their users.

When healers get wounded! Moral injury in healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

Moral injury (MI) is a multi-faceted and multidimensional phenomenon. Occupational MI has been studied mainly among military personnel and first responders and is linked to mental health problems. MI encompasses negative moral emotions such as shame, guilt, and anger leading to distress, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. The COVID-19 pandemic predisposed healthcare providers to moral dilemmas, potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), and MI. We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of MI in healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted in July-October 2021 among physician/clinician staff working at teaching hospitals in Lahore. The Moral Injury Symptoms Scale-Health Professionals (MISS-HP) was used to collect data. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis applying Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests on non-normally distributed data at α = 0.05. Predictors of MI were ascertained through Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Four hundred and twenty physicians responded to the questionnaires. The Median (IQR) MI scores were 37(28-47). Guilt, moral concerns, and shame were higher-scoring MI dimensions. 40.8% (n = 171) suffered from clinically significant distress and impaired functioning while 14.3% (n = 60) from severe distress. Gender, department, and history of psychiatric illness predicted higher levels of distress which were 1.9 times higher in females than males and 2.5 times higher with a history of psychiatric illness. Working on the front lines did not predict MI. Our findings highlight the substantial burden of MI in our sample during COVID-19, having implications for healthcare providers' well-being, healthcare quality, and service delivery. This calls for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to better prepare for future disasters through effective human-resource policies, pre-trauma exposure soft-skills training, effective teamwork and communication strategies; self-stewardship and resilience modules, and mental health support for healthcare providers. The dimensional construct of MI may vary across cultures; hence we recommend further cross-cultural research on MI in healthcare providers, particularly in the context of public health disasters.

A complementary approach to measure construct validity of WHO QOL BREF in Indian multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients through psychometric property and factor analysis

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) affects the physical, psychosocial and inter-relationship structure and thus quality of life (QoL) of an individual. WHO QOL BREF is presumed to capture the QoL construct. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy and construct of WHO QOL BREF from a psychometric perspective and complements and converges findings through classical test theory. Methods: The instrument validity study was conducted in a district of Central India amongst the microbiologically confirmed MDR TB cohort of year 2017 (n=98). We calculated global and domain-specific Cronbach alpha and Inter-domain Pearson correlations. The dichotomized items were fitted through Rasch model for item endorsement, response pattern and for variation inconsistencies. Item Characteristic Curves and person item maps were also plotted. We performed DIF (Differential Item Functioning) to check the effect of subgroups on underlying traits. This was complimented with an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using oblique ProMax rotation. The optimum number of factors were identified by Scree plot and parallel analysis approach and the emerging factor structure was compared with the result obtained through the Rasch model. Results: The global Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.96). Social relationship domain had poor correlations with all three domains (r=0.42, r=0.41 r=0.58), higher beta values and less discrimination. DIF showed a differential response by gender. There was a visual clustering and a non-uniform distribution of items across the perceived QoL. A 3-factor model emerged through EFA and was reframed on the notion of self-concept. Items related to pain, medical aid had significant misfit and weak factor loading while items of sexual activity and social support had relatively poor performance in Infit, Wald, DIF on factor loading parameters. Conclusions: The study indicates the possible deviation of scale from theorized dimensional construct in Indian MDR TB context more with the items of the social relationship domain.

Exploring digital competencies domain and elements for information technology graduates in Malaysia

<span lang="EN-US">This paper explores the reliability of an instrument to evaluate digital competencies domain and elements for polytechnics’ information technology (IT) graduates in Malaysia towards future industrial revolution using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). This study thereby obtained 146 items from the previous phase (industries experts’ interview) which was later developed according to the study’s objectives. Experts validated the items, and after that, a pilot study was executed with 102 randomly chosen Polytechnics’ IT lecturers from four Malaysian Polytechnics as the respondents for this study. Four domains had been decided which are Personal Effective Competencies, Functional Competencies, Essential Competencies, and Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR) Competencies. Elements for each domain were created using the EFA, in which internal reliability was achieved for all construct dimensions. There were 15 elements gained through EFA for those four domains.</span>

Methodological and epistemological determinants of approaching Quranic terminology

The Qur'anic term has a constructive dimension within the Qur'anic system, which must be taken into account in order to reach the truth of the Qur'anic term. Through these methodological and cognitive approaches, we conclude that the approach to Qur’anic terminology is unique in its study from others because of its characteristics that should be represented by the researcher in his study of Qur’anic concepts, because the Holy Qur’an is a cosmic and universal discourse that is characterized by its comprehensiveness and encompassing, and its continuity in giving over time. They cooperate in a tight format that prevents distortion and alteration. The search results can be displayed as follows: The Qur’anic term has been known with great care since the revelation of the revelation, as scholars have made good efforts in approximating its connotations and purposes, which necessitates referring to it in order to define it and stand on its approach and value. The approach to the Qur’anic terminology needs a sober scientific approach that controls the terminological and conceptual study of the words of revelation, in order to understand the purposes and values ​​of the Qur’an as a prelude to purifying man and ending with building urbanization.