Construction Of Solutions Research Articles

Структура емоційної культури майбутнього вчителя початкових класів в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій

The article defines the category «emotional culture of the future primary school teacher in emergency situations» as the teacher's perceived readiness to implement emotional competencies necessary for the constructive solution of professional tasks in the complex conditions of today. A theoretical analysis of the scientific literature was carried out, and on its basis two aspects were distinguished in the structure of the emotional culture of the future primary school teacher in emergency situations ‒ intrapersonal (understanding one's own emotions and managing them) and interpersonal (understanding the emotions of other participants in the educational process and managing them), as well as psychological, pedagogical and cultural components are defined. It was established that the emotional culture of the future primary school teacher in emergency situations presupposes his motivation for effective professional activity, a system of relevant knowledge and skills, therefore the criteria for evaluating the level of its formation are determined: motivational-value, emotional-cognitive, reflective-active. It was concluded that a high level of emotional culture formation is one of the indicators of future teachers' readiness to effectively perform professional tasks in emergency situations. The teacher needs to know the potential risks from emergency situations, to be able to predict and recognize dangers, and if possible, to avoid or at least minimize their negative impact on the participants of the educational process thanks to a developed emotional culture

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALCULATION METHODS OF CLT STRUCTURES

One of the important tasks of modern construction is the search for new constructive solutions and the introduction of new construction technologies. Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) technology is a new material for Ukraine that has proven itself in Europe and America as effective and environmentally friendly with many advantages. Since CLT panels are not widely distributed, studied and do not contain references in the normative literature in Ukraine, the study of these structures is extremely relevant. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the CLT calculation methods of panels: using the RFEM 6 and LIRA-FEM software and analytical calculation. The research concerns three types of panels: three-layer, five-layer, and seven-layer under the action of a load of 1.5 and 5.0 kN/m2. The main parameter under consideration is the vertical deflection of the panels. The results of all calculations are collected in one table, where you can analyze the discrepancy between different methods of calculating the CLT structures.

Quantifying the Enhanced Performance of Multifamily Residential Passive House over Conventional Buildings in Terms of Energy Use

In response to escalating energy demands and global warming concerns, the Passive House Standard has emerged as a solution in residential construction, aiming to drastically reduce energy consumption and operational costs primarily through high-performance building envelopes. While a considerable volume of the literature has focused on the Passivhaus Institute (PHI) standards, predominantly in European contexts, there is a gap in research on the Passive House Institute US (Phius) standards, particularly in North American climates. This study conducts a quantitative comparative analysis of two adjacent multifamily residential buildings in Central Pennsylvania, Climate Zone 5A—one built using conventional construction methods and the other following Passive House (PHIUS+ 2015) certification standards—to validate the energy efficiency improvements attributed to Passive House designs. A comparative analysis of the whole building energy use over two years reveals that the Passive House building consumes approximately 50% less energy than its conventional counterpart in terms of whole building energy use and the national median recommended benchmark metric defined by the Energy Star Portfolio Manager. These findings emphasize the potential for significant energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions in residential buildings, highlighting the necessity for policymakers and governments to incentivize the adoption of Passive House standards to achieve environmental sustainability and reduce energy costs for society.

Liderazgo pedagógico en el contexto rural: perspectivas de los directivos desde un enfoque territorial

The provision of educational services in rural contexts requires educational leadership that addresses the demands of an educational community based on its geographical and social characteristics. In this context, the research aimed to explore the relationship between pedagogical leadership and the territorial approach a group of rural directors of public educational institutions in the Ayacucho region, Perú. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted, using semi-structured interviews with a group of five directors of rural public schools. Among the main results, it was found that efficient exercise of pedagogical leadership allows directors to construct solutions that favor the educational quality of the institution. It was also identified that the role of pedagogical leadership in rural schools implies a series of challenges, such as efficient preparation in the management of human and material resources, as well as proactive management of relationships with the educational community based on their characteristics and needs. It is concluded that efficient knowledge of the territorial approach by directors reinforces their educational leadership, encouraging the participation of students, teachers, families, local and regional authorities to provide the necessary support and assistance required by the educational community in the rural area.

Legal Protection for Workers Receiving Wages below the Minimum Wage Provisions at the District/City Level Post the Job Creation Law

This research aims to analyze the legal protection for workers receiving wages below the minimum wage after the enactment of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation. With the regulatory changes, there is a potential decrease in the wage levels for workers at the district/city level. Therefore, this study seeks to delve into the impact of legislative changes on the rights and welfare of workers, particularly those affecting minimum wage standards. The research method employed is normative legal research, involving an analysis of relevant legislation and a literature review on the impact of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation on worker wages. The findings indicate that these regulatory changes have a significant impact on workers' rights, especially those receiving wages below the minimum standard. Furthermore, the study identifies several challenges in the legal protection of workers under minimum wage provisions, including the expansion of company authority in setting wages. Therefore, it is recommended to implement policy and regulatory improvements that prioritize the interests of workers to ensure adequate legal protection amid changes in the labor market structure. This research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the changes in working conditions post-Omnibus Law on Job Creation and their implications for workers' rights. Consequently, constructive solutions are anticipated to enhance legal protection for workers receiving wages below the minimum wage at the district/city level.

A parametric approach for developing embodied environmental benchmark values for buildings

PurposeThe production and construction of buildings cause significant environmental impacts besides those arising from their operation. Recently, some European countries have started introducing life cycle assessment as a mandatory calculation method for new buildings, and it is foreseen that by 2030 this will be done in every member state, at first without any legal minimum values.MethodsExtensive databases on the embodied impacts of buildings, which would be needed to support setting the baseline impacts, are still missing. This paper proposes an approach for determining bottom-up reference values. A large building sample is generated describing “technically feasible” new buildings. Instead of analysing a few typical buildings, the main parameters describing a building are determined and the ranges are defined that these parameters typically take. With the variation of these parameters, a large building sample is generated, and the surfaces and built-in material quantities are determined for typical construction solutions to assess environmental performance.Results and discussionThe method is demonstrated by calculating the reference embodied benchmark values for new residential buildings in Hungary. The results show a baseline embodied Global Warming Potential of 9.5–15.5 kg CO2-eq/m2/yr for single-family houses and 9.1–14.3 kg CO2-eq/m2/yr for multi-family houses.ConclusionsThis method is suitable for estimating the environmental impact of typical new buildings in countries where a large pool of real building data is not yet available.

On the fractional Laplacian of a function with respect to another function

The theories of fractional Laplacians and of fractional calculus with respect to functions are combined to produce, for the first time, the concept of a fractional Laplacian with respect to a bijective function. The theory is developed both in the 1‐dimensional setting and in the general ‐dimensional setting. Fourier transforms with respect to functions are also defined, and the relationships between Fourier transforms, fractional Laplacians, and Marchaud‐type derivatives are explored. Function spaces for these operators are carefully defined, including weighted spaces and a new type of Schwartz space. The theory developed is then applied to construct solutions to some partial differential equations involving both fractional time derivatives and fractional Laplacians with respect to functions, with illustrative examples.

TECHNOLOGY OF STRENGTHENING AND RESTORATION OF SHAFT SURFACES WITH HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT

The issue of increasing the strength of details by applying high-frequency electric current has become one of the most important and urgent issues of today. Ensuring the corrosion resistance of parts is initially implemented by applying materials obtained in relatively economically efficient ways, which reflected in a constructive solution to the issue. It is possible to increase surfaces of small-sized details of any geometric shape with a high-frequency current 1.5-2.5 times. By increasing the surfaces using the HFC method, it is possible to fully ensure their reliability and longevity. The dependences of the amount of heat and current intensity were determined by using the HFC parameters. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to increase the strength of the shafts by 1.5-2.5 times. Keywords: High-frequency current, shafts, technological mode, main parameters, graphic dependence, increase of strength, reliability, longevity.

MODELING OF A LIGHTWEIGHT FLAT FLOOR WITH VOIDS MADE OF PLASTIC BALLS

Formulation of the problem. Prefabricated monolithic construction in domestic and global practice in recent years has occupied a small share in the field of construction. A fairly large number of designs of prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors, as well as its individual structural elements, have been proposed. The use of lightweight floors in the construction of residential and public buildings can significantly reduce the consumption of materials and the dead weight of structures and increase the size of live loads and overlapping spans. Despite this, it cannot be said that effective design solutions have been found that can maximally satisfy the requirements of consumers, architects and builders. Based on this, a constructive solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls, quite effective from the point of view of construction and subsequent operation, was proposed and investigated. The proposed design solution for a lightweight prefabricated monolithic flat floor with voids made of plastic balls has less mass than solid floors and optimal use of material resources, namely the consumption of concrete and reinforcement. Therefore, research to determine the optimal design parameters of a flat lightweight floor with void formers made of plastic balls is relevant. The purpose of the article is to conduct numerous studies of the stress-strain state of the proposed design of a prefabricated monolithic floor with voids made of plastic balls. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 500 mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.

SELECTION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF A LIGHTWEIGHT FLAT FLOOR WITH VOIDS MADE OF PLASTIC BALLS

Formulation of the problem. Architectural and construction design of buildings using reinforced concrete has led to an increase in the number of objects with an individual space-planning structure, a rich variety of facade and volumetric solutions. Today the question of the effectiveness of using flat prefabricated monolithic lightweight floors in the construction of multi-storey buildings with individual space-planning and architectural solutions is relevant. In a market economy interest in the issue of rational use of resources, namely the cost of concrete and reinforcement in construction, has sharply increased, which is directly related to attracting investment. As it is known, when designing buildings from prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete, in contrast to prefabricated concrete, there is greater freedom in adopting the space-planning parameters of the building, and there may also be simpler design solutions, in particular for floors. The constructive solution of floors depends on numerous requirements for the building as a whole and directly for the floor. One of the requirements that influences the attraction of investments is a small material-intensive floor covering with significant spans of buildings of various structural systems. The effective use of lightweight precast monolithic reinforced concrete floors with voids made of plastic balls in construction requires a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of this innovative solution for the precast monolithic reinforced concrete floor structure. The purpose of the article is to perform a technical and economic comparison of various design options for a flat lightweight prefabricated monolithic floor. The influence of floor parameters on the consumption of concrete and reinforcement is considered. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was established that it is rational to use hollow balls made from recycled materials as a material for making voids from balls in flat floors. Moreover, all studied floor options with spans of 6 m, 7 m, 8 m and void sizes made of balls with diameters of 180 mm, 315 mm and 50 0mm meet the requirements of the first and second groups of limit states.

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE IN A WOOD-SOIL CONCRETE SLAB

Problem statement. During the process of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine, there will be a need for a large number of affordable and ecological building materials, especially in the part of restoration and construction of low-rise buildings. Such building materials can be soil-concrete and aggregates from crushed concrete waste. The proposed constructive solution of the ribbed floor, in which the ribs are made of pine beams and OSB sheets, and the slab part is made of soil concrete on fixed formwork. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal composition of the soil-concrete mixture using crushed stone obtained after crushing concrete scrap, taking into account the configuration of the wood-soil concrete slab, to determine the strength of soil-concrete of this composition, to determine the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregates. Conclusions. Based on the results of determining the optimal composition of soil-concrete, it was established that the maximum compressive strength is achieved when the mass content of the binder in the cement-soil mixture is at the level of 20 %. Taking into account the configuration of the slab part of the floor, a fraction of 5...7.5 mm is accepted for coarse aggregate. During the test of soil-concrete samples with recycled aggregate with a mass content of 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, the compressive strength of soil concrete decreased. Obviously, the presence of a clay component (loam) in the mixture reduces the adhesion in the contact zone between the aggregate and the soil-concrete, which increases the heterogeneity of the entire structure of the soil-concrete. Thus, the use of natural or recycled coarse aggregates in soil-concrete is impractical. Taking into account the determined strength of soil-concrete without aggregate, a scheme of combined concreting of the soil-concrete slab is proposed – heavy concrete above the rib and soil-concrete in the overhangs. In this case, there is a need for research on the possibility of using recycled coarse aggregate of the required size in heavy concrete.

Multi-Aspect Shaping of the Building’s Heat Balance

In the European Union, buildings account for 42% of the energy consumption and 36% of the direct and indirect energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing thermal power for heating purposes is crucial to achieve climate neutrality. The main purpose of this article is to identify the places in the building where it is possible to significantly improve energy efficiency through the use of appropriate construction and material solutions. This article contains a multi-aspect approach to the heat balance of a building. Solutions that have a direct impact on building energy consumption were analysed, taking into account architectural, technological, and material aspects. Particular attention was paid to energy-efficient design and material solutions for non-transparent and transparent external walls and thermal storage walls (Trombe walls). An analysis of heat transfer through building elements was carried out, along with the optimisation of energy-efficient solutions for non-transparent and transparent barriers. Two methods for determining the equivalent heat transfer coefficient Ue for solar active partitions are presented. The analysis presented in the work using the original method of the balanced heat transfer coefficient Ue is a testing ground for identifying unfavourable features of the building structure, as well as the most energy-efficient solutions that can be used in establishing standards for the construction and modernisation of buildings. The value of the Ue coefficient illustrates the actual heat transfer through the partition. Having Ue values for various structural solutions of building envelopes, the designer can easily select the most effective ones. The use of the presented methodology will allow for the optimisation of technical solutions for building elements to improve its energy efficiency.

The method of developing the complex stress tensor by basic states for the construction solutions of spatial boundary problems of the linear elasticity theory

The method of developing the complex stress tensor by basic states for the construction solutions of spatial boundary problems of the linear elasticity theory

Justification of applicability of fly ash from power plants and fly ash solutions in construction, repair and closure of in-situ uranium leach wells

Justification of applicability of fly ash from power plants and fly ash solutions in construction, repair and closure of in-situ uranium leach wells

Shear Reinforcement Effectiveness of One-Way Void Slab with the Hollow Core Ratio and Shear Reinforcement

Void slabs offer a promising solution for sustainable construction due to their reduced weight and potential for recycled materials. However, their inherent hollowness can compromise shear capacity compared to solid slabs. This study investigates the effectiveness of shear reinforcement in mitigating this vulnerability. Experimental testing with a four-point support loading confirmed shear failure in all specimens and revealed a significant reserve of shear strength exceeding predictions from ACI 318-14 by at least 1.436. This suggests the potential for more efficient designs that utilize less shear reinforcement while maintaining structural integrity. An inverse relationship between porosity and shear strength was observed, highlighting the importance of considering void content during design. Among established design codes (ACI 318-14, UBC 2, and CEB-FIP 1990), CEB-FIP 1990 provided the most accurate prediction of shear capacity for these reinforced hollow slabs. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the shear design of voided slabs. The observed strength reserve suggests the potential for reduced shear reinforcement while maintaining safety. Additionally, the influence of porosity and the code comparison provide crucial considerations for future design practices. This research paves the way for developing efficient and safe voided slab applications, promoting sustainability in the construction industry.

Compressive and tensile strength estimation of sustainable geopolymer concrete using contemporary boosting ensemble techniques

Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GPC) serves as an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional concrete, offering a sustainable solution for construction needs. The ability to make on-site changes is dependent on the concrete’s strength after casting, which must be higher than the target value. To anticipate the concrete’s strength before it is poured is, thus, quite helpful. Three ensemble machine learning (ML) approaches, including gradient boosting, AdaBoost regressor, and extreme gradient boosting, are presented in this work as potential methods for forecasting GPC’s mechanical strength that incorporates corncob ash. To determine which modeling parameters are crucial, sensitivity analysis was employed. When the compressive strength and split-tensile strength of GPC were tested with ensemble ML models, R 2 values of more than 90% were discovered between the predicted and actual results. Statistics and a k-fold analysis based on the error and coefficient of determination were used to verify the developed models. Slag amount, curing age, and fine aggregate quantity were the three mix proportions that had the most impact on GPC’s mechanical strength, as shown in the sensitivity analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that ensemble boosting approaches could reliably estimate GPC mechanical strength. Incorporating such procedures into GPC quality control can yield significant improvements.

High-volume fly ash self-compacting concrete for coastal constructions: A sustainable development solution

This article presents the research results on the effectiveness of applying high-volume fly ash self-compacting concrete (SCC) in constructing environmentally influenced structures along the coast of Vietnam. SCC is designed with fly ash replacing 70% and 80% of cement. Technical criteria evaluated include workability, compressive strength, chloride ion permeability, water absorption, and dry bulk density of SCC. Additionally, the energy consumption, environmental emissions, and production costs of high-volume fly ash SCC are also assessed. The results show that SCC with 70% and 80% fly ash replacement by weight meets construction requirements, with compressive strengths at 28 days reaching 25.1 MPa and 21.2 MPa, and at 90 days reaching 49.4 MPa and 28.3 MPa respectively; chloride ion permeability is very low, electrical resistivity at 28 days is 690C and 539C; water absorption at 28 days is approximately 2.3% and 2.6%; dry bulk density at 28 days is 2239 kg/m3 and 2225 kg/m3. Compared to conventional concrete with equivalent compressive strengths of 20 MPa and 25 MPa (BT200, BT250), using high-volume fly ash SCC with 70% and 80% fly ash replacement results in energy consumption reduction by 45.28% and 53.45% respectively; CO2, NOx, SOx emissions are reduced by (52.41%, 54.26%, 53.95%) and (62.21%, 64.33%, 64.13%); material production costs decrease by 15.14% and 17.16% respectively. Utilizing high-volume fly ash SCC as a solution for coastal constructions proves to be technically feasible, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable.

Effect of Wetting and Drying Cycle on the Behavior of Teff Straw Ash-Stabilized Expansive Soil

This study explores the impact of wetting and drying cycles on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil, with a focus on enhancing its mechanical properties for road subgrade applications. Expansive soil, characterized by continuous swell and shrink behavior, undergoes cyclic testing to establish equilibrium and critical density. The mitigating effects of teff straw ash on soil damage and its influence on expansive soil’s mechanical attributes are investigated. Laboratory results classify natural expansive soil as A-7-5 and CH according to AASHTO and USCS standards, respectively. Using a one-dimensional odometer apparatus, six wetting–drying cycles are conducted on teff straw ash-stabilized expansive soil to observe its behavior at equilibrium. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a disordered bond between soil particles and teff straw ash, intensifying with increased wetting–drying cycles. X-ray diffraction analysis is performed on samples subjected to different curing times, indicating heightened cation exchange and pozzolanic reactions as curing duration increases, thereby reducing soil expansiveness. A 96-hr socked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test assesses subgrade strength. The CBR values for natural soil fall below the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) standards for low-volume roads. In contrast, expansive soil stabilized with teff straw ash at 10%, 15%, and 20% exhibits substantial increases in CBR values (3.7, 6.7, and 8.9, respectively), meeting the ERA standards. This suggests that teff straw ash stabilization renders expansive soil suitable for low-volume road subgrades, aligning with ERA standards. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the potential use of teff straw ash as an effective stabilizer for expansive soils, offering sustainable solutions for road construction in regions characterized by expansive soil challenges.

Analysis of the influence of uneveneity of the sintering process of the barch on the operation of the sintering machine

Literature data on the unevenness of temperature and composition of the gas leaving the sintering bed across the width and length of it and their influence on the productivity of sinter machines are considered. An analysis of the technologies reasons for the unevenness of the sintering process was carried out. It is shown that the reasons for the width of the pallets include the distribution of the mix bed in the loading bin, air leaks into the ignition hearth, the wall effect at the side plates of the pallets, the shape and angle of inclination of the sides relative to the grates. Along the length of the sinter machine, the unevenness of gas flow and composition is due to a decrease in the gas-dynamic re-sistance of the bed during the sintering process, segregation of the mix and fuel along the height of the bed, completion of bed drying and gaps between pallets. Using an adapted mathematical model of the sintering process, a comparison was made of the parameters of the basic (non-uniform) and calculated uniform operating modes of the AKM-312 sinter machine of the Steel Plant NLMK. I It has been established that with the vertical installation of the pallet sides accepted in the calculations that an increased gas flow rate at the periphery of the bed is accompanied by an increase in gas temperature with a corresponding decrease in the suction before exhausters. It was found that during the transition from the base to the uniform mode of operation of the sinter machine, the gas temperature in front of the exhausters decreased from 99.6 to 85.1 °C, the suction increased from 13.54 to 14.26 kPa, and in the collecting collector – by 1.15 kPa. The productivity of the sinter machine increased by 4.1%. When installing pallet sides vertically, the effectiveness of increasing the height of the layer on its periphery instead of compacting it and constructive solutions has been justified. Its increase provided an additional productivity of the sinter machine by 1.8%, a total of 5.9%. It has been shown that due to the simultaneous increase in gas temperature over the entire width of the bed in the final period of the sintering process, with a uniform operating mode of the sinter machine, the maximum gas temperature at the end of the process increases with a lower one – in front of the exhausters. From the point of view of the capabilities of exhausters in terms of the created suction, the accepted representation of their gas-dynamic characteristics at a temperature of 150 °C, which is possible only with a high level of unevenness of the sintering process, is not reasoned

Индивидуальный и персонализированный подход в биоэтике: основные принципы и рекомендации

Social medicine focuses on the social and economic aspects of health and related inequalities. It recognizes the im-portance of considering the sociobiological context of the patient when prescribing and providing health care.In this understanding, a person in social medicine is considered as an individual who is in interaction with the environment, social living conditions, cultural factors, access to medical services, economic and political realities. It also includes understanding the pa-tient's needs, expectations and preferences and how these may influence treatment decisions and subsequent recovery.This article dis-cusses the topic of an individual and personalized approach in bioethics. The basic principles underlying an individual and personalized approach in bioethics include taking into account individual values and preferences of patients, ensuring their autonomy, attention to potential risks and affirming equity in access to personalized medicine. The authors identify the main principles and offer recommenda-tions on the use of an individual and personalized approach in bioethics. An individual approach to planning and treatment includes taking into account the physiological, psychological, social and spiritual characteristics of the patient. It aims to create a treatment plan that, based on scientific evidence, best suits each patient's individual needs and goals. Ethical resolution of dilemmas and conflicts is an integral part of the individual approach. An open dialogue between the patient and members of the medical community, as well as ad-herence to the principles of justice, allows us to reach agreement and constructive solutions in difficult ethical situations. Overall, an individualized and personalized approach to bioethics helps improve the quality of medical practice and meet the unique needs of each patient. It embraces and respects the identity and diversity of individual values and beliefs, helping to create a more equitable and humane health care system.