Construction Of Mental Models Research Articles

Retracted: The Subject Construction and Role Mental Model Construction of Erotic Movies Based on Lacan's Desire Theory.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/7751995.].

Space Adventure Game-Based Learning: How Games and Scaffolds Affect Eighth Graders' Physics Learning and Game Immersion

Game-based learning (GBL) has long been recognized as an effective way to engage students in learning through games, but little emphasis has been placed on scaffolding support for students, which hinders their learning. Therefore, our design of Space Adventure GBL ties games closely to scaffolds at every stage and investigates what role games and scaffolds play and whether greater exposure to games and scaffolds can boost learning. Six classes of 152 8th graders were randomly assigned to unlimited gaming and scaffolding group, limited scaffolding group, and limited gaming group. Students' learning outcomes in physics are optimized when they have unlimited access to GBL's gaming and scaffolding. All three groups perceived similar levels of engagement, engrossment and total immersion. According to regression, time spent mastering the scaffolds on their first attempt is the most determinant predictor of physics concept learning and engagement, whereas winning the games for the first-time predicts mental model construction, engrossment and total immersion the most. This study sheds light on future GBL studies that closely tying scaffolds and games challenges could motivate and facilitate students to master scaffolds and win games on their first attempts, resulting in better physics learning performance and more game immersion.

PERSPECTIVES ON THE SUBJECT MODEL OF MENTAL TRAUMA AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

The article presents the perspectives of considering psychological trauma and related disorders, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), through the concept of subjectness - the subjectness model of psychological trauma. Psychic trauma is defined as an area of the self with a critical devaluation of subjectness. The concepts of subjectness are briefly reviewed, and three main aspects are highlighted: synthesizing, activity, and cognitive. The synthesizing function (aspect) of subjectivity is responsible for the formation of a holistic image of oneself, the world, and relationships - the more holistically an individual perceives the world and oneself, including one's life narrative in the form of a holistic autobiographical time, the higher the level of one's subjectivity. The cognitive function corresponds to the transfer of the sensory level of information to the abstract level and the creation, construction, and restructuring of mental models of the world by setting and solving problems. The synthesizing and cognitive function can be compared to such a concept as mentalization. The activity function corresponds to the individual's sense of himself as a free author of his life and ability to act in sense of a personal form of behavior in which he independently chooses goals and ways of achieving them, and/or an act of moral self-determination in which he asserts himself as a person. The activity function can be compared to such a concept as agency. It is shown that the critical devaluation of the synthesizing function of subjectness can describe the phenomenon of post-traumatic split personality, the devaluation of the activity function of subjectivity – a group of avoidance symptoms in PTSD and post-traumatic negative self-concept, the devaluation of the cognitive function – the inability to integrate the experience of traumatic stress and its existence in a dissociated sensory form. Examples of the author's models of post-traumatic splitting, devaluation of mentalization and formation of a negative self-concept through the formation of a complex of learned helplessness are presented. The concept of subjectness can be convenient for describing mental trauma because, on the one hand, it is holistic and humanistic. On the other hand, it allows working with individual functions of subjectness.

Differentiating mental models of self and others: A hierarchical framework for knowledge assessment.

Developing an accurate model of another agent's knowledge is central to communication and cooperation between agents. In this article, we propose a hierarchical framework of knowledge assessment that explains how people construct mental models of their own knowledge and the knowledge of others. Our framework posits that people integrate information about their own and others' knowledge via Bayesian inference. To evaluate this claim, we conduct an experiment in which participants repeatedly assess their own performance (a metacognitive task) and the performance of another person (a type of theory of mind task) on the same image classification tasks. We contrast the hierarchical framework with simpler alternatives that assume different degrees of differentiation between mental models of self and others. Our model accurately captures participants' assessment of their own performance and the performance of others in the task: Initially, people rely on their own self-assessment process to reason about the other person's performance, leading to similar self- and other-performance predictions. As more information about the other person's ability becomes available, the mental model for the other person becomes increasingly distinct from the mental model of self. Simulation studies also confirm that our framework explains a wide range of findings about human knowledge assessment of themselves and others. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

ASSESSMENT OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN STUDENT LEARNING OF MOON PHASES

Many research studies have shown that lower-secondary school students’ scientific literacy depends on their understanding of corresponding scientific concepts. Therefore, it is of great significance to model and assess students’ conceptual understanding in learning specific scientific concepts, because it can reflect and diagnose students’ cognitive characteristics, so as to provide evidence for targeted educational interventions. However, on the topic of Moon Phases, existing research studies have deficiencies in the evaluation and analysis of different levels of students’ conceptual understanding, which restrict teachers to take effective educational interventions to help them. Thus, this study explored a new level division and an assessment test for revealing and explaining students’ different conceptual understanding in learning Moon Phases. This study was conducted among 768 Chinese lower-secondary school students. Through a variety of quantitative and qualitative analyses, it was found that students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases can be divided into three levels of continuous improvement, including the mechanical memory of different phenomena of moon phases, the formation of a preliminary mental model of Moon Phases, and the construction of a complete mental model of Moon Phases. Accordingly, this study made some precise suggestions for effectively improving students’ conceptual understanding of Moon Phases. Keywords: assessment of conceptual understanding, level division, Moon Phases, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis

THE CONCEPTUAL MENTAL MODEL OF EXPLANATION IN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM

The subject of research is the process of formation of explanations in artificial intelligence systems. To solve the problem of the opacity of decision-making in artificial intelligence systems, users should receive an explanation of the decisions made. The explanation allows you to trust these solutions and ensure their use in practice. The purpose of the work is to develop a conceptual mental model of explanation to determine the basic dependencies that determine the relationship between input data, as well as actions to obtain a result in an intelligent system, and its final solution. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: structuring approaches to building mental models of explanations; construction of a conceptual mental model of explanation based on a unified representation of the user's knowledge. Conclusions. The structuring of approaches to the construction of mental models of explanations in intelligent systems has been carried out. Mental models are designed to reflect the user's perception of an explanation. Causal, statistical, semantic, and conceptual approaches to the construction of mental models of explanation are distinguished. It is shown that the conceptual model sets generalized schemes and principles regarding the process of functioning of the intellectual system. Its further detailing is carried out on the basis of a causal approach in the case of constructing an explanation for processes, a statistical approach when constructing an explanation about the result of the system's work, as well as a semantic approach when harmonizing the explanation with the user's basic knowledge. A three-level conceptual mental model of the explanation is proposed, containing levels of concepts regarding the basic principles of the functioning of the artificial intelligence system, an explanation that details this concept in an acceptable and understandable way for the user, as well as basic knowledge about the subject area, which is the basis for the formation of the explanation. In a practical aspect, the proposed model creates conditions for building and organizing a set of agreed explanations that describe the process and result of the intelligent system, considering the possibility of their perception by the user.

Motor imagery and engagement favour spatial reasoning.

Based on the assumption that spatial reasoning relies on the construction of mental models of the states of affairs described in the premises, and on evidence that sensory-motor imagery can enhance cognitive abilities, we hypothesised that imagining moving the objects mentioned in the premises to the specific spatial locations should favour spatial reasoning. The results of Experiment 1confirmed the prediction: when participants imagined moving the objects mentioned in the premises (dynamic-engagement condition), they drew accurate inferences faster compared with participants who merely read the premises (static-non-engagement condition). Experiment 2was in part a replication of Experiment 1but included two additional experimental conditions to control for possible effects of self-engagement in reasoning: in one condition, participants imagined that someone else was moving the objects (dynamic-non-engagement condition), and in the other condition, participants imagined that they were observing the objects (static-engagement condition). The results revealed an interaction between motor imagery and engagement in decreasing response times to spatial problems. We discuss the practical implications of the current results.

Learning statistics with interactive pictures using R Shiny: Generally preferred, but not generally advantageous

AbstractConstructing interactive web apps has become more accessible for instructors, for example, by using the R package Shiny. Here we explored learners' preferences and the efficiency of interactive simulations versus static pictures in acquiring statistics knowledge of Cohen's d and standard normal distribution. Results revealed that students' spontaneous interaction with pictures was infrequent (pilot study, N = 26). While prompts (Exp. 1, N = 152) effectively ensured the manipulation of simulations, student exposure to interactive simulations led to longer learning times though similar test performance compared with student exposure to static pictures. Multiple interactive representations led to lower test performance than single interactive and static representations (Exp. 2, N = 117). Though no advantage was gained regarding learning outcomes, participants preferred the interactive variant (Exp. 3, N = 119). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the superiority of interactive pictures cannot be assumed to hold in general. Further work should evaluate how mental model construction can be effectively scaffolded by interactive simulations.

Knowledge Management-Based Mental Health Service Model: Sustainable Application during College Students’ Education

In order to meet the dynamic mental health needs of college students, it is important to promote quality mental health services and to improve the development view of college students’ mental health. This paper uses a knowledge management method to construct college students’ developmental mental health service model. The model is informed by knowledge management, which comprehensively considers service-related components, namely, resources, content, approach, process, personnel, and objects. Furthermore, knowledge management constructs the system structure of the model and expands the research ideas and contents of the service resource pool. Moreover, knowledge management supports the platform, core technology system, and service process in the model. Finally, using Suzhou University as an example, this study examines the implementation and application of the service model to test the effectiveness of the knowledge management method. Thus, this study provides theoretical and methodological support for the construction, implementation, and application of a sustainable mental health service model for college students.

Research on Information Retrieval Effectiveness of University Scientific Researchers Based on Mental Model

The information retrieval behavior of scientific researchers is a behavior that is affected by multiple factors such as cognition, emotion, task, and user type and has its unique cognitive characteristics. In the context of scientific research, this paper conducts research on the information retrieval behavior of scientific researchers and analyzes the three levels of user mental model “user cognition, user behavior, and user emotion.” According to the mental model construction process, define the user segmentation of basic tasks, formulate recruitment plan, set interview scope, analyze data, construct mental model, product adjustment and gap analysis, export structure seven steps, construct the mental model of scientific research workers’ information retrieval, carry out research on the information retrieval efficiency of scientific researchers, describe the user portrait based on the mental model, and put forward strategies to improve the efficiency of user information retrieval.

From the ground up: Patterns and perceptions of herbaceous diversity in organic coffee agroecosystems

Abstract Smallholder farms that transition to organic and biodiverse production are increasingly recognized as strongholds of agrobiodiversity, with emerging work identifying important outcomes such as enhancing crop portfolios, mitigating extreme climate events and contributing to farmer well‐being. Yet the emergent herbaceous communities in these organic systems remain understudied, with the functional diversity and management of this stratum relatively unknown. This study identifies the taxonomic and functional diversity of the herbaceous community in organic coffee agroforestry systems, and describes the extent of this diversity with farm, and farmer, attributes. We measured leaf‐level functional traits (e.g. specific leaf area) of the herbaceous community to derive functional diversity indices and collected localized environmental conditions on 15 organic coffee farms in Central Valley, Costa Rica. We also conducted semi‐structured interviews with nine farmers to construct mental models on herbaceous community management using a cognitive mapping approach. In total, 38 species from 20 taxonomic families were present in these organic coffee systems. The herbaceous communities were functionally diverse; however, functional evenness increased with canopy openness, suggesting that farms adopting agroforestry tend to have a more functionally diverse herbaceous stratum. Farmer perception of plant traits in the herbaceous community was differentiated into competitive (weeds) or neutral/positive effects. These perceptions aligned with well‐established functional trait trade‐offs. The mental models representing farmer decision‐making processes were highly variable, with a nearly 30% increase in cognitive map density from the simplest map to the most complex; this complexity in mental models was a key explanatory variable in the level of functional diversity of the herbaceous community. Organic management practices that support agroforestry practices also, in turn, promote a functionally diverse herbaceous stratum. We show that functional trait syndromes in these herbaceous communities in agroforestry systems are linked with farmer perceptions of traits, and that highly interconnected farm decision‐making is related to greater functional diversity in the herbaceous community. Understanding pathways of farmer decision‐making on managing this herbaceous community can appropriately situate on‐farm practice and policy for the transition to organic production, and inform emerging agri‐environmental programs.

Construction of Mental Health Knowledge Service Model Based on Online Medical Community

This paper discusses a common mental disorder prevention mode to improve residents' mental health quality and achieve the “comprehensive and fine-grained” mental health education knowledge service. The construction of mental health knowledge service model is conducive to accurately grasp the group cognition and psychological changes and take the initiative to make decisions. This paper analyzes the needs of mental health education knowledge service system and combs the research status of applying information technology and artificial intelligence to mental health education at home and abroad, the resource data of five major online medical communities at home and abroad were screened and mined, and the mental health feature tags of college students were extracted. Based on the existing mental health diagnosis experience database and multisource text, reuse and optimize ontology integration method to systematically construct mental health education ontology. Taking mental illness as an example, the rule base is constructed and the personalized recommendation service of mental health is realized. The service model can infer and output all kinds of diagnosis and treatment knowledge to provide users with intelligent mental health education knowledge services.

The Subject Construction and Role Mental Model Construction of Erotic Movies Based on Lacan's Desire Theory.

Jacques Lacan is a famous French psychoanalyst, but his influence has long gone beyond the scope of psychoanalysis and has affected almost all fields of “human science.” Film and psychoanalysis coincided almost simultaneously and influenced each other. But with the development of film, researchers found that film studies in the period of classic film and film semiotics have come to an end. It has certain theoretical value to explore the construction of the subject and the mental model of the erotic film based on Lacan's desire theory. Method. The body in the film and video described in this paper includes both the material body as an aesthetic object and the spiritual body with aesthetic consciousness. The so-called artistic presentation of the body element means that the beauty of the body form displayed by the actor's body in the film video is perceived by the audience, and the desire to stare is captured by the audience, thereby completing the audience's entire body composed of eyes, body, and mind. The body is not only an aesthetic object but also an aesthetic subject, and the human cognitive system is not just a closed brain. Because the nervous system, body, and environment are constantly changing and interacting, true cognition is a unified system of all three. The main part of this paper uses Lacan's psychoanalytic theory to deeply analyze the relationship between the characters shown in the film. From the cognitive impairment of the self to the failure of communication between characters, the language of uncertainty entangled by desire is removed, and the behavior and facial expressions of the movie characters are used as the analysis basis to fully interpret the inner world of the characters. This includes love, hatred, pain, struggle, and many other contradictory emotions. In addition, this paper also analyzes the metaphor of the relationship between the characters from the perspective of semiotics and discusses the description of the relationship between the characters from the lens language from the perspective of cinematography. The special meaning conveyed by the recurring elements in the film is emphasized, and the correlation between the pictures is explained from the less mentioned photographic aspect of the film. Results/Discussion. Looking at Lacan's theory, the subject, the other, and desire are linked by the subject spirit, which is the core of the connection between the three, and only through the resistance and struggle of the subject spirit can the illusion of the subject be broken. Bewilderment and the suppression of the other and desire finally become the self. And the embodiment of this true self is particularly prominent in film art. Lacan's purpose is not merely to dissolve the subject but to seek a stand in the midst of destruction, pursuing the ultimate transcendence of man's desire for the external other and internal desire.

Construction of a Mental Health Education Model for College Students Based on Fine-Grained Parallel Computing Programming

Mental health and mental health problems of college students are becoming more and more obvious, and there is more and more negative news caused by psychological problems, and society from all walks of life has given high attention to this problem. Given the new situations and new problems, how to keep up with the times and reform and innovate in the content, method, and path of psychological education in colleges and universities is an important work of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Because fine-grained category information can provide rich semantic clues, fine-grained parallel computing techniques are widely used in tasks such as sensitive feature filtering, medical image classification, and dangerous goods detection. In this study, we adopt a fine-grained parallel computing programming approach and propose a multiobjective matrix regular optimization algorithm that can simultaneously perform the joint square root, low-rank, and sparse regular optimization for bilinear visual features, which is used to stabilize the higher-order semantic information in bilinear features, improve the generalization ability of features, and apply it to the construction of mental health education models for college students to promote the construction of mental health education bases, improve mental health education network platform, and strengthen the construction of mental health education data platform. A new practical aspect has been added to the abstract. The saliency-guided data augmentation method in this study is an improvement on random data augmentation but reduces the randomness in the data augmentation process and significantly improves the results. The best result belongs to SCutMix data augmentation, which improves by 1.9% compared to the baseline network.

Lower grade students tend to give up early in multimedia learning

This study examined the relationship between grade and the ability of text-picture integration in terms of task completion and the pattern of using textual and pictorial information. Children (N = 144) from secondary schools were recruited from grade 5 and grade 8. Analyzing the time spent with the multimedia unit prior to an incorrect response, this study suggests that 5th graders tend to give up relatively early compared to 8th graders. Furthermore, early incorrect responses were more prevalent among students of the non-academic track and were predicted by a low proportion of fixations on the text in mental model construction and on the picture in adaptive mental model specification. An inappropriate approach of integrating text and picture can thus be the reason for giving up early. The work provides a basis for (1) automated feedback during the course of working on a multimedia unit. (2) Instructional design should be adapted to the characteristics of student groups to support text-picture integration and to avoid giving up early.

Linking Epistemic Monitoring to Perceived Realism: the Impact of Story-World Inconsistency on Realism and Engagement

ABSTRACT Discourse comprehension research demonstrates that understanding new information as it arises in a text, requires that readers retrieve information from earlier in the text and from preexisting knowledge brought to the reading experience, known as bridging and elaboration, respectively. Epistemic monitoring may detect inconsistencies that arise during bridging and elaboration, and these inconsistencies may interfere with comprehension and the construction of mental models. The present study links these processes with readers’ perceptions of narrative and external realism. It investigates the influence of inconsistencies – references to modern technologies in written short stories set before those technologies existed – on two types of realism judgments and on five dimensions of narrative engagement. Experimentally introduced inconsistencies designed to interfere with elaboration and, subsequently with the construction of a story world model, reduced perceived external realism and narrative realism. The effect on narrative realism was mediated by external realism. Results further indicate that narrative realism causally preceded imagery production, and that imagery production fully mediated the relation between narrative realism and emotional engagement, and partially mediated the relation between narrative realism and a sense of presence in the story.

A COGNITIVE STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL NARRATIVES ABOUT COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This paper explores how the stylistic framework of Text World Theory can be applied to personal narratives. This approach falls within the scope of the discipline of cognitive stylistics. In order to explore the similarities and differences between readers' experiences, cognitive stylistics draws on cognitive scientific insights into the relationship between the mind, language, and the world, going beyond the traditional method of stylistic accounting for literary interpretation through linguistic models. A qualitative study within an appropriate model is conducted to three narratives collected from Story Center website about COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that context-dependent text world analysis of narratives is an effective method for depicting the participants' senses. It gives an explanation of how readers construct mental models based on the linguistic elements that are offered to them. It provides an explanation of the progression that readers go through as they move from textual information to the profound nature of text worlds. It can be concluded that Text World Theory provides evidence of the cognitive processes that take place during the act of reading, the process that ultimately results in interpretation of the text and the acquisition of meaning.

How do human actions affect fisheries? Differences in perceptions between fishers and scientists in the Maine lobster fishery

The degree to which human actions affect marine fisheries has been a fundamental question shaping people’s relationship with the sea. Today, divergences in stakeholder views about the impacts of human activities such as fishing, climate change, pollution, and resource management can hinder effective co-management and adaptation. Here, we used surveys to construct mental models of the Maine lobster fishery, identifying divergent views held by two key stakeholder groups: lobster fishers and marine scientists. The two groups were differentiated by their perceptions of the relative impact of pollution, water temperature, and fishing. Notably, many fishers perceive the process of fishing to have a positive effect on fisheries through the input of bait. Scientists exhibited a statistically significantly stronger concern for climate change and identified CO2 as one of the dominant pollutants in the Gulf of Maine. However, fishers and scientists agreed that management has a positive impact, which appeared to be a change over the past two decades, possibly due to increased collaboration between the two groups. This work contributes to the goal of decreasing the distance between stakeholder perspectives in the context of a co-managed fishery as well as understanding broader perceptions of impacts of human activities on marine ecosystems.

Evaluation of the Effect of Ideological and Political Education on Psychological Crisis Intervention for University Students Based on Data Mining Algorithm

The mental health level of university students not only directly affects their own growth, but also affects the stability of the campus, which in turn affects the harmony of society and the improvement of the quality of all people. The combination of ideological education and mental health education is an important educational project in contemporary universities. To enhance the quality of psychological health education of college students can promote the overall development of students’ comprehensive quality; the two are closely integrated together, so as to successfully promote the effective combination of ideological education and psychological education, thus realizing the role of ideological education and psychological health education in promoting the physical and mental health development of contemporary college students. This paper explains the technology of data mining and the current situation of the psychological impact of Civic Education on college students and analyzes in depth the feasibility of introducing data mining technology in Civic Education to intervene in the psychological crisis of college students. The results show that the application of the technology provides a new idea for the mental health education of college students and a new way for the construction of a preventive college student mental health education model.

Interactive Development of Adaptive Learning and Memory

Across development, interactions between value-based learning and memory processes promote the formation of mental models that enable flexible goal pursuit. Value cues in the environment signal information that may be useful to prioritize in memory; these prioritized memories in turn form the foundation of structured knowledge representations that guide subsequent learning. Critically, neural and cognitive component processes of learning and memory undergo marked shifts from infancy to adulthood, leading to developmental change in the construction of mental models and how they are used to guide goal-directed behavior. This review explores how changes in reciprocal interactions between value-based learning and memory influence adaptive behavior across development and highlights avenues for future research.