Construction Of Representations Research Articles

DSMENet: Detail and Structure Mutually Enhancing Network for under-sampled MRI reconstruction

Reconstructing zero-filled MR images (ZF) from partial k-space by convolutional neural networks (CNN) is an important way to accelerate MRI. However, due to the lack of attention to different components in ZF, it is challenging to learn the mapping from ZF to targets effectively. To ameliorate this issue, we propose a Detail and Structure Mutually Enhancing Network (DSMENet), which benefits from the complementary of the Structure Reconstruction UNet (SRUN) and the Detail Feature Refinement Module (DFRM). The SRUN learns structure-dominated information at multiple scales. And the DRFM enriches detail-dominated information from coarse to fine. The bidirectional alternate connections then exchange information between them. Moreover, the Detail Representation Construction Module (DRCM) extracts valuable initial detail representation for DFRM. And the Detail Guided Fusion Module (DGFM) facilitates the deep fusion of these complementary information. With the help of them, various components in ZF can be applied with discriminative attentions and mutually enhanced. In addition, the performance can be further improved by the Deep Enhanced Restoration (DER), a strategy based on recursion and constrain. Extensive experiments on fastMRI and CC-359 datasets demonstrate that DSMENet has robustness in terms of various body parts, under-sampling rates, and masks. Furthermore, DSMENet can achieve promising performance on qualitative and quantitative results, especially the competitive NMSE of 0.0268, PSNE of 33.7, and SSIM of 0.7808 on fastMRI 4 × single-coil knee leaderboard.

MEAT FROM HOME: MODES AND MEANINGS OF THE MOVEMENT OF MEAT PRODUCTS FROM DAGESTAN TO THE CITIES OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

The translocal mode of labor migration between the Republic of Dagestan and the Arctic and subarctic cities of Western Siberia gives rise to specific practices of materiality associated with the transportation of things between sending and receiving societies. Food products in this series occupy the most prominent place both in terms of the scale of transfers and in terms of their importance in the daily life of migrants from Dagestan in northern cities.
 The article analyzes various options and mechanisms for the movement of meat and meat products through Dagestan migrant networks. Attention will be paid to the movement of meat as a multi-stage process - from its preparation in Dagestan to the organization of a storage system in a migrant's family. In this case, both commercial transfers and family and compatriot parcels will be of interest, since in both cases similar schemes can be used and the same networks are involved. Meat, intended primarily for migrants, becomes a migrant itself in the process of shipment, its appearance in the place of migration is endowed with meanings and characteristics associated with migration between these regions as a whole.
 Through the role and scale of the use of Dagestan meat in the daily practices of migrants' nutrition, the article demonstrates one of the aspects of constructing the translocal world of Dagestanis working in Arctic cities. In particular, of interest are the reciprocity regime both within the migrant community and between migrants and non-migrants in Dagestan, as well as the construction of symbolic representations of an abandoned house and a house built in migration, reflection on the degree of complementarity of the material worlds of Dagestan and the north, their fundamental differences and benefits.

Generalized Long–Moody functors

In this paper, we generalize the principle of the Long-Moody construction for representations of braid groups to other groups, such as mapping class groups of surfaces. Namely, we introduce endofunctors over a functor category that encodes representations of a family of groups. They are called Long-Moody functors and provide new representations. In this context, notions of polynomial functors are defined and play an important role in the study of homological stability. We prove that, under additional assumptions, a Long-Moody functor increases the very strong and weak polynomial degrees of functors by one.

Confinement : construction d’une nouvelle représentation sociale chez les étudiants et les salariés

IntroductionThe lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was a brutal experience that had a lasting impact on people's daily lives. ObjectiveThe construction of the social representation of this event was monitored over one year in two sampling phases (March 2020 and March 2021). MethodThe evolution of social representation was carried out using the hierarchical verbal association method and a characterisation questionnaire. ResultsThe results obtained highlighted, on one hand, the emergence of a figurative core, which is transformed into a central core by the repetition and pressure of the lockdown episodes. On the other hand, the variability of the social representation of confinement according to social status, employees structure the social representation around isolation whereas students are focused on loneliness. ConclusionThe effects of lockdown are reflected in the social representation of confinement, showing an impact on mental health, particularly on students.

Combining Retrieval Practice and Generative Learning in Educational Contexts

Abstract. Engaging learners in practicing the retrieval of learned information fosters the consolidation of learners’ mental representations and hence long-term retention. Retrieval practice research has enriched the instructional design literature by providing a wealth of evidence for these benefits of retrieval-based learning and thus emphasizing the value of means to consolidate knowledge. The present article makes the case that a fruitful next step could be to focus on the interplay between retrieval practice and generative activities. Rather than consolidating mental representations, generative activities should have as their main function the construction of coherent mental representations. Hence, from a theoretical perspective, generative activities and retrieval practice should functionally complement each other; hence, combinations of both activities might be particularly suitable to promote lasting learning. Given the challenge to beneficially combine these activities, we discuss open questions that could substantially advance both the retrieval practice and the generative learning field.

Advances in Data Repositories for ncRNA-Protein Interaction Predictions Based on Machine Learning: A Mini-Review

Background: This study aims at exploring the advances in data repositories for predicting interactions between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and corresponding proteins. NcRNAs are a class of ribonucleic acid that lacks the potential for protein translation. A series of studies indicated that ncRNAs play critical roles in epigenetic regulations, chromatin remodeling, transcription process, and post-transcriptional processing. Since ncRNAs function with associated proteins during complex biological procedures, it is important to identify ncRNA-protein interactions, which will provide guidance for exploring the internal molecular mechanisms. Recently, a variety of machine learning methods have emerged, with the lower cost and time-saving advantages compared to experimental methods. In machine learning, the performance of classification models is often affected by the quality of input samples and their features. Aim: Thus, the study intends to introduce the related data sources used in predicting ncRNAprotein interactions (ncRPIs) based on machine learning. Methods: We searched related literature from different sources, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the search terms “machine learning”, “repository”, “non-coding RNA”, and “protein”. In this work, we described the databases applied to the dataset construction and feature representation in the ncRPIs prediction task. Results: This study reviews the application of the benchmark dataset construction and conventional feature representation during ncRPI prediction processes. Furthermore, the source, main functions, and development status of each database are also discussed in this work. Conclusion: With the development of high-throughput technologies for generating ncRPIs and constructing related databases, machine learning would become a necessary research means, enriching the prediction methods of ncRPIs. Due to an increase in improved databases, the resources of molecular structures, functions, and genetic information for data mining have increased, enhancing the credibility of ncRPI prediction based on machine learning. We believe that the databases will be more widely used in disease research, drug development, and many other fields.

On the heuristic power of mathematical representations

I argue that mathematical representations can have heuristic power since their construction can be ampliative. To this end, I examine how a representation (a) introduces elements and properties into the represented object that it does not contain at the beginning of its construction, and (b) how it guides the manipulations of the represented object in ways that restructure its components by gradually adding new pieces of information to produce a hypothesis in order to solve a problem.In addition, I defend an ‘inferential’ approach to the heuristic power of representations by arguing that these representations draw on ampliative inferences such as analogies and inductions. In effect, in order to construct a representation, we have to ‘assimilate’ diverse things, and this requires identifying similarities between them. These similarities form the basis for ampliative inferences that gradually build hypotheses to solve a problem.To support my thesis, I analyse two examples. The first one is intra-field (intra-mathematical), that is, the construction of an algebraic representation of 3-manifolds; the second is inter-fields, that is, the construction of a topological representation of DNA supercoiling.

Stable Vectors in Dual Vinberg Representations of F4

AbstractThis paper gives a classification of stable vectors in dual Vinberg representations coming from a graded Lie algebra of type F4 in a way that is independent of the field of definition. Relating these gradings to Moy–Prasad filtrations, we obtain the input for Reeder–Yu’s construction of epipelagic supercuspidal representations. As a corollary, this construction gives new supercuspidal representations of $F_{4}(\mathbb {Q}_{p})$ F 4 ( ℚ p ) when p is small.

La transición psicosocial del ingreso a la universidad en mujeres de la Licenciatura en Psicología

Social representations constitute a valuable access route for understanding how young women face the psychosocial transition when they graduate from university and their personological integration. The presentation is derived from the macro-investigation, called: Social representations of study, work, self-perception and future anticipations in some students of the Faculty of Psychology of the National University of San Luis (Argentina). In-depth interviews are analyzed in a sub-sample of ten women entering the Bachelor of Psychology, aged 18 years. Its essential objective materializes in the understanding of the state of the most relevant social representations linked to study, work, anticipations of the future and perception of themselves considering the social and subjective dimension. The research has a descriptive-interpretative scope with a qualitative route. The collected material converges with the relevant concepts of the field of Guidance Psychology, axes that are articulated with the analysis from a gender perspective. The socio-cultural, economic and social context assumes a central hierarchy in the construction of social representations, as well as in the configuration of identity and life project; aspects recreated from its singularity in this study.

Cinematic Comanches: The Lone Ranger in the Media Borderlands by Dustin Tahmahkera

Reviewed by: Cinematic Comanches: The Lone Ranger in the Media Borderlands by Dustin Tahmahkera Kerry Fine Cinematic Comanches: The Lone Ranger in the Media Borderlands. By Dustin Tahmahkera. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022. 288 pp. Illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, filmography, index. $35.00 paper. In his new study of Indigenous representation, Dustin Tahmahkera (Comanche), the Wick Cary Endowed Chair in Native American Cultural Studies, builds a complex and nuanced study of Comanche presence in film and other types of media. Tahmahkera raises important questions of representational agency and power: “who represents whom, and in effect, who lays claim to Comanche significations” (11). In so doing, he engages with “Comanche” as a signifier in order to capture that power of representation to present Comanches as a living, breathing, contemporary peoples, rather than as a group frozen in the past, particularly the past as represented by the supposed fall of the Comanche empire, while also resisting a monolithic construction of Comanche representation and of the Comanche as a people. Tahmahkera grounds the project in the Comanchería, both in the traditional territory and reach of the Comanche and in their continued presence as the Comanche Nation, currently headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The introduction and chapter 1 establish Tahmahkera’s guiding concepts and provide an informative, in-depth, and Comanche-centric examination of Comanches (both real and fictional) as cast, crew, and creators in film, including Tahmahkera’s great-great-great-grandfather, Comanche chief Quanah Parker. Importantly, Tahmahkera’s concepts, including the media borderlands, cinematic Comanches, and representational jurisdiction, serve as the ground for the rest of the book, which focuses on Disney’s The Lone Ranger (2013) and actor Johnny Depp’s notorious performance as [End Page 362] Tonto, a Comanche character. Though the book focuses on the film at length, it is not a study of the film, but rather an examination of the film positioned inside the Comanche-centered concepts and cinematic history. Chapter 2 provides an especially interesting and developed analysis of Johnny Depp’s controversial adoption by Comanche elder LaDonna Harris, which Tahmahkera positions as a contemporary captivity narrative that opens a space for Comanche influence in the production of the film. Importantly, the “capture” of Johnny Depp reveals important moves by Comanche elders and leaders to gain agency in the production of The Lone Ranger. Playing on the idea of capture/adoption as a way to replenish the tribe and establish networks of relationship, Harris’s savvy move presents a type of intervention that allowed the tribe to have more input than they otherwise might have had in the creation of the film and created actual benefits to the peoples represented in the film. Chapter 3 engages with the film in a more conventional, but still Comanche-centered, textual analysis, and chapter 4 presents a textured and focused Comanche-centered reception studies–type examination. Cinematic Comanches presents an important conjunction of Native American studies and film and media studies. Additionally, it illuminates both past and present Comanche participation in the representation of Comanche people across representative media, raising important conversations about the futurity of this representation and resisting the so-called fall of the Comanches by depicting them as a people very much participating in their culture, past, present, and future. Kerry Fine Department of English Arizona State University Copyright © 2023 Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

{IBNC}: Integrated Boundary and Natural {CSG} for Polyhedra (Review, Simplifications, and Integration of Prior Art)

To improve rendering performance or reduce implementation difficulty, when rendering, animating, or processing a solid with curved faces, its polyhedral approximation is often used. The polyhedron, R , and each one of its faces are usually modeled in Brep (i.e. Boundary representation). To improve numeric accuracy and processing performance, it may be useful to also have an NCrep (i.e. Natural Constructive representation) that models R as the regularized CSG combination of the natural halfspaces, which are bounded by planes that contain the faces referenced in the Brep. We review several BtoNC (Brep to NCrep) conversion schemes and propose a simplification, a reformulation, and a novel combination of some of them to define a new NCrep representation, which we named MAS (for Match Aggregate of Sectors), where each cell (i.e. face, edge, vertex), c , of R is associated with a sector, an NCrep of the localization of R to the neighborhood of c . R , each face of R , and the sector of each vertex of R are the regularization of their MAS or of its complement. The proposed IBNC (Integrated Boundary and Natural CSG) annotates the Brep corners with easily computed binary tags, making it possible to process each MAS directly (i.e. without BtoNC conversion). • Integrated Boundary and CSG Representation for Polygons and Polyhedra. • Boundary-to-CSG Conversion for Polygons and Polyhedra. • Trimming CSG models of faces of a polyhedron from its Brep.

On the Premise of a Swarm Guidance Ontology for Human-Swarm Teaming

Effective Human-Swarm Teaming (HST) relies on bi-directional information flow between the human and the swarm. Systems with human control or oversight rely on information flow from the swarm to the humans to inform decisions, while information that flows back from humans is only that necessary for actuation, which remains primarily physical. To unlock the full potential of HSTs, the augmentation must extend into the overall logic of teaming, including both the human’s and machine’s cognitive domains, whereby an AI-equipped robot teammate is capable of complex cognitive functions. The effectiveness of HST will need a sufficient level of transparency in the interaction space formed by the bi-directional information flow between the human and the swarm. This transparency must continuously and constructively interpret the information exchanged between the human and the swarm to afford both cognitive agents with the capacity to form shared understanding and situation awareness, and thus, facilitating effective teaming through trust. An ontology is one formal representational construct that enables bi-directional interpretation, thus, transparency. In this paper, we conceptualise and present a meta-ontology for transparent HST interactions.

Comprensión oral y escrita: efectos de la estructura textual

Reading comprehension is the ability to create a mental representation of a written text. It constitutes the main mechanism through children incorporate new knowledge at school age. Reading comprehension achievement has been systematically associated with oral comprehension and reading rate. Furthermore, both oral and reading comprehension has been related to inferences generation and different linguistic abilities, like vocabulary and syntax processing. In the case of text comprehension, also orthographic recognition of written words plays a fundamental role and, for that reason, reading comprehension would be a greater challenge than oral comprehension for early readers. Indeed, word recognition during reading is essential for text meaning construction. It is well known that a slow and laborious reading mechanism would overload cognitive processing and that reading automaticity is essential to carry out text processing. Longitudinal studies realized in different orthographies indicated that reading rate was the variable that had greatest impact on reading comprehension in early readers. In studies carried out in shallow orthographies, it was also observed that reading performance have an important impact on reading comprehension measure after 3 to 5 years of instruction. However, although impact of reading skills and oral comprehension mechanisms on reading comprehension has been reported in several studies, there is another important factor to consider: text structure. Studies propose that children tend to understand “narrative schemas” more easily since they are exposed to this type of text from a very early age. Likewise, all narrative texts present, in general, the same type of structure, respect temporal sequence of events and focus on story characters, their actions and motivations. In contrast, expository texts present new information to children, are oriented to a specific topic, contain less familiar and more technical vocabulary and a higher level of abstraction. This type of structure presents numerous cohesive connections and greater propositional density than narrative texts. The present study aims to compare listening and reading comprehension of narrative and expository text. For this, a group of 32 4th graders was evaluated in oral and reading comprehension of narrative and expository texts. In reading comprehension test, children read narrative and expository texts and then orally answered a series of questions. In oral comprehension, both narrative and expository texts were read aloud to children and then they answered questions about the texts orally. Vocabulary and reading rate were also measured. Data analysis shows correlations between oral comprehension and vocabulary. Reading comprehension were associated to vocabulary, oral comprehension and reading rate. Results suggest that oral and reading comprehension are associated with different linguistic skills and to each support access skills. In comprehension test, measures show higher performance in narrative oral comprehension texts when compared to reading comprehension. This result could be related to children reading rate. In fact, reading performance shows that children were “slow readers” according to the reading tests scales used in this study. Difference between oral and written comprehension in narrative texts, was not transferred to expository. In this type of texts children had low scores, without significant differences, in oral and reading comprehension. Results suggested that expository structures challenge children comprehension in both, oral and written modality. It is suggested that different types of expository texts difficult hierarchization of information that allows, in turn, the construction of text mental representation. Data of this study suggest the importance of establish interventions that allow children to improv text processing for access higher levels of comprehension in different textual structures. Furthermore, it is necessary in educational practices to expose children to expository structures from an early age. On the other hand, it is necessary to rethink reading instruction methods that originate low reading performance. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2022.39.3.8

Challenging the problem of un-democratic participation: from destruction to re-construction of heritage

PurposeThe present study aims to contribute to the understanding of digital participation in heritage collections as a democratizing practice by identifying and challenging silent assumptions concerning how the insufficient influence of participants is conceived of as a problem.Design/methodology/approachThree carefully selected scholarly texts incorporating problematizations of insufficient participatory agency were analyzed in detail using a method inspired by Carol Bacchi's approach “what's the problem represented to be?” (WPR), with special emphasis on analysis of ontological elements of the problematizations.FindingsParticipation is problematized based on the assumption that participatory agency risks jeopardizing the protection of heritage and leads to parts of the public memory being forgotten. To challenge the idea that participatory agency is destructive, the present article argues for elaborating an understanding of what forgetting entails for heritage. Framing forgetting as a potentially both harmful and generative concept enables a separation of destructive forgetting (e.g. destruction of historical evidence) and constructive forgetting (re-contextualization).Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a limited number of texts, and problematizations are investigated in relation to a specific perspective on participatory agency.Practical implicationsBy understanding forgetting as a potentially beneficial activity for representation and heritage construction, the article provides a conceptual rationale for facilitating re-contextualization in the design of multi-layered information structures for heritage collections.Originality/valueThere is little earlier research on the silent assumptions that affect how participation is understood and implemented.

Tame Cuspidal Representations in Non-Defining Characteristics

Let F be a nonarchimedean local field of residual characteristic p≠2. Let G be a (connected) reductive group that splits over a tamely ramified field extension of F. We show that a construction analogous to Yu’s construction of complex supercuspidal representations yields smooth, irreducible, cuspidal representations over an arbitrary algebraically closed field R of characteristic different from p. Moreover, we prove that this construction provides all smooth, irreducible, cuspidal R-representations if p does not divide the order of the Weyl group of G.

The regional specific features of phytoimages in the works by the Primorye writer Mikhail Demenok

The article examines the functional-semantic peculiarities of the multi-level representation of comparative constructions that include phytoimages obtained from the works by the Primorye prose author Mikhail Stepanovich Demenok’s (1937–2016). The study aims to describe the regional specific features, semantic peculiarities and functions of figurative comparative constructions (similes) used in the Far Eastern naturalist writer’s works. The research was performed within the framework of functional stylistics. It relies on the cognitive approach to simile as a significant component of the artistic and poetic picture of the world that reflects the writer’s language personality. The obtained results demonstrate that phytoimages in Mikhail Demenok’s prose are represented by three main paradigms: "a plant – a human", "a plant – an animal", "a plant – things and structures created by man". The metaphorical model ginseng – a human, figurative convergence of trees and endemic animals of Primorye (a gnarl on a birch – a tiger, branches – a Manchurian wapiti’s antlers), comparing taiga to the ocean (a tree – a coral, a liana – an octopus) are regional in nature. The simile images that are based on the writer’s individual associations are semantically and stylistically charged in the text. They perform the perceptual-figurative, expressive, emotional-evaluative, and aesthetic functions. The impact of ethnocultural stereotypes can be traced in the principles of using such simile images. Along with similes with comparison words (i. e. with syndetic coordination), which ensure that the phytoimages are vivid and realistic, Mikhail Demenok employs in his works other figurative comparative constructions with a high degree of figurative concretisation. These include the instrumental of comparison, the genitive metaphor, metaphorical appositions, and other linguistic means. The research results make it possible to conclude that phytoimages fully reveal the naturalist writer’s artistic-poetic picture of the world in which man and nature are inextricably linked, are in perfect harmony.

Language concatenates perceptual features into representations during comprehension

Although many studies have investigated the activation of perceptual representations during language comprehension, to our knowledge only one previous study has directly tested how perceptual features are combined into representations during comprehension. In their classic study, Potter and Faulconer [(1979). Understanding noun phrases. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 509–521.] investigated the perceptual representation of adjective-noun combinations. However, their non-orthogonal design did not allow the differentiation between conjunctive vs. disjunctive representations. Using randomized orthogonal designs, we observe evidence for disjunctive perceptual representations when participants represent feature combinations simultaneously (in several experiments; N = 469), and we observe evidence for conjunctive perceptual representations when participants represent feature combinations sequentially (In several experiments; N = 628). Our findings show that the generation of conjunctive representations during comprehension depends on the concatenation of linguistic cues, and thus suggest the construction of elaborate perceptual representations may critically depend on language.

Recent developments in theory and tool support for hybrid systems verification with HyPro

Over the last decades, the development of algorithms and tools for the safety verification of hybrid systems has been content of intensive research. Numerous novel ideas have been presented and implemented in different tools. Whereas the majority of these tools offer fixed implementations, only few general libraries have been provided for the development of new verification tools.HyPro is such an example, providing a C++ programming library for the implementation of certain types of reachability analysis algorithms for linear hybrid systems. These algorithms, based on flowpipe construction, need geometric or symbolic representation for state sets of hybrid systems. HyPro offers datatypes for different representations, conversions between them, and efficient algorithms based on these datatypes.Since its release in 2017, HyPro's functionalities have been extended by several implementations. In this paper we give a general introduction to flowpipe-construction-based methods and report on HyPro's functional advances as well as on applications of the library.

Natural, enjoyable, and Finnish: Social representations of eating meat in Finnish meat product advertisements

In this study, we examine how meat product advertisements shape the image of meat-eating at a time when alternatives to meat-eating are increasingly being discussed in many Western countries. Drawing on social representations theory, multimodal analysis, and deconstructive reading, we explore how certain meanings are attached to meat-eating while others are put aside. The research material consisted of 65 advertisement videos published by the two largest Finnish meat product companies between 2013 and 2021. We identified naturalness, enjoyment, and Finnishness as the main concepts used to promote meat consumption. The social representations in the advertisements were constituted by three embedded themata namely, edible/inedible, human/animal, and us/them, structuring everyday conceptions regarding meat-eating. Theoretically we seek to show how the advertisements participate in dialogical negotiation on socially salient topics in present-day societies and contribute to the construction of social representations.

Guiding Science and Mathematics Learning when Students Construct Representations

There is a long tradition of teaching science through inquiry, with broad agreement about the form it should take. Students should investigate researchable questions; gather and analyse data; and develop and represent evidence-based claims. Authoritative teacher or textbook representations are generally used to guide this learning (Buckley & Boulter, 2000; Bybee, 1997; Furtak et al., 2012; Sell et al., 2006). Parallel to this approach, teachers have also guided students to construct, review and refine their own representations, leading to learning gains. However, this student representation construction approach poses new challenges for teachers. The teacher is expected to elicit and guide students’ reasoning about their own represented claims as an orientation to understanding and learning scientific forms of reasoning and their representation. In this paper, drawing on our initial account of this pedagogy, we aim to clarify further this approach’s rationale and teacher strategies and underlying purposes in key early stages of exploration in the topics of chemistry and mathematics with a Grade 5 class. An interdisciplinary focus was used to guide students’ learning about the science concepts of states of matter, evaporation and the mathematical concepts of formal and informal measurement and data representation. Analysed data included video capture of the teacher’s guidance of tasks and classroom discussion, student artefacts and teacher and student interviews. We identify how the teacher framed the task, oriented student inquiry and guided evaluation of students’ representations through implicit and explicit instruction.