Construction Tasks Research Articles

Satellite measurement errors and their impact on determination of point coordinates

Modern surveying is evolving rapidly, applying new technologies and measurement techniques. Today, the use of satellite equipment is an integral part of geodetic engineering work. Widespread use of GNSS-technology in engineering tasks in construction and land management to establish the boundaries of municipalities and other administrative-territorial entities, boundaries of land plots with fixing such boundaries by landmarks and determination of their coordinates became possible thanks to their global availability. At any time of the year, practically 24/7, under conditions of open radio horizon, it is possible to determine coordinates of any object. Satellite equipment offers not only the accuracy required, but also the ability to carry out the work in a shorter time. Today, geodetic GPS receivers can safely be considered the most efficient and advanced equipment for accompanying engineering and surveying surveys, even despite its high cost.

Applying Dynamic Geometry Environment Software as a Visualization Tool for Teaching Planimetry Construction Tasks

The present study addresses a notable gap in the current pedagogical research by rigorously examining the impact of Augmented Reality (AR) on mathematics education, specifically focusing on two-dimensional (2D) plane geometry construction tasks. Our primary aim is to discern and articulate the unique contributions of AR as a pedagogical tool in this domain. Employing a quasi-experimental design, we engaged with 141 high school students, dividing them into two distinct groups: one receiving instruction through AR tools and the other via traditional teaching methods. Performance metrics were derived from pre- and post-construction tests as well as an attitudinal survey gauging students’ perceptions of AR. Our findings reveal that the AR-facilitated group showcased a marked improvement in post-test scores and exhibited a more positive attitude towards AR technology compared to the traditionally taught cohort. This point towards AR’s potential to significantly elevate comprehension and engagement levels in 2D geometry construction. The study further highlights the transformative potential of AR in bolstering students’ enthusiasm and curiosity in mathematical endeavors. The results presented herein emphasize the pressing need for extended research to gauge AR’s broader and sustained effects in mathematics education and its applicability across various mathematical disciplines.

Discussion on the ecological theory and technological approaches of ecosystem quality improvement and stability enhancement.

Improving ecosystem quality and stability is one of the urgent tasks of national ecological environment construction. However, the ecological theory of ecosystem quality and stability has not been well clarified. Based on the summary of influencing factors and interaction between ecosystem quality and stability, we discussed the ecolo-gical theory on the evolution of ecosystem quality and stability from the perspectives of self-organization of biological agglomeration and structure nesting, correlation of ecological elements and coupling of ecological processes, ecosystem integrity and function emergence, ecological service spillover and efficiency tradeoff, synergy and interactions between resource supply capacity and environmental suitability, as well as interactions between spontaneous change and human activities. Technologies approaches and management strategies were proposed from the aspects of ecosystem macro-pattern adjustment, protected natural areas system construction, regional complex ecosystem comprehensive management, degraded ecosystem restoration, damaged ecosystem reestablishment, typical ecosystem process management.

Influence of subtitle base stabilization with geogrids on the deformability of the earth bed during thawing

In this research papers, several fundamental questions connected with the assessment of the influence of subgrade stabilization using the geogrid reinforcing method on deformability of subgrade during thawing are considered, as also the basic provisions of methods of calculation of the stress-strain state of subgrade reinforced by geogrids during thawing. Several practically significant tasks, such as reduction of general deformability, reduction of uneven distribution of deformations, increase of bearing capacity, and ensuring the stability of earth bed during thawing, can be solved by using modern geomaterials in the construction of earth bed. In order to determine the degree of change in the deformation characteristics of the ground reinforced with planar geomaterials under varying factors of structural, operational, and technological nature, a series of laboratory stamping tests were performed. The test outcomes showed an increase in the total deformation modulus of reinforced soil, depending on the realized variant of reinforcement, under the condition of full inclusion of geomaterial in the work under load, and being the most essential for recompacted soils. The paper proposes a method of accounting for the influence of reinforcing layers of geomaterial on the deformability and bearing capacity of the earth bed during thawing using a conventionally homogeneous equivalent layer with parameters determined by the outcomes of die tests. The proposed method of calculating the stress-strain state of an earth bed reinforced with geogrids during thawing is based on the use of the finite element method and is an effective tool for solving practical tasks of railway construction, including permafrost conditions.

Current Situation Of Supply And Demand Of Mental Health Services For Community Residents In D City And Suggestions On Countermeasures

The important task of community construction in China in the new era is to establish a scientific and effective community mental health service model, which plays an important role in improving the psychological quality of community residents and having a happy and beautiful life. On the basis of analyzing the current supply and demand situation of mental health services for community residents in D city and investigating the mental health status of community residents, countermeasures and suggestions for improving the construction of community mental health service system are proposed.

Internet Platform Enterprises and Farmers Digital Literacy Improvement

Agricultural and rural informatization is the strategic commanding heights of agricultural and rural modernization, and the improvement of farmers' digital literacy is the core task of digital rural construction. In the digital age, the development of the platform economy has given Internet platform enterprises a new connotation of social responsibility to improve farmers' digital literacy. By strengthening platform governance to enhance farmers' willingness to use digital, promoting science and technology for good to enhance farmers' digital use skills, and innovating digital services to enhance farmers' digital use effects, Internet platform enterprises ultimately achieve the purpose of improving farmers' digital literacy.

The Path of Ideological and Political Construction in University Physical Education Curriculum Based on the Concept of Collaborative Education

Talent cultivation is the fundamental task of higher education, and cultivating morality and talent points the way for higher education teaching. The resonance between ideological and political courses and curriculum ideological and political education has jointly built a strong theoretical foundation for talent cultivation in the new era. The ideological and political education in university physical education courses should follow the development laws of higher education and keep up with the times. It takes moral education as its fundamental purpose, collaborative education as its basic concept, three-dimensional diversity as its main structure, and explicit education as its main method. Guided by the concept of collaborative education, building and improving the ideological and political construction of physical education courses is the key to deepening the reform and construction of physical education courses. This is an important task for the future construction of the physical education curriculum system, and also an important way for university physical education courses to contribute to the construction of the entire curriculum ideological and political system.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ТОННЕЛЬНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ НА ПОРОДЫ ПРИКОНТУРНОГО МАССИВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДА КОНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

The relevance of conducting research in the field of ensuring the safety and operational reliability of existing subway tunnels falling into the zone of influence of new construction based on mathematical modeling methods is substantiated - the relevance and priority of this direction is emphasized by rapidly developing environmental and industrial safety requirements for the sustainable and efficient development of new underground construction sites, taking into account the existing and functioning infrastructure. The main components of the scientific and methodological substantiation of technological solutions in the field of safety and operational reliability of existing subway tunnels that fall within the zone of influence of new construction have been developed methodology (algorithm, iterations, production rules, system of restrictions and boundary conditions, software package), characterized by the updated presence of the apparatus of numerical modeling of related geomechanical tasks in underground construction of tunnel structures and the possibility of their management and regulation.

Laboratories for Organizing People: Selected Essays on Art and Byt

Laboratories for Organizing People: Selected Essays on Art and <i>Byt</i>

МОДУЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ВЫБОРУ ГИДРОИЗОЛЯЦИОННОГО РЕШЕНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНОЙ ЧАСТИ ЗДАНИЯ

Stable and long-term operation of buried foundations, tunnels and underground structures requires maximum protection against groundwater. Modern waterproofing methods are quite effective in protecting underground space from flooding and destruction of concrete structures. However, 95% of newly constructed facilities have problems associated with a violation of the waterproofing. The development and implementation of new technologies for waterproofing, digital monitoring and early warning systems for violations of the integrity of waterproofing systems is an urgent task of construction and production activities, it requires the development and improvement of relevant research methods. The purpose of the research in this article is to develop a methodology for choosing a rational option for waterproofing the underground part of the building. The main result of the study is the development of an algorithm for determining a rational and optimal option for waterproofing the underground part of a building based on a modular approach that allows you to justify and select the best technology for installing or repairing waterproofing of the underground part of buildings in operation, taking into account various conditions at the design stage. The developed methodology includes three modules of the system for choosing a design solution: determining the economic effect when the construction site and accounting for operating conditions; determination of the terms of installation and terms of repair during the subsequent operation of the building. The proposed methodology can be considered as a concept for the development of approaches to quality assessment indicators.

Discussion of the Routes of the Future Trans-Siberian Railway in Russian Scientific and Technical Societies in the 1870s - early 1890s.

The search for the optimal route of the Trans- Siberian Railway took more than a decade in the second half of the XIX century. The discussions on this issue involved not only government officials, but also representatives of business circles, members of Russian scientific and technical societies, and broad public circles. Russian Geographical and Imperial Russian Technical Societies' activity in the 1870s - early 1890s to develop proposals on the route of the transcontinental railway, as well as on the use of waterways in the context of solving the problems of the construction of the Trans–Siberian Railway is considered in the article. The main sources were verbatim reports, reports and other materials published following the meetings of participants of these Russian scientific societies, as well as invited speakers. Discussions about possible directions of the future Trans-Siberian Railway line, which took place in the 1870s – early 1890s, contributed to the gradual formation of the main possible options for the route of the railway, taking into account, first of all, economic interests, financial opportunities, technical difficulties and construction deadlines. Some of the proposed solutions and recommendations were taken into account during the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in subsequent years. In addition, thanks to the participation of scientists, engineers and other specialists in these discussions, it was possible to formulate priority tasks for further topographic, geological, hydrological, climatic and other studies of the territories of Siberia and the Far East, which were planned to be carried out with the direct participation of the state, both in the context of railway construction tasks, and in general to expand knowledge about these territories.

建築資材自動搬送ロボットによる段差解消スロープ乗り越え動作計画手法の開発と実証実験

In the face of an aging society and a shortage of young labor, the lack of young workers on construction sites has become increasingly challenging. Various types of construction robots have been developed to handle construction tasks. Among them, material transport robots can transfer heavy materials or tools to the desired location. However, most of the existing studies have focused on planner motion and have not discussed the performance and possible challenges of mobile robots on steps or slopes on construction sites. In this work, we conduct force analysis of the robot on a slope and develop a motion planning method accordingly so that robots could act as human operators. With the proposed method, the mobile robot can move more efficiently on the slope without upgrading the hardware or changing the environment. As a result, the mobile robot can perform tasks on construction sites more freely and efficiently. The effectiveness of the method has been evaluated on a construction site with the task of entering an elevator by climbing a slope.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РАДАРНОЇ ІНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРІЇДЛЯ ПОБУДОВИЦИФРОВИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ РЕЛЬЄФУ

Advanced experience in preparing and conducting military operations has shown that terrain is one of the most crucial elements in any map, as it determines the characteristics of the landscape of a specific area. Digital Elevation Models are used in updating digital topographic maps and plans of various scales, conducting various types of engineering surveys, and geological, biological, and geographical research. This article examines existing models and methods for constructing digital elevation models for the purpose of their comparative analysis based on the integration of open, publicly available sources of information. The approaches to building digital elevation models are described, and the information support for their creation is considered. The possibility of using different data sources intended for creating digital elevation model is demonstrated: for land management tasks modeling, hydrological network modeling, analysis of radio tower coverage zones, construction task modeling, and modeling flood and inundation zones. By improving digital elevation model, it is possible to develop new approaches for their creation or integrate existing ones. At the current stage of Ukraine's Armed Forces development, it is advisable to use radar interferometry as a relatively fast and accurate method for constructing digital elevation model. Interferometry is a technology for extracting elevation information from the phase of two images. Interferometric processing is carried out based on the use of radar data. The method assumes that the same area should be imaged with a displacement in space of the radar antenna receiver. Thus, by applying radar interferometry, it is possible to rapidly develop new approaches for creating digital elevation model or combining multiple ones.

Implementation of a Heterogeneous Multi-Robot System for a Construction Task

Cooperative robotic systems are becoming increasingly important, as cooperation between two or more robots makes it possible to tackle tasks that are difficult, if not impossible, to perform with a single robot. Among the various cooperative robotic systems, in this paper we focus on a heterogeneous robotic system to perform a building activity where large and heavy blocks are used. The proposed robotic system is based on a lifting mechanism and a robotic arm. This system exploits the characteristics of the lifting cable mechanism to hold most of the weight of the block, while the use of the rigid robot allows to obtain the desired precision during the fine placement. In this paper, we first derive the dynamic model of the system under consideration. Then, the kinematics analysis of the multi-robot system is investigated. Based on these two previous results, a control scheme is designed to ensure safe and correct cooperation between the two robotic systems. Experimental results with an in-scale prototype of the proposed robotic solution show the efficiency of our approach.

An Investigation of Exoskeleton Robotic Systems in Assisting Construction Tasks*

An Investigation of Exoskeleton Robotic Systems in Assisting Construction Tasks*

Optimal Review Strategy for Concurrent Execution of Design–Construction Tasks in DB Mode

Optimal Review Strategy for Concurrent Execution of Design–Construction Tasks in DB Mode

The Supreme Council of the Mordovian ASSR in the System of Regional Economic Management Bodies (1953–1964)

Introduction. After Stalin’s death, the main task of the CPSU was to reform the management of the national economy, aimed at expanding the practice of people’s self-government at the level of the Soviets. A special place in the system of councils in the region was occupied by the Supreme Council of the MASSR. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reorganization in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and its role in managing the economy of the region in the period from 1953 to 1964. Results. The Supreme Council of the MASSR, as the highest body of state power, closed a unified system of rural, township, city, district, regional and regional councils. By the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU “On improving the activities of the Soviets of Workers’ Deputies and strengthening their ties with the masses” in early 1957, new legislative and regulatory acts regulating the activities of Councils at the local level were adopted in the republic. The rights of district, city, village and settlement Councils have been significantly expanded in the field of coordination within their competence of the work of enterprises and economic organizations located on the territory of the respective Councils. Conditions have been created for the full involvement of the population in their work, as well as the strengthening of the role of mass organizations. It was assumed that this would not only strengthen the relationship with the population, but also serve to overcome bureaucracy, red tape, inattentive attitude to the needs of ordinary people. Permanent commissions of Soviets were one of the most important organizational forms of involving deputies and active Soviets in solving the tasks of economic and cultural construction and strengthening the connection of Soviets with the masses. The number and types of commissions to be formed were determined by the Supreme Council of the MASSR. Discussion and Conclusion. The Supreme Council of the Mordovian ASSR, as the highest state authority of the republic, had a clear structural organization designed to ensure the effective implementation of powers in the field of managing the socio-economic life of the republic. This structure was formed following the example of the supreme state authority of the RSFSR in accordance with the principle of unity of organizational forms of the highest level of the system of Soviets of the USSR and the RSFSR.

Metal Requirements for Building Electrical Grid Systems of Global Wind Power and Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic until 2050.

Wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power form vital parts of the energy transition toward renewable energy systems. The rapid development of these two renewables represents an enormous infrastructure construction task including both power generation and its associated electrical grid systems, which will generate demand for metal resources. However, most research on material demands has focused on their power generation systems (wind turbines and PV panels), and few have studied the associated electrical grid systems. Here, we estimate the global metal demands for electrical grid systems associated with wind and utility-scale PV power by 2050, using dynamic material flow analysis based on International Energy Agency's energy scenarios and the typical engineering parameters of transmission grids. Results show that the associated electrical grids require large quantities of metals: 27-81 Mt of copper cumulatively, followed by 20-67 Mt of steel and 11-31 Mt of aluminum. Electrical grids built for solar PV have the largest metal demand, followed by offshore and onshore wind. Power cables are the most metal-consuming electrical components compared to substations and transformers. We also discuss the decommissioning issue of electrical grids and their recovery potential. This study would deepen the understanding of the nexus between renewable energy, grid infrastructure, and metal resources.

Evaluation of Emission Characteristics and Microstructure of Particulate Matters from Excavation and Restoration Work on Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Road excavation–restoration work, where various construction tasks are performed, may generate large quantities of particulate matter (PM). These PM may accumulate in the surroundings or scatter into the atmosphere, thus affecting the environment and people in the surroundings. This study was conducted as part of a basic research study to reduce scattering PM generated from road excavation–restoration work. This study aimed to investigate the PM10 emission trend for each activity of road excavation–restoration work, and to analyze the activity that yields the highest PM10 emissions. PM were measured by using a particle spectrometer and the vacuum sweep method, by conducting field (level 1) and chamber experiments (level 2). The PM10 emission trends of road-cutting, breaking, removal, excavation, and restoration activities were examined based on field experiments. It was found that the highest PM10 emission was generated from road-cutting activities. The road-cutting activities were performed in an enclosed chamber, and the microstructure and the emission characteristics of PM generated by cutting were analyzed. The PM generated during the cutting activity were analyzed by dividing them into scattered and deposited PM. The results showed that as the cutting depth increased, the scattered PM decreased, while the deposited PM tended to increase. Furthermore, as a result of the microstructural analysis of PM conducted during the cutting activity, it was found that the main components were aggregates instead of the components of asphalt binder.

Robotics in industrialized construction: an activity-based ranking system for assembly manufacturing tasks

PurposeDespite the proven evidence of ever-growing productivity gains in the manufacturing industry as a result of years of research and investment in advanced technologies, such as robotics, the adoption of robots in construction is still lagging. The existing literature lacks technical frameworks and guidelines that account for the one-of-a-kind nature of construction projects and the myriad of materials and dimensional components in construction activities. This study seeks to address existing technical uncertainty and productivity issues associated with the application of robotics in the assembly-type manufacturing of industrialized construction.Design/methodology/approachTo facilitate the selection of suitable robotic arms for industrialized construction activities, primarily assembly-type manufacturing tasks of offsite production processes, an activity-based ranking system based on axiomatic design principles is proposed. The proposed ranking system utilizes five functional requirements derived from robot characteristics—speed, payload, reach, degrees of freedom and position repeatability—to evaluate robot performance in an industrialized construction task using simulations of a framing station.FindingsBased on design parameters obtained from activity-based simulations, seventy six robotic arms suitable for the framing task were scored and ranked. According to the sensitivity analysis of proposed functional requirements, speed is the key functional requirement that has a notable effect on productivity of a framing station and is thus the determinant in robot performance assessment for framing tasks.Originality/valueThe proposed ranking system is expected to augment automation in construction and serve as a preliminary guideline to help construction professionals in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of robotic arms.