Railway Construction Research Articles

철도산업과 기후변화대응

The railroad industry is the best means of transportation to respond to climate change, as it is more energy efficient than the automobile and aircraft industries and emits about six times less greenhouse gases. As of 2018, the transportation sector of railroads emits 2.6% of greenhouse gases, but greenhouse gases should be reduced by converting diesel locomotives to new and renewable energy locomotives and electric locomotives. However, the Framework Act on the Railway Industry, the Railroad Safety Act, the Railroad Construction Act, and the Railroad Business Act do not have legal and institutional mechanisms to respond to climate change or adapt to the climate crisis. Review the legislation and precedents of France and the United States to seek implications for Korea. The Framework Act on the Railway Industry shall establish and implement the national freight and passenger transport sharing rate and the greenhouse gas reduction target, and shall be improved to include matters on climate change and response to the climate crisis in the national policies and basic plans. The Railway Construction Act should also monitor the effects of climate change, such as extreme heat waves, extreme cold waves, extreme strong winds (types), extreme floods, and extreme wildfires, analyze the cost-benefit analysis of adverse effects on railway infrastructure to build them in advance, and maintain them to improve the quality of railway infrastructure, and include climate change response and adaptation to the climate crisis in the railway network plan. The Railway Business Act and the Railroad Safety Act should be revised to ban the operation of diesel locomotives in stages, such as California and the United Kingdom, to raise funds for the conversion of diesel locomotives to environment-friendly locomotives, report their status to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and stipulate that diesel locomotives cannot be idled for more than 30 minutes. Finally, railway stations and structures should be installed with geothermal power plants and solar power plants, and certified as carbon-zero buildings.

MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS BASED ON THE THEORY OF SPIRAL DYNAMICS

The article examines the milestones of the development of the business environment through the prism of industrial revolutions and the theory of spiral dynamics of organizational development. The past influences the present. The present shapes the future. The world is a complex, interconnected whole that is difficult to represent and understand, especially regarding complex socio-economic processes and organizational systems, including enterprises. The first radical change began precisely with the agrarian revolution when people domesticated animals as a basis for the transition from gathering to agriculture. After the agrarian revolution, radical industrial changes began in the 18th century. The first industrial revolution (from the 1760s to the 1840s) - the invention of the steam engine and the construction of railways. The second industrial revolution (the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century) - the emergence of mass production thanks to the invention of electricity and the introduction of the conveyor. The third industrial revolution, from the 1960s, - was the emergence of semiconductors and their use in large electronic computing machines, personal computers, and the Internet. The fourth industrial revolution began at the beginning of the 21st century and is characterized by the emergence of "smart enterprises". The content and essential components of these periods imposed and imposed their understanding on the development of organizational models and the way of interaction between stakeholders and the economic entities themselves, which arose at the later stages of development and are developing under the influence of global business trends. Deepening the understanding of the nature of modern approaches in management aimed at the development of organizational systems allows turning to the past and investigating issues of organizational models on the way of the history of human development based on the theory of spiral dynamics (Don et al.), which is based on a dynamic model of human development and evolution of her consciousness, change of fundamental values. So, from the standpoint of the concept of systemic perfection of a business organization, based on the theory of spiral dynamics, its consideration can be started in the system-wide understanding of the system state, which corresponds to a greater extent to the content of perfection - from the orange stage and more/less corresponds to the current trends of the fourth industrial revolution. A significant strategic gap occurs based on the mismatch between the stage of development according to the milestones of industrial revolutions and the organization's current state in relation to the theory of spiral dynamics. For example, a red organization that functions in the fourth industrial revolution era. Management of changes in paradigms of thinking is the art of management.

An integrated multi-criteria decision making approach for selecting the starting location of railroad projects

PurposeThe successful completion of linear infrastructure construction projects such as railroads, roads, tunnels, and pipelines relies heavily on decision-making processes during planning phase. Professionals in the construction industry emphasize that determining the starting point of a linear infrastructure construction project is one of the most important decisions to be made in the planning phase. However, the existing literature does not specifically focus on selection of the starting point of the segments to be constructed. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to support selection of the starting point of the segments to be constructed in linear infrastructure construction projects.Design/methodology/approachBased on the characteristics of the railroad projects and insights gathered from expert interviews, the appropriate criteria for the model were determined. Once the criteria were determined, a decision hierarchy was developed and the weights of the criteria (w_i) were calculated using DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Then, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), COmplex PRoportional Assessment (COPRAS), and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) methods were used. The alternatives were ranked in terms of their priority with TOPSIS method based on relative closeness (Ci) of each alternative to the ideal solution, COPRAS method based on quantitative utility (Ui) for each alternative and EDAS method based on evaluation score (ASi) for all alternatives. The results were compared with each other.FindingsThe study reveals the effects of all criteria on the proposed model. The results of DEMATEL method indicated that quantity of aggregate (w_i = 0.075), ballast (w_i = 0.071), and sub-ballast (w_i = 0.069) are the most important criteria in starting location selection for railroads, where earthquake (w_i = 0.046), excavation cost (w_i = 0.054), and longest distance from borrow pit (w_i = 0.055) were found to be less important criteria. The starting location alternatives were ranked based on TOPSIS, COPRAS and EDAS methods. The A-1 alternative was selected as the most appropriate alternative (Ci = 0.64; Ui = 100%; ASi = 0.81), followed by A-6 alternative (Ci = 0.61; Ui = 97%; ASi = 0.73) and A-7 alternative (Ci = 0.59; Ui = 94%; ASi = 0.60). Even tough different methods were used, they provided compatible results where the same ranking was achieved except three alternatives.Originality/valueThis study identifies novel criteria for the starting location selection of railroad construction based on the data of a railroad project. This study uses different methods for selecting the starting location. Considering the project type and its scope, the model can be used by decision-makers in linear infrastructure projects for which efficient planning and effective location selection are critical for successful operations.

Penerapan Teknologi Rel Kereta Api di Sumatera Barat

This study examines the application of railway technology in West Sumatra, focusing on the challenges and innovations during the colonial period. The research aims to explore the historical context, technical developments, and socio-economic impacts of the railway construction in this region. Using a historical method with a qualitative approach, the study analyzes primary sources such as colonial archives and technical reports, along with secondary sources like historical books and scholarly articles. The findings highlight the introduction of rack railway systems to navigate steep terrains, demonstrating Dutch colonial technical prowess. Additionally, the construction of the Ombilin coal mines and the associated railway network significantly boosted the local economy but also revealed the exploitation of labor. Overall, the study provides insights into the interplay between technology, colonialism, and local society, emphasizing the importance of geographical adaptation in infrastructure development.

The Analysis of Electric Phase Separation and Common Technical Issues of High-speed Railway System in China

The electric railway, as a vital economic transportation artery, offers high efficiency and effectiveness compared to other modes of transportation. The characteristics of efficient transport, comfortable ride and environmental friendliness have effectively driven regional economic construction and industrial economy along the route, which has significantly enhanced cultural and economic exchanges between different regions, becomes the preferred mode of transportation for medium-distance and long-distance travel, and plays an irreplaceable role in China’s current transportation system. Under the increasing demand for passenger flow, the high-speed and high-density tracking operation of trains has become the new normal of high-speed railway operation management. In the background of national science and technology innovation development strategy, how to further shorten the train tracking interval to improve transportation efficiency and further reduce the energy consumption of train operation to improve the energy utilization level of the railway industry is the focus of the current electric railway construction and operation management department. The electric phase separation is a special and intricate part of the traction power supply system in China’s electric railway, and it is an indispensable component. The article describes that some main techniques relating to electrical phase separation are utilized extensively in China’s high-speed railway, by studying the technologies of electric phase separation, a few new methods were given and shared, which will solve the issues of high energy consumption, increased breakdowns, large equipment loss, and the lower speed, to better serve economic and social development and people’s travel.

Study on Vibration and Noise of Railway Steel–Concrete Composite Box Girder Bridge Considering Vehicle–Bridge Coupling Effect

A steel–concrete composite beam bridge fully exploits the mechanical advantages of the concrete structure and steel structure, and has the advantages of a fast construction speed and large stiffness. It is of certain research value to explore the application of this bridge type in the field of railway bridges. However, with the rapid development of domestic high-speed railway construction, the problem of vibration and noise radiation of high-speed railway bridges caused by train loads is becoming more and more serious. A steel–concrete composite beam bridge combines the tensile characteristics of steel and the compressive characteristics of concrete perfectly. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of a steel bridge and concrete bridge in terms of vibration and noise radiation. This feature makes the study of the vibration and noise of the bridge type more complicated. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of vibration and noise radiation of a high-speed railway steel–concrete composite box girder bridge are studied in detail from two aspects: the theoretical basis and a numerical simulation. The main results obtained are as follows: Relying on the idea of vehicle–rail–bridge coupling dynamics, a structural dynamics analysis model of a steel–concrete combined girder bridge for a high-speed railroad was established, and numerical program simulation of the vibration of the vehicle–rail–bridge coupling system was carried out based on the parametric design language of ANSYS 18.0 and the language of MATLAB R2021a, and the structural vibration results were analyzed in both the time domain and frequency domain. By using different time-step loading for the vehicle–rail–bridge coupling vibration analysis, the computational efficiency can be effectively improved under the condition of guaranteeing the accuracy of the result analysis within 100 Hz. Based on the power flow equilibrium equation, a statistical energy method of calculating the high-frequency noise radiation is theoretically derived. Based on the theoretical basis of the statistical energy method, the high-frequency noise in the structure is numerically simulated in the VAONE 2021 software, and the average contribution of the concrete roof plate to the three acoustic field points constructed in this paper is as high as 50%, which is of great significance in the study of noise reduction in steel–concrete composite girders.

Good intentions gone awry: Rail lines and inner‐city development

AbstractThis study explored the impact of transportation systems in urban areas on economic activity. We examined the effect of traditional Chinese railway construction fencing on urban spatial development using nighttime luminance and railway data from prefecture‐level cities. The study found that the fencing effect exacerbated uneven development on either side of the railway, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. These results were supported by different measures of development and a placebo test. The fencing effect was also found to affect the location of newly registered firms and the total factor productivity of industrial firms, leading to unbalanced growth on either side of the railway.

Asset Backed Securitization Development Studies --Based on Guojin Railway Construction Chongqing YuSui Expressway Closed Infrastructure Projects

The Asset Backed Securitization (ABS) finance model is a technique of financing that involves the securitization of assets from a project. This model is secured by the projected revenue generated by project assets and a project financing strategy that involves raising funds through issuing bonds in the capital market. The existing ABS financing model, widely used as a project financing mechanism in the global capital market, holds immense importance for both the financial market and economic progress. Furthermore, it has consequently garnered the interest of numerous researchers. This study examines the comparative development of asset-backed securities domestically and internationally, as well as their actual application and implementation in China. This text explores the origins and development processes, characteristics, and advantages of domestic and overseas ABS financing structures. This article utilizes global expertise and real-world examples to present a future outlook for the extensive implementation of ABS in China. It aims to offer valuable insights for China's market development, compliance with financial institution regulations, alignment with market demands, and informed decision-making for relevant stakeholders in the field.

Research on Cost Control of Railway Engineering Based on Grounded Theory

An analysis of cost management within railway construction projects has been conducted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a regression analysis to evaluate and rank key financial and operational factors affecting project costs. This research assesses the impact of various metrics, such as Safety Inspections, Emergency Preparedness, and Equipment Maintenance, along with financial indicators such as Actual Cost and Variance, on cost control strategies by building a hierarchical model and implementing AHP. The results indicate a clear preference for Financial Metrics, with a priority vector of 0.667, over Operational Metrics, which have a priority vector of 0.334. Among the Financial Metrics, Actual Cost, with a priority vector of 0.565, is identified as the most influential, underscoring the importance of direct cost management. Among the Operational Metrics, Emergency Preparedness is the most important, with a priority vector of 0.540, emphasizing the importance of effective risk management. A regression analysis confirms these priorities, with significant correlations presented between these metrics and variances in costs. According to this study, changes in Emergency Preparedness and Equipment Maintenance can predict cost fluctuations, aligning with the findings of the AHP study. The AHP evaluations are demonstrated to be reliable, with consistency ratios significantly below the 0.1 benchmark (0.043 for Financial Metrics and 0.008 for Operational Metrics), indicating a high degree of consistency in judgment. The statistical validation enhances the framework’s effectiveness in steering strategic decisions regarding cost management. This paper discusses the implications of these results to reduce financial risks and improve project outcomes.

Impacts of Standard Gauge Railway Project on Tanzania Economy Amidst and After Completion

Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project in Tanzania flashed a lot of rumours and suggestions among citizens on opportunities and threats. This paper described the impacts of the SGR project on Tanzania economy during and after project completion. The target population of the study was all articles, and government reports related on SGR projects in Africa. The study was conducted systematically by reviewing articles and government reports on impacts of SGR on economy. The paper found that the SGR project has a lot of positive impacts including stimulation of Industrialization; efficient and fast movement of cargo; source of foreign currency; Development of rural area; business growth; Creating good relationship between neighbour countries; and employment opportunities. Also, the study found that negative impacts include Market disruption; Collapse of towns; and involuntary resettlement. The study concludes that the construction of standard gauge railway is of very importance for Tanzania economy. The study recommends the government start preparing competent staff that will operate and manage SGR. The lesson learned from the study is that there must be collaboration and coordination between the government and private sector at different levels of SGR for immediate and sustainable benefits.

Study of flood protection water levels for railway projects in the plains river network area

The Taihu Lake basin is characterised by a developed water system and a longitudinal river network, which is prone to flooding during the flood season. This poses a threat to the construction and operation of river-related railways, bridges, and other infrastructures, and therefore the design value of the water level of the river channel must be provided prior to the construction of roads and bridges in the basin. The Yanyi Railway traverses numerous river systems without the benefit of measured hydrological data. In order to address this deficiency, two methods were constructed using the Taihu Lake basin model: the historical water level frequency analysis method and the typical design storm method of the basin. These methods were employed to calculate the flood protection water level of each river under different design schemes and to analyze the reasons for the differences in the results. The results indicate that the water level results of the historical water level frequency analysis method are also applicable to the construction of the Yanyi Railway, provided that an economic perspective is taken.

An improved model for the nonlinear simulation of the high‐speed vehicle‐track‐bridge coupling system under seismic shaking

AbstractWith the continuous development of high‐speed railway (HSR) construction technology, many HSR bridges are close to near‐fault earthquake zones. Due to the short warning time for earthquakes occurring in these areas, the scene of trains running on the HSR bridges under earthquakes will become more and more common. In order to effectively evaluate the train running safety performance on the HSR bridge under earthquakes, an improved model for the nonlinear simulation of the high‐speed vehicle‐track‐bridge (VTB) coupling system under seismic shaking is proposed. The commercial finite element software was utilized for the general modeling of track‐bridge structure, and nonlinear hysteric behaviors of key components were realized by using the local nonlinearity correction method. By adopting the unconditional stable explicit dynamic integration algorithm and an efficient wheel–rail contact model, an explicit dynamic solution framework is established. It can efficiently solve the nonlinear coupled vibration of the VTB system under earthquakes. Finally, based on the improved model developed in this paper, the influence of hysteretic behaviors of bridge bearings on the nonlinear coupling vibration of the VTB system under near‐fault earthquakes is discussed.

Transport infrastructure in ensuring regional development and China's global competitiveness

Purpose: is to evaluate the modern role of transport infrastructure as the factor in the development of the regional economy and strengthening competitive positions outside the country using the example of China.Methods: the correlation-regression analysis, traditionally used to solve the task of the identifying influencing factors, was applied to the economic and transportation indicators across 28 Chinese regions for the year 2021. It was supplemented by the analysis of statistical data and the thematic case study of data on Chinese investments into the transport infrastructure projects both domestically, and abroad.Results: the assessment of infrastructure development of the railway and port infrastructure was carried out based on the analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. The construction of a correlation and regression analysis model made it possible to form an idea of the impact of China's transport infrastructure on the gross regional product of the provinces. The degree of penetration of Chinese influence into other economies of the world through investments in transport infrastructure has been assessed. The tools for promoting infrastructure projects have been identified that characterize Chinese specifics and make it possible to ensure the country's competitiveness at the global level.Conclusions and Relevance: China is the striking example of the widespread construction of ports, railways, and highways, in addition to the creation of direct freight vehicles and dry cargo ships for the distribution of their products. The high importance of transport infrastructure and the number of employed people in this industry for the growth of the regional product of the provinces of China has been revealed. In the external circuit, the PRC is actively using the strategy of lending to other countries for the construction of infrastructure on their territories. The construction of roads, airports, seaports, power plants and transmission lines allow China to create infrastructure enclaves in developing countries to market its goods and export raw materials for subsequent processing. Borrowing the experience of the PRC in terms of mechanisms for granting grants and loans for the implementation of infrastructure projects will allow Russia to create an extensive system of movement of national goods to markets where they are most in demand in the territories of neighboring states.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Health, Safety, and Environmental Risks in Railway Construction Project Management

Comprehensive Evaluation of Health, Safety, and Environmental Risks in Railway Construction Project Management

Racialized Railway Mobilities: Repression and Resistance in the Anglophone South African Short Story During the Drum Decade

ABSTRACT South Africa has a complex history of racialized (im)mobilities. During the social engineering of apartheid, the city became a racialized white space that was dependent on black migrant workers who were forced to live in the marginal spaces on the edge of the city. This daily commute was enabled through the construction of public transportation systems and commuter railways. This mundane and banal form of mobility became a key site of both repression and resistance during the apartheid era. The present article explores how these racialized railway mobilities were represented during the ‘Drum decade’ of the 1950s in South Africa. It explores how the short story, as a liminal genre positioned within local and transnational literary cultures, is mobilized to narrate railway mobilities during this transitional decade. Texts analyzed include the news reports and short stories by Can Themba, Es’kia Mphahlele, and Nat Nakasa. This article explores how the mobile public spaces of the railways and the mobile figures of railway passengers were mobilized in the Anglophone South African short story as a form of resistance to the repression of the apartheid era.

Vklad russkih emigrantov v kul'turnyj obmen mezhdu Zapadom i Vostokom v Severo-Vostochnom Kitae (1896–1959 gg.)

After the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway began in 1896, a large number of Russian emigrants appeared in Northeastern China, who were involved in cultural, educational and religious activities in settlements located along the CER. This contributed to the spread of European social and natural science, culture and religion in Northeast China. At the same time, Russian emigrants used Western methodology and philosophy of science to study Chinese politics, economics, history, geography, religion, art and philosophy, contributing to the spread of Chinese studies in Russia and in the world. This activity was aimed at demonstrating authentic Chinese culture to the world, and its representatives acted as cultural intermediaries, promoting cultural exchange between Russia and China and spreading the achievements of Western civilization among the Chinese.

Beet sugar enterprises in Kazakhstan: balanced management, reserves

The goal is to analyze production indicators of sugar beets and sugar for 1990-2023, to recommend measures to increase volume of sugar industry products. Methods - statistical, on the basis of which primary data on production of beet raw materials and sugar, its consumption per capita, export and import, and foreign trade turnover are collected. Results - the authors note that development of beet-sugar subcomplex is accompanied by stable decrease in quantity of this product, resulting in reduction in acreage and decrease in yield. The deterioration of parameters is due to high cost and low profitability of crop produced, outdated technical base, the use of lowquality seeds, problems with irrigation, and insufficient capacity of sugar factories. The current situation has a direct impact on the demand for sugar, which is met through imports and raw sugar obtained from processing. State measures aimed to increase sugar from domestic raw materials, set out in the Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sugar Industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022-2026, were considered, in the framework of which it is provided to ensure the enterprises with unused agricultural land suitable for cultivating sugar beets within a radius of 150 kilometers to ensure their own raw materials taking into account the requests of the processors. Conclusions - the implementation of the set tasks will reduce sugar import dependence and saturate the domestic market with own products. At the same time, logistics issues, reducing cost of transporting finished products, and financing construction of railways need to be worked out.

Bukovyna as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its socio-economic development on the eve of rail way construction

This article examines how the socio-economic conditions in Bukovyna influenced the formation and development of the railway network in the region. It explores whether these processes aligned with the global trends of the time. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, memoirs, and archival materials, it was found that the topic of the formation and functioning of the railway network in Bukovyna had not been systematically studied. It was revealed that the Austrian authorities, by turning Bukovyna into an internal colony of the Habsburg Empire, kept the region in the position of a raw material appendage and a market for the industry of the empire's central provinces. The tariff, customs, credit, and tax systems introduced by the imperial government supported this process, acting in the interests of Austro-Hungarian capital. The development of the railway network was aimed at ensuring the economic interests of the empire, which affected the socio-economic development of Bukovyna. In particular, the construction of railways improved the transport infrastructure, leading to increased trade and higher volumes of raw material and goods transportation. However, this development had a dual nature. On one hand, it promoted economic growth and modernization of the region, but on the other hand, it intensified Bukovyna's dependence on the central provinces of the empire, limiting its economic autonomy and the development of local industry. The article also analyzes the impact of railway construction on the social aspects of life in Bukovyna. The railway became an important factor in migration, contributing to urbanization and the growth of the working class. However, at the same time, social tensions increased due to the unequal distribution of economic benefits and the intensification of local population exploitation. The conclusions of the article emphasize the need for further research to fully understand the impact of railway development on Bukovyna in the context of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and to compare these processes with similar developments in other parts of the world.

Трудовые мигранты на Мурманстройке: размышления антрополога о численности китайцев.

The problem is the difference in historical approaches to the use and interpretation of statistical data concerning various aspects of personnel decision-making during the construction of specific railway facilities and, in general, when studying the history of labor migration. For the first time, detailed information is provided on the number of Chinese nationals hired to participate in the construction of the Murmansk railway in 1916. They reflect the systematic organization and subsequent implementation of group transportation of Chinese citizens from Harbin to Arkhangelsk. For the first time, statistical documents from the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia related to the hiring of Chinese labor migrants in the European North of Russia during the First World War have been introduced into scientific circulation.

Experimental study on the small strain stiffness-strength of a fully weathered red mudstone

Assessing the stability of embankments during railway operation is paramount for ensuring safety of railway. However, directly measuring the strength of fill materials can be challenging when the railway is in use. A strong correlation has been observed between soil shear strength and small strain stiffness. By establishing a robust correlation between shear strength and small-strain stiffness in the laboratory, considering various of factors, and combining it with field measurement of in-situ soil small stiffness might be an effective way to this problem. This study focuses on a type of filling materials commonly used in southwestern parts of China for railway construction: fully weathered red mudstone (FWRM) and its lime-treated counterpart (LFWRM), as the objects. A series of triaxial and unconfined compression tests were conducted to examine the effects of water content, confined pressure, and lime treatment on the shear strength and small strain stiffness of FWRM and LFWRM. The results show that the strength and stiffness of FWRM significantly decrease with increasing water content, while LFWRM specimens demonstrate good resistance. All LFWRM specimens displayed a brittle shear behavior. Empirical correlation was established for FWRM and LFWRM. The relationship for LFWRM is water content independent, meanwhile for FWRM is strongly dependent upon whether soil is saturated or not. The ratio of small strain stiffness to strength (Emax /qmax) for FWRM decreases substantially after saturation, whereas it remains almost constant for LFWRM. The reduction in strength and stiffness can be attributed to the degradation of the soil fabric due to increasing water content, where the pore size distribution (PSD) of FWRM changes significantly with increasing water content due to aggregate swelling. However, for LFWRM, the PSD remains bi-modal, which is due to the cementation bonding observed between lime-treated aggregates that explains the stable structure and improved performance of LFWRM.