Construction Of Prototype Research Articles

Multi-objective optimization for the superconducting bias coil of a saturated iron core fault current limiter using the T-A formulation

The short-circuit levels have increased considerably in transmission and distribution systems in the last years. Fault current limiter (FCL) devices are a potential solution to this problem. Among several FCL topologies, this group has good experience in the use of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) to reduce the electrical current during short-circuits. The literature also presents studies of the saturated iron core superconducting fault current limiter (SIC-SFCL) topology employing mathematical modeling and prototypes design. Some of them have shown promising results, including the construction of pilot prototypes in medium and high voltage substations. The SIC-SFCL simulation studies presented optimal topologies that reduce the amount of ferromagnetic material used in the core and represent well the behavior of this limiter. The finite element method and the finite element analysis are suitable to model the SIC-SFCL. However, a more detailed study focusing on the optimization of the DC bias superconducting coil of the SIC-SFCL has not been presented in the literature yet. In this context, this work proposes a multi-objective optimization method using the Nelder–Mead algorithm to find an optimal geometry for the superconducting coil. In this optimization, the objectives functions are: to maximize the critical current density in the high-temperature superconductor (HTS), minimize the voltage drop in the copper winding, minimize the current through the DC biased superconducting winding, and minimize the price of the HTS superconducting winding. Before implementing the multi-objective optimization algorithm, we have tested a non-superconducting saturated iron core prototype and used the results to validate the simulation models. After that, we have replaced the DC copper winding with an HTS coil in the simulations and initiate the optimization process. Results show that constructing the DC bias superconducting coil using the minimum possible fill factor might not be the best choice.

Prediction of Motion Intentions as a Novel Method of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Support.

This article is devoted to the novel method of upper limb rehabilitation support using a dedicated mechatronic system. The mechatronic rehabilitation system’s main advantages are the repeatability of the process and the ability to measure key features and the progress of the therapy. In addition, the assisted therapy standard is the same for each patient. The new method proposed in this article is based on the prediction of the patient’s intentions, understood as the intentions to perform a movement that would be not normally possible due to the patient’s limited motor functions. Determining those intentions is realized based on a comparative analysis of measured kinematic (range of motion, angular velocities, and accelerations) and dynamic parameter values, as well as external loads resulting from the interaction of patients. Appropriate procedures were implemented in the control system, for which verification was conducted via experiments. The aim of the research in the article was to examine whether it is possible to sense the movement intentions of a patient during exercises, using only measured load parameters and kinematic parameters of the movement. In this study, the construction of a mechatronic system prototype equipped with sensory grip to measure the external loads, control algorithms, and the description of experimental studies were presented. The experimental studies of the mechanism were aimed at the verification of the proper operation of the system and were not a clinical trial.

The URBANbuild Program: Bridging Design, Construction, and Research

The premise of a design-build studio is that students engage directly in both the design and construction of full-scale prototypes, leading to a better understanding of how the act of design impacts the built environment. Furthermore, the collective commitment of participants working amidst a specific locale allows students to experience spatial transformation and contribute to meaningful social change. This study introduces the educational approach of the URBANbuild Program, its origins, development, key partners, community outreach, and accomplishments realized through fifteen residential prototypes. The essay demonstrates how a design-build pedagogy can bridge design, construction, and scholarship in architectural education.

Problems and technical solutions of capture fisheries in Eastern Indonesian waters

Problems concerning capture fisheries in Eastern Indonesian Waters cover the existing of fishes at sea, continuity of catching activities, the use of fishing gears, safety aspects, market, price and recent situation of pandemic Covid-19. This conditions have the impact on decreasing of economy aspect of local fishermen. The purpose of this research is to develop facility of capture fisheries and other related technical aspects to overcome the existing problems and to keep the continuity of fishing activities. The research started by initial field survey by the authors. In addition, related problems from other references are used as input design parameters. Design process end-up with the blue prints and the design specifications of fishing boats and fishing gears. The research was continued with construction of boats prototype, training for the fishermen and sea trials. The results of research were prototypes and design specifications of several types of fishing boats. Fishing boats with hull configurations (monohull, catamaran and trimaran) and fishing gears specification were fixed due to boat operational aspects. In addition, the results of study concerning safety aspect and ship operation in period of Pandemic Covid-19 are presented in this paper. Recommendations of results of this study are presented for future development of fishing boats for local fishermen.

Construction of wavelet dictionaries for ECG modeling

Technical details, algorithms, and MATLAB implementation for a method advanced in the paper ``Wavelet Based Dictionaries for Dimensionality Reduction of ECG Signals'', are presented. This work aims to be the companion of that publication, in which an adaptive mathematical model for a given ECG record is proposed. The method comprises the following building blocks.(i)Construction of a suitable redundant set, called 'dictionary', for decomposing an ECG signal as a superposition of elementary components, called 'atoms', selected from that dictionary.(ii)Implementation of the greedy strategy Optimized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OOMP) for selecting the atoms intervening in the signal decomposition.This paper gives the details of the algorithms for implementing stage (i), which is not fully elaborated in the previous publication. The proposed dictionaries are constructed from known wavelet families, but translating the prototypes with a shorter step than that corresponding to a wavelet basis. Stage (ii) is readily implementable by the available function OOMP.•The use of the software and the power of the technique is illustrated by reducing the dimensionality of ECG records taken from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.•The MATLAB software has been made publicly available on a dedicated website.•We provide the explanations, algorithms and software for the construction of scaling functions and wavelet prototypes for 17 different wavelet families. The procedure is designed to allow for straightforward extension of the software by the inclusion of additional options for the wavelet families.

A Study on the Middle Construction in Mandarin Chinese--A Prototype Middle Construction Perspective

English middle construction (MC) is one of the most heatedly discussed language phenomenon, however, disagreements and inconsistencies still exist among scholars as for the research scope of the Chinese MC. Based on the prototype elements of English MC, this paper compares the features of those constructions in different scholars’ paper and pin down which one is the prototype of Chinese MC and offer an order of their closeness to the prototype. Findings and explanations are demonstrated as follows: firstly, under the framework of prototype theory, it is argued that MC has its own prototype. The author assumes” the bread slices smoothly” as the English prototype for the high frequency of being cited at discussing the related topics of MC in literature. The prototypical properties of prototype elements are presented below: (1) implicit agent; (2) active in form; (3) simple present tense; (4) patient subject; (5) primary responsibility of subject; (6) adverb and experiencer sub-role of agent; (7) the aspect of the middle verb is either activity or accomplishment verb; (8) general modality reading; (9) causative and affected subject. Secondly, a closer look at Chinese MC is conducted, which reveals that different scholars have different ideas on what kind of construction is Chinese MC. Taking the prototype elements of prototypical English middle construction as criterion, the author compares the constructions in those scholars’ paper with them and finds out that they share different number of features. Construction in Yu &Si’s paper and parts of construction in Cao’s paper are regarded as typical Chinese MC because they share all the prototype elements of prototypical English MC. Their closeness to the prototype depends on the number of similarities they have in common. The author ranks these constructions from the most typical member to the worst member in the following order: Yu &Si, He, Chen, Ding, Cao, and GU. They structure around the prototype and exhibit graded centrality to the prototype. Thirdly, this paper also explains why the same construction can be classified into different grammatical categories, to be more specific, why the construction in Ding’s paper is regarded as notional-passives and construction in Chen’s paper is classified into the grammatical category of tough construction. According to prototype theory, category has fuzzy boundaries and a category may merge with neighboring category, therefore, MC merges with notional-passives and tough construction for they have overlapping areas.

Simulation of Robotic Arm for Spinal Surgeries Engineered to Replace a Surgeon’s Tasks

A most common abnormality that affects the vertebrae is the disc prolapse. These conditions normally transpire in lumbosacral region and enmesh the spinal nerve at that point. A detoriation to the motor and sensory nerve at that point has an immediate consequence on that particular organ connected with the ascending and descending tract. Disc prolapse in thoracic region leads either to nerve root irritation or cord compression and it needs an immediate surgery to remove the disc lesion which is usually done by discectomy technique, an invasive spine surgery. However, the proposed system is to create a minimally invasive procedure to detach the disc lesion of the spine. The controlled and patient specific pre-operative planning is done by MIMIC using 3D model of the MRI of that patient. The new techniques on robotic arm like segmentation and surgical simulation will provide information about the positioning of the end effectors. Using 3D model design, the robotic arm with 3 degree of freedom is done by the SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD design software. SimMechanics is a MATLAB tool used for simulation of the physical model which gives control to the robotic arm. Furthermore, the simulation result gives the force used to produce torque at the joints and angle of joint due to torque produced. Finally, we show that the simulation in SimMechanics reduces the error occurrence in proto type construction.

A Prototypical Model on Hakka Serial Verb Constructions

This research paper provides a meaning-based account to examining Hakka syntactic constructions that comprise multiple verbs in their scope. The investigation is based on an interdisciplinary approach from the interface of syntax and semantics. The paper is organized into two main parts. The first part of this paper claims that the prototypical construction of the serial verb construction is a syntactic configuration that contains two verbs in the same clause, indicating two interdependent subevents happening at close time intervals. In addition, the paper proposes that greater distance in structural and semantic interdependence between the two verbs forms a gradation deviating from the prototype. In this part, a prototype model, rather than a criterial attribute model, is adopted to define the Hakka serial verb construction (SVC). The second part of paper provides a typological study that classifies the Hakka SVCs into subtypes based on the syntactic structure and the semantic relationship of the component verbs. Syntactic tests are used to test the clausehood of the multi-verb constructions identified in this part.

Walls composed of different materials: a brief review on thermal comfort

The present work is dedicated to identifying the central researches related to the influence of the different materials that make up the walls in the performance of thermal comfort. At first, the keywords “Wall materials” and “Thermal comfort” were used in the search for scientific articles through a systematic review in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, restricted to the areas of Architecture and Urbanism, Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. 85 scientific articles were identified, of which 44 were included in the research, the excluded did not have adherence, because they were out of the subject or in duplicate. In order to organize the data and discuss the subjects, four contexts were identified: building evaluation (39%), computer simulation (39%), prototype construction (15%) and laboratory experiment evaluation (7%). Among the materials, hemp and straw bales stood out by demonstrating the ability to cushion temperature variations in both winter and summer, and are therefore good thermal regulators. The melting temperature of the Phase-Change Material (PCM) of 25 ° C optimized the installation in all locations. The ceramic brick wall had a worse performance, from 1.25 to 1.45W / (m.K) in relation to the traditional mud walls at 1.1 to 1.2W / (m.K) and the earth block construction technique stabilized with cement at 1.05 to 1.25W / (m.K). The application of materials provided for wall construction is one of the best alternatives to achieve the condition of internal thermal comfort of buildings.

Full Real-Time Positioning and Attitude System Based on GNSS-RTK Technology

An accurate positioning and attitude computation of vehicles, robots, or even persons is of the utmost importance and critical for the success of many operations in multiple commercial, industrial, and research areas. However, most of these positioning and attitude systems rely on inertial measurement units that must be periodically recalibrated and have a high cost. In the present work, the design of a real-time positioning and attitude system using three positioning sensors based on the GNSS-RTK technology is presented. This kind of system does not need recalibration, and it allows one to define the attitude of a solid by only computing the position of the system in the global reference system and the three angles that the relative positions of the GNSS antennas define with respect to the principal axes of the solid. The position and attitude can be computed in real time for both static and dynamic scenarios. The only limitation of the system is that the antennas need to be in open air to work at full performance and accuracy. All the design phases are covered in the prototype construction: requirement definition, hardware selection, software design, assembly, and validation. The feasibility and performance of the system were tested in both static and dynamic real scenarios.

Impact of Selected Methods of Cogging Torque Reduction in Multipolar Permanent-Magnet Machines

This paper focuses on the matter of cogging torque reduction by combining various methods of cogging torque minimization. Due to the high costs of prototype construction, cogging torque is minimized during the design phase by using numerical methods, while computer simulations are used to find a magnetic circuit arrangement for which the cogging torque has the smallest possible value. Cogging torque occurs as a result of combined impact of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet located at rotor and stator with variable magnetic conductivity depending on an angle of rotation. It is a pulsating torque and occurs permanently during machine operation, impacting the operation of the entire device cooperating with the electric machine and causing vibrations, tension, and noise. It results in braking torque and subsequent power losses and leads to faster wear and tear of machine structural elements. High cogging torque values cause problems with rotational speed adjustment. In the case of electric generators used in wind power plants, it impedes the start-up of power plants at high wind speeds. Considering the above, the reduction of cogging torque in permanent-magnet machines is extremely important.

SWAMP, an Autonomous Surface Vehicle expressly designed for extremely shallow waters

Wetlands, the geographic areas where water meets the earth, are ecosystems essential for life and an increasing number of conventions, directives and research projects recognise the necessity of protecting them. Nevertheless the number, quality and spacial resolution of surveys is modest due to the absence of expressly addressed tools. In this paper the design, construction and testing of the first prototype of an innovative class of Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) for the extremely shallow water and remote areas of wetlands is presented. SWAMP (Shallow Water Autonomous Multipurpose Platform) is a full y electric, modular, portable, lightweight, and highly-controllable ASV. It is a catamaran, equipped with four thrusters azimuth Pump-Jet thrusters that are flush with the hull and specifically designed for this vehicle. SWAMP is also characterised by small draft soft-foam, unsinkable hull structure with high modularity and a flexible hardware/software architecture. Each hull can be considered as a single vehicle, being equipped with a full navigation, guidance and control package, as well as propulsion, power and communication systems. The extreme modularity is also guaranteed thanks to the adoption of on-board Wi-Fi communication architecture: the two mono-hull vehicles are connected via Wi-Fi as well as all the modules aboard each of them.

Functional Model of a Warp-Knitted Machine for Producing 3D Technical Knitted Fabrics

The article describes the construction and testing of a functional model of an innovative warp – knitting machine for technical spatial knitted fabrics with an original structure. Design assumptions regarding the geometrical, kinematic and driving characteristics of the machine are described. The functional model as well as its physical implementation as a research stand are presented. The production phases of the 3D knitted fabric are also demonstrated. The research results are described and their importance for the construction of a machine prototype of the production version are emphasised.

Prototipe Perangkat untuk Pemantauan dan Pengendalian Berbasis Web Diiintegrasikan ke Smarthome System

The design and construction of a device prototype for a water level measurement system in a tank and controlling a number of garden light analogies has been carried-out and the prototype can be integrated into smarthome system. Three topics are discussed in this paper, including the manufacture, programming, and performance measurement of device prototypes. The formation of prototype of the device is done through wiring integration between electronic devices, in order to obtain the hardware handshacking. Programming the prototype of device is done through the creation of algorithms and preparation of syntax, in order to obtain the software handshacking. The performance of the prototype of device is measured when integrated into the Smarthome system, in order to obtain the hardware and software handshacking. The performance of prototype of the device when monitoring in the form of information about the water level in the water tank with 3 (three) conditions, namely the criteria of "empty", "medium", and "full", while the control in the form of information about the operation of ON/OFF of the LED as an analogy to the lamp garden are done for 3 (three) positions, namely position #1, #2, and #3. The manufactured subsystem prototype can be integrated into the smarthome system when a validation test is performed. Prototype of the device for monitoring and control based-on web that can be integrated into the smarthome system.

PROTOTYPE SISTEM PINTAR PENGELOLAAN TAMAN BUNGA BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INTERNET OF THINGS (STUDI KASUS TAMAN KUPU-KUPU GITA PERSADA)

Usually the process of watering and monitoring of plants in the Gita Persada Butterfly Park in Lampung Province is carried out using conventional methods, this condition create many problems. The research aims is to create a prototype of flower garden application based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. An application that can help relieve watering activities and monitoring with automated system developed by protoyping method, that consist of; communication stage, quick plan and modelling quick design, construction of prototype, and deployment delivery and feedback. This application use microcontroller Arduino Uno as the main controller, temperature sensor, air humidity (DHT11), soil humidity, ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04) and application on smartphones android for monitoring. Data delivery between arduino devices, smartphones and databases using website service. There is a firebase library on website Service to connect to firebase. Data transmitted by the device arduino through the protocol http with the command get, send, and push, then received by website Service and forward to be saved on firebase. Based on the data obtained at the air temperature and humidity monitoring around the smart garden for 31 days from April 8 to May 8 , the lowest air temperature is 25°C at 08.00 WIB, 26 April and the highest air temperature 30 °C at 12.00 WIB, 19 April. The average air humidity value is at 95%.

Preliminary Study on the Design of Structures with a Responsive External Post-tensioning System

External post-tensioning has proven to be an effective solution to introduce intermediate supports in structures in order to decrease their spans and to allow a more efficient distribution of bending moments. This leads to important savings in terms of material. However, this increase in effectiveness is achieved only for a specific loading, which generally corresponds to the permanent load distribution. This paper introduces the possibility of expanding the benefits of this technique to situations where relevant live loads act through the use of a responsive external post-tensioning system. The responsive behaviour is materialized through an actuator located between the beam and the post-tensioning system. After a brief overview of the existing responsive structures, this research studies the static structural behaviour of responsive externally post-tensioned structures. Furthermore, the main design variables are parametrically analysed and the applicability of the system is evaluated with the construction of a small-scale prototype. Finally, results are discussed and the effectiveness of this approach in terms of material savings is claimed.

Towards markerless computer-aided surgery combining deep segmentation and geometric pose estimation: application in total knee arthroplasty

ABSTRACT Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure performed in patients suffering from knee arthritis. The correct positioning of the implants is strongly related to multiple surgical variables that have a tremendous impact on the success of the surgery. Computer-based navigation systems have been investigated and developed in order to assist the surgeon in accurately controlling those surgical variables. The existing technologies are very costly, require additional bone incisions for fixing markers to be tracked, and these markers are usually bulky, interfering with the standard surgical flow. This work presents a markerless navigation system that supports the surgeon in accurately performing the TKA procedure. The proposed system uses a mobile RGB-D camera for replacing the existing optical tracking systems and does not require markers to be tracked. We combine an effective deep learning-based approach for accurately segmenting the bone surface with a robust geometry-based algorithm for registering the bones with pre-operative models. The favourable performance of our pipeline is achieved by (1) employing a semi-supervised labelling approach for generating training data from real TKA surgery data, (2) using effective data augmentation techniques for improving the generalisation capability and (3) using appropriate depth data cleaning strategies. The construction of this complete markerless registration prototype that generalises for unseen intra-operative data is non-obvious, and relevant insights and future research directions can be derived. The experimental results show encouraging performance for video-based TKA.

CONSTRUÇÕES CONTRASTIVAS ACONTECE QUE E LOGO EU

Neste artigo, propomo-nos a analisar as construções contrastivas acontece que e logo eu/tu, não prototípicas, com base em modelos centrados no uso. O efeito de contraste estabelecido entre os segmentos A e B, em construções prototípicas, resulta de uma quebra de expectativa (não) inferencial, percebida como desigualdade. Utilizamo-nos da proposta de valor semântico da conjunção prototípica mas, de Neves (2011), como exemplar representativo do valor de contraste, para verificar quais relações semânticas são instanciadas pelas construções em foco. Verificaremos, nas amostras selecionadas, os domínios cognitivos chunking (agrupamento) e categorização (BYBEE, 2016). Os dados de acontece que são selecionados em entrevistas da modalidade falada, e logo eu/tu, em amostras de redes sociais e de modalidade falada. Os resultados mostram que acontece que instancia a maior parte das características do conector prototípico mas, enquanto logo eu/tu aponta somente para duas relações semânticas. Ambos instanciam um chunking que nos leva a considerá-los como parte dos conectores de contraste.

Caracterización de materiales para el diseño y desarrollo de colectores y receptores de radiación solar térmica de concentración

El trabajo que se presenta muestra el estudio de diferentes materiales a utilizar en el diseño de colectores y receptores para usar en la construcción de prototipos innovadores que usen tecnología basada en el empleo de la Energía Solar Térmica de Concentración (ESTC), para la generación de calor y electricidad.Se estudiaron las propiedades ópticas de los diferentes materiales propuestos, así como su estabilidad térmica y durabilidad ya que con ellos se construirán, específicamente, los componentes de la tecnología de sistema de Colector cilíndrico Parabólico (CCP). Con el propósito de alcanzar mayor eficiencia en el proceso de transformación de energía, se optimizaron, a través del diseño y la simulación, diversas geometrías del dispositivo, que se articularán a los sistemas de seguimiento de la radiación solar en la unidad CCP prototipo, tomando en consideración las regiones geográficas de aplicación.

Measurement and reconstruction of high-energy photon beam spectra using Compton spectrometry

A fast and efficient method for measuring and reconstructing the megavoltage photon beam spectra of clinical machines used for treating cancer patients is developed using Compton scattering. The construction and characterization of a novel prototype of a Compton spectrometer are performed to measure the pulse height spectra (PHS) of radiotherapy machines in routine clinical practice. In this work, we measured the PHS for a Co-60 radiotherapy machine using our Compton spectrometer. Based on the measured PHS and by employing the response matrix that had been previously constructed for the spectrometry system with a deconvolution method, we recovered the clinical machine photon fluence spectra. First, the characterization of one NaI(Tl) detector was performed to obtain the response functions for the Compton spectrometer with the purpose of constructing the spectrometry system response matrix. Mechanical and radiation tests were performed to ensure and verify the functionality and operation of the spectrometry measurement system. Next, the PHS for an X-ray unit with energies of 70–100 kV was measured at a Compton angle of 90°to obtain the response of the spectrometer at these energies. Finally, the PHS for a Theratron-780 Co-60 clinical machine at different Compton angles was measured, and the corresponding photon fluence spectra were recovered. The results for the fluence spectra of the Theratron-780 show two well-defined peaks of 1173 and 1332 keV corresponding to the Co-60 source. The recovered spectra show good correlation with the spectra obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and with the spectra recovered for a standard Co-60 calibration source used as benchmarks in the corresponding megavoltage range. Our designed and built Compton spectrometer can be used in the clinical routine to measure and reconstruct megavoltage photon beam spectra for clinical machines.