Construction Of Text Research Articles

Literary form and historicised relationality: theorising the city as text in Teju Cole’s novels

ABSTRACT This essay explores the representation and theorisation of the city in Teju Cole’s novels – Every Day Is for the Thief (2007), Open City (2011), and Tremor (2023). It argues that Cole’s writing articulates a new grammar of city-ness premised on historicised relationality and comparative thinking, thus challenging paradigms of urban representation that universalise the Western city. In particular, I propose that Cole’s novels offer a rewriting of Lagos and New York as specifically textual constructions, in which histories of modernity and colonisation get crystallised into their social geographies and cultural infrastructures. By close reading these texts and by drawing from the insights of postcolonial and literary urban studies, I analyse the formal devices – from variations in perspective to restricted focalisation – that Cole employs to textualise the city and its political histories. Through form, Cole’s novels raise crucial questions, both ethical and narrative, about representability, language, and historical violence in urban settings.

The Integration of Storyboard into GBA : Observing Students' Engagement of Junior High School in Writing Recount Text

ABSTRACT Genre-based pedagogy has been a controversial subject since John Swales introduced it to the field of English for Specific Purposes in the 1980s. GBA was included in English lessons in Indonesia. Even though the curriculum changed from KTSP to K-13, this genre remains the basis for teaching English in schools. However, ESL/EFL teachers are often unfamiliar with this practical teaching approach even though GBA is becoming increasingly popular in writing classes. Due to the teacher’s unfamiliarity with GBA, students can not feel the benefits of GBA. Many students have difficulty writing, especially writing recount text. In order for the students to get the advantage of GBA in writing, teachers must use methods such as Combined Text Construction, a stage in the genre-based approach. The Joint Construction stage is the main focus of this research. Certainly, in order for the Joint construction of the text stage can be carried out well, it is necessary to have a media that can be integrated into the JCoT stage. In this study, the researcher suggests an alternative that can be used as a solution to this problem. An alternative is to integrate storyboards into the GBA (JCoT) method in learning writing recount text. The research aims to describe in what ways students can be engaged in writing recount texts using storyboards as a learning media. The research method used is a case study approach with observation and interviews as data collection techniques. Findings from video observation and interview transcripts display students' interest and confidence in emotional engagement, students' contributions in behavioral engagement, and students' understanding in cognitive engagement. Thus, storyboards positively contribute to students' ability to write recount texts in the context of the genre-based approach.

Biopics of Female Hollywood Stars Speak to #MeToo Era: The Case of Judy (2019) and Blonde (2022)

This article analyzes two recent biopics, Judy (2019, Rupert Goold) and Blonde (2022, Andrew Dominik), which reimagine the icons from the Hollywood Golden Era, Judy Garland and Marilyn Monroe respectively, under the prism of the #MeToo movement. By examining the way in which these movies treat abusive experiences within the film industry, along with their placement in the public arena, this paper exposes how contemporary biopics dedicated to female movie stars face the consequences of #MeToo in Hollywood. In terms of textual construction, both movies presumptively adopt a female perspective in portraying actresses’ experiences of exploitation –such as sexual harassment, eating disorders, substance abuse, and more– under a male-dominated Hollywood studio system. Meanwhile, directors’ articulated intentions, promotional campaigns, reviews, and film critiques seeking to convincingly place the films in the domain of public discussion around #MeToo. Despite this ‘feminist’ assumption, this article will argue that these movies, while appearing to confront and re-address injustices in Hollywood through revisiting the mythical narratives of well-known female stars, fail to challenge the melodramatic victimization plot familiar in traditional biopics about women. In doing so, it will explore how they reinforce a representation of the female Hollywood star after #MeToo as a mentally troubled woman struggling to survive in an exploitative film industry.

The Role of the Symbol in the Formation of Plot

Along with its own component of the plot, the symbol can be considered as one of the active components in its construction, development and illuminating (clearing). The symbol, which initially acts as an image, realizes the dynamic development of the artistic text, the process of bringing the language components together and realizing the idea. In the article, the role of the symbol, which has a multifaceted and complex function within the plot, in the construction of the literary text, in revealing thoughts and ideas, and the author’s object and purpose is considered. At the same time, image-symbol relations, the function of the symbol in the literary text, and its relationship with other poetic categories are widely studied and analyzed.The artistic text manifests not only its poetic aspects, but also the historical and social conditions and the demands of the time. A symbol, as an artistic system, can be changed and get renewed from time to time in terms of idea-artistic vision in relation to time. In this, the symbolic function is performed by various means. One of the main means of determining the dynamic development in the process of establishing plot-symbol relations in a literary text is natural manifestations, events and objects. They are symbolized within the text; the construction of the plot allows the author’s position and idea to be revealed.In the research work, diverse function of the symbol in the formation of the plot is followed by referring to many theories and concepts, and based on the application of the scientific-theoretical literature available in this field to the artistic material, the main leading function of the symbol in the artistic text is revealed.In the article, with reference to the theoretical views of scientists V.F.Hegel, A.F. Losev, A. Potebnya, Y. M. Lotman, A.Auer, A. Avarentsev, A.V.Korpenko, P.D.Minichkin and others, analyzes are conducted by applying comparative-analysis, generalization research methods, and finally our thoughts and opinions are summarized.

Designing a Modern Self: The English Travels of Pandita Ramabai and Krishnabhabini Das

In 1882, Krishnabhabini Das travelled to England and wrote a travelogue, Englandey Bangamahila (A Bengali Lady in England) in Bengali. A year later in 1883, Pandita Ramabai also travelled to England and wrote a letter in Marathi describing her travel experiences, which was later published as Englandcha Pravas (Travel to England). This article reads the two travel accounts together and in relation to one another aiming to compare and juxtapose their differing and at times overlapping navigations and negotiations with the West in an attempt to understand the early expression of gendered subjectivities via narratives of travel at a time when both travel and writing by women were discouraged, if not proscribed. With a focus on two related aspects—(1) the textual construction of the ‘self’ and (2) the trope of the reverse female gaze on the West—the paper argues that these travel writings produce as they record the making of distinct modern female subjectivities at the end of the nineteenth century.

Attitude in ecological evaluations of college English textbooks in China

Ecolinguistics, as an emerging paradigm in linguistic studies, provides an approach for analysing ecological constructions in texts. However, different contexts feature quite different ecological philosophical traditions. English textbooks, often including imported materials, raise consideration for its ecological suitability for different social contexts. This study examines the ecological evaluations of College English textbooks used in China to elucidate the underlying evaluations and assess them according to Chinese harmonious ecosophy. Adopting Martin and White's (2005) attitude system, this study analyses the selected textbooks from the aspects of affect, judgment and appreciation with the UAM Corpus Tool to annotate instantiations of natural resources. Semantic analyses suggest that the authorial construction of nature in textbooks propagate some inharmonious ecological worldviews. The study not only improves our understanding of stance of textbooks towards the natural world but also helps to explore the role textbooks play in ecological education.

The functioning of causal constructions in Church-religious texts

The functioning of causal constructions in Church-religious texts

PANNER: POS-Aware Nested Named Entity Recognition Through Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network

Nested named entity recognition (Nested NER) in knowledge graph (KG) aims at obtaining all meaningful entities, including nested entities for sentences in longer text region. Those obtained entities are to facilitate downstream applications, such as relation extraction, entity resolution, and coreference resolution. This task, however, is challenging not only because of the demand to detect the boundary of the entity but also due to the complexity of those hierarchically nested entities. Since a substantial amount of work has been made to Flat NER (or Nested NER), a few of them can explicitly acquire the position of the entity and utilize the grammatical construction of text. In this work, we propose PANNER, a POS-aware Nested NER model, to solve all the above issues. Specifically, we first construct a heterogeneous graph by introducing the part-of-speech (POS) information of the word. Second, we design a dilated random walk (DRW) algorithm based on a grammatical path to sample a fixed size of neighbors for each node. Third, we aggregate the message from different types of neighbors through an attention mechanism. Finally, we use a bidirectional decoding module to recognize and categorize all the flat and nested entities based on the node embedding in a layer-wise manner. Our extensive experiments show the effectiveness of PANNER in both flat and nested NER.

STRUCTURAL-CONTENT ORGANIZATION AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL ADVERTISING TEXTS

The main genres of advertising texts in the field of education are considered in terms of their content model, structure and specificity of linguistic expression. The connection of the structural-semantic organization of educational advertising texts and their main functions and characteristics as a type of advertising, as well as their dependence on genre specificity, characteristics of denotation, advertising purpose, age of the target audience, has been traced. Educational advertising is considered as a socially significant sphere, the main functions of which are informational, value-oriented, and communicative. The structural-content model of the advertising text in the field of education has been defined, which is based on the essence of the concept of “educational services” and determines the presence and characteristics for advertising purposes of such components as the subject providing educational services, educational activities, the expected result of these activities, and the addressee to whom advertising appeals. Advertising text in the field of education is considered in several genres: brochures, booklets, leaflets, and advertisements. Common features and significant differences in the construction of texts and language design have been identified. It is confirmed that advertising texts in the field of educational services constitute a complex education, where the integration of all components and their interaction contribute to a high degree of informative and pragmatic influence. The structure of the advertising text is generalized, the content role of its components is described, and their place and method of presentation in the studied genres of educational advertising are determined. Attention is paid to the structural and fragmentary deployment of texts, strengthening the informative function in larger genres and the emotional component and manipulative character of language means in advertisements. It is noted that the language of advertising texts of educational services corresponds to the advertising goal of each component, and language tools (lexical and grammatical) perform a textual organizational role or give the text a certain stylistic coloring and expression. The prospects of scientific research are outlined, providing for a more detailed linguistic analysis of the most mobile genre – advertisements, the study of compositionally significant components of advertising texts (headings, slogans), as well as the stylistic functions of individual expressive language tools, elements of a language game as a manipulator. Key words: educational advertising, advertising text, language of advertising, structure, slogan, stylistic means.

Factors of Jazm & its Signs

One of the characteristics of the Arabic language is syntax (Eraab). And it is the change of the symbol at the end of the word due to the change of internal factors and their requirements. “Eraab” play a significant role in bringing brevity, clarity and change in meaning in speech at the same time. There are two types of “Eraab”: Real “Eraab”and Sub-“Eraab”. Real “Eraab” include Rafa, Nasab, Jar and Jazm. Among the rules of these four real “Eraab”, the rules of Jazm are the most detailed and complex. As there are some factors (Letters of Elision), out of which some factors put one verb in the jussive mood and some put two verbs in the jussive mood. Similarly, this rule also applies to the verbs that come after the imperative verb. Therefore, in this article, we have combined the rules of Jazm, its causes and symptoms. After reading this article, it will be easier for the readers to understand the topic, memorize these rules and use them in the construction of Arabic texts.

Portrait of Teaching Writing in Online Classroom

Nowadays, online classrooms are growing in popularity. Especially given the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia, which has forced online learning. This study aims to investigate online learning in EFL learners’ writing classrooms. This study uses a qualitative method and a descriptive qualitative research design to examine in detail how teachers teach EFL learners in online writing. Researchers collected data through the technique of nonparticipant observation, and the researcher "observes from the sidelines" the action being observed. The results of this study reveal that the observed teacher's teaching method is not consistent with the four reference strategies employed by the researchers. The four strategies include; building knowledge of field, modeling of text, joint construction of text, and independent construction of text. Because, after being observed, the teacher employs only one strategy to teach writing, specifically building knowledge of field.

PERIPHERAL WRITING AND WRITING ON THE PERIPHERY IN TRAVELOGUES BY JAY NORWOOD DARLING

The article is devoted to the little-known literary work of the American cartoonist Jay Norwood Darling. The current study was conducted on the travelogues “Ding Goes to Russia” (1932) and “The Cruise of the Bouncing Betsy. A Trailer Travelogue” (1937). This article aims to reveal and contextualize the features of J.N. Darling’s travel texts as peripheral genres. The main objective of this work is to analyze the deep structures of the travelogues chronotope, based on which the hypothesis will be put forward. Its essence is that the intensity of the crisis time experience in different spaces and through these spaces modifies the involved genre clichés, giving rise to a tragic (for Soviet space) and optimistic (for American space) premonition. The research methodology is based on the study of the interaction between the centre and periphery of the literary system, in particular, the concept of “semiosphere” formulated by Yu. Lotman. Genre analysis includes comparative and contextual methods of studying texts. The cultural-historical method deepens the understanding of the context of Darling’s literary work. Particularly, it is used to discover the historical and social factors that impact the peculiarities of others and one’s own world perception and image reconstruction. Genre analysis of travelogues with various graphic components, including caricatures, involves an intermedia method of studying the semantic connections between visual and verbal in travelogues. The examination of Darling’s travelogues “Ding Goes to Russia” and “The Cruise of the Bouncing Betsy. A Trailer Travelogue”, which inherited different genre traditions, revealed their conceptual and poetic affinities. In both texts, the author investigates the common issues of civilization and its advancement, as well as the significance of technological progress for a human being. The features of the unmanifested future or hidden phenomena of the present are felt more strongly at a distance from the centre, at the intersection of transit paths. Geography in these travels is perceived through anthropological optics, implemented, among other things, through the concepts of the mutual influence of society and space in an unstable world. The experience of alienation is constructed through images of places displayed identically in both travelogues. In Darling’s travelogues, places outside of symbolic meaning come to the fore of the spatio-temporal structure. According to the concept of M. Auger, their features can be attributed to non-places. The key features of the chronotope of both travelogues are the peripheralization of space, the transformation of places into space, and the related process, the representation of non-places. The caricaturists’ texts exhibit genre peripherality through the dual nature of their poetic codes. Behind the secondary nature of the genre constructions of both texts, one cannot help but see individual searches reflected in the unique role and methods of spatial metaphors and imaginary topoi explication. Their semantic and visual density force us to recall and re-estimate the factual writing of the cartoonist in the context of future genre development.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK ON PREPARATION FOR COMPOSITION TRAINING IN PRİMARY SCHOOL

The article examines the ways of preparing younger students to write compositions. For this reason, first of all, the importance to organize work on the systematic analysis of the structural and content features of the reading texts in the textbook is emphasized. It is noted that tasks aimed at understanding the concepts, such as ―text‖, ―idea of text‖, ―parts of text―, ―title‖, ―paragraph‖, ―plan‖, etc. introduce students to the structural features of the text, its composition and help to develop text construction skills.

Representations of Experimentation in Contemporary Arabic Theatre

Art is a dynamic and renewing aesthetic vision. Since the dawn of creativity, arts have sought to break away from tradition and embrace new forms and elements in response to intellectual and other changes. Theatre, in particular, has experimented with its structure and content due to its inherent flexibility and transformative nature. Social and environmental conditions in the Arab world have driven theatre practitioners towards innovation.Many Arab playwrights responded to the events of 1967 by adopting an experimental approach in theatre. Egyptian playwright Sayyed Hafez is a key figure who emerged in the 1970s, contributing significantly to the renewal of theatrical composition. Realizing that traditional theatre was no longer effective in engaging society, Hafez introduced innovative ideas.Until the early 1970s, Arab and Egyptian theatre was predominantly traditional. However, new efforts to revitalize it began with Hafez's experimental play "The Pride of Triviality in the Land of Meaninglessness," which broke classical norms and offered new perspectives on characters, settings, and heroism.Hafez continued his experimental approach in subsequent plays, such as "It Happened as It Happened but No Event Happened," "Silent Drums in the Blue Valleys," and "They Are as They Are but Not the Vagabonds." These works reflect his desire for rebellion and passion for experimentation in theatrical writing.This study aims to analyze the features of experimentation in Sayyed Hafez's theatrical texts and their impact on the construction of the theatrical text. The significance of the research lies in exploring these experimental tendencies, benefiting specialists in theatrical criticism. The objective is to identify representations of experimentation in Hafez's plays.

The Grammar of the Disabled-Able Agency Construing ‘Hindu Studies’: Perusing the Ashtavakra Gita

The Ashtavakra Gita is a metaphysical treatise by Rishiraj Janaka and the able-disable Sage Ashtavakra in Indian mythology. It spans 20 chapters and 285 shlokas, focusing on the post-human and the disabled-able agency. The text is influenced by Hindu Studies and Indian knowledge systems, and its interconnection of ideas, cohesion, consistency, and logic are key research questions. The study explores themes such as the impact of Hindu Studies on Western literature, tangible and intangible identities, and the concept of province and region. The text also explores themes of femininity, iconography, nationalism, time, and regional poetics. The study also explores cultural paraphernalia, mythology, knowledge, detachment, liberation, and the Adwaita philosophy. The paper will examine how the text constructs and conveys concepts of ability and disability through its narrative and philosophical discourse. Additionally, the paper will analyze the linguistic and grammatical frameworks employed to understand the interactions between disabled and able-bodied characters in the context of Hindu religious and philosophical traditions.

MedicalCLIP: Anomaly-Detection Domain Generalization with Asymmetric Constraints.

Medical data have unique specificity and professionalism, requiring substantial domain expertise for their annotation. Precise data annotation is essential for anomaly-detection tasks, making the training process complex. Domain generalization (DG) is an important approach to enhancing medical image anomaly detection (AD). This paper introduces a novel multimodal anomaly-detection framework called MedicalCLIP. MedicalCLIP utilizes multimodal data in anomaly-detection tasks and establishes irregular constraints within modalities for images and text. The key to MedicalCLIP lies in learning intramodal detailed representations, which are combined with text semantic-guided cross-modal contrastive learning, allowing the model to focus on semantic information while capturing more detailed information, thus achieving more fine-grained anomaly detection. MedicalCLIP relies on GPT prompts to generate text, reducing the demand for professional descriptions of medical data. Text construction for medical data helps to improve the generalization ability of multimodal models for anomaly-detection tasks. Additionally, during the text-image contrast-enhancement process, the model's ability to select and extract information from image data is improved. Through hierarchical contrastive loss, fine-grained representations are achieved in the image-representation process. MedicalCLIP has been validated on various medical datasets, showing commendable domain generalization performance in medical-data anomaly detection. Improvements were observed in both anomaly classification and segmentation metrics. In the anomaly classification (AC) task involving brain data, the method demonstrated a 2.81 enhancement in performance over the best existing approach.

Researching Emotional Experiences as Discursive Elements – A Suggested Qualitative Method

As scholars in the fields of political science, media research, and social psychology endeavor to understand crucial aspects of emotionality in the media, there is a growing need to methodologically address the communicative and discursive aspects of affective constructions in media texts. This article argues that by breaking down mediated emotional experiences represented through language in a set of identifiable elements, such as subject, emotion type, valence, intensity, proposed action, and object, those experiences could be used as workable and potent units of analysis when studying discursive and ideological media constructs of emotionality. By connecting insights from emotion science, the sociology of emotions, and media sociology, the qualitative method outlined, Emotional Experience Profiling (EEP), provides a flexible research tool conducive to an understanding of how emotional experiences represented through language in media texts are constructed and how they shape political discourse, identity, and emotional cultures. To demonstrate and illustrate the application of the method, the article provides examples from a pilot study which explores the research question: How do emotional experiences featured in Swedish far-right alternative news media construct and articulate political discourse?

Japanese EFL undergraduate students’ use of the epistemic modal verbs may, might, and could in academic writing

Abstract Modifying and hedging one’s claims appropriately is an important characteristic of academic writing. This study focuses on the three main English modal verbs used to express “epistemic possibility” to avoid making strong statements, viz., may, might, and could. The purpose of this corpus-based study is to explore modal verb usage by Japanese EFL undergraduate students and consider pedagogical implications of our findings. Our analysis suggests that the Japanese students’ use of these modal verbs, especially could, has a tendency to be informal and insufficiently academic. While the Japanese students use could very frequently, they do not use it sufficiently in the sense of “epistemic possibility”, and some of their use is inappropriate not just in academic English but in English more generally. The observed high frequency of could may be related to topics and may also be due to the influence of L1. We discuss different factors that may explain the findings, based mainly on the overview of factors impacting on EFL learners’ use of academic English offered by Gilquin and Paquot (2008). Too chatty: Learner academic writing and register variation. English Text Construction 1(1). 41–61), suggest several additions to this overview, and discuss implications for the instruction of these modal verbs in academic writing and in order to improve relevant teaching materials.

Representing Rural: A Critical Content Analysis of Contemporary Middle Grade Novels Set in Rural Places

Children’s literature contains shared meanings that not only reflect societal norms, but also reinstate and reconstitute societal norms. This study used critical content analysis methods grounded in place theory to analyze the textual constructions of rurality in 52 contemporary, middle grade, realistic fiction novels set in US rural places. Findings revealed five salient themes, three of which are discussed in this article: systems work to keep rural people in poverty; rural people have deep connections to place; and rural people have diverse, intersectional identities. While some middle grade books in the sample move toward challenging stereotypes of rural places as monolithic (e.g., White-majority, socially conservative) by including nuanced portrayals of some characters of color, LGBTQ+ characters, and characters with disabilities, others rely on simplistic and otherwise problematic representations, using familiar tropes about rural people that suggest racial and cultural homogeneity privileging Whiteness and making invisible BIPOC in rural communities. Given the powerful impact of stories on identity formation and sensemaking, this study analyzes textual representations of rural people and places in books for middle grade readers.

“Other and More”: Indian Ocean Literature and the Archipelagic Discourse of the Caribbean

In his 1992 Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Derek Walcott imagines the broken vase and the subsequent reassemblage of its “African and Asiatic” fragments as a metaphor for Caribbean art forms, especially poetry. His vision of the particular archipelagic form of art that is invested in remaking from fragments, while specific to the Caribbean, is also visible in writing from other archipelagic spaces in the Indian Ocean. This article connects the Caribbean concept of the archipelago to the Indian Ocean through an analysis of the way Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor's The Dragonfly Sea (2018) and Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide (2005) each present the littoral island spaces of the Indian Ocean. These texts construct alternatives to the possessive ontology of global capital through their articulation of the unique ontology and aesthetics of the Indian Ocean archipelago, borne out of the specificity of the littoral and its association with permeability, symbiosis, and a “back and forth” mirroring the tides themselves. The article argues that while Owuor's novel, like Walcott, is invested in the ontology and aesthetics of the archipelago as transformative and resistant, Ghosh's novel can be read with Braithwaite's concept of tidalectics as well as Glissant's creolization, to similarly depict the ontology and aesthetics of the archipelago as emerging out of fluidity and change rather than linearity or stasis.