Construction Of Residential Areas Research Articles

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ЖИЛЫХ РАЙОНОВ В ГОРОДАХ

This scientific article is devoted to the study of modern experience and principles of designing residential areas in cities, as well as the study of foreign and domestic literary sources on the design of residential areas. Domestic and foreign examples of developed and built residential projects were analyzed. Based on this research, the author has developed the principles of designing residential areas using the example of a residential area in Simferopol. Subject of research: the design and construction of residential areas. Materials and methods: In the course of the study, literary sources that are in the public domain were analyzed, and the functional zoning of residential areas of cities was analyzed. Results: A comprehensive analysis of foreign and domestic examples of the design of residential areas in cities was carried out. Based on the above information, the principles of designing residential areas have been developed. Conclusions: The analysis showed that most of the residential areas under consideration have similar problems and requirements in the field of urban planning. At the same time, it was determined that the most common are: the use of low-quality outdated materials in the construction of residential buildings, monofunctionality of the environment (for example, exclusively residential buildings), chaotic placement of transport and pedestrian connections, insufficient landscaping of courtyards and public spaces of residential areas.

Predicting the distribution and characteristics of Chinese pangolin habitat in China: Implications for conservation

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is on the verge of extinction. Overuse and habitat loss have decimated the pangolin population across China. Understanding the habitat status of pangolins is a prerequisite for conservation, but this understanding is lacking due to difficulties in surveying and monitoring this species. This study used the MaxEnt model to analyze the current habitat distribution of Chinese pangolins by summarizing distribution records for China from 2010–2022. Moderate- and high-quality habitat of Chinese pangolins covers about 554,025 km2, mainly in 10 provinces in East and South China, together with a small area in Yunnan and Tibet. The majority of pangolin habitats (89.32%) were distributed in the forests of low mountains and hills; only 8.92% of habitats overlap with protected areas. Prey abundance and climate are key factors affecting pangolin distribution. Land-use changes leading to habitat encroachment and/or affecting prey abundance, and climate change may underlie their shrinking distribution. Considering that the current protected area coverage of Chinese pangolin habitat is low, we recommend adjusting or expanding the boundaries of protected areas to improve coverage. The focus should be on strengthening the population and habitat management of Chinese pangolin outside protected areas. Within pangolin ranges, conservation can be achieved through improving the education of community residents, implementing stronger community economic development policies, replacing lost logging income from residents’ private forest land with economic compensation, and strictly regulating the location of infrastructure and residential area construction. The goal of these four key actions is to increase the public’s awareness and enthusiasm for pangolins, reduce the willingness of community residents to hunt pangolin, and prevent the destruction of and encroachment into existing pangolin habitat.

Как и почему «человейники» разрушают социальный комфорт мегаполисов?

The problem of construction of residential areas in large Russian cities in the form of so-called ‘human buildings’ in the form of a concentration of high-rise apartment buildings (MKD), which arose several years after the collapse of the USSR in 1991, is becoming more and more aggravated every year. MKDs are often built in violation of current building codes and regulations; almost all new residential complexes lack the necessary social infrastructure (primarily kindergartens, schools, clinics), which, in the absence of sufficient space for residents’ personal cars, creates conditions for uncomfortable living in MKDs. This approach does not correspond to modern ideas about the comfortable life of people in large cities, and it does not take into account such an important factor as internal mass migration (the outflow of residents from the northern and eastern regions of the country).

Green Open Space Analysis with Utilization Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System in Banda Aceh City

Banda Aceh City, the capital of Aceh Province, has experienced both urban development and an increase in population. The increase in the physical development of the city in the form of the construction of residential areas, transportation facilities, trade, industry, and other services has resulted in an increase in the transfer of land from open space to built-up space, which in turn has an impact on reducing green open space (RTH). The purpose of this research is to determine whether the city of Banda Aceh has fulfilled the status of a city with sufficient green open space of 30% of the total area of ​​Banda Aceh city if studied through remote sensing. This study aimed to analyze the green open spaces of Banda Aceh City based on remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The scope of this research is the entire district of Banda Aceh City. The proportion of Banda Aceh City that must be made into an open green area is a minimum of 1,840.89 ha (30%) with the provisions of 20% public green open space and 10% private green open space. Data processing methods and techniques use Spatial analysis with exploratory methods. Based on the results of data analysis through remote sensing. This study concludes that Banda Aceh City's green open space is currently 2,461.57 ha (41.11%), with the distribution of public green open space of 878.24 ha (14.31%) and private green open space of 1,583.32 ha (25.80%). It cannot be said that it meets the criteria for the number of green open spaces because the number of private green open spaces is greater than the number of public green open spaces.

Adequate Budgetary Allocation and Infrastructural Projects Implementation in Shenzhen City Projects, China

Adequate budgetary allocation plays a crucial role in facilitating the successful implementation of infrastructural projects. It ensures that sufficient funds are allocated to meet the various needs of the projects, including construction, materials, and labor costs. With adequate budgetary allocation, projects can be completed on time and within the planned scope, minimizing delays and cost overruns. It also allows for the incorporation of high-quality materials and technologies, ensuring the longevity and functionality of the infrastructure. Furthermore, adequate budgetary allocation enables governments and organizations to prioritize and invest in critical sectors such as transportation, water supply, energy, and communication, thereby fostering economic growth and improving the quality of life for communities. The study utilized the descriptive research design. The target population was 25 projects in Shenzhen City, China. The study did sampling of 20 respondents that were selected from the target population of 25 projects in Shenzhen City, China. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study concluded that adequate budgetary allocation has allowed Shenzhen to undertake numerous large-scale projects, including the development of a modern transportation network. The infrastructural projects have significantly improved the quality of life for Shenzhen's residents. Adequate budgetary allocation has allowed for the construction of residential areas with modern amenities, parks, and recreational facilities. The implementation of infrastructural projects has attracted investment and stimulated economic growth in Shenzhen. The study recommended that to ensure efficient implementation and management of infrastructural projects, Shenzhen should actively foster public-private partnerships (PPPs). While investing in infrastructure, Shenzhen should prioritize inclusivity and equity. This involves considering the needs of all citizens, including vulnerable groups and marginalized communities, in the planning and implementation of infrastructural projects. Keywords: Budgetary Allocation, Infrastructural Projects Implementation, China

Ensemble learning framework for landslide susceptibility mapping: Different basic classifier and ensemble strategy

The application of ensemble learning models has been continuously improved in recent landslide susceptibility research, but most studies have no unified ensemble framework. Moreover, few papers have discussed the applicability of the ensemble learning model in landslide susceptibility mapping at the township level. This study aims at defining a robust ensemble framework that can become the benchmark method for future research dealing with the comparison of different ensemble models. For this purpose, the present work focuses on three different basic classifiers: decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), and multi-layer perceptron neural network model (MLPNN) and two homogeneous ensemble models such as random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The hierarchical construction of deep ensemble relied on two leading ensemble technologies (i.e., homogeneous/heterogeneous model ensemble and bagging, boosting, stacking ensemble strategy) to provide a more accurate and effective spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The selected study area is Dazhou town, located in the Jurassic red-strata area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China, which is a strategic economic area currently characterized by widespread landslide risk. Based on a long-term field investigation, the inventory counting thirty-three slow-moving landslide polygons was drawn. The results show that the ensemble models do not necessarily perform better; for instance, the Bagging based DT-SVM-MLPNN-XGBoost model performed worse than the single XGBoost model. Amongst the eleven tested models, the Stacking based RF-XGBoost model, which is a homogeneous model based on bagging, boosting, and stacking ensemble, showed the highest capability of predicting the landslide-affected areas. Besides, the factor behaviors of DT, SVM, MLPNN, RF and XGBoost models reflected the characteristics of slow-moving landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area, wherein unfavorable lithological conditions and intense human engineering activities (i.e., reservoir water level fluctuation, residential area construction, and farmland development) are proven to be the key triggers. The presented approach could be used for landslide spatial occurrence prediction in similar regions and other fields.

Principal Component Analysis Application for Determining Factors Influencing Drainage Construction Process in Residential Areas

Banda Aceh experiences flood-related problems yearly, specifically during peak rains, which inundates several residential areas and municipal protocol roads. One of the most effective ways of resolving this problem is by constructing drainage channels in settlements. However, there are various problems associated with using this process in the survey, planning, and construction stages. During the development process, numerous obstacles are experienced from various factors, thereby leading to less optimal planning and implementation process. Therefore, this research aims to determine the dominant factors influencing drainage construction in residential areas in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. This is a quantitative research with data collected through a questionnaire from 200 respondents involved in constructing residential area drainage in Banda Aceh City from 2017 to 2020. The factors evaluated were pre-planning, planning, and implementation, which were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the factors influencing the drainage construction of residential areas in Banda Aceh City consist of implementation barriers, implementation discrepancies, pre-planning, planning, land acquisition, and community involvement with a total variance of 70.449%, while the dominating factor has a variance of 31.030%.

GREENING OF LVIV: A REVIEW THROUGH HISTORY

The article highlights and analyzes the main periods of development of urban green areas of Lviv from the founding of the princely city to the present day. Methods of historical analysis and analysis of the scientific literature were used in the study to find the relationship between historical conditions and periods of development of green areas. Statistical analysis was also used to study statistics on green space, city area and population. Several main periods were identified during the study. The first period - the twelfth century. until 1777 – a period of rapid development of the "city in the walls" and changes in the surrounding lands. The first attempts at organized landscaping in the courtyards of monasteries and nearby cemeteries took place at this time. In the following period from 1777. by 1948, the decision to dismantle the walls and create the first planned landscaping of the city was made. Also, large parks near the estates of noble families were built. Since 1948 after 1917 the ecological situation in the city has deteriorated due to the active development of technology and industry, and the construction of residential areas with gardens has revived. Holding a National Exhibition in the 90s of the XIX century. was the impetus for the creation of new green areas. In the period of 1918 until 1939 the pace of landscaping of the city decreased, landscaping was organized mainly in the central part. At this time, Drexler's idea of expanding Lviv was realized, and the idea of forming a structure of landscaping in the form of three concentric circles is still relevant. From 1939 to 1980, the city's landscaping was actively and gradually developed, new parks were created, and suburban green areas for recreation were developed. The most modern stage – from gaining Independence to the present day – is the period when green areas need planned improvement and protection. The study confirmed the view that green areas are closely linked to historical events, such as wars or the active development of certain areas of the economy. Also, only quantitative indicators of green areas do not fully inform about the filling of the city with green spaces at different times, so it is necessary to take into account the qualitative characteristics.

Society of Workers’ Housing Estates and its attempt to overcome the residential crisis in interwar Poland

After the Great War, one of the most challenging obstacles of the newly recreated Polish state was to ensure residential space for the group of citizens most vulnerable to exclusion. Labourers indeed required an inexpensive and modest habitations maintaining modern sanitary standards. Such facilities were underrepresented in Poland at that time. Mostly overpriced and unsanitary flats were offered in 19th-century housing. Also new housing, although with all modern amenities, did not provide flats with parameters that could meet the expectations of the least wealthy of labourers. In such circumstances, at the end of 1934, a new state-owned company was created – the Society of Workers’ Housing Estate (Towarzystwo Osiedli Robotniczych). Its aim was to build and grant loans for the construction of residential areas with flats meeting the needs of the lower-class labourers. Despite the difficulties, up to 1939, thousands of new flats were built under the Society’s initiative. All these investments exemplify a successful and far-reaching social policy of Second Polish Republic that made residential crisis manageable.

The peculiarities of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf

This article follows the stages of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf. These large cities have emerged as populated localities in different historical periods. This has played a certain role in formation of the urban landscape. The author determines the stages of urban development of these cities. Depending on the period of establishment of the populated locality, the author distinguished from six (Najaf) to three (Al-Kūt and Amarah) stages of formation of the functional planning structure. The historical periods of Iraq impacted the formation of urban planning periodization and models of the ongoing urban processes. The article reviews the models of urban processes proposed by Western scholars, and their influence upon the formation of new characteristics of Iraqi urbanism in the modern landscape of the listed cities. The Iraqi cities have certain similarity in functional planning structure; however, each city has own peculiarities that define its uniqueness. The uniqueness of cities is determined by a number of characteristics: the hierarchy of urban structure, architectural image of the city, social harmony through the organization of residential environment, transport and pedestrian accessibility, recreation and tourism sites, human resources, and level of environmental pollution. As a result  of studying Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf, it is revealed that Najaf plays a special religious role among Shiite Muslims; it also features archaeological sites attractive for tourists, such as the ancient mosques and churches. Al-Kūt and Amarah also have a rich history, although they have emerged in a later period. Urbanization of Iraq is particularly specific with regards to residential developments in the new urban districts. It manifests in the construction of residential areas by the type of professional activity (for example, a district for teachers, workers, police, etc.)

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ И КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ БЛОКОВ В ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ЖИЛИЩНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ГОРОДА

Currently, the housing complex of cities is influenced by two trends. On the one hand, construction companies offer elite housing for wealthy residents of the city, and on the other hand, dense construction of residential areas with a high concentration of affordable housing for people with modest incomes is proceeding at a high pace. The growth rate of housing construction is stable and has been practically unaffected by sanctions and the pandemic. The basis for the sustainability of the pace of housing construction in the country has become state programs and state support measures aimed at improving the quality of life of people. Today there are 1117 cities in Russia, each of which differs in many parameters and characteristics, which implies individual approaches not only to housing development, but also to the needs of the population living in them. The share of the urban population in Russia at the beginning of 2020 was 74.7% [1]. Modern cities are experiencing difficulties in solving the issues of life support for their residents. The organization of life support for the city's housing complex is generally standard, taking into account the key functions of the municipality, and has significant differences determined by its qualitative characteristics and the density of logistics flows, which should be taken into account by the appropriate logistics system. Therefore, the purpose and purpose of urban logistics is: to meet the needs of its residents; rational organization of material and social flows in space and time, ensuring the maximum orientation of all production and economic activities of municipal enterprises to meet the needs of the population. The logistics of the city, municipal logistics, determines the formation of the logistics supporting infrastructure of its housing complex on the basis of the integration of all logistics flows in order to optimize them and minimize costs, release resources to improve the quality of life and improve the urban environment. The construction of the logistics of the city's housing complex should be based on the interconnection of operational and commercial blocks, which will lead to minimizing costs and increasing the quality of meeting the needs of city residents.

Use of WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) to Determine Land Priorities for Development of Paddy Fields in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia

Gorontalo Regency has the largest paddy field area in Gorontalo province. The increase in population and the high demand for land for the construction of residential areas, trade areas and services, and the construction of accessibility will put great pressure on paddy fields. Uncontrolled conversion of paddy fields causes a decrease in paddy fields. Paddy fields as a rice-producing container should be maintained and protected so that the paddy needs in Gorontalo Regency are still fulfilled. Optimization of paddy fields needs to be done by the Gorontalo Regency government as an effort to increase the area of paddy fields. This study aims to determine priority lands for the development of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency. Determination of priority land for growing wetland uses using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method based on geographic information systems (GIS). The parameters used consist of driving factors and inhibiting factors. Types of land use that have land rent are forests, shrubs and moor. The criteria that influence the development of paddy field use are the distance from the paddy fields, the distance from the bush, the distance from the moor, the distance from the river and the distance from the small road. Land that has a high priority for the development of paddy land use is 6,656 ha (3.01%), medium priority land is 4,721 ha (2.16%), low priority land is 4,671 ha (2.14%) and very low priority land for development in paddy field use is 202,155 ha (92.68%).

ADVANTAGES OF QUARTER BUILDING IN THE FORMATION OF A COMFORTABLE LIVING ENVIRONMENT

The article presents a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of planning elements “quarter” and “microdistrict”, identifies their significant differences; provides an analysis of the development of approaches to the construction of residential areas in Russia in terms of creating a comfortable urban environment for human life; reveals the advantages of modern quarter as a planning element of residential development.

Studi Alih Fungsi Lahan Hutan Sagu Sebagai Perumahan Residence Di Kabupaten Jayapura

Land problems in urban areas are very complex land issues, high rates of population growth, accompanied by the construction of residential areas, industrial estates and shopping areas which have led to increasing demands for land supply. In line with land use and urban land development, it causes frequent conflicts or land problems. The Nontrol Village of East Sentani District is one of the villages that has a Sago Forest Land which is protected by the Sago Forest Protection Act, and due to water infiltration, the community around the project area is very disturbed by the existence of the project and the income from Sagu begins to decrease , fish catches start to decrease, and pollute clean water. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors related to regulation and the issuance of permits for the construction of Residence Residence in Nindung City in the Sago Forest Protected Area. Analyzing the impact of the construction of the Recidence Nendali City housing on the Environment and Social Conditions of the Nontrol Village Community. The analytical method used to answer the research objectives is the descriptive method, where the descriptive method covers repetitive approaches to the object description at the study location. Research is not only limited to the stages of data collection but also includes analysis and processing of data. Whereas in this study began with collective data collection which was carried out through surveys and direct observations on the study sites which previously carried out literature studies as theoretical basic material.

РАЗВИТИЕ ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ДРЕВНИХ ГОРОДОВ МАРОККО НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. МАРРАКЕШ

The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.

Use of WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) to Determine Land Priorities for Development of Paddy Fields in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia

Gorontalo Regency has the largest paddy field area in Gorontalo province. The increase in population and the high demand for land for the construction of residential areas, trade areas and services, and the construction of accessibility will put great pressure on paddy fields. Uncontrolled conversion of paddy fields causes a decrease in paddy fields. Paddy fields as a rice-producing container should be maintained and protected so that the paddy needs in Gorontalo Regency are still fulfilled. Optimization of paddy fields needs to be done by the Gorontalo Regency government as an effort to increase the area of paddy fields. This study aims to determine priority lands for the development of paddy fields in Gorontalo Regency. Determination of priority land for growing wetland uses using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method based on geographic information systems (GIS). The parameters used consist of driving factors and inhibiting factors. Types of land use that have land rent are forests, shrubs and moor. The criteria that influence the development of paddy field use are the distance from the paddy fields, the distance from the bush, the distance from the moor, the distance from the river and the distance from the small road. Land that has a high priority for the development of paddy land use is 6,656 ha (3.01%), medium priority land is 4,721 ha (2.16%), low priority land is 4,671 ha (2.14%) and very low priority land for development in paddy field use is 202,155 ha (92.68%).

Concept Development Housing and Settlement of Coastal Areas based on Eco-Green: Case Study-Coastal Areas Babelan and Tarumajaya District Bekasi West Java, Indonesia

The physical character of coastal settlements as residential areas characterized by the collective activity as fishermen. These activities serve as fishermen's settlements identity that is implemented in a good space utilization personal space in a dwelling, as well as communal spaces in residential areas along the coast. Routines fishing activity occurs continuously, thus making the coastal area as a space that has activity throughout the day both day and night. In the context of settlements, typology functions as coastal settlements with fishing activity, showed a difference that is quite thick. This study aims to give the concept of the arrangement and construction of residential areas and settlements in the coastal area of eco-green-based, so that the quality of housing and residential environment for the better. The methodology used in this study was conducted on the basis of the actual condition of residential areas and settlements in the study area in District Babelan, and Tarumajaya as described earlier in the discussion forward and combined with the assessment parameters based eco-green. The variables that were examined consisted of eight (8) components were: 1) State of the Environment, 2) Administration Building, 3) Water, 4) Wastewater, 5) Drainage, 6) Waste, 7) Energy, and 8) Transportation. Based on the results of surveys and interviews show one housing unit occupied by a family of 2-3. This resulted in the number of residents in one house numbers between 8-11 people. A large number of families in one house unit was based on a very close family relationship that is in the relationship of parents and children, or fellow brothers, even though they already have their own families. Owners of residential buildings remained based on joint ownership with the parents as the primary owner. The system shows that the system of living together is a common practice. Democratization in the family makes this habit become commonplace. Based on the eco-green concept in the arrangement and construction of housing and settlements in coastal areas, covering several things: 1. Green open space region, including the concept of structuring riparian area is the concept of improving the quality of housing; 2. The concept of road network development; 3. The concept of waste handling; 4. The concept of clean water treatment; 5. The concept of wastewater treatment plants.

Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Domestik Menggunakan Metode Regresi di Kota Bogor

Abstract : Increasing of population in a region is directly proportional to its development. Large number of populations resulted in the wider construction of residential areas. Construction of residential areas requires a clean water supply to fulfill households water demand. The purpose of this research were to analyze the domestic water demand and water availability in Bogor City, and to analyze the suitability between the domestic water supply and demand in Bogor City. The research was done from February to May 2018. This research needed data of population, hydrogeological map and annual river discharge. The correlation between population to domestic water demand using regression method was showed with equation Y = 19549X + 801520 . In 20 years ahead domestic water demand will 80,328,688.57 m 3 and total water demand will 125,312,754.2 m 3 , while total surface water availability will 174,078,720 m 3 /year. Domestic water availability in Bogor would decrease and would make clean water shortage after 2049 when population reached 1,720,323 persons. Keyword : domestic, surface water, water demand, water supply.

Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Menjadi Kawasan Pemukiman Di Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar

Transfer of Agricultural Land Function into Settlement Area in Polewali Mandar District Polewali District. Increasing the number of residents indirectly affects the amount of housing demand. The construction of housing areas in Polewali Subdistrict, Polewali Mandar Regency has increased along with population growth. For these activities, developers often utilize and convert agricultural land. In this case the Regional Government through the RTRW Regulation No.2 of 2013 concerning the 2012-2032 Polewali Mandar District Spatial Plan has a role in regulating and controlling the use of agricultural land. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. In this study the results showed that the conversion of agricultural land to the construction of residential areas was regulated in the establishment of spatial patterns for residential areas, while the percentage of agricultural land diverted to housing was 2,091 ha with uneven distribution in all Polewali Mandar Districts.

The Hierarchical Planning of Traffic Calming in Opening Residential Areas

Opinions on Further Strengthening the urban planning and construction management, which states that in principle, construction of residential areas are no longer closed. And residential areas have been built should be gradually opened to public, in order to resolve road network layout problems and promote economical use of land. On the one hand the opening residential areas maybe relieve the traffic press, on the other hand a large number of though traffic into the residential areas will reduce the quality of life for residents of concerns about safety, noise and pollution. How to ease the contradiction between the two is a serious problem. Traffic calming which can alleviate the adverse effects of motor vehicle use, should be used in opening residential areas to reduce occurrence of excessive speeding and through traffic. Many countries have sophisticated and organized methods to carry out the measures, and have achieved some results. While our country does not have well defined and systematic study process to facilitate traffic calming measures, and the “people first” concept of traffic calming is not popular. After illustrating the advantages of traffic calming device in other countries, the objective of this research is to investigate and analyse the effects of some measures which used in opening residential areas, the aim is to establish traffic calming device selection process guiding principles to be introduced in China.